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Nastuta AV, Asandulesa M, Spiridon I, Varganici CD, Huzum R, Mihaila I. Effects of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet on 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1848. [PMID: 38673204 PMCID: PMC11051423 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Polymers are essential in several sectors, yet some applications necessitate surface modification. One practical and eco-friendly option is non-thermal plasma exposure. The present research endeavors to examine the impacts of dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric pressure plasma on the chemical composition and wettability properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene surfaces subject to the action of additive manufacturing. The plasma source was produced by igniting either helium or argon and then adjusted to maximize the operational conditions for exposing polymers. The drop in contact angle and the improvement in wettability after plasma exposure can be due to the increased oxygen-containing groups onto the surface, together with a reduction in carbon content. The research findings indicated that plasma treatment significantly improved the wettability of the polymer surface, with an increase of up to 60% for both working gases, while the polar index increased from 0.01 up to 0.99 after plasma treatment. XPS measurements showed an increase of up to 10% in oxygen groups at the surface of He-plasma-treated samples and up to 13% after Ar-plasma treatment. Significant modifications were observed in the structure that led to a reduction of its roughness by 50% and also caused a leveling effect after plasma treatment. A slight decrease in the glass and melting temperature after plasma treatment was pointed out by differential scanning calorimetry and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Up to a 15% crystallinity index was determined after plasma treatment, and the 3D printing process was measured through X-ray diffraction. The empirical findings encourage the implementation of atmospheric pressure plasma-based techniques for the environmentally sustainable manipulation of polymers for applications necessitating higher levels of adhesion and specific prerequisites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Vasile Nastuta
- Physics and Biophysics Education Research Laboratory (P&B-EduResLab), Biomedical Science Department, Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, M. Kogalniceanu Str., No. 9–13, 700454 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Asandulesa
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iuliana Spiridon
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Ramona Huzum
- Integrated Center of Environmental Science Studies in the North-Eastern Development Region (CERNESIM), Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Blvd. Carol I No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ilarion Mihaila
- Integrated Center of Environmental Science Studies in the North-Eastern Development Region (CERNESIM), Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Blvd. Carol I No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
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Rodrigues PV, Ramoa B, Torres AR, Castro MCR, Machado AV. Enhancing the Interface Behavior on Polycarbonate/Elastomeric Blends: Morphological, Structural, and Thermal Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071773. [PMID: 37050386 PMCID: PMC10097030 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic study was performed to provide better understanding of the effect of elastomeric materials on the behavior of polycarbonate blends (PC). Thus, blends of PC with different amounts of elastomers, such as copolyether ester elastomer (COPE), acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS), maleic anhydride-grafted ABS (ABS-g-MA), and styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS-g-MA) were prepared in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. The materials were characterized by an electronic microscopy (SEM), an infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal (DSC) and thermo-mechanical (DMA) techniques. The incorporation of elastomeric phases was observed by changes in the FTIR band’s intensity, whereas a new shoulder of the ester band of COPE at 1728 cm−1 indicates the occurrence of a transesterification reaction. Unmodified and modified ABS (5% and 10%) did not affect the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PC, while 1% SEBS-g-MA slightly increased this value. PC/10% COPE showed that a decrease in Tg of 25 °C has a result of better compatibilization between both phases, which is visible via SEM. SEM analysis identified three main toughening mechanisms, depending on the type of elastomer. Unlike any other study, this work deepens the knowledge, in a comparative way, to understand the elastomeric effect at the interface and consequently, on the mechanical behavior of PC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Veiga Rodrigues
- Institute for Polymers and Composites (IPC), Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruno Ramoa
- Institute for Polymers and Composites (IPC), Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Torres
- Institute for Polymers and Composites (IPC), Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maria Cidália R. Castro
- Institute for Polymers and Composites (IPC), Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Vera Machado
- Institute for Polymers and Composites (IPC), Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
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Polybutylene succinate (PBS)/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) membrane with improved mechanical properties for wastewater treatment. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Aly MI, Hassan MR, Ghobashy MM, Masry BA. Removal of barium (II), cobalt (II), and strontium (II) from aqueous solution using chemically modified poly (acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) pellets. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2021.1992060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. I. Aly
- Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M. R. Hassan
- Nuclear Research Center; Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M. M. Ghobashy
- Radiation Research of Polymers Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - B. A. Masry
- Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Kwon D, Lam TY, Kim M, Tan GYA, Lee PH, Kim J. Combined Effect of Activated Carbon Particles and Non-Adsorptive Spherical Beads as Fluidized Media on Fouling, Organic Removal and Microbial Communities in Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:365. [PMID: 34069901 PMCID: PMC8157586 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The combined effect of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) spherical beads and granular activated carbon (GAC) particles as fluidized media on the performance of anaerobic fluidized bed membrane bioreactor (AFMBR) was investigated. GAC particles and ABS beads were fluidized together in a single AFMBR to investigate membrane fouling and organic removal efficiency as well as energy consumption. The density difference between these two similarly sized media caused the stratified bed layer where ABS beads are fluidized above the GAC along the membrane. Membrane relaxation was effective to reduce the fouling and trans-membrane pressure (TMP) below 0.25 bar could be achieved at 6 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT). More than 90% of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) was removed after 80 d operation. Biogas consisting of 65% of methane was produced by AFMBR, suggesting that combined use of GAC and ABS beads did not have any adverse effect on methane production during the operational period. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) examinations showed the adherence of microbes to both media. However, 16S rRNA results revealed that fewer microbes attached to ABS beads than GAC. There were also compositional differences between the ABS and GAC microbial communities. The abundance of the syntrophs and exoelectrogens population on ABS beads was relatively low compared to that of GAC. Our result implied that syntrophic synergy and possible occurrence of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) might be facilitated in AFMBR by GAC, while traditional methanogenic pathways were dominant in ABS beads. The electrical energy required was 0.02 kWh/m3, and it was only about 13% of that produced by AFMBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeeun Kwon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Michuholgu, Incheon 22212, Korea; (D.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Theo Y.C. Lam
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (T.Y.C.L.); (G.-Y.A.T.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Minseok Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Michuholgu, Incheon 22212, Korea; (D.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Giin-Yu Amy Tan
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (T.Y.C.L.); (G.-Y.A.T.)
