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Fernandes SG, Ferreira LGA, Benham AM, Avellar MCW. Epididymal mRNA expression profiles for the protein disulfide isomerase gene family: Modulation by development and androgens. Andrology 2024. [PMID: 39087751 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the central hub for protein quality control, where the protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), encoded by at least 21 genes, play a pivotal role. These multifunctional proteins contribute to disulfide bond formation, proper folding, and protein modifications, and may act as hormone-binding proteins (e.g., steroids), influencing hormone biology. The interplay between ER proteostasis, PDIs, and epididymis-a crucial site for sperm maturation-remains largely understudied. OBJECTIVES This study characterizes transcriptional signatures of Pdi genes in the epididymis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Transcriptional profiles of selected Pdi genes were assessed in adult Wistar rat tissues, and epididymis under different experimental conditions (developmental stages, surgical castration, and efferent ductules ligation [EDL]). In silico bioinformatic analyses identified expression trends of this gene family in human epididymal segments. RESULTS P4hb, Pdia3, Pdia5, Pdia6, Erp44, Erp29, and Casq1 transcripts were detected in both reproductive and non-reproductive tissues, while Casq2 exhibited higher abundance in vas deferens, prostate, and heart. Pdilt, highly expressed in testis, and Pdia2, highly expressed in heart, showed minimal mRNA levels in the epididymis. In the mesonephric duct, epididymal embryonic precursor, P4hb, Pdia3, Pdia5, Pdia6, and Erp29 mRNAs were found at gestational day (GD) 17.5. Except for Erp29, which remained stable, these Pdi transcript levels increased from GD17.5 to GD20.5, when epididymal morphogenesis occurs, and were maintained to varying degrees in the epididymis during postnatal development. Surgical castration downregulated P4hb, Pdia3, Pdia5, Pdia6, Pdilt and Erp29 transcripts, an effect reversed by testosterone replacement. Conversely, transcript levels remained unaffected by EDL, except P4hb, which was reduced in caput epididymis. All 21 PDI genes exhibited diverse transcriptional profiles across the human epididymis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The findings lay the foundations to explore Pdi genes in epididymal biology. As a considerable proportion of male infertility cases are idiopathic, targeting hormonal regulation of protein quality control in epididymis represents a route to address male infertility and advance therapeutic interventions in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Fernandes
- Laboratory of Molecular, Endocrine and Reproductive Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas G A Ferreira
- Laboratory of Molecular, Endocrine and Reproductive Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adam M Benham
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Maria Christina W Avellar
- Laboratory of Molecular, Endocrine and Reproductive Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Kashobwe L, Sadrabadi F, Braeuning A, Leonards PEG, Buhrke T, Hamers T. In vitro screening of understudied PFAS with a focus on lipid metabolism disruption. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03814-2. [PMID: 38953992 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are man-made chemicals used in many industrial applications. Exposure to PFAS is associated with several health risks, including a decrease in infant birth weight, hepatoxicity, disruption of lipid metabolism, and decreased immune response. We used the in vitro cell models to screen six less studied PFAS [perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA), 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA), and 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (8:2 FTSA)] for their capacity to activate nuclear receptors and to cause differential expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Cytotoxicity assays were run in parallel to exclude that observed differential gene expression was due to cytotoxicity. Based on the cytotoxicity assays and gene expression studies, PFOSA was shown to be more potent than other tested PFAS. PFOSA decreased the gene expression of crucial genes involved in bile acid synthesis and detoxification, cholesterol synthesis, bile acid and cholesterol transport, and lipid metabolism regulation. Except for 6:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTSA, all tested PFAS downregulated PPARA gene expression. The reporter gene assay also showed that 8:2 FTSA transactivated the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Based on this study, PFOSA, 6:2 FTSA, and 8:2 FTSA were prioritized for further studies to confirm and understand their possible effects on hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lackson Kashobwe
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Faezeh Sadrabadi
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pim E G Leonards
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thorsten Buhrke
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Hamers
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Tabe-Bordbar S, Song YJ, Lunt BJ, Alavi Z, Prasanth KV, Sinha S. Mechanistic analysis of enhancer sequences in the estrogen receptor transcriptional program. Commun Biol 2024; 7:719. [PMID: 38862711 PMCID: PMC11167054 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) is a major lineage determining transcription factor (TF) in mammary gland development. Dysregulation of ERα-mediated transcriptional program results in cancer. Transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of breast cancer cell lines has revealed large numbers of enhancers involved in this regulatory program, but how these enhancers encode function in their sequence remains poorly understood. A subset of ERα-bound enhancers are transcribed into short bidirectional RNA (enhancer RNA or eRNA), and this property is believed to be a reliable marker of active enhancers. We therefore analyze thousands of ERα-bound enhancers and build quantitative, mechanism-aware models to discriminate eRNAs from non-transcribing enhancers based on their sequence. Our thermodynamics-based models provide insights into the roles of specific TFs in ERα-mediated transcriptional program, many of which are supported by the literature. We use in silico perturbations to predict TF-enhancer regulatory relationships and integrate these findings with experimentally determined enhancer-promoter interactions to construct a gene regulatory network. We also demonstrate that the model can prioritize breast cancer-related sequence variants while providing mechanistic explanations for their function. Finally, we experimentally validate the model-proposed mechanisms underlying three such variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Tabe-Bordbar
