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Gorska-Arcisz M, Popeda M, Braun M, Piasecka D, Nowak JI, Kitowska K, Stasilojc G, Okroj M, Romanska HM, Sadej R. FGFR2-triggered autophagy and activation of Nrf-2 reduce breast cancer cell response to anti-ER drugs. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:71. [PMID: 38745155 PMCID: PMC11092031 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic abnormalities in the FGFR signalling occur in 40% of breast cancer (BCa) patients resistant to anti-ER therapy, which emphasizes the potential of FGFR-targeting strategies. Recent findings indicate that not only mutated FGFR is a driver of tumour progression but co-mutational landscapes and other markers should be also investigated. Autophagy has been recognized as one of the major mechanisms underlying the role of tumour microenvironment in promotion of cancer cell survival, and resistance to anti-ER drugs. The selective autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1 promotes Nrf-2 activation by Keap1/Nrf-2 complex dissociation. Herein, we have analysed whether the negative effect of FGFR2 on BCa cell response to anti-ER treatment involves the autophagy process and/or p62/Keap1/Nrf-2 axis. METHODS The activity of autophagy in ER-positive MCF7 and T47D BCa cell lines was determined by analysis of expression level of autophagy markers (p62 and LC3B) and monitoring of autophagosomes' maturation. Western blot, qPCR and proximity ligation assay were used to determine the Keap1/Nrf-2 interaction and Nrf-2 activation. Analysis of 3D cell growth in Matrigel® was used to assess BCa cell response to applied treatments. In silico gene expression analysis was performed to determine FGFR2/Nrf-2 prognostic value. RESULTS We have found that FGFR2 signalling induced autophagy in AMPKα/ULK1-dependent manner. FGFR2 activity promoted dissociation of Keap1/Nrf-2 complex and activation of Nrf-2. Both, FGFR2-dependent autophagy and activation of Nrf-2 were found to counteract the effect of anti-ER drugs on BCa cell growth. Moreover, in silico analysis showed that high expression of NFE2L2 (gene encoding Nrf-2) combined with high FGFR2 expression was associated with poor relapse-free survival (RFS) of ER+ BCa patients. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the unknown role of FGFR2 signalling in activation of autophagy and regulation of the p62/Keap1/Nrf-2 interdependence, which has a negative impact on the response of ER+ BCa cells to anti-ER therapies. The data from in silico analyses suggest that expression of Nrf-2 could act as a marker indicating potential benefits of implementation of anti-FGFR therapy in patients with ER+ BCa, in particular, when used in combination with anti-ER drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gorska-Arcisz
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Molecular Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Popeda
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Braun
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominika Piasecka
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Molecular Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna I Nowak
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kamila Kitowska
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Molecular Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Stasilojc
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Okroj
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Hanna M Romanska
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Rafal Sadej
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Molecular Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
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Khassafi N, Azami Tameh A, Mirzaei H, Rafat A, Barati S, Khassafi N, Vahidinia Z. Crosstalk between Nrf2 signaling pathway and inflammation in ischemic stroke: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic implications. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114655. [PMID: 38110142 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the major causes of long-term disability and mortality is ischemic stroke that enjoys limited treatment approaches. On the one hand, oxidative stress, induced by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays a critical role in post-stroke inflammatory response. Increased ROS generation is one of the basic factors in the progression of stroke-induced neuroinflammation. Moreover, intravenous (IV) thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) as the only medication approved for patients with acute ischemic stroke who suffer from some clinical restrictions it could not cover the complicated episodes that happen after stroke. Thus, identifying novel therapeutic targets is crucial for successful preparation of new medicines. Recent evidence indicates that the transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) contributes significantly to regulating the antioxidant production in cytosol, which causes antiinflammatory effects on neurons. New findings have shown a relationship between activation of the Nrf2 and glial cells, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, the nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling, and expression of inflammatory markers, suggesting induction of Nrf2 activation can represent a promising therapeutic alternative as the modulators of Nrf2 dependent pathways for targeting inflammatory responses in neural tissue. Hence, this review addresses the relationship of Nrf2 signaling with inflammation and Nrf2 activators' potential as therapeutic agents. This review helps to improve required knowledge for focused therapy and the creation of modern and improved treatment choices for patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Khassafi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Azami Tameh
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Rafat
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Negin Khassafi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Vahidinia
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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3
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Kim JW, Kim MJ, Han TH, Lee JY, Kim S, Kim H, Oh KJ, Kim WK, Han BS, Bae KH, Ban HS, Bae SH, Lee SC, Lee H, Lee EW. FSP1 confers ferroptosis resistance in KEAP1 mutant non-small cell lung carcinoma in NRF2-dependent and -independent manner. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:567. [PMID: 37633973 PMCID: PMC10460413 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a type of cell death induced by lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a novel anti-cancer strategy. Cancer cells frequently acquire resistance to ferroptosis. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To address this issue, we conducted a thorough investigation of the genomic and transcriptomic data derived from hundreds of human cancer cell lines and primary tissue samples, with a particular focus on non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). It was observed that mutations in Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) and subsequent nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2, also known as NFE2L2) activation are strongly associated with ferroptosis resistance in NSCLC. Additionally, AIFM2 gene, which encodes ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), was identified as the gene most significantly correlated with ferroptosis resistance, followed by multiple NRF2 targets. We found that inhibition of NRF2 alone was not sufficient to reduce FSP1 protein levels and promote ferroptosis, whereas FSP1 inhibition effectively sensitized KEAP1-mutant NSCLC cells to ferroptosis. Furthermore, we found that combined inhibition of FSP1 and NRF2 induced ferroptosis more intensely. Our findings imply that FSP1 is a crucial suppressor of ferroptosis whose expression is partially dependent on NRF2 and that synergistically targeting both FSP1 and NRF2 may be a promising strategy for overcoming ferroptosis resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Woo Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Han
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangok Kim
- Korea Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerin Kim
