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Hossain ME, Zhang Z, Dong W, Wang S, Liu M, Liu E, Mei X. Plastic Film Mulching Improved Maize Yield, Water Use Efficiency, and N Use Efficiency under Dryland Farming System in Northeast China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1710. [PMID: 35807660 PMCID: PMC9269153 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This 2-year field study analyzed plastic film mulching (PFM) effects on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and soil N pools under rainfed dryland conditions. Compared to no-mulching (NM, control), maize yields under PFM were increased by 36.3% (2515.7 kg ha−1) and 23.9% (1656.1 kg ha−1) in the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons, respectively. The PFM improved (p < 0.01) the water use efficiency (WUE) of maize by 39.6% and 33.8% in the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons, respectively. The 2-year average NUE of maize under the PFM was 40.1, which was 30.1% greater than the NM. The average soil total N, particulate organic N, and microbial biomass N contents under the PFM soil profile were increased by 22.3%, 51.9%, and 35%, respectively, over the two growing seasons. The residual 15N content (%TN) in soil total N pool was significantly higher (p < 0.05) under the PFM treatment. Our results suggest that PFM could increase maize productivity and sustainability of rainfed dryland faming systems by improving WUE, NUE, and soil N pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Elias Hossain
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.E.H.); (W.D.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (E.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China (MOA), Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China;
| | - Wenyi Dong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.E.H.); (W.D.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (E.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China (MOA), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shangwen Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.E.H.); (W.D.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (E.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China (MOA), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meixia Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.E.H.); (W.D.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (E.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China (MOA), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Enke Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.E.H.); (W.D.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (E.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China (MOA), Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Xurong Mei
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.E.H.); (W.D.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (E.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China (MOA), Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China (MARA), Beijing 100081, China
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Kopitar D, Marasovic P, Jugov N, Schwarz I. Biodegradable Nonwoven Agrotextile and Films—A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112272. [PMID: 35683946 PMCID: PMC9182797 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As society becomes more aware of environmental pollution, global warming, and environmental disasters, people are increasingly turning to sustainable materials and products. This includes agrotextiles in a wide range of products, including nonwoven agrotextiles for mulching. This review provides insight into relevant available data and information on the condition, possibilities, and trends of nonwoven mulches from natural fibres, biopolymers, and recycled sources. The basic definitions and differences between biodegradation and composting processes are explained, and the current standards related to biodegradation are presented. In addition, an insight into the biodegradation of various nonwoven mulches and films, including their advantages and disadvantages, is provided, to predict the future directions of nonwoven mulches development.
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Bao X, Li Z, Xie F. Eight years of variations in ecosystem respiration over a residue-incorporated rotation cropland and its controlling factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:139325. [PMID: 32450380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The carbon dioxide emissions from cropland play important roles in the regional carbon budget. In this study, continuous measurements of the ecosystem respiration (RE) were obtained using the eddy covariance technique in a winter wheat-summer maize double cropping agroecosystem mainly between 2004 and 2012 in order to identify the among-year variations in RE and the related factors responsible. The annual RE, estimated by Lloyd and Taylor model, which was the most accurate, was 1866.4 ± 105.75 g C m-2 year-1 and it ranged from 1650.68 g C m-2 year-1 to 1945.57 g C m-2 year-1 during the eight years. The seasonal RE values were 867.98 ± 125.24 g C m-2 year-1 and 890.55 ± 131.34 g C m-2 year-1 for wheat and maize, respectively. Additionally, crop residue carbon ranged from 322.73 g C m-2 year-1 in 2012 and 453.49 g C m-2 year-1 in 2007. Correlation analysis indicated that the interannual variations in wheat and maize RE were correlated with the seasonal mean soil water content (W-Ws) and maximum leaf area index (W-LAImax) of wheat, and seasonal mean air temperature of maize (S-Ta), respectively. A rest method was attempted to investigate whether these relationships were occasional or inevitable. The rests of RE, i.e. the difference between simulated and observed RE values, were significantly influenced by LAI of wheat and hourly Ta of maize season but not by hourly Ws of maize season, indicating that the influence of W-LAImax and S-Ta on RE were inevitable outcomes and that of W-Ws on wheat RE was occasional. So we suggested that one should not confirm the controlling factors of interannual variations in carbon fluxes just from simple relationships, which may be statistical coincidences and do not correlated with biotical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Bao
- Agricultural Collage, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China.