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - You Jin Song
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bryan J Lunt
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zahra Alavi
- Department of Physics, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kannanganattu V Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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4
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Jungwirth E, Panzitt K, Marschall HU, Thallinger GG, Wagner M. Meta-analysis and Consolidation of Farnesoid X Receptor Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Data Across Different Species and Conditions. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1721-1736. [PMID: 34558825 PMCID: PMC8485886 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor that controls gene regulation of different metabolic pathways and represents an upcoming drug target for various liver diseases. Several data sets on genome-wide FXR binding in different species and conditions exist. We have previously reported that these data sets are heterogeneous and do not cover the full spectrum of potential FXR binding sites. Here, we report the first meta-analysis of all publicly available FXR chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data sets from mouse, rat, and human across different conditions using a newly generated analysis pipeline. All publicly available single data sets were biocurated in a standardized manner and compared on every relevant level from raw reads to affected functional pathways. Individual murine data sets were then virtually merged into a single unique "FXR binding atlas" spanning all potential binding sites across various conditions. Comparison of the single biocurated data sets showed that the overlap of FXR binding sites between different species is modest and ranges from 48% (mouse-human) to 55% (mouse-rat). Moreover, in vivo data among different species are more similar than human in vivo data compared to human in vitro data. The consolidated murine global FXR binding atlas virtually increases sequencing depth and allows recovering more and novel potential binding sites and signaling pathways that were missed in the individual data sets. The FXR binding atlas is publicly searchable (https://fxratlas.tugraz.at). Conclusion: Published single FXR ChIP-seq data sets and large-scale integrated omics data sets do not cover the full spectrum of FXR binding. Combining different individual data sets and creating an "FXR super-binding atlas" enhances understanding of FXR signaling capacities across different conditions. This is important when considering the potential wide spectrum for drugs targeting FXR in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilian Jungwirth
- Research Unit for Translational Nuclear Receptor ResearchDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMedical University GrazGrazAustria.,Institute of Biomedical InformaticsGraz University of TechnologyGrazAustria.,OMICS Center GrazGrazAustria.,BioTechMed-GrazGrazAustria
| | - Katrin Panzitt
- Research Unit for Translational Nuclear Receptor ResearchDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMedical University GrazGrazAustria
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg LaboratorySahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Gerhard G Thallinger
- Institute of Biomedical InformaticsGraz University of TechnologyGrazAustria.,OMICS Center GrazGrazAustria.,BioTechMed-GrazGrazAustria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Research Unit for Translational Nuclear Receptor ResearchDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMedical University GrazGrazAustria.,OMICS Center GrazGrazAustria.,BioTechMed-GrazGrazAustria
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5
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Transcriptome and Methylome Analysis Reveal Complex Cross-Talks between Thyroid Hormone and Glucocorticoid Signaling at Xenopus Metamorphosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092375. [PMID: 34572025 PMCID: PMC8468809 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Most work in endocrinology focus on the action of a single hormone, and very little on the cross-talks between two hormones. Here we characterize the nature of interactions between thyroid hormone and glucocorticoid signaling during Xenopus tropicalis metamorphosis. Methods: We used functional genomics to derive genome wide profiles of methylated DNA and measured changes of gene expression after hormonal treatments of a highly responsive tissue, tailfin. Clustering classified the data into four types of biological responses, and biological networks were modeled by system biology. Results: We found that gene expression is mostly regulated by either T3 or CORT, or their additive effect when they both regulate the same genes. A small but non-negligible fraction of genes (12%) displayed non-trivial regulations indicative of complex interactions between the signaling pathways. Strikingly, DNA methylation changes display the opposite and are dominated by cross-talks. Conclusion: Cross-talks between thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids are more complex than initially envisioned and are not limited to the simple addition of their individual effects, a statement that can be summarized with the pseudo-equation: TH ∙ GC > TH + GC. DNA methylation changes are highly dynamic and buffered from genome expression.