- Korea Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Soo Han
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Ban
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Han Bae
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Haeseung Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Kogami M, Abe S, Nakamura H, Aoshiba K. Fenofibrate attenuates the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin on lung cancer cells by enhancing the antioxidant defense system in vitro. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:313. [PMID: 37332337 PMCID: PMC10272955 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate (FF) is a peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor (PPAR)-α agonist that is widely used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. It has been shown to have pleiotropic actions beyond its hypolipidemic effect. FF has been shown to exert a cytotoxic effect on some cancer cells when used at higher than clinically relevant concentrations; on the other hand, its cytoprotective effect on normal cells has also been reported. The present study assessed the effect of FF on cisplatin (CDDP) cytotoxicity to lung cancer cells in vitro. The results demonstrated that the effect of FF on lung cancer cells depends on its concentration. FF at ≤50 µM, which is a clinically achievable blood concentration, attenuated CDDP cytotoxicity to lung cancer cells, whereas FF at ≥100 µM, albeit clinically unachievable, had an anticancer effect. The mechanism of FF attenuation of CDDP cytotoxicity involved PPAR-α-dependent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression, which in turn stimulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and antioxidant production, resulting in lung cancer cell protection from CDDP-evoked oxidative damage. In conclusion, the present study revealed that FF, at clinically relevant concentrations, attenuated CDDP cytotoxicity to lung cancer cells by enhancing the antioxidant defense system through activation of a pathway that involves the PPAR-α-PPAR response element-AhR xenobiotic response element-Nrf2-antioxidant response element. These findings suggested that concomitant use of FF with CDDP may compromise the efficacy of chemotherapy. Although the anticancer property of FF has recently attracted much attention, concentrations that exceed clinically relevant concentrations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Kogami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Shinji Abe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Kazutetsu Aoshiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
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Datta S, Bishayee A, Sinha D. Black tea bioactive phytoconstituents realign NRF2 for anticancer activity in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1176819. [PMID: 37305533 PMCID: PMC10247968 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1176819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is pivotal in bestowing therapy resistance in cancer cells. Several phytochemicals have been reported with the potential of modulating NRF2. Therefore, it was hypothesized that NRF2-deregulated chemoresistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) may be counteracted by theaflavin-rich black tea (BT). A non-responsive LUAD cell line, A549, was the best sensitized towards cisplatin upon pre-treatment with BT. BT-mediated NRF2 reorientation was observed to be dependent on concentration and duration of treatment as well as on the mutational profile of NRF2 in A549 cells. Transient exposure of low-concentration BT hormetically downregulated NRF2, its downstream antioxidants, and drug transporter. BT also influenced the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (KEAP1)-dependent cullin 3 (Cul3) and KEAP-1-independent signaling through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) - rat sarcoma virus (RAS) - rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF) - extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) - matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. The realignment of NRF2 in KEAP1-suppressed A549 cells enhanced the chemotherapeutic outcome. But a higher concentration of the same BT surprisingly upregulated NRF2 and its transcriptional targets with a subsequent decrease in the NRF2-regulatory machinery in NCI-H23 cells (a KEAP1-overexpressed LUAD cell line), ultimately resulting in a better anticancer response. The BT-mediated bidirectional NRF2 modulation was reconfirmed upon comparison with the action of a pharmacological NRF2 inhibitor, ML-385, in A549 and a known NRF2 activator, tertiary-butylhydroquinone, in NCI-H23 respectively. BT-mediated regulation of NRF2-KEAP1 and their upstream networks (EGFR/RAS/RAF/ERK) sufficed as a better anticancer agent than synthetic NRF2 modulators. Therefore, BT may be indicated as a potent multi-modal small molecule for increasing drug responsiveness in LUAD cells by maintaining NRF2/KEAP1 axis at an optimum level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchisnigdha Datta
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Liatsos GD. SARS-CoV-2 induced liver injury: Incidence, risk factors, impact on COVID-19 severity and prognosis in different population groups. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2397-2432. [PMID: 37179584 PMCID: PMC10167898 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i16.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver is unlikely the key organ driving mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) however, liver function tests (LFTs) abnormalities are widely observed mostly in moderate and severe cases. According to this review, the overall prevalence of abnormal LFTs in COVID-19 patients ranges from 2.5% to 96.8% worldwide. The geographical variability in the prevalence of underlying diseases is the determinant for the observed discrepancies between East and West. Multifactorial mechanisms are implicated in COVID-19-induced liver injury. Among them, hypercytokinemia with "bystander hepatitis", cytokine storm syndrome with subsequent oxidative stress and endotheliopathy, hypercoagulable state and immuno-thromboinflammation are the most determinant mechanisms leading to tissue injury. Liver hypoxia may also contribute under specific conditions, while direct hepatocyte injury is an emerging mechanism. Except for initially observed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) tropism for cholangiocytes, more recent cumulative data show SARS-CoV-2 virions within hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells using electron microscopy (EM). The best evidence for hepatocellular invasion by the virus is the identification of replicating SARS-CoV-2 RNA, S protein RNA and viral nucleocapsid protein within hepatocytes using in-situ hybridization and immunostaining with observed intrahepatic presence of SARS-CoV-2 by EM and by in-situ hybridization. New data mostly derived from imaging findings indicate possible long-term sequelae for the liver months after recovery, suggesting a post-COVID-19 persistent live injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Liatsos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens 11527, Attiki, Greece
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7
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The synthesis of novel thioderivative chalcones and their influence on NF-κB, STAT3 and NRF2 signaling pathways in colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14915. [PMID: 36050500 PMCID: PMC9436958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize new thioderivative chalcones and analyze their impact on the NF-κB, STAT3, EGFR and Nrf2 signaling pathways in colorectal cancer cells. Among the studied compounds, derivatives 4 and 5 decreased the activation of NF-κB and the expression of the target gene COX-2. In the case of STAT3, we observed the inhibition of activation of this signaling pathway after influencing derivative 4. Increased activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway was demonstrated for derivatives 5 and 7 in DLD-1 and HCT116 cells. The results of this study indicated that new chalcone derivatives, especially compounds 4, 5, and-to some degree-7, possess potential applications in the prevention of colorectal cancer.
