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Lorca M, Cabezas D, Araque I, Terán A, Hernández S, Mellado M, Espinoza L, Mella J. Cancer and brassinosteroids: Mechanisms of action, SAR and future perspectives. Steroids 2023; 190:109153. [PMID: 36481216 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids are plant hormones whose main function is to stimulate plant growth. However, they have been studied for their biological applications in humans. Brassinosteroid compounds have displayed an important role in the study of cancer pathology and show potential for developing novel anticancer drugs. In this review we describe the relationship of brassinosteroids with cancer with focus on the last decade, the mechanisms of cytotoxic activity described to date, and a structure-activity relationship based on the available information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Lorca
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - David Cabezas
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Ileana Araque
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Andrés Terán
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Santiago Hernández
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Marco Mellado
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile.
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Jaime Mella
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena (CIFAR), Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
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Ma F, An Z, Yue Q, Zhao C, Zhang S, Sun X, Li K, Zhao L, Su L. Effects of brassinosteroids on cancer cells: A review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23026. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
| | - Zaiyong An
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
| | - Qiulin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
| | - Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Research and Development Departments Jinan Hangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Jinan China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
| | - Le Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
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Posiphen Reduces the Levels of Huntingtin Protein through Translation Suppression. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122109. [PMID: 34959389 PMCID: PMC8708689 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Posiphen tartrate (Posiphen) is an orally available small molecule that targets a conserved regulatory element in the mRNAs of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and α-synuclein (αSYN) and inhibits their translation. APP and αSYN can cause neurodegeneration when their aggregates induce neurotoxicity. Therefore, Posiphen is a promising drug candidate for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Posiphen’s safety has been demonstrated in three independent phase I clinical trials. Moreover, in a proof of concept study, Posiphen lowered neurotoxic proteins and inflammatory markers in cerebrospinal fluid of mild cognitive impaired patients. Herein we investigated whether Posiphen reduced the expression of other proteins, as assessed by stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) followed by mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, an in vitro model of neuronal function, were used for the SILAC protein profiling response. Proteins whose expression was altered by Posiphen treatment were characterized for biological functions, pathways and networks analysis. The most significantly affected pathway was the Huntington’s disease signaling pathway, which, along with huntingtin (HTT) protein, was down-regulated by Posiphen in the SH-SY5Y cells. The downregulation of HTT protein by Posiphen was confirmed by quantitative Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Unchanged mRNA levels of HTT and a comparable decay rate of HTT proteins after Posiphen treatment supported the coclusion that Posiphen reduced HTT via downregulation of the translation of HTT mRNA. Meanwhile, the downregulation of APP and αSYN proteins by Posiphen was also confirmed. The mRNAs encoding HTT, APP and αSYN contain an atypical iron response element (IRE) in their 5′-untranslated regions (5′-UTRs) that bind iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1), and Posiphen specifically bound this complex. Conversely, Posiphen did not bind the IRP1/IRE complex of mRNAs with canonical IREs, and the translation of these mRNAs was not affected by Posiphen. Taken together, Posiphen shows high affinity binding to the IRE/IRP1 complex of mRNAs with an atypical IRE stem loop, inducing their translation suppression, including the mRNAs of neurotoxic proteins APP, αSYN and HTT.
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Epibrassinolide prevents tau hyperphosphorylation via GSK3β inhibition in vitro and improves Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan and motor deficits in combination with roscovitine. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1373-1389. [PMID: 34386848 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is considered an important element of glycogen metabolism; however, it has many other regulatory roles. Changes in the GSK3β signaling mechanism have been associated with various disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), type II diabetes, and cancer. Although the effects of GSK3β inhibitors on reducing the pathological effects of AD have been described, an effective inhibitor has not yet been developed. Epibrassinolide (EBR), a brassinosteroid (BR), is structurally similar to mammalian steroid hormones. Our studies have shown that EBR has an inhibitory effect on GSK3β in different cell lines. Roscovitine (ROSC), a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, has also been identified as a potential GSK3 inhibitor. Within the scope of this study, we propose that EBR and/or ROSC might have mechanistic action in AD models. To test this hypothesis, we used in vitro models and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) AD strains. Finally, EBR treatment successfully protected cells from apoptosis and increased the inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β. In addition, EBR and/or ROSC treatment had a positive effect on the survival rates of C. elegans strains. More interestingly, the paralysis phenotype of the C. elegans AD model due to Aβ42 toxicity was prevented by EBR and/or ROSC. Our findings suggest that EBR and ROSC administration have neuroprotective effects on both in vitro and C. elegans models via inhibitory GSK3β phosphorylation at Ser9.