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6
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Nuclear expression of VDR and AHR is mutually exclusive in glandular cells in endometriosis. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:391-399. [PMID: 34155552 PMCID: PMC8550147 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) are two nuclear receptors that exert their effects by binding with ligands and forming a molecular complex. These complexes translocate to the nucleus and activate the expression of a series of genes which have a response element to VDR or AHR. Both receptors have been identified in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, a common disease characterized by the formation of endometrium-like tissue in ectopic zones. Despite numerous therapies, there is no definitive cure for endometriosis at the pharmacological level. Our study aims to describe the location and the expression of VDR and AHR at the protein level. For this purpose, an evaluation was performed using tissue from the three normal phases of the endometrium (proliferative, early, and late secretory) and in endometriosis by immunohistochemistry, using anti-VDR and anti-AHR antibodies. We demonstrate that in the nuclei of glandular cells in endometriosis, the expression of VDR and AHR is mutually exclusive—when the expression of one receptor is high, the other one is low—suggesting a possible target in the treatment of endometriosis. We also identify a significant change in the expression of glandular cytoplasmic AHR between the proliferative and late secretory endometrium.
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7
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Ishigami-Yuasa M, Kagechika H. Chemical Screening of Nuclear Receptor Modulators. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5512. [PMID: 32752136 PMCID: PMC7432305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are ligand-inducible transcriptional factors that control multiple biological phenomena, including proliferation, differentiation, reproduction, metabolism, and the maintenance of homeostasis. Members of the nuclear receptor superfamily have marked structural and functional similarities, and their domain functionalities and regulatory mechanisms have been well studied. Various modulators of nuclear receptors, including agonists and antagonists, have been developed as tools for elucidating nuclear receptor functions and also as drug candidates or lead compounds. Many assay systems are currently available to evaluate the modulation of nuclear receptor functions, and are useful as screening tools in the discovery and development of new modulators. In this review, we cover the chemical screening methods for nuclear receptor modulators, focusing on assay methods and chemical libraries for screening. We include some recent examples of the discovery of nuclear receptor modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan;
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8
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Adam AHB, de Haan LHJ, Estruch IM, Hooiveld GJEJ, Louisse J, Rietjens IMCM. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-mediated coregulator binding and gene expression discriminates the toxic ERα agonist diethylstilbestrol (DES) from the endogenous ERα agonist 17β-estradiol (E2). Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 36:417-435. [PMID: 32088792 PMCID: PMC7505815 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic estrogen and proven human teratogen and carcinogen reported to act via the estrogen receptor α (ERα). Since the endogenous ERα ligand 17β-estradiol (E2) does not show these adverse effects to a similar extent, we hypothesized that DES' interaction with the ERα differs from that of E2. The current study aimed to investigate possible differences between DES and E2 using in vitro assays that detect ERα-mediated effects, including ERα-mediated reporter gene expression, ERα-mediated breast cancer cell (T47D) proliferation and ERα-coregulator interactions and gene expression in T47D cells. Results obtained indicate that DES and E2 activate ERα-mediated reporter gene transcription and T47D cell proliferation in a similar way. However, significant differences between DES- and E2-induced binding of the ERα to 15 coregulator motifs and in transcriptomic signatures obtained in the T47D cells were observed. It is concluded that differences observed in binding of the ERα with several co-repressor motifs, in downregulation of genes involved in histone deacetylation and DNA methylation and in upregulation of CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 contribute to the differential effects reported for DES and E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza Hussein Bakheit Adam
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura H J de Haan
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Miro Estruch
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Jakaria M, Haque ME, Cho DY, Azam S, Kim IS, Choi DK. Molecular Insights into NR4A2(Nurr1): an Emerging Target for Neuroprotective Therapy Against Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Cell Death. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5799-5814. [PMID: 30684217 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
NR4A2 is a nuclear receptor and a transcription factor, with distinctive physiological features. In the cell nuclei of the central nervous system, it is widely expressed and identified as a crucial regulator of dopaminergic (DA) neuronal differentiation, survival, and maintenance. Importantly, it has regulated different genes crucial for dopaminergic signals, and its expression has been diminished in both aged and PD post-mortem brains and reduced in PD patients. In microglia and astrocytes, the expression of NR4A2 has been found where it can be capable of inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory mediators; hence, it protected inflammation-mediated DA neuronal death. In addition, NR4A2 plays neuroprotective role via regulating different signals. However, NR4A2 has been mainly focused on Parkinson's research, but, in recent times, it has been studied in Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and stroke. Altered expression of NR4A2 is connected to AD progression, and activation of its may improve cognitive function. It is downregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients; nonetheless, its role in MS has not been fully clear. miR-145-5p known as a putative regulator of NR4A2 and in a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion model, anti-miR-145-5p administration promoted neurological outcomes in rat. To date, various activators and modulators of NR4A2 have been discovered and investigated as probable therapeutic drugs in neuroinflammatory and neuronal cell death models. The NR4A2 gene and cell-based therapy are described as promising drug candidates for neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, microRNA might have a crucial role in neurodegeneration via affecting NR4A2 expression. Herein, we present the role of NR4A2 in neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death focusing on neurodegenerative conditions and display NR4A2 as a promising therapeutic target for the therapy of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakaria
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Md Ezazul Haque
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Duk-Yeon Cho
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea.,Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences and Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea. .,Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences and Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea.