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Cao D, Wang Y, Li W, Ji J, Guo J, Zhang D, Liu J. 3,4‑Dihydroxyacetophenone attenuates oxidative stress‑induced damage to HUVECs via regulation of the Nrf2/HO‑1 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:199. [PMID: 35475506 PMCID: PMC9073850 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that oxidative stress plays a prominent role in diabetic macrovascular diseases. 3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) has been found to have a variety of biological activities. However, few studies have assessed the antioxidant capacity of 3,4-DHAP and the underlying mechanisms. Thus, the aim of the present study was to explore the effects of 3,4-DHAP on oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were pre-treated with 3,4-DHAP and then exposed to high glucose conditions. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were measured using an MTT assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using an inverted fluorescence microscope and a fluorescent enzyme labeling instrument. Protein expression levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) and poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) were measured using western blotting, and mRNA expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were measured through reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Nrf2 nuclear translocation was evaluated using immunofluorescence analysis and autophagosomes were observed using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results of the present study demonstrated that compared with the control group, cell viability of the high glucose group was reduced and cell cytotoxicity of the high glucose group was increased. ROS production in the high glucose group was clearly enhanced. In addition, high glucose upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 protein and mRNA expression levels. Nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the high glucose group was also increased. The formation of autophagosomes in the high glucose group was also higher than that in the control group. Furthermore, LC3-II/LC3-I and PARP-1 protein expression levels were increased after treatment with high glucose. However, compared to the high glucose group, 3,4-DHAP (10 µmol/l) significantly enhanced cell viability. 3,4-DHAP markedly decreased the production of ROS, increased Nrf2 and HO-1 protein and mRNA expression levels, and promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in HUVECs. In addition, 3,4-DHAP promoted the formation of autophagosomes, and notably increased the protein expression levels of LC3-II/LC3-I and PARP-1. Moreover, it was determined that compared to the 3,4-DHAP group, treatment with 3,4-DHAP and ML385 enhanced cell viability, and decreased ROS production, Nrf2 and HO-1 protein and mRNA expression levels, nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and LC3-II/LC3-I and PARP-1 protein expression levels. Collectively, the results of the present study showed that 3,4-DHAP protected HUVECs against oxidative stress via regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, by increasing autophagy and promoting DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daihong Cao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yunhan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Jiafen Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Juntang Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Daijuan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Jiangyue Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
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Narożna M, Krajka-Kuźniak V, Kleszcz R, Baer-Dubowska W. Indomethacin and Diclofenac Hybrids with Oleanolic Acid Oximes Modulate Key Signaling Pathways in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031230. [PMID: 35163154 PMCID: PMC8835846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our earlier studies showed that coupling nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with oleanolic acid derivatives increased their anti-inflammatory activity in human hepatoma cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate their effect on the signaling pathways involved in inflammation processes in human pancreatic cancer (PC) cells. Cultured PSN-1 cells were exposed for 24 h (30 µM) to OA oxime (OAO) derivatives substituted with benzyl or morpholide groups and their conjugates with indomethacin (IND) or diclofenac (DCL). The activation of NF-κB and Nrf2 was assessed by the evaluation of the translocation of their active forms into the nucleus and their binding to specific DNA sequences via the ELISA assay. The expression of NF-κB and Nrf2 target genes was evaluated by R-T PCR and Western blot analysis. The conjugation of IND or DCL with OAO derivatives increased cytotoxicity and their effect on the tested signaling pathways. The most effective compound was the DCL hybrid with OAO morpholide (4d). This compound significantly reduced the activation and expression of NF-κB and enhanced the activation and expression of Nrf2. Increased expression of Nrf2 target genes led to reduced ROS production. Moreover, MAPKs and the related pathways were also affected. Therefore, conjugate 4d deserves more comprehensive studies as a potential PC therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Narożna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4, Święcicki Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (M.N.); (V.K.-K.); (R.K.)
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825, NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4, Święcicki Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (M.N.); (V.K.-K.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert Kleszcz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4, Święcicki Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (M.N.); (V.K.-K.); (R.K.)
| | - Wanda Baer-Dubowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4, Święcicki Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (M.N.); (V.K.-K.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Huang W, Huang Y, Jiayan, Cui, Wu Y, Zhu F, Huang J, Ma L. Design and Synthesis of Osthole-based Compounds as Potential Nrf2 Agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 61:128547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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11
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Role of Nrf2 in Pancreatic Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010098. [PMID: 35052602 PMCID: PMC8773052 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic tumors are a serious health problem with a 7% mortality rate worldwide. Inflammatory processes and oxidative stress play important roles in the development of pancreatic diseases/cancer. To maintain homeostasis, a balance between free radicals and the antioxidant system is essential. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2/NFE2L2 (Nrf2) and its negative regulator Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 (Keap1) provide substantial protection against damage induced by oxidative stress, and a growing body of evidence points to the canonical and noncanonical Nrf2 signaling pathway as a pharmacological target in the treatment of pancreatic diseases. In this review, we present updated evidence on the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway and its importance in pancreatic cancer. Our review covers potential modulators of canonical and noncanonical pathway modulation mechanisms that may have a positive effect on the therapeutic response. Finally, we describe some interesting recent discoveries of novel treatments related to the antioxidant system for pancreatic cancer, including natural or synthetic compounds with therapeutic properties.
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12
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A Role of Stress Sensor Nrf2 in Stimulating Thermogenesis and Energy Expenditure. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091196. [PMID: 34572382 PMCID: PMC8472024 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During chronic cold stress, thermogenic adipocytes generate heat through uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration from ATP synthesis. Recent discovery of various dietary phytochemicals, endogenous metabolites, synthetic compounds, and their molecular targets for stimulating thermogenesis has provided promising strategies to treat or prevent obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. Nuclear factor E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a stress response protein that plays an important role in obesity and metabolisms. However, both Nrf2 activation and Nrf2 inhibition can suppress obesity and metabolic diseases. Here, we summarized and discussed conflicting findings of Nrf2 activities accounting for part of the variance in thermogenesis and energy metabolism. We also discussed the utility of Nrf2-activating mechanisms for their potential applications in stimulating energy expenditure to prevent obesity and improve metabolic deficits.
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13
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Abstract
The cytosolic selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1, TXNRD1), and to some extent mitochondrial TrxR2 (TXNRD2), can be inhibited by a wide range of electrophilic compounds. Many such compounds also yield cytotoxicity toward cancer cells in culture or in mouse models, and most compounds are likely to irreversibly modify the easily accessible selenocysteine residue in TrxR1, thereby inhibiting its normal activity to reduce cytosolic thioredoxin (Trx1, TXN) and other substrates of the enzyme. This leads to an oxidative challenge. In some cases, the inhibited forms of TrxR1 are not catalytically inert and are instead converted to prooxidant NADPH oxidases, named SecTRAPs, thus further aggravating the oxidative stress, particularly in cells expressing higher levels of the enzyme. In this review, the possible molecular and cellular consequences of these effects are discussed in relation to cancer therapy, with a focus on outstanding questions that should be addressed if targeted TrxR1 inhibition is to be further developed for therapeutic use. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosveta Gencheva
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; .,Department of Selenoprotein Research, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest 1122, Hungary
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14