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The Protein Landscape of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). Blood 2021; 138:2514-2525. [PMID: 34189564 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many functional consequences of mutations on tumor phenotypes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are unknown. This may be in part due to a scarcity of information on the proteome of CLL. We profiled the proteome of 117 CLL patient samples with data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) and integrated the results with genomic, transcriptomic, ex vivo drug response and clinical outcome data. We found trisomy 12, IGHV mutational status, mutated SF3B1, trisomy 19, del(17)(p13), del(11)(q22.3), mutated DDX3X, and MED12 to influence protein expression (FDR < 5%). Trisomy 12 and IGHV status were the major determinants of protein expression variation in CLL as shown by principal component analysis (1055 and 542 differentially expressed proteins, FDR=5%). Gene set enrichment analyses of CLL with trisomy 12 implicated BCR/PI3K/AKT signaling as a tumor driver. These findings were supported by analyses of protein abundance buffering and protein complex formation, which identified limited protein abundance buffering and an upregulated protein complex involved in BCR, AKT, MAPK and PI3K signaling in trisomy 12 CLL. A survey of proteins associated with trisomy 12/IGHV-independent drug response linked STAT2 protein expression with response to kinase inhibitors including BTK and MEK inhibitors. STAT2 was upregulated in U-CLL, trisomy 12 CLL and required for chemokine/cytokine signaling (interferon response). This study highlights the importance of protein abundance data as a non-redundant layer of information in tumor biology, and provides a protein expression reference map for CLL.
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Adacan K, Obakan Yerlİkaya P. Epibrassinolide activates AKT to trigger autophagy with polyamine metabolism in SW480 and DLD-1 colon cancer cell lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 44:417-426. [PMID: 33402868 PMCID: PMC7759188 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2005-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epibrassinolide (EBR), a plant-derived polyhydroxylated derivative of 5α-cholestane, structurally shows similarities to animal steroid hormones. According to the present study, EBR treatment triggered a significant stress response via activating ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in cancer cells. EBR could also increase Akt phosphorylation in vitro. While the activation of Akt resulted in cellular metabolic activation in normal cells to proceed with cell survival, a rapid stress response was induced in cancer cells to reduce survival. Therefore, Akt as a mediator of cellular survival and death decision pathways is a crucial target in cancer cells. In this study, we determined that EBR induces stress responses through activating Akt, which reduced the mTOR complex I (mTORC1) activation in SW480 and DLD-1 colon cancer cells. As a consequence, EBR triggered macroautophagy and led to lipidation of LC3 most efficiently in SW480 cells. The cotreatment of spermidine (Spd) with EBR increased lipidation of LC3 synergistically in both cell lines. We also found that EBR promoted polyamine catabolism in SW480 cells. The retention of polyamine biosynthesis was remarkable following EBR treatment. We suggested that EBR-mediated Akt activation might determine the downstream cellular stress responses to induce autophagy related to polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Adacan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Literature Faculty, İstanbul Kültür University, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Pınar Obakan Yerlİkaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Literature Faculty, İstanbul Kültür University, İstanbul Turkey
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Adacan K, Obakan-Yerlikaya P, Arisan ED, Coker-Gurkan A, Kaya RI, Palavan-Unsal N. Epibrassinolide-induced autophagy occurs in an Atg5-independent manner due to endoplasmic stress induction in MEF cells. Amino Acids 2020; 52:871-891. [PMID: 32449072 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epibrassinolide (EBR), a polyhydroxysteroid belongs to plant growth regulator family, brassinosteroids and has been shown to have a similar chemical structure to mammalian steroid hormones. Our findings indicated that EBR could trigger apoptosis in cancer cells via induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caused by protein folding disturbance in the ER. Normal cells exhibited a remarkable resistance to EBR treatment and avoid from apoptotic cell death. The unfolded