| | - Po-Heng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Michuholgu, Incheon 22212, Korea; (D.K.); (M.K.)
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Shea GKH, Wu KLK, Li IWS, Leung MF, Ko ALP, Tse L, Pang SSY, Kwan KYH, Wong TM, Leung FKL, Fang CX. A review of the manufacturing process and infection rate of 3D-printed models and guides sterilized by hydrogen peroxide plasma and utilized intra-operatively. 3D Print Med 2020; 6:7. [PMID: 32232596 PMCID: PMC7106677 DOI: 10.1186/s41205-020-00061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
3D printing in the context of medical application can allow for visualization of patient-specific anatomy to facilitate surgical planning and execution. Intra-operative usage of models and guides allows for real time feedback but ensuring sterility is essential to prevent infection. The additive manufacturing process restricts options for sterilisation owing to temperature sensitivity of thermoplastics utilised for fabrication. Here, we review one of the largest single cohorts of 3D models and guides constructed from Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and utilized intra-operatively, following terminal sterilization with hydrogen peroxide plasma. We describe our work flow from initial software rendering to printing, sterilization, and on-table application with the objective of demonstrating that our process is safe and can be implemented elsewhere. Overall, 7% (8/114 patients) of patients developed a surgical site infection, which was not elevated in comparison to related studies utilizing traditional surgical methods. Prolonged operation time with an associated increase in surgical complexity was identified to be a risk factor for infection. Low temperature plasma-based sterilization depends upon sufficient permeation and contact with surfaces which are a particular challenge when our 3D-printouts contain diffusion-restricted luminal spaces as well as hollows. Application of printouts as guides for power tools may further expose these regions to sterile bodily tissues and result in generation of debris. With each printout being a bespoke medical device, it is important that the multidisciplinary team involved in production and application understand potential pitfalls to ensuring sterility as to minimize infection risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Ka-Hon Shea
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Kenneth Lap-Kei Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Iris Wai-Sum Li
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Fai Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ada Lai-Ping Ko
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lane Tse
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Kenny Yat-Hong Kwan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tak-Man Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Frankie Ka-Li Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Christian Xinshuo Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Tam Shiu Foundation Anatomical Modelling Laboratory, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Chennell P, Feschet-Chassot E, Sautou V, Mailhot-Jensen B. Preparation of ordered mesoporous and macroporous thermoplastic polyurethane surfaces for potential medical applications. J Biomater Appl 2018; 32:1317-1328. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328218768643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thermoplastic polyurethanes are widely used in medical devices. In order to limit some of their shortfalls, like microbial attachment, surfaces modifications can be required. In this work, a two-step replication method was used to create ordered macroporous and mesoporous thermoplastic polyurethane surfaces using anodic aluminum oxide as master template. The intermediate mould materials that were tested were polystyrene and a polyacrylate resin with inorganic filler. All obtained surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The initial anodic aluminum oxide surfaces possessed macro or mesopores, function of anodization conditions. The intermediate mould structure correctly replicated the pattern, but the polystyrene surface structures (pillars) were less resistant than the polyacrylate resin ones. The thermoplastic polyurethane pattern possessed macropores or mesopores of about 130 nm or 46 nm diameter and of about 300 nm or 99 nm interpore distances, respectively, in accordance with the initial pattern. Thermoplastic polyurethanes pore depth was however less than initial anodic aluminum oxide pore depth, linked to an incomplete replication during intermediate mould preparation (60 to 90% depth replication). The correct replication of the original pattern confirms that this novel fabrication method is a promising route for surface patterning of thermoplastic polyurethanes that could be used for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Chennell
- Universite Clermont Auvergne, Chu Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, ICCF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Valérie Sautou