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Vyas A, Harbison RA, Faden DL, Kubik M, Palmer D, Zhang Q, Osmanbeyoglu HU, Kiselyov K, Méndez E, Duvvuri U. Recurrent Human Papillomavirus-Related Head and Neck Cancer Undergoes Metabolic Reprogramming and Is Driven by Oxidative Phosphorylation. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6250-6264. [PMID: 34407971 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection drives the development of some head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). This disease is rapidly increasing in incidence worldwide. Although these tumors are sensitive to treatment, approximately 10% of patients fail therapy. However, the mechanisms that underlie treatment failure remain unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on tissues from matched primary- (pHNSCC) and metachronous-recurrent cancers (rHNSCC) to identify transcriptional differences to gain mechanistic insight into the evolutionary adaptations of metachronous-recurrent tumors. We used HPV-related HNSCC cells lines to investigate the effect of (i) NRF2 overexpression on growth in vitro and in vivo, (ii) oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibition using IACS-010759 on NRF2-dependent cells, and (iii) combination of cisplatin and OXPHOS inhibition. RESULTS The OXPHOS pathway is enriched in recurrent HPV-associated HNSCC and may contribute to treatment failure. NRF2-enriched HNSCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with enrichment in OXPHOS, fatty-acid metabolism, Myc, Mtor, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glycolytic signaling networks exhibited worse survival. HPV-positive HNSCC cells demonstrated sensitivity to the OXPHOS inhibitor, in a NRF2-dependent manner. Further, using murine xenograft models, we identified NRF2 as a driver of tumor growth. Mechanistically, NRF2 drives ROS and mitochondrial respiration, and NRF2 is a critical regulator of redox homeostasis that can be crippled by disruption of OXPHOS. NRF2 also mediated cisplatin sensitivity in endogenously overexpressing primary HPV-related HNSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS These results unveil a paradigm-shifting translational target harnessing NRF2-mediated metabolic reprogramming in HPV-related HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani Vyas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - R Alex Harbison
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel L Faden
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Kubik
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Drake Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Qing Zhang
- Genomics & Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hatice U Osmanbeyoglu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Umamaheswar Duvvuri
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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15
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Modulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways by Naturally Occurring Compounds in Relation to Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Are Combinations Better Than Single Compounds? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158223. [PMID: 34360990 PMCID: PMC8348704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and NF-κB (nuclear factor–kappa B) signaling pathways play a central role in suppressing or inducing inflammation and angiogenesis processes. Therefore, they are involved in many steps of carcinogenesis through cooperation with multiple signaling molecules and pathways. Targeting both transcription factors simultaneously may be considered an equally important strategy for cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Several hundreds of phytochemicals, mainly edible plant and vegetable components, were shown to activate Nrf2 and mediate antioxidant response. A similar number of phytochemicals was revealed to affect NF-κB. While activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-κB may protect normal cells against cancer initiation and promotion, enhanced expression and activation in cancer cells may lead to resistance to conventional chemo- or radiotherapy. Most phytochemicals, through different mechanisms, activate Nrf2, but others, such as luteolin, can act as inhibitors of both Nrf2 and NF-κB. Despite many experimental data confirming the above mechanisms currently, limited evidence exists demonstrating such activity in humans. Combinations of phytochemicals resembling that in a natural food matrix but allowing higher concentrations may improve their modulating effect on Nrf2 and NF-κB and ultimately cancer prevention and therapy. This review presents the current knowledge on the effect of selected phytochemicals and their combinations on Nrf2 and NF-κB activities in the above context.
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16
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Esmaeili SA, Sahranavard S, Salehi A, Bagheri V. Selectively targeting cancer stem cells: Current and novel therapeutic strategies and approaches in the effective eradication of cancer. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:1045-1059. [PMID: 34184810 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subgroup of cells in malignant cancers, which possess self-renewal capacity, tumor-initiating capability, and pluripotency, as well as being responsible for tumor maintenance, metastasis, relapse, and chemoresistance. The treatment modalities previously established for cancer included surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The majority of tumor cells of non-CSCs could be eradicated using conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, novel and promising therapeutic strategies that selectively target CSCs are of great importance. In this review, we described different therapeutic strategies such as immunotherapy, metabolism-based therapeutic strategies, and additional potential therapeutic approaches (targeting microRNAs [miRNAs], histone deacetylase, and DNA methyl transferase) against CSCs. Taken together, due to the inefficiency of anticancer single therapies, targeting CSCs through their metabolism and using immunotherapy and miRNAs besides classical chemo- and radiotherapy may exert better therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shamim Sahranavard
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Astireh Salehi
- Biology Department, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Vahid Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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17
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Zhu DD, Tan XM, Lu LQ, Yu SJ, Jian RL, Liang XF, Liao YX, Fan W, Barbier-Torres L, Yang A, Yang HP, Liu T. Interplay between nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and inflammatory mediators in COVID-19-related liver injury. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:2944-2962. [PMID: 34168400 PMCID: PMC8192291 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i22.2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a global pandemic and poses a major threat to human health worldwide. In addition to respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 is usually accompanied by systemic inflammation and liver damage in moderate and severe cases. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of antioxidant proteins, participating in COVID-19-mediated inflammation and liver injury. Here, we show the novel reciprocal regulation between NRF2 and inflammatory mediators associated with COVID-19-related liver injury. Additionally, we describe some mechanisms and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xue-Mei Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li-Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Si-Jia Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ru-Li Jian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin-Fang Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Lucíia Barbier-Torres
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Austin Yang
- Department of Biology, East Los Angeles College, Los Angeles, CA 91008, United States
| | - He-Ping Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
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18
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Cykowiak M, Krajka-Kuźniak V, Baer-Dubowska W. Combinations of Phytochemicals More Efficiently than Single Components Activate Nrf2 and Induce the Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:996-1011. [PMID: 34120541 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1933097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer prevention particularly related to aging can be improved by the use of phytochemicals combinations. In this study, we evaluated the effect of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), xanthohumol (XAN), indole-3-carbinol (I3C), and resveratrol (RES) and their combinations on the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Human pancreatic cancer cells MIA-Pa-Ca-2 were treated with the phytochemicals alone or their equimolar mixture for 24 h and activation of Nrf2 and expression of its target genes were evaluated. Phytochemicals alone enhanced Nrf2 activation and expression, but their combinations were more efficient. The mixture of XAN and PEITC was found to be the most potent modulator of the Nrf2 pathway. Moreover, increased levels of P-Nrf2 and P-JNK and decreased level of P-GSK-3β suggested possible activation of Nrf2 through modulation of these kinases. The combinations of XAN with PEITC and RES with PEITC increased mostly the expression of SOD, GSTP, CAT, and GPx. XAN and PEITC mixture induced the cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and increased apoptotic and autophagy markers. These results indicate that combinations of phytochemicals resembling that occurring in natural diets may efficiently modulate the signaling pathways, which proper function is important for pancreatic cancer prophylaxis or improving the results of conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cykowiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wanda Baer-Dubowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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19
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Zhang W, Yu H, Lin Q, Liu X, Cheng Y, Deng B. Anti-inflammatory effect of resveratrol attenuates the severity of diabetic neuropathy by activating the Nrf2 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:10659-10671. [PMID: 33770763 PMCID: PMC8064179 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the development of neuropathy associated with diabetes mellitus are not fully understood. Resveratrol, as a nonflavonoid polyphenol, plays a variety of beneficial roles in the treatment of chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, coronary heart disease and obesity. In our study, the role of nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in resveratrol-mediated protection against streptozotocin-induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) was investigated, and the antioxidant effect of resveratrol in diabetic peripheral nerves was studied. The STZ-treated model mice were divided into two groups. The resveratrol group was intragastrically administered 10 ml/kg 10% resveratrol once a day until the 12th week after STZ injection. The vehicle-treated mice were injected with the same volume of DMSO. Analysis of the effects of resveratrol in DPN revealed the following novel findings: (i) the pain and temperature sensitivities of diabetic mice were improved after treatment with resveratrol; (ii) Nrf2 expression was increased in the diabetic peripheral nerves of resveratrol-treated mice, and NF-KB pathway inhibition protected nerves upon resveratrol treatment in peripheral neuropathy; and (iii) resveratrol modulated the anti-inflammatory microenvironment of peripheral nerves by increasing Nrf2 activation and the expression of p-p65, and these changes may have been responsible for the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol in DPN, which was confirmed by Nrf2 knockout in diabetic mice. Overall, this study demonstrates that resveratrol may attenuate the severity of DPN by protecting peripheral nerves from apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-KB pathway and increasing Nrf2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Beichen, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Qingxia Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Beichen, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Deng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
