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Soares-Cardoso C, Leal S, Sá SI, Dantas-Barros R, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Faria J, Barbosa J. Unraveling the Hippocampal Molecular and Cellular Alterations behind Tramadol and Tapentadol Neurobehavioral Toxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:796. [PMID: 38931463 PMCID: PMC11206790 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tramadol and tapentadol are chemically related opioids prescribed for the analgesia of moderate to severe pain. Although safer than classical opioids, they are associated with neurotoxicity and behavioral dysfunction, which arise as a concern, considering their central action and growing misuse and abuse. The hippocampal formation is known to participate in memory and learning processes and has been documented to contribute to opioid dependence. Accordingly, the present study assessed molecular and cellular alterations in the hippocampal formation of Wistar rats intraperitoneally administered with 50 mg/kg tramadol or tapentadol for eight alternate days. Alterations were found in serum hydrogen peroxide, cysteine, homocysteine, and dopamine concentrations upon exposure to one or both opioids, as well as in hippocampal 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and gene expression levels of a panel of neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and neuromodulation biomarkers, assessed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemical analysis of hippocampal formation sections showed increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and decreased cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b) protein expression, suggesting opioid-induced astrogliosis and microgliosis. Collectively, the results emphasize the hippocampal neuromodulator effects of tramadol and tapentadol, with potential behavioral implications, underlining the need to prescribe and use both opioids cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Soares-Cardoso
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Leal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Susana I. Sá
- RISE-HEALTH, Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rita Dantas-Barros
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- FOREN-Forensic Science Experts, Av. Dr. Mário Moutinho 33-A, 1400-136 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Juliana Faria
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Joana Barbosa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
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Dan W, Gao J, Qi X, Wang J, Dai J. Antibacterial quaternary ammonium agents: Chemical diversity and biological mechanism. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114765. [PMID: 36116235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections have seriously threatened public health especially with the increasing resistance and the cliff-like decline of the number of newly approved antibacterial agents. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) possess potent medicinal properties with 95 successfully marketed drugs, which also have a long history as antibacterial agents. In this review, we summarize the chemical diversity of antibacterial QACs, divided into chain-like and aromatic ring, reported over the past decade (2012 to mid-2022). Additionally, the structure-activity relationships, mainly covering hydrophobicity, charges and skeleton features, are discussed. In the cases where sufficient information is available, antibacterial mechanisms including biofilm, cell membrane, and intracellular targets are presented. It is hoped that this review will provide sufficient information for medicinal chemists to discover the new generation of antibacterial agents based on QACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Dan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Jixiang Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohui Qi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Junru Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jiangkun Dai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China.
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Biomaterials for human space exploration: A review of their untapped potential. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:77-99. [PMID: 33962071 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As biomaterial advances make headway into lightweight radiation protection, wound healing dressings, and microbe resistant surfaces, a relevance to human space exploration manifests itself. To address the needs of the human in space, a knowledge of the space environment becomes necessary. Both an understanding of the environment itself and an understanding of the physiological adaptations to that environment must inform design parameters. The space environment permits the fabrication of novel biomaterials that cannot be produced on Earth, but benefit Earth. Similarly, designing a biomaterial to address a space-based challenge may lead to novel biomaterials that will ultimately benefit Earth. This review describes several persistent challenges to human space exploration, a variety of biomaterials that might mitigate those challenges, and considers a special category of space biomaterial. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work is a review of the major human and environmental challenges facing human spaceflight, and where biomaterials may mitigate some of those challenges. The work is significant because a broad range of biomaterials are applicable to the human space program, but the overlap is not widely known amongst biomaterials researchers who are unfamiliar with the challenges to human spaceflight. Additionaly, there are adaptations to microgravity that mimic the pathology of certain disease states ("terrestrial analogs") where treatments that help the overwhelmingly healthy astronauts can be applied to help those with the desease. Advances in space technology have furthered the technology in that field on Earth. By outlining ways that biomaterials can promote human space exploration, space-driven advances in biomaterials will further biomaterials technology.
