1
|
Encarnação S, Rodrigues F, Monteiro AM, Gouili H, Hattabi S, Sortwell A, Branquinho L, Teixeira JE, Ferraz R, Flores P, Silva-Santos S, Ribeiro J, Batista A, Forte PM. Obesity Status and Physical Fitness Levels in Male and Female Portuguese Adolescents: A Two-Way Multivariate Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6115. [PMID: 37372702 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and decreasing fitness levels among the youth are growing concerns in Portugal, similar to other developed countries, with implications for health and psychomotor development. Understanding the influence of health determinants such as sex and age are crucial for developing effective public health strategies. This study aimed to analyze the association between sex and chronological age with obesity status and physical fitness in Portuguese adolescents. A total of 170 adolescents (85 males and 85 females) were evaluated for body mass index, abdominal adiposity, aerobic fitness, abdominal resistance, upper limb resistance, lower limb power, and maximal running speed in a 40 m sprint using the FITescola® physical fitness battery, a Portuguese government initiative. The general model, analyzed using Pillai's trace, showed a significant effect of age and sex on body mass index, abdominal circumference, aerobic fitness, abdominal resistance, upper limb resistance, lower limb power, and maximal running speed (V = 0.99, F (7) = 10,916.4, p < 0.001, partial η2, sex = 0.22; age = 0.43, sex and age interaction = 0.10). Boys had higher physical fitness levels than girls in most tests, but both sex groups had a significantly higher proportion of non-fit adolescents, with boys showing the highest number of participants classified as non-fit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Encarnação
- Department of Sports Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Filipe Rodrigues
- ESECS-Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal
| | - António Miguel Monteiro
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hatem Gouili
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Elkef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba Kef 7100, Tunisia
| | - Soukaina Hattabi
- Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Elkef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba Kef 7100, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Andrew Sortwell
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Notre Dame, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Luís Branquinho
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Teixeira
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beria Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Flores
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Sandra Silva-Santos
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT -IPVC), 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo (IPVC), 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Joana Ribeiro
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Amanda Batista
- Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Pedro Miguel Forte
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seibold H, Czerny S, Decke S, Dieterle R, Eder T, Fohr S, Hahn N, Hartmann R, Heindl C, Kopper P, Lepke D, Loidl V, Mandl M, Musiol S, Peter J, Piehler A, Rojas E, Schmid S, Schmidt H, Schmoll M, Schneider L, To XY, Tran V, Völker A, Wagner M, Wagner J, Waize M, Wecker H, Yang R, Zellner S, Nalenz M. A computational reproducibility study of PLOS ONE articles featuring longitudinal data analyses. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251194. [PMID: 34153038 PMCID: PMC8216542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational reproducibility is a corner stone for sound and credible research. Especially in complex statistical analyses-such as the analysis of longitudinal data-reproducing results is far from simple, especially if no source code is available. In this work we aimed to reproduce analyses of longitudinal data of 11 articles published in PLOS ONE. Inclusion criteria were the availability of data and author consent. We investigated the types of methods and software used and whether we were able to reproduce the data analysis using open source software. Most articles provided overview tables and simple visualisations. Generalised Estimating Equations (GEEs) were the most popular statistical models among the selected articles. Only one article used open source software and only one published part of the analysis code. Replication was difficult in most cases and required reverse engineering of results or contacting the authors. For three articles we were not able to reproduce the results, for another two only parts of them. For all but two articles we had to contact the authors to be able to reproduce the results. Our main learning is that reproducing papers is difficult if no code is supplied and leads to a high burden for those conducting the reproductions. Open data policies in journals are good, but to truly boost reproducibility we suggest adding open code policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Seibold
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Data Science Group, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Helmholtz AI, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- LMU Open Science Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Siona Decke
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Eder
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Fohr
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nico Hahn
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Dario Lepke
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Loidl
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Musiol
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Peter
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Elio Rojas
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Yin To
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Viet Tran
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Antje Völker
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Wagner
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua Wagner
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Waize
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Wecker
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Malte Nalenz
- Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Łuszczki E, Kuchciak M, Dereń K, Bartosiewicz A. The Influence of Maturity Status on Resting Energy Expenditure, Body Composition and Blood Pressure in Physically Active Children. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:216. [PMID: 33669460 PMCID: PMC7920413 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peak height velocity (PHV) is the period where the maximum rate of growth occurs. The moment the sports player reaches PHV can be estimated by monitoring the growth of body structures. The aim of this study was to assess changes in resting energy expenditure (REE), body composition and blood pressure in young, male soccer players between the pre-PHV, circa-PHV and post-PHV periods. This transverse study was conducted among 184 children aged 9 to 17 and included measurements of the resting energy expenditure (REE) using indirect calorimetry, body composition (bioimpedance) and blood pressure (sphygmomanometer). In addition, births in each quartile were analyzed. Children in the pre-PHV group had significantly lower REE values compared to the other two groups (p < 0.0001). The differences in the value of the REE between the children in the circum and post groups were not statistically significant. Additionally, the fat-free mass was significantly lower in the pre-PHV period compared to the other two periods (p < 0.0001), and the same relationship concerned the z-score body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure. Early-born players were overrepresented (p < 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Maciej Kuchciak
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Bartosiewicz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.D.); (A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barker KM, Dunn EC, Richmond TK, Ahmed S, Hawrilenko M, Evans CR. Cross-classified multilevel models (CCMM) in health research: A systematic review of published empirical studies and recommendations for best practices. SSM Popul Health 2020; 12:100661. [PMID: 32964097 PMCID: PMC7490849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognizing that health outcomes are influenced by and occur within multiple social and physical contexts, researchers have used multilevel modeling techniques for decades to analyze hierarchical or nested data. Cross-Classified Multilevel Models (CCMM) are a statistical technique proposed in the 1990s that extend standard multilevel modeling and enable the simultaneous analysis of non-nested multilevel data. Though use of CCMM in empirical health studies has become increasingly popular, there has not yet been a review summarizing how CCMM are used in the health literature. To address this gap, we performed a scoping review of empirical health studies using CCMM to: (a) evaluate the extent to which this statistical approach has been adopted; (b) assess the rationale and procedures for using CCMM; and (c) provide concrete recommendations for the future use of CCMM. We identified 118 CCMM papers published in English-language literature between 1994 and 2018. Our results reveal a steady growth in empirical health studies using CCMM to address a wide variety of health outcomes in clustered non-hierarchical data. Health researchers use CCMM primarily for five reasons: (1) to statistically account for non-independence in clustered data structures; out of substantive interest in the variance explained by (2) concurrent contexts, (3) contexts over time, and (4) age-period-cohort effects; and (5) to apply CCMM alongside other techniques within a joint model. We conclude by proposing a set of recommendations for use of CCMM with the aim of improved clarity and standardization of reporting in future research using this statistical approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Barker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erin C. Dunn
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tracy K. Richmond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Ahmed
- Department of Sociology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Matthew Hawrilenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Clare R. Evans
- Department of Sociology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bowler AL, Polman R. Role of a Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Physical Health, Psychosocial Well-Being and Sports Performance in Athletes: A Scoping Review. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8100131. [PMID: 32977479 PMCID: PMC7598179 DOI: 10.3390/sports8100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a focus has been placed on investigating the potential benefits of adherence to a ketogenic diet in enhancing body composition, physical health, psychological well-being, and performance of athletes from various sporting disciplines. As the available research is yet to be collated and analyzed in a single review, this scoping review aims to analyze and draw conclusions from the available literature that exists on the efficacy of a ketogenic diet among athletic populations. METHODS Several primary research databases and any relevant citation lists were searched to locate appropriate studies for inclusion in this scoping review. Studies that investigated the effects of adherence to a ketogenic diet (KD), defined by a carbohydrate intake of less than 5% of total energy intake, on body composition, physical health, psychological well-being, and performance among an athletic population were included in the review. From 814 articles screened, 12 were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria and were included in the final scoping review. RESULTS Adherence to a KD has beneficial effects on body weight and fat mass. Varying effects were identified on physical health with the diet, eliciting positive effects on fat oxidation but potentially deleterious effects on stool microbiota and iron metabolism. Conflicting results were reported regarding the effects of a KD on sporting performance. Benefits were reported regarding athlete well-being following commencement of a KD, but only after week two. CONCLUSIONS The results of this scoping review demonstrate that there are both beneficial and detrimental effects associated with adherence to a KD among athletic populations. It is understood that further research is required to make any concrete recommendations regarding a KD to athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy-Lee Bowler
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Nutrition & Dietetics, Bond University, Gold Coast QLD 4226, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Remco Polman
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4059, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Correction: Estimating Body Composition in Adolescent Sprint Athletes: Comparison of Different Methods in a 3 Years Longitudinal Design. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223694. [PMID: 31581230 PMCID: PMC6776413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
7
|
Structural and functional body components in athletic health and performance phenotypes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:215-224. [PMID: 30287933 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|