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20
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Mirzaei S, Zarrabi A, Hashemi F, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Azami N, Hamzehlou S, Farahani MV, Hushmandi K, Ashrafizadeh M, Khan H, Kumar AP. Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Chemoprotection and Doxorubicin Resistance: Potential Application in Drug Discovery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030349. [PMID: 33652780 PMCID: PMC7996755 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is extensively applied in cancer therapy due to its efficacy in suppressing cancer progression and inducing apoptosis. After its discovery, this chemotherapeutic agent has been frequently used for cancer therapy, leading to chemoresistance. Due to dose-dependent toxicity, high concentrations of DOX cannot be administered to cancer patients. Therefore, experiments have been directed towards revealing underlying mechanisms responsible for DOX resistance and ameliorating its adverse effects. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling is activated to increase levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells to protect them against oxidative stress. It has been reported that Nrf2 activation is associated with drug resistance. In cells exposed to DOX, stimulation of Nrf2 signaling protects cells against cell death. Various upstream mediators regulate Nrf2 in DOX resistance. Strategies, both pharmacological and genetic interventions, have been applied for reversing DOX resistance. However, Nrf2 induction is of importance for alleviating side effects of DOX. Pharmacological agents with naturally occurring compounds as the most common have been used for inducing Nrf2 signaling in DOX amelioration. Furthermore, signaling networks in which Nrf2 is a key player for protection against DOX adverse effects have been revealed and are discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran 1477893855, Iran;
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; (A.Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran;
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (N.A.); (S.H.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (N.A.); (S.H.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Negar Azami
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (N.A.); (S.H.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Soodeh Hamzehlou
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (N.A.); (S.H.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Mahdi Vasheghani Farahani
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (N.A.); (S.H.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran;
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; (A.Z.); (M.A.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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21
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Polysulfide and Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorate Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Renal Inflammation through Persulfidating STAT3 and IKKβ. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207805. [PMID: 33096924 PMCID: PMC7589167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapy for the treatment of various tumors, is clinically limited due to its extensive nephrotoxicity. Inflammatory response in tubular cells is a driving force for cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The plant-derived agents are widely used to relieve cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction in preclinical studies. Polysulfide and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are ubiquitously expressed in garlic, and both of them are documented as potential agents for preventing and treating inflammatory disorders. This study was designed to determine whether polysulfide and H2S could attenuate cisplatin nephrotoxicity through suppression of inflammatory factors. In renal proximal tubular cells, we found that sodium tetrasulfide (Na2S4), a polysulfide donor, and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and GYY4137, two H2S donors, ameliorated cisplatin-caused renal toxicity through suppression of the massive production of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Mechanistically, the anti-inflammatory actions of Na2S4 and H2S may be mediated by persulfidation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and inhibitor kappa B kinase β (IKKβ), followed by decreased phosphorylation of STAT3 and IKKβ. Moreover, the nuclear translocation of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB), and phosphorylation and degradation of nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor protein alpha (IκBα) induced by cisplatin, were also mitigated by both polysulfide and H2S. In mice, after treatment with polysulfide and H2S donors, cisplatin-associated renal dysfunction was strikingly ameliorated, as evidenced by measurement of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, renal morphology, and the expression of renal inflammatory factors. Our present work suggests that polysulfide and H2S could afford protection against cisplatin nephrotoxicity, possibly via persulfidating STAT3 and IKKβ and inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory cascade. Our results might shed light on the potential benefits of garlic-derived polysulfide and H2S in chemotherapy-induced renal damage.
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22
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Licznerska B, Szaefer H, Krajka-Kuźniak V. R-sulforaphane modulates the expression profile of AhR, ERα, Nrf2, NQO1, and GSTP in human breast cell lines. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:525-533. [PMID: 33064289 PMCID: PMC7873118 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed remarkable differences in the effect of R-sulforaphane (R-SFN) on the expression of CYPs 19, 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 in ER(+) MCF7, ER( −) MDA-MB-231, and non-tumorigenic immortalized MCF10A (8). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of R-SFN on phase II enzymes induction and expression of AhR, Nrf2, and ERα in the same breast cell lines. The results showed increased expression of GSTP as a result of treatment with R-SFN in breast cancer cells. An increased NQO1 transcript and protein levels were found in all breast cells, with the most significant increase in MCF7 cells. Similarly, the enhancement of Nrf2 expression was noticed in all tested cells. AhR gene transcript and protein were decreased in MCF7 cells. In MDA-MB-231, increased AhR mRNA was not confirmed at the protein level. No differences were found in the expression of ERα. Overall, the results of the present study extended our earlier suggestions on the possible interference of R-SFN with estrogens homeostasis in breast cancer cells differing in ERα status, as well as in non-tumorigenic immortalized breast epithelial cells. While some of R-SFN effects might be beneficial and useful in breast cancer prevention, the others, particularly GSTP induction, may lead to adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Licznerska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Hanna Szaefer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Ryu YS, Shin S, An HG, Kwon TU, Baek HS, Kwon YJ, Chun YJ. Synergistic Induction of Apoptosis by the Combination of an Axl Inhibitor and Auranofin in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:473-481. [PMID: 32536618 PMCID: PMC7457171 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Axl receptor tyrosine kinase has been implicated in cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis in various cancer types. Axl overexpression has been observed in many cancers, and selective inhibitors of Axl, including R428, may be promising therapeutic agents for several human cancers, such as breast, lung, and pancreatic cancers. Here, we examined the cell growth inhibition mediated by R428 and auranofin individually as well as in combination in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 to identify new advanced combination treatments for human breast cancer. Our data showed that combination therapy with R428 and auranofin markedly inhibited cancer cell proliferation. Isobologram analyses of these cells indicated a clear synergism between R428 and auranofin with a combination index value of 0.73. The combination treatment promoted apoptosis as indicated by caspase 3 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Cancer cell migration was also significantly inhibited by this combination treatment. Moreover, we found that combination therapy significantly increased the expression level of Bax, a mitochondrial proapoptotic factor, but decreased that of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein. Furthermore, the suppression of cell viability and induction of Bax expression by the combination treatment were recovered by treatment with N-acetylcysteine. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that combined treatment with R428 and auranofin synergistically induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells and may thus serve as a novel and valuable approach for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Sang Ryu
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyun Shin
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyu An
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Uk Kwon
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Seok Baek
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jung Kwon
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Activation of the Nrf2 response by oleanolic acid oxime morpholide (3-hydroxyiminoolean-12-en-28-oic acid morpholide) is associated with its ability to induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in HepG2 hepatoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173307. [PMID: 32668287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that new oleanolic acid oxime (OAO) derivatives and their conjugates with aspirin (ASP) inhibit NF-κB activation. Evidence exists that the downregulation of NF-κB negatively interferes with the Nrf2 signaling pathway. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of these compounds on Nrf2 activation and its cellular consequences in human hepatoma HepG2 cells and immortalized normal hepatocytes THLE-2. The results showed the enhanced activation and expression of Nrf2 as a result of treatment with OAO derivatives themselves and to less extent by their ASP conjugates, mainly in HepG2 cells. The association between cytotoxicity evaluated in our previous study and Nrf2 activation was observed. In this regard, compounds (18) with morpholide substituent at the C-17 position of OAO molecule and (12) with methyl ester substituent at the same position of OAO molecule to the most extent activated Nrf2 and subsequently cell cycle arrest at G2/M, leading to increased apoptosis and the number of resting HepG2 cells. The derivative of OAO (18) substituted with ASP (19) also affected Nrf2 activation and expression, but this effect was less pronounced in comparison with non-conjugated OAO. However, conjugation enhanced Nrf2 activation in normal THLE-2 cells. These results confirmed our earlier suggestion that OAO derivatives conjugated with ASP have the potential for application in the liver cancer chemoprevention. OAO themselves, particularly OAO substituted with morpholide, may be considered therapeutic agents, which may support conventional treatment strategy. Further studies are required to confirm this suggestion.