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Jariyamana N, Chuveera P, Dewi A, Leelapornpisid W, Ittichaicharoen J, Chattipakorn S, Srisuwan T. Effects of N-acetyl cysteine on mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial dynamics, and inflammation on lipopolysaccharide-treated human apical papilla cells. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:3919-3928. [PMID: 33404763 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant molecule, has been used to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation. However, no studies have examined the effect of NAC in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NAC on cell survival, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production, and inflammatory and mitochondria-related gene expression on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated apical papilla cells (APCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the NAC concentration, 5 and 10 mM NAC were administered to LPS-treated APCs. Cell proliferation was measured at 24, 48, and 72 h by using AlamarBlue® assay. The 5-mM concentration was further analyzed using different treatment durations: 10 min, 24 h, and the entire study period. The mtROS production was quantified using MitoSOX™ Red and MitoTracker™ Green. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α inflammatory genes and mitochondrial morphology-related genes (Mfn-2/Drp-1 and Bcl-2/Bax) at 6 and 24 h. The statistical significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS Five-millimolar NAC promoted the highest LPS-treated APC proliferation. The use of 24-h NAC stimulated cell proliferation, whereas the entire-period NAC application (> 48 h) significantly reduced the cell number. The mtROS levels were slightly altered after NAC induction. Ten-minute NAC treatment downregulated the IL-6 and TNF-α expression, whereas the expression of Bcl-2/Bax and Mfn-2/Drp-1 ratios was upregulated at 6 h. CONCLUSIONS Under the LPS-induced inflammatory condition, NAC stimulated APC survival and decreased inflammation. Ten-minute NAC treatment was sufficient to reduce the level of inflammation and maintain the mitochondrial dynamics. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ten-minute NAC application is sufficient to reduce the level of inflammation and maintain the mitochondrial dynamics. Therefore, NAC may be considered as a potential adjunctive irrigation solution in REPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutcha Jariyamana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Patchanee Chuveera
- Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anat Dewi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Warat Leelapornpisid
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jitjiroj Ittichaicharoen
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chattipakorn
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tanida Srisuwan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Zhan Y, Guo Z, Zheng F, Zhang Z, Li K, Wang Q, Wang L, Cai Z, Chen N, Wu S, Li H. Reactive oxygen species regulate miR-17-5p expression via DNA methylation in paraquat-induced nerve cell damage. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:1364-1373. [PMID: 32691990 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence suggesting that oxidative stress and DNA methylation can alter miRNA expression. However, little is known on the mechanism of miR-17-5p expression changes in paraquat (PQ)-induced nerve cell damage. In the present study, neuro-2a cells were pretreated with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or DNA methylation inhibitor decitabine (DAC), then exposed to different concentrations of PQ, while the expression levels of miR-17-5p were detected by qRT-PCR. Here, it is showed that PQ downregulated the expression of miR-17-5p dose-dependently in neuro-2a cells. The DNA methylation level was upregulated after PQ exposure, while downregulated with the pretreatment of NAC in the above content, detected by 5-mC immunofluorescence technique. The interaction effect of NAC and PQ in alternating DNA methylation level was further confirmed by flow cytometry. NAC and DAC individually had an interaction effect in PQ-induced nerve cell damage. After using NAC, PQ-induced ROS elevation and DNA methylation are reduced, thereby preventing the proapoptotic effect of miR-17-5p. Above all, PQ can induce DNA methylation variations through ROS production, leading to the downregulation of miR-17-5p expression in PQ-induced nerve cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Zhan
- Department of Health Management, Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Universities and Colleges in Fujian, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Universities and Colleges in Fujian, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Center for Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring, Fujian Provincial Food and Drug Administration, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lijin Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Cai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nengzhou Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Universities and Colleges in Fujian, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Universities and Colleges in Fujian, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Kaufman G, Skrtic D. N-Acetyl Cysteine Modulates the Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Responses of Rescued Growth-Arrested Dental Pulp Microtissues Exposed to TEGDMA in ECM. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197318. [PMID: 33023018 PMCID: PMC7582816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp is exposed to resin monomers leaching from capping materials. Toxic doses of the monomer, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), impact cell growth, enhance inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, and lead to tissue necrosis. A therapeutic agent is required to rescue growth-arrested tissues by continuing their development and modulating the exacerbated responses. The functionality of N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) as a treatment was assessed by employing a 3D dental pulp microtissue platform. Immortalized and primary microtissues developed and matured in the extracellular matrix (ECM). TEGDMA was introduced at various concentrations. NAC was administered simultaneously with TEGDMA, before or after monomer addition during the development and after the maturation stages of the microtissue. Spatial growth was validated by confocal microscopy and image processing. Levels of inflammatory (COX2, NLRP3, IL-8) and oxidative stress (GSH, Nrf2) markers were quantified by immunoassays. NAC treatments, in parallel with TEGDMA challenge or post-challenge, resumed the growth of the underdeveloped microtissues and protected mature microtissues from deterioration. Growth recovery correlated with the alleviation of both responses by decreasing significantly the intracellular and extracellular levels of the markers. Our 3D/ECM-based dental pulp platform is an efficient tool for drug rescue screening. NAC supports compromised microtissues development, and immunomodulates and maintains the oxidative balance.