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10
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Kim S, Li A, Monti S, Schlezinger JJ. Tributyltin induces a transcriptional response without a brite adipocyte signature in adipocyte models. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2859-2874. [PMID: 30027469 DOI: 10.1101/328203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligand and founding member of the environmental obesogen chemical class, induces adipocyte differentiation and suppresses bone formation. A growing number of environmental PPARγ ligands are being identified. However, the potential for environmental PPARγ ligands to induce adverse metabolic effects has been questioned because PPARγ is a therapeutic target in treatment of type II diabetes. We evaluated the molecular consequences of TBT exposure during bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) differentiation in comparison to rosiglitazone, a therapeutic PPARγ ligand, and LG100268, a synthetic RXR ligand. Mouse primary BM-MSCs (female, C57BL/6J) undergoing bone differentiation were exposed to maximally efficacious and human relevant concentrations of rosiglitazone (100 nM), LG100268 (100 nM) or TBT (80 nM) for 4 days. Gene expression was assessed using microarrays, and in silico functional annotation was performed using pathway enrichment analysis approaches. Pathways related to osteogenesis were downregulated by all three ligands, while pathways related to adipogenesis were upregulated by rosiglitazone and TBT. However, pathways related to mitochondrial biogenesis and brown-in-white (brite) adipocyte differentiation were more significantly upregulated in rosiglitazone-treated than TBT-treated cells. The lack of induction of genes involved in adipocyte energy dissipation by TBT was confirmed by an independent gene expression analysis in BM-MSCs undergoing adipocyte differentiation and by analysis of a publically available 3T3 L1 data set. Furthermore, rosiglitazone, but not TBT, induced mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. This study is the first to show that an environmental PPARγ ligand has a limited capacity to induce health-promoting activities of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Amy Li
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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11
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Kim S, Li A, Monti S, Schlezinger JJ. Tributyltin induces a transcriptional response without a brite adipocyte signature in adipocyte models. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2859-2874. [PMID: 30027469 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligand and founding member of the environmental obesogen chemical class, induces adipocyte differentiation and suppresses bone formation. A growing number of environmental PPARγ ligands are being identified. However, the potential for environmental PPARγ ligands to induce adverse metabolic effects has been questioned because PPARγ is a therapeutic target in treatment of type II diabetes. We evaluated the molecular consequences of TBT exposure during bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) differentiation in comparison to rosiglitazone, a therapeutic PPARγ ligand, and LG100268, a synthetic RXR ligand. Mouse primary BM-MSCs (female, C57BL/6J) undergoing bone differentiation were exposed to maximally efficacious and human relevant concentrations of rosiglitazone (100 nM), LG100268 (100 nM) or TBT (80 nM) for 4 days. Gene expression was assessed using microarrays, and in silico functional annotation was performed using pathway enrichment analysis approaches. Pathways related to osteogenesis were downregulated by all three ligands, while pathways related to adipogenesis were upregulated by rosiglitazone and TBT. However, pathways related to mitochondrial biogenesis and brown-in-white (brite) adipocyte differentiation were more significantly upregulated in rosiglitazone-treated than TBT-treated cells. The lack of induction of genes involved in adipocyte energy dissipation by TBT was confirmed by an independent gene expression analysis in BM-MSCs undergoing adipocyte differentiation and by analysis of a publically available 3T3 L1 data set. Furthermore, rosiglitazone, but not TBT, induced mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. This study is the first to show that an environmental PPARγ ligand has a limited capacity to induce health-promoting activities of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Amy Li
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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12
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Dhiman VK, Bolt MJ, White KP. Nuclear receptors in cancer — uncovering new and evolving roles through genomic analysis. Nat Rev Genet 2017; 19:160-174. [DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Darlington YF, Naumov A, McOwiti A, Kankanamge WH, Becnel LB, McKenna NJ. Improving the discoverability, accessibility, and citability of omics datasets: a case report. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2017; 24:388-393. [PMID: 27413121 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocw096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although omics datasets represent valuable assets for hypothesis generation, model testing, and data validation, the infrastructure supporting their reuse lacks organization and consistency. Using nuclear receptor signaling transcriptomic datasets as proof of principle, we developed a model to improve the discoverability, accessibility, and citability of published omics datasets. Primary datasets were retrieved from archives, processed to extract data points, then subjected to metadata enrichment and gap filling. The resulting secondary datasets were exposed on responsive web pages to support mining of gene lists, discovery of related datasets, and single-click citation integration with popular reference managers. Automated processes were established to embed digital object identifier-driven links to the secondary datasets in associated journal articles, small molecule and gene-centric databases, and a dataset search engine. Our model creates multiple points of access to reprocessed and reannotated derivative datasets across the digital biomedical research ecosystem, promoting their visibility and usability across disparate research communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda F Darlington