protein response clears un/misfolded proteins and restore ER functions. When stress is chronic, cells tend to die due to improper cellular functions. To understand the effect of EBR in non-malign cells, mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells were investigated in detail for ER stress biomarkers, autophagy, and polyamine metabolism in this study. Evolutionary conserved autophagy mechanism is a crucial cellular process to clean damaged organelles and protein aggregates through lysosome under the control of autophagy-related genes (ATGs). Cells tend to activate autophagy to promote cell survival under stress conditions. Polyamines are polycationic molecules playing a role in the homeostasis of important cellular events such as cell survival, growth, and, proliferation. The administration of PAs has been markedly extended the lifespan of various organisms via inducing autophagy and inhibiting oxidative stress. Our data indicated that ER stress is induced following EBR treatment in MEF cells as well as MEF Atg5-/- cells. In addition, autophagy is activated following EBR treatment by targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR in wildtype (wt) cells. However, EBR-induced autophagy targets ULK1 in MEF cells lacking Atg5 expression. Besides, EBR treatment depleted the PA pool in MEF cells through the alterations of metabolic enzymes. The administration of Spd with EBR further increased autophagic vacuole formation. In conclusion, EBR is an anticancer drug candidate with selective cytotoxicity for cancer cells, in addition the induction of autophagy and PA metabolism are critical for responses of normal cells against EBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Adacan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Bakirkoy, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Obakan-Yerlikaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Bakirkoy, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Elif Damla Arisan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ajda Coker-Gurkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Bakirkoy, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Resul Ismail Kaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Bakirkoy, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Narçın Palavan-Unsal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Bakirkoy, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kaur Kohli S, Bhardwaj A, Bhardwaj V, Sharma A, Kalia N, Landi M, Bhardwaj R. Therapeutic Potential of Brassinosteroids in Biomedical and Clinical Research. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E572. [PMID: 32283642 PMCID: PMC7226375 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids are a pivotal class of hormones with a key role in growth modulation and signal transduction in multicellular organisms. Synthetic steroids are widely used to cure large array of viral, fungal, bacterial, and cancerous infections. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a natural collection of phytosterols, which have structural similarity with animal steroids. BRs are dispersed universally throughout the plant kingdom. These plant steroids are well known to modulate a plethora of physiological responses in plants leading to improvement in quality as well as yield of food crops. Moreover, they have been found to play imperative role in stress-fortification against various stresses in plants. Over a decade, BRs have conquered worldwide interest due to their diverse biological activities in animal systems. Recent studies have indicated anticancerous, antiangiogenic, antiviral, antigenotoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial bioactivities of BRs in the animal test systems. BRs inhibit replication of viruses and induce cytotoxic effects on cancerous cell lines. Keeping in view the biological activities of BRs, this review is an attempt to update the information about prospects of BRs in biomedical and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.K.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Abhay Bhardwaj
- Department of Bio-organic and Biological Chemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv 61000, Ukraine; (A.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Vinay Bhardwaj
- Department of Bio-organic and Biological Chemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv 61000, Ukraine; (A.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Anket Sharma
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.K.K.); (A.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Namarta Kalia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India;
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food & Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.K.K.); (A.S.)