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Lei Q, Lai X, Zhang Y, Li Z, Li R, Zhang W, Ao N, Zhang H. PEGylated Bis-Quaternary Triphenyl-Phosphonium Tosylate Allows for Balanced Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6400-6407. [PMID: 35021771 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary triphenylphosphonium compounds (TPP+) have been widely recognized as an important antimicrobial because of their fast antimicrobial speed and broad antimicrobial spectrum. However, small-molecule TPP+ compounds have the defects of toxicity, which is the key factor that limits their practical applications. Here, two mono- and one bis-quaternary phosphonium tosylate compounds with different lengths of oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) chains and TPP+ as the active moiety were synthesized. Bis-TPP+ have a short OEG chain coupling two TPP+ at both ends, while mono-TPP+ attaches the OEG chain at one end in one molecule. In vitro antibacterial activities were evaluated against both Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria in terms of the inhibition zone (ZOI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). To investigate the antibacterial mechanism, β-galactosidase activity was monitored for measuring the degree of membrane permeability correlated to the abilities to disrupt the membranes of bacteria. Moreover, their structure-antibacterial activity and structure-cytotoxicity relationships were further analyzed. The results indicated that bis-TPP+ synthesized can reach the sterilization rate 90% or more against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at MICs of 3.1 and 1.5 mg/mL, respectively, and meanwhile, the cell proliferation can reach more than 80%. This paper represents an excellent approach for development of bis-TPP+ bactericidal molecules that would achieve an optimal balance between antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuexu Lai
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Riwang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ningjian Ao
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Zhang Y, Xiao JF, Yang HF, Jiao Y, Cao WW, Shi HM, Cun JF, Tay FR, Ping J, Xiao YH. N-Acetyl Cysteine as a Novel Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin Component: Protection against Cell Apoptosis and Genotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1301736. [PMID: 31636802 PMCID: PMC6766130 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1301736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the antiapoptotic and antigenotoxic capabilities of N-acetyl cysteine- (NAC-) containing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. An in vitro Transwell insert model was used to mimic the clinical provisional restorations placed on vital teeth. Various parameters associated with cell apoptosis and genotoxicity were investigated to obtain a deeper insight into the underlying mechanisms. The exposure of human dental pulp cell (hDPC) cultures to the PMMA resin (Unifast Trad™) resulted in a rapid increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level beginning at 1 h, which was followed by time-dependent cell detachment and overt death. The formation of γ-H2AX and cell cycle G1 phase arrest indicated that oxidative DNA damage occurred as a result of the interactions between DNA bases and ROS, beyond the capacities of cellular redox regulation. Such oxidative DNA damage triggers the activation of p53 via the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling pathway and the induction of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis. Oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and DNA damage induced by the PMMA resin were recovered to almost the level of untreated controls by the incorporation of NAC. The results indicate that the PMMA resin induced the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis as a consequence of p53 activation via the ATM pathway in response to oxidative DNA damage. More importantly, the incorporation of NAC as a novel component into the Unifast Trad™ PMMA resin offers protective effects against cell apoptosis and genotoxicity. This procedure represents a beneficial strategy for developing more biocompatible PMMA-based resin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-feng Xiao
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - He-feng Yang
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, The 7th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Huan-min Shi
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing-fen Cun
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Medical Administration, The 7th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-hong Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
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Jiao Y, Niu T, Liu H, Tay FR, Chen JH. Protection against HEMA-Induced Mitochondrial Injury In Vitro by Nrf2 Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3501059. [PMID: 31089407 PMCID: PMC6476051 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3501059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dental resin monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) disturb vital cell functions and induce mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis via generation of oxidative stress. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the gene expression of antioxidative enzymes and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular redox equilibrium and mitochondrial homeostasis. The present study investigated the functional significance of Nrf2 in cellular response toward HEMA. It was found that HEMA stimulation promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, which was further enhanced by Nrf2 activator tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), but suppressed by Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. Pretreatment of primary human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) with tBHQ protected the cells from HEMA-induced oxidative injury (increased reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis) and mitochondrial impairment (morphological alterations, decreased ATP production, suppressed oxidative phosphorylation activity, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, and disrupted electron transport chain). In contrast, pretreatment with ML385 increased cell sensitivity to these injurious processes. This protective effect on mitochondria could be related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α)/nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) pathway. These results contribute to the understanding of the function of Nrf2 and the development of novel therapies to counteract the adverse effects of dental resin monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, the 7th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tao Niu
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- Department of Endodontics, the Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ji-hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Biological Activities and Potential Oral Applications of N-Acetylcysteine: Progress and Prospects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2835787. [PMID: 29849877 PMCID: PMC5937417 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2835787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), a cysteine prodrug and glutathione (GSH) precursor, has been used for several decades in clinical therapeutic practices as a mucolytic agent and for the treatment of disorders associated with GSH deficiency. Other therapeutic activities of NAC include inhibition of inflammation/NF-κB signaling and expression of proinflammatory cytokines. N-Acetylcysteine is also a nonantibiotic compound possessing antimicrobial property and exerts anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic effects against certain types of cancer. Recently, studies describing potentially important biological and pharmacological activities of NAC have stimulated interests in using NAC-based therapeutics for oral health care. The present review focused on the biological activities of NAC and its potential oral applications. The potential side effects of NAC and formulations for drug delivery were also discussed, with the intent of advancing NAC-associated treatment modalities in oral medicine.