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Biomedical Informatics Group, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexey Naumov
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Biomedical Informatics Group, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Apollo McOwiti
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Biomedical Informatics Group, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wasula H Kankanamge
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Biomedical Informatics Group, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren B Becnel
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Biomedical Informatics Group, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Neil J McKenna
- Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas Informatics Hub, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Becnel LB, Ochsner SA, Darlington YF, McOwiti A, Kankanamge WH, Dehart M, Naumov A, McKenna NJ. Discovering relationships between nuclear receptor signaling pathways, genes, and tissues in Transcriptomine. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/476/eaah6275. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah6275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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A FAIR-Based Approach to Enhancing the Discovery and Re-Use of Transcriptomic Data Assets for Nuclear Receptor Signaling Pathways. DATA SCIENCE JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5334/dsj-2017-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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A FAIR-Based Approach to Enhancing the Discovery and Re-Use of Transcriptomic Data Assets for Nuclear Receptor Signaling Pathways. DATA SCIENCE JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5334/dsj-2017-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ochsner SA, Tsimelzon A, Dong J, Coarfa C, McKenna NJ. Research Resource: A Reference Transcriptome for Constitutive Androstane Receptor and Pregnane X Receptor Xenobiotic Signaling. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:937-48. [PMID: 27409825 DOI: 10.1210/me.2016-1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) (PXR/NR1I3) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) (CAR/NR1I2) members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-regulated transcription factors are well-characterized mediators of xenobiotic and endocrine-disrupting chemical signaling. The Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas maintains a growing library of transcriptomic datasets involving perturbations of NR signaling pathways, many of which involve perturbations relevant to PXR and CAR xenobiotic signaling. Here, we generated a reference transcriptome based on the frequency of differential expression of genes across 159 experiments compiled from 22 datasets involving perturbations of CAR and PXR signaling pathways. In addition to the anticipated overrepresentation in the reference transcriptome of genes encoding components of the xenobiotic stress response, the ranking of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and gonadotropin action sheds mechanistic light on the suspected role of xenobiotics in metabolic syndrome and reproductive disorders. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that although acetaminophen, chlorpromazine, and phenobarbital impacted many similar gene sets, differences in direction of regulation were evident in a variety of processes. Strikingly, gene sets representing genes linked to Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Alzheimer's diseases were enriched in all 3 transcriptomes. The reference xenobiotic transcriptome will be supplemented with additional future datasets to provide the community with a continually updated reference transcriptomic dataset for CAR- and PXR-mediated xenobiotic signaling. Our study demonstrates how aggregating and annotating transcriptomic datasets, and making them available for routine data mining, facilitates research into the mechanisms by which xenobiotics and endocrine-disrupting chemicals subvert conventional NR signaling modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Ochsner
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.A.O., J.D., C.C., N.J.M.) and Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center (A.T.) and the Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas Informatics Group (S.A.O., N.J.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Anna Tsimelzon
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.A.O., J.D., C.C., N.J.M.) and Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center (A.T.) and the Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas Informatics Group (S.A.O., N.J.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jianrong Dong
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.A.O., J.D., C.C., N.J.M.) and Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center (A.T.) and the Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas Informatics Group (S.A.O., N.J.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.A.O., J.D., C.C., N.J.M.) and Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center (A.T.) and the Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas Informatics Group (S.A.O., N.J.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Neil J McKenna