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Narayanan D, Ma S, Özcelik D. Targeting the Redox Landscape in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071706. [PMID: 32605023 PMCID: PMC7407119 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced predominantly by the mitochondrial electron transport chain and by NADPH oxidases in peroxisomes and in the endoplasmic reticulum. The antioxidative defense counters overproduction of ROS with detoxifying enzymes and molecular scavengers, for instance, superoxide dismutase and glutathione, in order to restore redox homeostasis. Mutations in the redox landscape can induce carcinogenesis, whereas increased ROS production can perpetuate cancer development. Moreover, cancer cells can increase production of antioxidants, leading to resistance against chemo- or radiotherapy. Research has been developing pharmaceuticals to target the redox landscape in cancer. For instance, inhibition of key players in the redox landscape aims to modulate ROS production in order to prevent tumor development or to sensitize cancer cells in radiotherapy. Besides the redox landscape of a single cell, alternative strategies take aim at the multi-cellular level. Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, are crucial for the development of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, and hence are explored as target and as drug delivery systems in cancer therapy. This review summarizes the current pharmaceutical and experimental interventions of the cancer redox landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Narayanan
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Sana Ma
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Dennis Özcelik
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.N.); (S.M.)
- current address: Chemistry | Biology | Pharmacy Information Center, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 via the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling system regulates the transcription and subsequent expression of cellular cytoprotective proteins and plays a crucial role in preventing pathological conditions exacerbated by the overproduction of oxidative stress. In addition to electrophilic modulators, direct non-covalent inhibitors that interrupt the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) leading to Nrf2 activation have attracted a great deal of attention as potential preventive and therapeutic agents for oxidative stress-related diseases. Structural studies of Keap1-binding ligands, development of biochemical and cellular assays, and new structure-based design approaches have facilitated the discovery of small molecule PPI inhibitors. This perspective reviews the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE system, its physiological functions, and the recent progress in the discovery and the potential applications of direct inhibitors of Keap1-Nrf2 PPI.
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Michaličková D, Hrnčíř T, Canová NK, Slanař O. Targeting Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 873:172973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Krajka-Kuźniak V, Cykowiak M, Szaefer H, Kleszcz R, Baer-Dubowska W. Combination of xanthohumol and phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits NF-κB and activates Nrf2 in pancreatic cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104799. [PMID: 32070777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals such as phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), indole-3-carbinol (I3C), xanthohumol (XAN), and resveratrol (RES) have been shown to target signaling pathways that are involved in the proliferation and survival of different pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines. While the activity of these compounds alone was extensively studied, their combinations were never assessed. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of PEITC, I3C, XAN, and RES and their combinations on the expression and activation of NF-κB and Nrf2 in human PC cell line PANC-1. The combination of XAN and PEITC was more efficient than the single compounds in reducing the binding of NF-κB p65 subunits to DNA by 47-60% and expression of p65 gene by 28-48%. The combination of XAN and PEITC also enhanced the activation and expression of Nrf2 and subsequently the expression of GSTP, NQO1, and SOD genes which are controlled by this transcription factor. Modulation of the activity of NF-κB and Nrf2 by the combination of XAN and PEITC was found to lead to reduced proliferation of PANC-1 cells. These results suggest that the combination of XAN and PEITC might be considered as a novel strategy for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marta Cykowiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Szaefer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Robert Kleszcz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wanda Baer-Dubowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Milković L, Tomljanović M, Čipak Gašparović A, Novak Kujundžić R, Šimunić D, Konjevoda P, Mojzeš A, Đaković N, Žarković N, Gall Trošelj K. Nutritional Stress in Head and Neck Cancer Originating Cell Lines: The Sensitivity of the NRF2-NQO1 Axis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091001. [PMID: 31470592 PMCID: PMC6769674 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional stress disturbs the cellular redox-status, which is characterized by the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The NRF2-NQO1 axis represents a protective mechanism against ROS. Its strength is cell type-specific. FaDu, Cal 27 and Detroit 562 cells differ with respect to basal NQO1 activity. These cells were grown for 48 hours in nutritional conditions (NC): (a) Low glucose-NC2, (b) no glucose, no glutamine-NC3, (c) no glucose with glutamine-NC4. After determining the viability, proliferation and ROS generation, NC2 and NC3 were chosen for further exploration. These conditions were also applied to IMR-90 fibroblasts. The transcripts/transcript variants of NRF2 and NQO1 were quantified and transcript variants were characterized. The proteins (NRF2, NQO1 and TP53) were analyzed by a western blot in both cellular fractions. Under NC2, the NRF2-NQO1 axis did not appear activated in the cancer cell lines. Under NC3, the NRF2-NQO1axis appeared slightly activated in Detroit 562. There are opposite trends with respect to TP53 nuclear signal when comparing Cal 27 and Detroit 562 to FaDu, under NC2 and NC3. The strong activation of the NRF2-NQO1 axis in IMR-90 resulted in an increased expression of catalytically deficient NQO1, due to NQO1*2/*2 polymorphism (rs1800566). The presented results call for a comprehensive exploration of the stress response in complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Milković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Tomljanović
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Čipak Gašparović
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Renata Novak Kujundžić
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dina Šimunić
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paško Konjevoda
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Mojzeš
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Đaković
- University Hospital Centre Sisters of Charity, Institute for Clinical Medical Research and Education, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Žarković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Koraljka Gall Trošelj
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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30
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Jagust P, de Luxán-Delgado B, Parejo-Alonso B, Sancho P. Metabolism-Based Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:203. [PMID: 30967773 PMCID: PMC6438930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer heterogeneity constitutes the major source of disease progression and therapy failure. Tumors comprise functionally diverse subpopulations, with cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the source of this heterogeneity. Since these cells bear in vivo tumorigenicity and metastatic potential, survive chemotherapy and drive relapse, its elimination may be the only way to achieve long-term survival in patients. Thanks to the great advances in the field over the last few years, we know now that cellular metabolism and stemness are highly intertwined in normal development and cancer. Indeed, CSCs show distinct metabolic features as compared with their more differentiated progenies, though their dominant metabolic phenotype varies across tumor entities, patients and even subclones within a tumor. Following initial works focused on glucose metabolism, current studies have unveiled particularities of CSC metabolism in terms of redox state, lipid metabolism and use of alternative fuels, such as amino acids or ketone bodies. In this review, we describe the different metabolic phenotypes attributed to CSCs with special focus on metabolism-based therapeutic strategies tested in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Jagust