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Wilson R, Gundamaraju R, Vemuri R, Angelucci C, Geraghty D, Gueven N, Eri RD. Identification of Key Pro-Survival Proteins in Isolated Colonic Goblet Cells of Winnie, a Murine Model of Spontaneous Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:80-92. [PMID: 31504521 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that the goblet cell-derived mucin-2 (Muc2) is a major component of the immune system and that perturbations in Muc2 lead to an ulcerative colitis-like phenotype. The animal model Winnie carries a missense mutation in Muc2 that causes Muc2 misfolding, accumulation in goblet cells, and ER stress. Excessive ER stress is a hallmark of many diseases, including ulcerative colitis, cancer, diabetes and Parkinson's disease. However, rather than committing to cell death, which is the typical outcome of unresolved ER stress, Winnie goblet cells are characterized by hyperproliferation, suggesting additional regulation of this cellular stress response. METHODS To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying ulcerative colitis in the Winnie model, we isolated goblet cells from Winnie and wild-type mice and used label-free quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics to understand the functional consequences of Muc2 misfolding and accumulation. RESULTS A large number of changes were identified that highlight a dramatic reprogramming of energy production, including enhanced utilization of butyrate, a key energy source of colonic cells. A major finding was the marked upregulation of the coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain proteins Chchd2, Chchd3, and Chchd6. In particular, we identified and confirmed the upregulation and nuclear translocation of Chchd2, a protein known to inhibit oxidative stress induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to apply proteome-level analysis to the preclinical Winnie model of ulcerative colitis. Identification of proteins and pathways affected in isolated Winnie goblet cells provides evidence for novel adaptive mechanisms underlying cell survival under conditions of chronic ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wilson
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ravichandra Vemuri
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Constanza Angelucci
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Dominic Geraghty
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nuri Gueven
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Rajaraman D Eri
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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Varghese E, Samuel SM, Sadiq Z, Kubatka P, Liskova A, Benacka J, Pazinka P, Kruzliak P, Büsselberg D. Anti-Cancer Agents in Proliferation and Cell Death: The Calcium Connection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3017. [PMID: 31226817 PMCID: PMC6627763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling and the modulation of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) levels play critical roles in several key processes that regulate cellular survival, growth, differentiation, metabolism, and death in normal cells. On the other hand, aberrant Ca2+-signaling and loss of [Ca2+]i homeostasis contributes to tumor initiation proliferation, angiogenesis, and other key processes that support tumor progression in several different cancers. Currently, chemically and functionally distinct drugs are used as chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment and management of cancer among which certain anti-cancer drugs reportedly suppress pro-survival signals and activate pro-apoptotic signaling through modulation of Ca2+-signaling-dependent mechanisms. Most importantly, the modulation of [Ca2+]i levels via the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial axis and corresponding action of channels and pumps within the plasma membrane play an important role in the survival and death of cancer cells. The endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial axis is of prime importance when considering Ca2+-signaling-dependent anti-cancer drug targets. This review discusses how calcium signaling is targeted by anti-cancer drugs and highlights the role of calcium signaling in epigenetic modification and the Warburg effect in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Zuhair Sadiq
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology and Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Jozef Benacka
- Faculty Health and Social Work, Trnava University, 918 43 Trnava, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Pazinka
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and Louise Pasteur University Hospital, 04022 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brothers of Mercy Hospital, Polni 553/3, 63900 Brno, Czech Republic.
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, 65692 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
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Obakan-Yerlikaya P, Arisan ED, Coker-Gurkan A, Adacan K, Ozbey U, Somuncu B, Baran D, Palavan-Unsal N. Calreticulin is a fine tuning molecule in epibrassinolide-induced apoptosis through activating endoplasmic reticulum stress in colon cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1603-1619. [PMID: 28112451 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epibrassinolide (EBR), a member of brassinostreoids plant hormones with cell proliferation promoting role in plants, is a natural polyhydroxysteroid with structural similarity to steroid hormones of vertebrates. EBR has antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effect in various cancer cells. Although EBR has been shown to affect survival and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathways in a p53-independent manner, the exact molecular targets of EBR are still under investigation. Our recent SILAC (Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture) data showed that the most significantly altered protein after EBR treatment was calreticulin (CALR). CALR, a chaperone localized in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, plays role in protein folding and buffering Ca2+ ions. The alteration of CALR may cause ER stress and unfolded protein response correspondingly the induction of apoptosis. Unfolded proteins are conducted to 26S proteasomal degradation following ubiquitination. Our study revealed that EBR treatment caused ER stress and UPR by altering CALR expression causing caspase-dependent apoptosis in HCT 116, HT29, DLD-1, and SW480 colon cancer cells. Furthermore, 48 h EBR treatment did not caused UPR in Fetal Human Colon cells (FHC) and Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast cells (MEF). In addition our findings showed that HCT 116 colon cancer cells lacking Bax and Puma expression still undergo UPR and related apoptosis. CALR silencing and rapamycin co-treatment prevented EBR-induced UPR and apoptosis, whereas 26S proteasome inhibition further increased the effect of EBR in colon cancer cells. All these findings showed that EBR is an ER stress and apoptotic inducer in colon cancer cells without affecting non-malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Obakan-Yerlikaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Damla Arisan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ajda Coker-Gurkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kaan Adacan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utku Ozbey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berna Somuncu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Baran