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.A.O., J.D., C.C., N.J.M.) and Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center (A.T.) and the Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas Informatics Group (S.A.O., N.J.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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McKenna NJ. Research Resources for Nuclear Receptor Signaling Pathways. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:153-9. [PMID: 27216565 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.103713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor (NR) signaling pathways impact cellular function in a broad variety of tissues in both normal physiology and disease states. The complex tissue-specific biology of these pathways is an enduring impediment to the development of clinical NR small-molecule modulators that combine therapeutically desirable effects in specific target tissues with suppression of off-target effects in other tissues. Supporting the important primary research in this area is a variety of web-based resources that assist researchers in gaining an appreciation of the molecular determinants of the pharmacology of a NR pathway in a given tissue. In this study, selected representative examples of these tools are reviewed, along with discussions on how current and future generations of tools might optimally adapt to the future of NR signaling research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J McKenna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas Bioinformatics Resource, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Genomewide comparison of the inducible transcriptomes of nuclear receptors CAR, PXR and PPARα in primary human hepatocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:1218-1227. [PMID: 26994748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ligand-activated nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) are two master transcriptional regulators of many important drug metabolizing enzymes and transporter genes (DMET) in response to xenobiotics including many drugs. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα, NR1C1), the target of lipid lowering fibrate drugs, primarily regulates fatty acid catabolism and energy-homeostasis. Recent research has shown that there are substantial overlaps in the regulated genes of these receptors. For example, both CAR and PXR also modulate the transcription of key enzymes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and PPARα also functions as a direct transcriptional regulator of important DMET genes including cytochrome P450s CYP3A4 and CYP2C8. Despite their important and widespread influence on liver metabolism, comparative data are scarce, particularly at a global level and in humans. The major objective of this study was to directly compare the genome-wide transcriptional changes elucidated by the activation of these three nuclear receptors in primary human hepatocytes. Cultures from six individual donors were treated with the prototypical ligands for CAR (CITCO), PXR (rifampicin) and PPARα (WY14,643) or DMSO as vehicle control. Genomewide mRNA profiles determined with Affymetrix microarrays were analyzed for differentially expressed genes and metabolic functions. The results confirmed known prototype target genes and revealed strongly overlapping sets of coregulated but also distinctly regulated and novel responsive genes and pathways. The results further specify the role of PPARα as a regulator of drug metabolism and the role of the xenosensors PXR and CAR in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Xenobiotic nuclear receptors: New Tricks for An Old Dog, edited by Dr. Wen Xie.
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Southan C, Sharman JL, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Alexander SPH, Buneman OP, Davenport AP, McGrath JC, Peters JA, Spedding M, Catterall WA, Fabbro D, Davies JA. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:D1054-68. [PMID: 26464438 PMCID: PMC4702778 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 987] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY (GtoPdb, http://www.guidetopharmacology.org) provides expert-curated molecular interactions between successful and potential drugs and their targets in the human genome. Developed by the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) and the British Pharmacological Society (BPS), this resource, and its earlier incarnation as IUPHAR-DB, is described in our 2014 publication. This update incorporates changes over the intervening seven database releases. The unique model of content capture is based on established and new target class subcommittees collaborating with in-house curators. Most information comes from journal articles, but we now also index kinase cross-screening panels. Targets are specified by UniProtKB IDs. Small molecules are defined by PubChem Compound Identifiers (CIDs); ligand capture also includes peptides and clinical antibodies. We have extended the capture of ligands and targets linked via published quantitative binding data (e.g. Ki, IC50 or Kd). The resulting pharmacological relationship network now defines a data-supported druggable genome encompassing 7% of human proteins. The database also provides an expanded substrate for the biennially published compendium, the Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY. This article covers content increase, entity analysis, revised curation strategies, new website features and expanded download options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Southan
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Stephen P H Alexander
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - O Peter Buneman
- Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9LE, UK
| | | | - John C McGrath
- School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | | | - William A Catterall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7280, USA
| | | | - Jamie A Davies
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
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