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New adhesive system based in metals cross-linking methacrylate. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 77:519-526. [PMID: 29040963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the anti-antibiofilm potential of silver methacrylate (Ag) or di-n-butyldimethacrylatetin (Sn) in experimental adhesive systems. Ag and Sn methacrylates were incorporated at 0.5mol%, 1mol% and 2mol% in an adhesive resin. The anti-antibiofilm potential, degree of conversion (DC), microtensile bond strength (μTBS), water sorption/solubility (WSR/SL), bonded interfaces pattern (SEM), cytotoxicity and leaching of Ag and Sn ions were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed considering α = 0.05. Only Ag at 2% affected DC and μTBS. Ag at 1% and 2% and Sn at 1% and 2% showed anti-biofilm potential against Mutans streptococci. Ag at 1% and 2% and Sn at 2% showed a statistically significant difference to the control in WSR/SL (p < 0.05). The additions of metal methacrylate did not affect cell viability, being the adhesive resins statistically similar to controls. Leached metals of Ag were more than 100x higher than for Sn. Between the concentration tested, Ag and Sn methacrylate at 1% presented an anti-biofilm effect without altering the mechanical properties evaluated.
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Qiu L, Yang H, Lv G, Li K, Liu G, Wang W, Wang S, Zhao X, Xie M, Lin J. Insights into the mevalonate pathway in the anticancer effect of a platinum complex on human gastric cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 810:120-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Styllou P, Styllou M, Hickel R, Högg C, Reichl FX, Scherthan H. NAC ameliorates dental composite-induced DNA double-strand breaks and chromatin condensation. Dent Mater J 2017; 36:638-646. [PMID: 28747595 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Released (co)monomers from dental composite components can induce DNA damage of which DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) threaten genome integrity. Here, we tested whether the administration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is able to reduce the dental composite-induced DSBs in primary human gingiva fibroblasts. The dental composites Bis-GMA (bisphenol-A-glycerolate dimethacrylate), GMA (glycidyl methacrylate), HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and TEGDMA (triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) were found to induce co-localizing microscopic nuclear foci numbers of the DSB markers γ-H2AX and 53BP1 per cell in the order: GMA>Bis-GMA>TEGDMA>HEMA. Supplementation of (co)monomer-containing culture medium with NAC led to a significant reduction of resin-induced DSBs as well as to an amelioration of dental monomer-induced nuclear chromatin condensation in gingival fibroblasts. Thus, antioxidant treatment can reduce radical-induced chromatin and DNA damage and open avenues to mitigate genotoxic effects of dental composite compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panorea Styllou
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Marianthi Styllou
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Christof Högg
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Franz Xaver Reichl
- Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affil. to the University of Ulm
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Jiao Y, Niu LN, Ma S, Li J, Tay FR, Chen JH. Quaternary ammonium-based biomedical materials: State-of-the-art, toxicological aspects and antimicrobial resistance. Prog Polym Sci 2017; 71:53-90. [PMID: 32287485 PMCID: PMC7111226 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbial infections affect humans worldwide. Many quaternary ammonium compounds have been synthesized that are not only antibacterial, but also possess antifungal, antiviral and anti-matrix metalloproteinase capabilities. Incorporation of quaternary ammonium moieties into polymers represents one of the most promising strategies for preparation of antimicrobial biomaterials. Various polymerization techniques have been employed to prepare antimicrobial surfaces with quaternary ammonium functionalities; in particular, syntheses involving controlled radical polymerization techniques enable precise control over macromolecular structure, order and functionality. Although recent publications report exciting advances in the biomedical field, some of these technological developments have also been accompanied by potential toxicological and antimicrobial resistance challenges. Recent evidenced-based data on the biomedical applications of antimicrobial quaternary ammonium-containing biomaterials that are based on randomized human clinical trials, the golden standard in contemporary medicinal science, are included in the present review. This should help increase visibility, stimulate debates and spur conversations within a wider scientific community on the implications and plausibility for future developments of quaternary ammonium-based antimicrobial biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Army General Hospital, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Li-na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Xijing Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Ji-hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Yu F, Yu H, Lin P, Dong Y, Zhang L, Sun X, Liu Z, Guo H, Huang L, Chen J. Effect of an Antibacterial Monomer on the Antibacterial Activity of a Pit-and-Fissure Sealant. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162281. [PMID: 27685314 PMCID: PMC5042487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin-based pit-and-fissure sealants are often used to form a barrier on the occlusal surface of molars to treat caries lesions; however, bacteria can remain in the pit and fissures without detection, increasing the risk of secondary caries. Sealants with antimicrobial properties or microbial repellent actions might be advantageous. The aim of this study was to assess the inhibitory effect of a 2-methacryloxylethyl dodecyl methyl ammonium bromide (MAE-DB)-incorporated sealant against Streptococcus mutans. MAE-DB (4% wt) was incorporated into a commercially available sealant, Eco-S resin-based pit-and-fissure sealant (Vericom Co., Ltd., Korea); a sealant without MAE-DB served as a negative control, and Clinpro™ Sealant (3M™ ESPE™), a fluoride-releasing resin, was used as a commercial control. The effects of the cured sealants and their eluents on the growth of S. mutans were determined according to colony-forming unit counts and metabolic tests. The effects of the cured sealants on the adherence and membrane integrity of S. mutans were investigated using confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) in conjunction with fluorescent indicators. Compared with the negative control and commercial control, the cured MAE-DB-incorporated pit-and-fissure sealant exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of S. mutans (P < 0.05), whereas the eluents did not show any detectable antibacterial activity. The commercial control also showed no detectable bactericidal activity. Moreover, the aged experimental material retained its property of contact inhibition of biofilm formation. The fluorescence analysis of CLSM images demonstrated that the cured MAE-DB-incorporated sealant could hamper the adherence of S. mutans and exert a detrimental effect on bacterial membrane integrity. The incorporation of MAE-DB can render a pit-and-fissure sealant with contact antibacterial activity after polymerization via influencing the growth, adherence, and membrane integrity of S. mutans. Therefore, MAE-DB-containing pit-and-fissure sealant shows promise for preventing or controlling dental caries on occlusal pit and fissures of molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Pingting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of VIP Dental Care, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhengya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huihui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Antibacterial activity of a modified unfilled resin containing a novel polymerizable quaternary ammonium salt MAE-HB. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33858. [PMID: 27659279 PMCID: PMC5034341 DOI: 10.1038/srep33858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Resins with strong and long-lasting antibacterial properties are critical for the prevention of secondary dental caries. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial effect and the underlying mechanism of action of an unfilled resin incorporating 2-methacryloxylethyl hexadecyl methyl ammonium bromide (MAE-HB) against Streptococcus mutans UA159 (S. mutans UA159). MAE-HB was added into unfilled resin at 10 mass%, and unfilled resin without MAE-HB served as the control. Bacterial growth was inhibited on 10%-MAE-HB unfilled resin compared with the control at 1 d, 7 d, 30 d, or 180 d (P < 0.05). The growth inhibitory effect was independent of the incubation time (P > 0.05). No significant differences in the antibacterial activities of eluents from control versus 10%-MAE-HB unfilled resins were observed at any time point (P > 0.05). The number of bacteria attached to 10%-MAE-HB unfilled resin was considerably lower than that to control. Fe-SEM and CLSM showed that 10%-MAE-HB unfilled resin disturbed the integrity of bacterial cells. Expression of the bacterial glucosyltransferases, gtfB and gtfC, was lower on 10%-MAE-HB unfilled resin compared to that on control (P < 0.05). These data indicate that incorporation of MAE-HB confers unfilled resin with strong and long-lasting antibacterial effects against S. mutans.