- Universite Clermont Auvergne, Chu Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, ICCF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Wu S, Zuber F, Maniura-Weber K, Brugger J, Ren Q. Nanostructured surface topographies have an effect on bactericidal activity. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:20. [PMID: 29490703 PMCID: PMC5830064 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the increased emergence of antimicrobial resistance, alternatives to minimize the usage of antibiotics become attractive solutions. Biophysical manipulation of material surface topography to prevent bacterial adhesion is one promising approach. To this end, it is essential to understand the relationship between surface topographical features and bactericidal properties in order to develop antibacterial surfaces. Results In this work a systematic study of topographical effects on bactericidal activity of nanostructured surfaces is presented. Nanostructured Ormostamp polymer surfaces are fabricated by nano-replication technology using nanoporous templates resulting in 80-nm diameter nanopillars. Six Ormostamp surfaces with nanopillar arrays of various nanopillar densities and heights are obtained by modifying the nanoporous template. The surface roughness ranges from 3.1 to 39.1 nm for the different pillar area parameters. A Gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, is used as the model bacterial strain. An average pillar density at ~ 40 pillars μm−2 with surface roughness of 39.1 nm possesses the highest bactericidal efficiency being close to 100% compared with 20% of the flat control samples. High density structures at ~ 70 pillars μm−2 and low density structures at < 20 pillars μm−2 with surface roughness smaller than 20 nm reduce the bactericidal efficiency to almost the level of the control samples. Conclusion The results obtained here suggests that the topographical effects including pillar density and pillar height inhomogeneity may have significant impacts on adhering pattern and stretching degree of bacterial cell membrane. A biophysical model is prepared to interpret the morphological changes of bacteria on these nanostructures. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-018-0347-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songmei Wu
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, No. 3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Flavia Zuber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Juergen Brugger
- Microsystems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 17, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Antibacterial effects of the artificial surface of nanoimprinted moth-eye film. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185366. [PMID: 28934372 PMCID: PMC5608414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial effect of a nanostructured film, known as “moth-eye film,” was investigated. The moth-eye film has artificially formed nano-pillars, consisting of hydrophilic resin with urethane acrylate and polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives, all over its surface that replicates a moth’s eye. Experiments were performed to compare the moth-eye film with a flat-surfaced film produced from the same materials. The JIS Z2801 film-covering method revealed that the two films produced a decrease in Staphylococcus aureus and Esherichia coli titers of over 5 and 3 logs, respectively. There was no marked difference in the antibacterial effects of the two surfaces. However, the antibacterial effects were reduced by immersion of the films in water. These results indicated that a soluble component(s) of the resin possessed the antibacterial activity, and this component was identified as PEG derivatives by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). When a small volume of bacterial suspension was dropped on the films as an airborne droplet model, both films showed antibacterial effects, but that of the moth-eye film was more potent. It was considered that the moth-eye structure allowed the bacteria-loaded droplet to spread and allow greater contact between the bacteria and the film surface, resulting in strong adherence of the bacteria to the film and synergistically enhanced bactericidal activity with chemical components. The antibacterial effect of the moth-eye film has been thus confirmed under a bacterial droplet model, and it appears attractive due to its antibacterial ability, which is considered to result not only from its chemical make-up but also from physical adherence.
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Modification of a commercial thromboelastography instrument to measure coagulation dynamics with three-dimensional biomaterials. Biointerphases 2016; 11:029602. [PMID: 27126596 DOI: 10.1116/1.4948339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional synthetic constructs with complex geometries have immense potential for use in a multitude of blood-contacting applications. Understanding coagulation phenomena is arguably the most critical aspect for applications involving synthetic biomaterials; however, real-time evaluation of the clot formation while interfacing with these materials is difficult to achieve in a reproducible and robust manner. Here, work representing first steps toward addressing this deficit is presented, wherein modified consumables for a clinical instrument (a Thromboelastograph(®)) have been fabricated. Thromboelastography (TEG) measures viscoelastic properties throughout clot formation and therefore provides clinically relevant coagulation measurements in real time (i.e., kinetics and strength of clot formation). Through our modification, TEG consumables can readily accommodate three-dimensional materials (e.g., those for regenerative tissue applications). The authors performed proof-of-concept experiments using polymer scaffolds with a range of surface properties and demonstrated that variations in surface properties resulted in differences in blood plasma coagulation dynamics. For example, the maximum rate of thrombus generation ranged from 22.2 ± 2.2 (dyn/cm(2))/s for fluorocarbon coated scaffolds to 8.7 ± 1.0 (dyn/cm(2))/s for nitrogen-containing scaffolds. Through this work, the ability to make real-time coagulation activity measurements during constant coagulation factor interface with biomedically relevant materials is demonstrated.
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