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz de Luxán-Delgado
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Parejo-Alonso
- Traslational Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patricia Sancho
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Traslational Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
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31
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Kretschmer N, Deutsch A, Durchschein C, Rinner B, Stallinger A, Higareda-Almaraz JC, Scheideler M, Lohberger B, Bauer R. Comparative Gene Expression Analysis in WM164 Melanoma Cells Revealed That β- β-Dimethylacrylshikonin Leads to ROS Generation, Loss of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, and Autophagy Induction. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112823. [PMID: 30380804 PMCID: PMC6278572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is currently diagnosed as one in every three cancers. Melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, is responsible for 79% of skin cancer deaths and the incidence is rising faster than in any other solid tumor type. Previously, we have demonstrated that dimethylacrylshikonin (DMAS), isolated from the roots of Onosma paniculata (Boraginaceae), exhibited the lowest IC50 values against different tumor types out of several isolated shikonin derivatives. DMAS was especially cytotoxic towards melanoma cells and led to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In this study, we performed a comprehensive gene expression study to investigate the mechanism of action in more detail. Gene expression signature was compared to vehicle-treated WM164 control cells after 24 h of DMAS treatment; where 1192 distinct mRNAs could be identified as expressed in all replicates and 89 were at least 2-fold differentially expressed. DMAS favored catabolic processes and led in particular to p62 increase which is involved in cell growth, survival, and autophagy. More in-depth experiments revealed that DMAS led to autophagy, ROS generation, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in different melanoma cells. It has been reported that the induction of an autophagic cell death represents a highly effective approach in melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kretschmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Alexander Deutsch
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christin Durchschein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Beate Rinner
- Department for Biomedical Research, Medical University Graz, Roseggerweg 48, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Alexander Stallinger
- Department for Biomedical Research, Medical University Graz, Roseggerweg 48, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Juan Carlos Higareda-Almaraz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Marcel Scheideler
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Ferrándiz ML, Nacher-Juan J, Alcaraz MJ. Nrf2 as a therapeutic target for rheumatic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 152:338-346. [PMID: 29660314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of cellular protective processes. Rheumatic diseases are chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, pain, tissue damage and limitations in function. Main examples are rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Their high prevalence constitutes a major health problem with an important social and economic impact. A wide range of evidence indicates that Nrf2 may control different mechanisms involved in the physiopathology of rheumatic conditions. Therefore, the appropriate expression and balance of Nrf2 is necessary for regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, immune responses, and cartilage and bone metabolism. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 deficiency aggravates the disease in experimental models while Nrf2 activation results in immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. These reports reinforce the increasing interest in the pharmacologic regulation of Nrf2 and its potential applications. Nevertheless, a majority of Nrf2 inducers are electrophilic molecules which may present off-target effects. In recent years, novel strategies have been sought to modulate the Nrf2 pathway which has emerged as a therapeutic target in rheumatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Ferrándiz
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Josep Nacher-Juan
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maria José Alcaraz
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.
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33
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Resveratrol-Induced Downregulation of NAF-1 Enhances the Sensitivity of Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Gemcitabine via the ROS/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9482018. [PMID: 29765509 PMCID: PMC5885341 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9482018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
NAF-1 (nutrient-deprivation autophagy factor-1), which is an outer mitochondrial membrane protein, is known to play important roles in calcium metabolism, antiapoptosis, and antiautophagy. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, is considered as a potent anticancer agent. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of resveratrol and NAF-1 and their mediation of drug resistance in pancreatic cancer remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that resveratrol suppresses the expression of NAF-1 in pancreatic cancer cells by inducing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and activating Nrf2 signaling. In addition, the knockdown of NAF-1 activates apoptosis and impedes the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. More importantly, the targeting of NAF-1 by resveratrol can improve the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. These results highlight the significance of strategies that target NAF-1, which may enhance the efficacy of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Khurana N, Kim H, Chandra PK, Talwar S, Sharma P, Abdel-Mageed AB, Sikka SC, Mondal D. Multimodal actions of the phytochemical sulforaphane suppress both AR and AR-V7 in 22Rv1 cells: Advocating a potent pharmaceutical combination against castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2774-2786. [PMID: 28901514 PMCID: PMC5780030 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) cells expressing full-length androgen receptor (AR-FL) are susceptible to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, outgrowth of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) can occur due to the expression of constitutively active (ligand-independent) AR splice variants, particularly AR-V7. We previously demonstrated that sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate phytochemical, can decrease AR-FL levels in the PCa cell lines, LNCaP and C4-2B. Here, we examined the efficacy of SFN in targeting both AR-FL and AR-V7 in the CRPC cell line, CWR22Rv1 (22Rv1). MTT cell viability, wound-heal assay, and colony forming unit (CFU) measurements revealed that 22Rv1 cells are resistant to the anti-androgen, enzalutamide (ENZ). However, co-exposure to SFN sensitized these cells to the potent anticancer effects of ENZ (P<0.05). Immunoblot analyses showed that SFN (5–20 µM) rapidly decreases both AR-FL and AR-V7 levels, and immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) depicted decreased AR in both cytoplasm and nucleus with SFN treatment. SFN increased both ubiquitination and proteasomal activity in 22Rv1 cells. Studies using a protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide) or a proteasomal inhibitor (MG132) indicated that SFN increases both ubiquitin-mediated aggregation and subsequent proteasomal-degradation of AR proteins. Previous studies reported that SFN inhibits the chaperone activity of heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and induces the nuclear factor erythroid-2-like 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor. Therefore, we investigated whether the Hsp90 inhibitor, ganetespib (G) or the Nrf2 activator, bardoxolone methyl (BM) can similarly suppress AR levels in 22Rv1 cells. Low doses of G and BM, alone or in combination, decreased both AR-FL and AR-V7 levels, and combined exposure to G+BM sensitized 22Rv1 cells to ENZ. Therefore, adjunct treatment with the phytochemical SFN or a safe pharmaceutical combination of G+BM may be effective against CRPC cells, especially those expressing AR-V7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Khurana