| | - Zhigang Li
- Agricultural Collage, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Futi Xie
- Agricultural Collage, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Effect of Plastic Film Residue on Vertical Infiltration Under Different Initial Soil Moisture Contents and Dry Bulk Densities. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12051346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In arid and semi-arid regions, plastic film mulching can effectively improve crop yield, but with the increase of service life, a lot of residual plastic film (RPF) remains in the soil. The application of a RPF to a soil will alter soil moisture processes, and thus, affect the soil water distribution and its effectiveness. A quadratic regression orthogonal design was used to study the effects of initial moisture content (IMC), dry bulk density (DBD), residual plastic film content (RPFC), and the burial depth of RPF on the migration time of wetting front (MF), moisture content (MC), and accumulative infiltration (AI) of a test soil. It was found that IMC, DBD, and RPFC were the main factors affecting MC, MF, and AI, while the burial depth of RPF had no significant influence. The order of influence for the factors affecting MF was IMC > DBD > RPFC, while the order of influence for the factors affecting MC and AI was DBD > IMC > RPFC. RPFC was parabolic in relation to MF, MC, and AI, when it was in the range of 50–100 kg/hm2, while within the same range MC and AI reached a maximum and MF reached a minimum. The analysis of the interactive responses revealed that when the DBD was greater than 1.29g/cm3, the MF initially decreased and then increased with the increase of RPFC. When the RPFC was more than 100 kg/hm2, the MF initially increased and then decreased with the increase of the DBD. When the DBD was larger than 1.31 g/cm3, the AI initially increased and then decreased with the increase of RPFC. It was apparent that the RPF not only had a blocking effect on the wetting front, but also affected the water flow. When the RPFC was between 50 and 100 kg/hm2, the soil MC was significantly increased. It was suggested that the RPF pollution area should increase the mechanical recovery of plastic film, standardize the use and recycling of agricultural RPF, optimize the planting model, and establish a recyclable model for the treatment of RPF pollution, and it was proposed that the RPFC remaining after recovery of the RPF should be less than 50 kg/hm2.This study can prove the law of soil water movement in the residue film pollution area and provide reference and solution ideas for the comprehensive treatment of residue film pollution in farmland.
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Gao H, Yan C, Liu Q, Ding W, Chen B, Li Z. Effects of plastic mulching and plastic residue on agricultural production: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:484-492. [PMID: 30243168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
China is a large agricultural country, and food security is significantly limited by the shortage of water resources. Plastic mulching technology can effectively modify the crop growth environment and crop production due to differences in climatic conditions, spatial distribution characteristics, and cropping systems and methods. In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively analyze the effects of plastic film mulching and residual plastic on yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of maize, wheat, potato, and cotton in China based on 266 peer-reviewed publications. The results showed that plastic mulching significantly increased crop yield (24.32%) and WUE (27.63%). Plastic mulching had the greatest effect of potato on yield (30.62%) and WUE (30.34%) in China. At a regional scale, plastic mulching performed best in Northwest China, and crop yield and WUE were influenced by film color, mulching method, and crop type. Black film and ridge row mulching were more favorable to crop growth and increased crop yield and WUE in arid areas of China. There was no significant effect on crop yield of residual plastic between 0 and 240 kg/ha, but the yield decreased significantly with increased time and residual plastic film >240 kg/ha. In conclusion, although plastic mulching can significantly increase crop yield and WUE, especially in dryland agriculture, we should also improve the technology for recovering residual plastic film to protect the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihe Gao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Changrong Yan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Qin Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Weili Ding
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Baoqing Chen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
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Fang C, Ye JS, Gong Y, Pei J, Yuan Z, Xie C, Zhu Y, Yu Y. Seasonal responses of soil respiration to warming and nitrogen addition in a semi-arid alfalfa-pasture of the Loess Plateau, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 590-591:729-738. [PMID: 28285856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Responses of soil respiration (Rs) to increasing nitrogen (N) deposition and warming will have far-reaching influences on global carbon (C) cycling. However, the seasonal (growing and non-growing seasons) difference of Rs responses to warming and N deposition has rarely been investigated. We conducted a field manipulative experiment in a semi-arid alfalfa-pasture of northwest China to evaluate the response of Rs to nitrogen addition and warming from March 2014 to March 2016. Open-top chambers were used to elevate temperature and N was enriched at a rate of 4.42g m-2yr-1 with NH4NO3. Results showed that (1) N addition increased Rs by 14% over the two-year period; and (2) warming stimulated Rs by 15% in the non-growing season, while inhibited it by 5% in the growing season, which can be explained by decreased plant coverage and soil water. The main effect of N addition did not change with time, but that of warming changed with time, with the stronger inhibition observed in the dry year. When N addition and warming were combined, an