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Fan H, Han J, Chen L, Feng B, Sun X, Shi B. Association between plasma growth arrest-specific protein 6 and carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1917-1923. [PMID: 35680486 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Growth arrest-specific 6 protein (Gas6) has been established to play important roles in various biological processes, but little is currently known on the role of Gas6 signaling in humans. This research explored the association between Gas6 expression and carotid atherosclerosis (AS) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS AND RESULTS As many as 126 T2DM patients were recruited in this study and classified into two groups based on their carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Meanwhile, 50 healthy individuals were recruited for the normal control group (NC). The subgroups were compared in terms of clinical data and Gas6 expression levels. Gas6 levels were decreased in T2DM patients with or without AS compared to NC subjects (9.64 ± 1.41 ng/ml, 11.38 ± 2.08 ng/ml, and 13.64 ± 2.61 ng/ml, respectively) (p < 0.001). The interaction between Gas6 and AS in T2DM was analyzed by logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Decreased Gas6 expression was an independent risk factor relevant to AS in T2DM (p = 0.027). The area under the ROC curve to estimate the diagnostic value of low Gas6 expression for AS in T2DM was 0.750. The correlation between Gas6 and other parameters was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression model. Body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were independently correlated with Gas6. CONCLUSION Low Gas6 expression is an independent risk factor for AS in T2DM. Gas6 expression is affected by BMI, HbA1c and TNF-α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junxia Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bimin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Type 2 diabetes is one of the most important public health diseases. Type 2 diabetes pathophysiology involves multiple pathways, in which micronutrients could play a role. Among them, interest has grown concerning vitamin K. The purpose of this review is to expose the latest studies on the role of vitamin K in glucose metabolism, a poorly known function of this vitamin. RECENT FINDINGS Animal experimentations and human observational and interventional studies were analyzed to evaluate the role of this vitamin in glucose metabolism. Daily intake of vitamin K seems to improve glucose metabolism and low intakes could be involved in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology. Recent data show that vitamin K could act on glucose metabolism via downstream targets such as osteocalcin, growth arrest-specific 6 protein, and matrix Gla protein. SUMMARY This review depicts new insights into the role of vitamin K in glucose metabolism regulation and depicts also the probable mechanisms underlying this association. Further studies will be needed to determine the dose and the duration of vitamin K treatment to achieve the strongest metabolic effect. Maybe the best strategy to improve glucose metabolism would be 'cocktails' of micronutrients associating vitamin K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bourron
- Sorbonne Université, Diabetes Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Franck Phan
- Sorbonne Université, Diabetes Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Paris, France
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Li YH, Lu CH, Lin FH, Su SC, Liu JS, Hsieh CH, Hung YJ, Shieh YS, Lee CH. Plasma Growth Arrest-Specific 6 Protein and Genetic Variations in the GAS6 Gene in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 17:22-28. [PMID: 30346880 DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6) is a vitamin K-dependent protein secreted by immune cells, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and adipocytes. Recent studies indicate that Gas6 and receptors of the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, and Mer) family may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between plasma Gas6 protein and the c.843 + 7G>A Gas6 polymorphism in metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Two hundred five adults (88 men and 117 women) were recruited in this study. Plasma Gas6 concentration, general, and biochemical data were measured. All subjects were genotyped for the c.843 + 7G>A Gas6 polymorphism. RESULTS Plasma Gas6 concentrations decreased in parallel with various MetS components in all groups (P = 0.017 for trend). Patients in the second and third tertiles of Gas6 level had higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels than those in the first tertile overall and in the female group. Plasma Gas6 levels were significantly positively correlated with HDL-C level and negatively with fasting glucose level in the female patients. The A allele and genotype AA in single nucleotide polymorphism c.843 + 7G>A were less frequent in the subjects with MetS compared to those without MetS. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated a positive correlation between Gas6 protein values and HDL-C and reinforce the association with fasting glucose. In addition, the presence of c.843 + 7G>A Gas6 polymorphisms, especially the AA genotype, had an association with MetS. The potential role of the Gas6/TAM system in MetS deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huei Li
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hua Lu
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Huang Lin
- 2 School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chiang Su
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Syuan Liu
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hsun Hsieh