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Narcin Palavan-Unsal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
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Clotet S, Soler MJ, Riera M, Pascual J, Fang F, Zhou J, Batruch I, Vasiliou SK, Dimitromanolakis A, Barrios C, Diamandis EP, Scholey JW, Konvalinka A. Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids (SILAC)-Based Proteomics of Primary Human Kidney Cells Reveals a Novel Link between Male Sex Hormones and Impaired Energy Metabolism in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:368-385. [PMID: 28062795 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.061903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Male sex predisposes to many kidney diseases. Considering that androgens exert deleterious effects in a variety of cell types within the kidney, we hypothesized that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) would alter the biology of the renal tubular cell by inducing changes in the proteome. We employed stable isotope labeling with amino acids (SILAC) in an indirect spike-in fashion to accurately quantify the proteome in DHT- and 17β-estradiol (EST)-treated human proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC). Of the 5043 quantified proteins, 76 were differentially regulated. Biological processes related to energy metabolism were significantly enriched among DHT-regulated proteins. SILAC ratios of 3 candidates representing glycolysis, N-acetylglucosamine metabolism and fatty acid β-oxidation, namely glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), glucosamine-6-phosphate-N-acetyltransferase 1 (GNPNAT1), and mitochondrial trifunctional protein subunit alpha (HADHA), were verified in vitro. In vivo, renal GPI and HADHA protein expression was significantly increased in males. Furthermore, male sex was associated with significantly higher GPI, GNPNAT1, and HADHA kidney protein expression in two different murine models of diabetes. Enrichment analysis revealed a link between our DHT-regulated proteins and oxidative stress within the diabetic kidney. This finding was validated in vivo, as we observed increased oxidative stress levels in control and diabetic male kidneys, compared with females. This in depth quantitative proteomics study of human primary PTEC response to sex hormone administration suggests that male sex hormone stimulation results in perturbed energy metabolism in kidney cells, and that this perturbation results in increased oxidative stress in the renal cortex. The proteome-level changes associated with androgens may play a crucial role in the development of structural and functional changes in the diseased kidney. With our findings, we propose a possible link between diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease progression and male sex hormone levels. Data are available via ProteomeXchange (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/archive/) with identifier PXD003811.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Clotet
- From the ‡Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain, 08003; .,§Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,**Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Maria Jose Soler
- From the ‡Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain, 08003
| | - Marta Riera
- From the ‡Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain, 08003
| | - Julio Pascual
- From the ‡Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain, 08003
| | - Fei Fang
- §Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Joyce Zhou
- §Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ihor Batruch
- ¶Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1W7, Canada
| | - Stella K Vasiliou
- ¶Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1W7, Canada.,‖Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Apostolos Dimitromanolakis
- ¶Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1W7, Canada
| | - Clara Barrios
- From the ‡Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain, 08003
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- ¶Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1W7, Canada
| | - James W Scholey
- §Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,**Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Ana Konvalinka
- §Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,**Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada
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Kisselev PA, Panibrat OV, Sysa AR, Anisovich MV, Zhabinskii VN, Khripach VA. Flow-cytometric analysis of reactive oxygen species in cancer cells under treatment with brassinosteroids. Steroids 2017; 117:11-15. [PMID: 27343978 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To explore the underlying mechanism of cancer cell growth inhibition by brassinosteroids (BS), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under treatment with 28-homocastasterone and its synthetic derivatives (22S,23S)-28-homocastasterone was measured in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. BS induced ROS generation in A549 cells and their growth in a time and dose-dependent manner. The maximal effect was observed for (22S,23S)-28-homocastasterone which at 30μM concentration showed a 6-fold increase of ROS generation in comparison with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyotr A Kisselev
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Olesya V Panibrat
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Aliaksei R Sysa
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Marina V Anisovich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir N Zhabinskii
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Vladimir A Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
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