antagonistic effect was observed in the growing season, whereas a synergism was observed in the non-growing season. Overall, warming and N addition did not affect the Q10 values over the two-year period, but these treatments significantly increased the Q10 values in the growing season compared with the control treatment. In comparison, combined warming and nitrogen addition significantly reduced the Q10 values compared with the single factor treatment. These results suggest that the negative indirect effect of warming-induced water stress overrides the positive direct effect of warming on Rs. Our results also imply the necessity of considering the different Rs responses in the growing and non-growing seasons to climate change to accurately evaluate the carbon cycle in the arid and semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yanhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiuying Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ziqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Chan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yusi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yueyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Hill T, Chocholek M, Clement R. The case for increasing the statistical power of eddy covariance ecosystem studies: why, where and how? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:2154-2165. [PMID: 27801975 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Eddy covariance (EC) continues to provide invaluable insights into the dynamics of Earth's surface processes. However, despite its many strengths, spatial replication of EC at the ecosystem scale is rare. High equipment costs are likely to be partially responsible. This contributes to the low sampling, and even lower replication, of ecoregions in Africa, Oceania (excluding Australia) and South America. The level of replication matters as it directly affects statistical power. While the ergodicity of turbulence and temporal replication allow an EC tower to provide statistically robust flux estimates for its footprint, these principles do not extend to larger ecosystem scales. Despite the challenge of spatially replicating EC, it is clearly of interest to be able to use EC to provide statistically robust flux estimates for larger areas. We ask: How much spatial replication of EC is required for statistical confidence in our flux estimates of an ecosystem? We provide the reader with tools to estimate the number of EC towers needed to achieve a given statistical power. We show that for a typical ecosystem, around four EC towers are needed to have 95% statistical confidence that the annual flux of an ecosystem is nonzero. Furthermore, if the true flux is small relative to instrument noise and spatial variability, the number of towers needed can rise dramatically. We discuss approaches for improving statistical power and describe one solution: an inexpensive EC system that could help by making spatial replication more affordable. However, we note that diverting limited resources from other key measurements in order to allow spatial replication may not be optimal, and a balance needs to be struck. While individual EC towers are well suited to providing fluxes from the flux footprint, we emphasize that spatial replication is essential for statistically robust fluxes if a wider ecosystem is being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hill
- Department of Geography, Exeter University, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Melanie Chocholek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of St Andrews, Irvine Building, North Street, St Andrews, KY16 9AL, UK
| | - Robert Clement
- School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
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Qiu L, Hao M, Wu Y. Potential impacts of climate change on carbon dynamics in a rain-fed agro-ecosystem on the Loess Plateau of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 577:267-278. [PMID: 27829504 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies have been conducted on crop yield in rain-fed agriculture, the possible impacts of climate change on the carbon (C) dynamics of rain-fed rotation systems, particularly their direction and magnitude at the long-term scale, are still poorly understood. In this study, the sensitivity of C dynamics of a typical rotation system to elevated CO2 and changed temperature and precipitation were first tested using the CENTURY model, based on data collected from a 30-year field experiment of a corn-wheat-wheat-millet (CWWM) rotation system in the tableland of the Loess Plateau. The possible responses of crop biomass C and soil organic C (SOC) accumulation were then evaluated under scenarios representing the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. The results indicated that elevated CO2 and increased precipitation exerted positive effect on biomass C in CWWM rotation system, while increasing the temperature by 1°C, 2°C and 4°C had negative effects on biomass C due to opposite responses of corn and winter wheat to warming. SOC accumulation was enhanced by increased CO2 concentration and precipitation but impaired by increased temperature. Under future RCP scenarios with dynamic CO2, the biomass C of corn exhibited decrease during the period of 2046-2075 under RCP4.5 and the period of 2016-2075 under RCP8.5 due to reduced precipitation and a warmer climate. In contrast, winter wheat would benefit from increased CO2 and temperature and was projected to have larger biomass C under both RCP scenarios. Although the climate condition had large differences between RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, the projected SOC had similar trends under two scenarios due to CO2 fertilizer effect and precipitation fluctuation. These results implied that crop biomass C and SOC accumulation in a warmer environment are strongly related to precipitation, and increase in field water storage should be emphasized in coping with future climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Qiu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Mingde Hao
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
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