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,3 Division of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- 3 Division of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,4 School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,5 Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,3 Division of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dihingia A, Kalita J, Manna P. Implication of a novel Gla-containing protein, Gas6 in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, impaired glucose homeostasis, and inflammation: A review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 128:74-82. [PMID: 28453960 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Growth arrest specific 6 (Gas6), a vitamin K-dependent protein plays a significant role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis via binding with TAM-receptor tyrosine kinases. Several studies reported the role of Gas6 in cancer, glomerular injury, obesity, and inflammation, however, very little is known about its role in insulin resistance (IR) and impaired glucose metabolism. Majority of the studies reported an inverse correlation of Gas6 protein levels or gene polymorphism with plasma glucose, HbA1c, IR, and inflammatory cytokines among type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obese subjects. However, few studies reported a positive correlation of Gas6 protein levels or gene polymorphism with IR and inflammation among obese subjects. This review for the first time provides an overview of the association of Gas6 protein levels or gene polymorphism with IR, glucose intolerance, and inflammation among T2D and obese subjects. This review also depicts the probable mechanism underlying the association of Gas6 with glucose intolerance and inflammation. The outcome of this review will increase the understanding about the role of Gas6 in the pathogenesis of IR, glucose intolerance and inflammation and that should in turn lead to the design of clinical interventions to improve glucose metabolism and the lives of the T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjum Dihingia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Chennai 600113, India; Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Jatin Kalita
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Chennai 600113, India; Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Chennai 600113, India; Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India.
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Li G, Sheng X, Xu Y, Jiang H, Zheng C, Guo J, Sun S, Yi Z, Qin S, Liu S, Gao Y, Zhang C, Xu H, Wu B, Zou L, Liang S, Zhu G. Co-expression changes of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the cervical sympathetic ganglia in diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathic rats. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1690-1699. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology; Basic Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 PR China
| | - Xuan Sheng
- Department of Physiology; Basic Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 PR China
| | - Yurong Xu
- Department of Physiology; Basic Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 PR China
| | - Huaide Jiang
- Department of Physiology; Basic Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 PR China
| | - Chaoran Zheng
- Department of Physiology; Basic Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 PR China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Physiology; Basic Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 PR China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Undergraduate Student of Second Clinical Medical College; Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330008 PR China
| | - Zhihua Yi
- Department of Physiology; Basic Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 PR China
| | - Shulan Qin
- Endocrine Department of Third Affiliated Hospital; Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330008 PR China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology; Basic Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 PR China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Physiology; Basic Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 PR China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Biology; Basic Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Physiology; Basic Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 PR China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Physiology; Basic Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 PR China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Department of Physiology; Basic Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 PR China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology; Basic Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 PR China
| | - Gaochun Zhu
- Department of Anatomy; Basic Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 PR China
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Testosterone Deficiency Induces Changes of the Transcriptomes of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Miniature Pigs Fed a High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122125. [PMID: 27999286 PMCID: PMC5187925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone deficiency causes fat deposition, particularly in visceral fat, and its replacement might reverse fat accumulation, however, the underlying mechanisms of such processes under diet-induced adiposity are largely unknown. To gain insights into the genome-wide role of androgen on visceral adipose tissue (VAT), RNA-Seq was used to investigate testosterone deficiency induced changes of VAT in miniature pigs fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diet among intact male pigs (IM), castrated male pigs (CM), and castrated male pigs with testosterone replacement (CMT) treatments. The results showed that testosterone deficiency significantly increased VAT deposition and serum leptin concentrations. Moreover, a total of 1732 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between any two groups. Compared with gene expression profiles in IM and CMT pigs, upregulated genes in CM pigs, i.e., LOC100520753 (CD68), LCN2, EMR1, S100A9, NCF1 (p47phox), and LEP, were mainly involved in inflammatory response, oxidation-reduction process, and lipid metabolic process, while downregulated genes in CM pigs, i.e., ABHD5, SPP1, and GAS6, were focused on cell differentiation and cell adhesion. Taken together, our study demonstrates that testosterone deficiency alters the expression of numerous genes involved in key biological processes of VAT accumulation under HFC diet and provides a novel genome-wide view on the role of androgen on VAT deposition under HFC diet, thus improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in VAT changes induced by testosterone deficiency.
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