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Jiao Y, Ma S, Wang Y, Li J, Shan L, Sun J, Chen J. Methacryloxylethyl Cetyl Ammonium Chloride Induces DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Human Dental Pulp Cells via Generation of Oxidative Stress. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:580-93. [PMID: 27143955 PMCID: PMC4852205 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymerizable antibacterial monomer methacryloxylethyl cetyl ammonium chloride (DMAE-CB) has provided an effective strategy to combat dental caries. However, the application of such material raises the question about the biological safety and the question remains open. The mechanism of this toxic action, however, is not yet clearly understood. The present study aims at providing novel insight into the possible causal link between cellular oxidative stress and DNA damage, as well as apoptosis in human dental pulp cells exposed to DMAE-CB. The enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of glutathione, as well as differential changes in activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in DMAE-CB-treated cells indicated oxidative stress. By using substances that can alter GSH synthesis, we found that GSH was the key component in the regulation of cell response towards oxidative stress induced by DMAE-CB. The increase in oxidative stress-sensitive 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content, formation of γ-H2AX and cell cycle G1 phase arrest indicated that DNA damage occurred as a result of the interaction between DNA base and ROS beyond the capacities of antioxidant mechanisms in cells exposed to DMAE-CB. Such oxidative DNA damage thus triggers the activation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) signaling, the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and destruction of mitochondrial morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Sai Ma
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yirong Wang
- 2. State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- 3. Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lequn Shan
- 4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jinlong Sun
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jihua Chen
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
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Platinum-zoledronate complex blocks gastric cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10981-92. [PMID: 26891667 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel dinuclear platinum complexes based on the bisphosphonate ligands have been synthesized and characterized in our recent study. For the purpose of discovering the pharmacology and action mechanisms of this kind of compounds, the most potent compound [Pt(en)]2ZL was selected for systematic investigation. In the present study, the inhibition effect on the human gastric cancer cell lines SGC7901 and action mechanism of [Pt(en)]2ZL were investigated. The traditional 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and colony formation assay were carried out to study the effect of [Pt(en)]2ZL on the cell viability and proliferation capacity, respectively. The senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining and immunofluorescence staining were also performed to assess the cell senescence and microtubule polymerization. Fluorescence staining and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to monitor the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis, and Western blot analysis was applied to examine the expression of several apoptosis-related proteins. The results demonstrated that [Pt(en)]2ZL exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative effects on the SGC7901 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and it also induced cell senescence and abnormal microtubule assembly. The cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induced by [Pt(en)]2ZL were also observed with the fluorescence staining and FCM. The expressions of cell cycle regulators (p53, p21, cyclin D1, cyclin E, and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2) and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), and survivin) were regulated by the treatment of [Pt(en)]2ZL, resulting in the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, [Pt(en)]2ZL exerted anti-tumor effect on the gastric cancer via inducing cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase and apoptosis.
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Jiao Y, Ma S, Wang Y, Li J, Shan L, Liu Q, Liu Y, Song Q, Yu F, Yu H, Liu H, Huang L, Chen J. N-Acetyl Cysteine Depletes Reactive Oxygen Species and Prevents Dental Monomer-Induced Intrinsic Mitochondrial Apoptosis In Vitro in Human Dental Pulp Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147858. [PMID: 26808507 PMCID: PMC4726696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the involvement of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis in dental monomer-induced cytotoxicity and the influences of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on this process. Methods Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) were exposed to several dental monomers in the absence or presence of NAC, and cell viability, intracellular redox balance, morphology and function of mitochondria and key indicators of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis were evaluated using various commercial kits. Results Dental monomers exerted dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on hDPCs. Concomitant to the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of glutathione (GSH), differential changes in activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were detected. Apoptosis, as indicated by positive Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and activation of caspase-3, was observed after dental monomer treatment. Dental monomers impaired the morphology and function of mitochondria, and induced intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis in hDPCs via up-regulation of p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and down-regulation of Bcl-2. NAC restored cell viability, relieved oxidative stress and blocked the apoptotic effects of dental monomers. Conclusions Dental monomers induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis in hDPCs. NAC could reduce the oxidative stress and thus protect hDPCs against dental monomer-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Sai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yirong Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Xijing Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Lequn Shan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Haohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General and Emergency, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Jihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
- * E-mail:
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