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hogyoung Kim
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Partha K Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sudha Talwar
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Asim B Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Suresh C Sikka
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Debasis Mondal
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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35
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Milkovic L, Zarkovic N, Saso L. Controversy about pharmacological modulation of Nrf2 for cancer therapy. Redox Biol 2017; 12:727-732. [PMID: 28411557 PMCID: PMC5393166 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional anticancer therapies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapies are associated with oxidative stress generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive aldehydes like 4-hydroxynonenal in cancer cells that govern them to die. The main mechanism activated due to exposure of the cell to these reactive species is the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. Although Nrf2 was firstly perceived as a tumor suppressor that inhibits tumor initiation and cancer metastasis, more recent data reveal its role also as a pro-oncogenic factor. Discovery of the upregulation of Nrf2 in different types of cancer supports such undesirable pathophysiological roles of Nrf2. The upregulation of Nrf2 leads to activation of cytoprotective genes thus helping malignant cells to withstand high levels of ROS and to avoid apoptosis, eventually becoming resistant to conventional anticancer therapy. Therefore, new treatment strategies are needed for eradication of cancer and in this review, we will explore two opposing approaches for modulation of Nrf2 in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Milkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, LabOS, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, LabOS, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Tan SWS, Lee QY, Wong BSE, Cai Y, Baeg GH. Redox Homeostasis Plays Important Roles in the Maintenance of the Drosophila Testis Germline Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:342-354. [PMID: 28669604 PMCID: PMC5511110 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress influences stem cell behavior by promoting the differentiation, proliferation, or apoptosis of stem cells. Thus, characterizing the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on stem cell behavior provides insights into the significance of redox homeostasis in stem cell-associated diseases and efficient stem cell expansion for cellular therapies. We utilized the Drosophila testis as an in vivo model to examine the effects of ROS on germline stem cell (GSC) maintenance. High levels of ROS induced by alteration in Keap1/Nrf2 activity decreased GSC number by promoting precocious GSC differentiation. Notably, high ROS enhanced the transcription of the EGFR ligand spitz and the expression of phospho-Erk1/2, suggesting that high ROS-mediated GSC differentiation is through EGFR signaling. By contrast, testes with low ROS caused by Keap1 inhibition or antioxidant treatment showed an overgrowth of GSC-like cells. These findings suggest that redox homeostasis regulated by Keap1/Nrf2 signaling plays important roles in GSC maintenance. Germline stem cell homeostasis in the Drosophila testis is susceptible to ROS levels Oxidative stress decreases germline stem cell number by promoting differentiation EGFR signaling is involved in precocious GSC differentiation caused by high ROS levels Low levels of ROS can promote a growth of germline stem cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wui Sing Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD10, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore 117594, Singapore
| | - Qian Ying Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD10, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore 117594, Singapore
| | - Belinda Shu Ee Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD10, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore 117594, Singapore
| | - Yu Cai
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Gyeong Hun Baeg
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD10, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore 117594, Singapore.
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Taguchi K, Yamamoto M. The KEAP1-NRF2 System in Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:85. [PMID: 28523248 PMCID: PMC5415577 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells first adapt to the microenvironment and then propagate. Mutations in tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes are frequently found in cancer cells. Comprehensive genomic analyses have identified somatic mutations and other alterations in the KEAP1 or NRF2 genes and in well-known tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, such as TP53, CDKN2A, PTEN, and PIK3CA, in various types of cancer. Aberrant NRF2 activation in cancer cells occurs through somatic mutations in the KEAP1 or NRF2 gene as well as through other mechanisms that disrupt the binding of KEAP1 to NRF2. Unregulated NRF2 confers on cancer cells high-level resistance to anticancer drugs and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and directs cancer cells toward metabolic reprogramming. Therefore, NRF2 has been studied as a therapeutic target molecule in cancer. Two strategies have been used to target NRF2 via therapeutic drugs: inhibition of NRF2 and induction of NRF2. NRF2 inhibitors may be effective against NRF2-addicted cancer cells in which NRF2 is aberrantly activated. These inhibitors have not yet been established as NRF2-targeted anticancer drugs for the treatment of human cancers. Diagnosis of NRF2 activation could facilitate the use of NRF2 inhibitors for the treatment of patients with NRF2-addicted cancers. Conversely, NRF2 inducers have been used or are being developed for non-cancer diseases. In addition, NRF2 inducers may be useful for cancer chemotherapy in combination with conventional anticancer agents or even NRF2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Taguchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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McGovern-Gooch KR, Mahajani NS, Garagozzo A, Schramm AJ, Hannah LG, Sieburg MA, Chisholm JD, Hougland JL. Synthetic Triterpenoid Inhibition of Human Ghrelin O-Acyltransferase: The Involvement of a Functionally Required Cysteine Provides Mechanistic Insight into Ghrelin Acylation. Biochemistry 2017; 56:919-931. [PMID: 28134508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The peptide hormone ghrelin plays a key role in regulating hunger and energy balance within the body. Ghrelin signaling presents a promising and unexploited target for development of small molecule therapeutics for treatment of obesity, diabetes, and other health conditions. Inhibition of ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT), which catalyzes an essential octanoylation step in ghrelin maturation, offers a potential avenue for controlling ghrelin signaling. Through screening a small molecule library, we have identified a class of synthetic triterpenoids that efficiently inhibit ghrelin acylation by the human isoform of GOAT (hGOAT). These compounds function as covalent reversible inhibitors of hGOAT, providing the first evidence of the involvement of a nucleophilic cysteine residue in substrate acylation by a MBOAT family acyltransferase. Surprisingly, the mouse form of GOAT does not exhibit susceptibility to cysteine-modifying electrophiles, revealing an important distinction in the activity and behavior between these closely related GOAT isoforms. This study establishes these compounds as potent small molecule inhibitors of ghrelin acylation and provides a foundation for the development of novel hGOAT inhibitors as therapeutics targeting diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nivedita S Mahajani
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Ariana Garagozzo
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Anthony J Schramm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Lauren G Hannah
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Michelle A Sieburg
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - James L Hougland
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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