1
|
Wang X, Liu T, Jin X, Zhou C. Aerobic exercise promotes emotion regulation: a narrative review. Exp Brain Res 2024:10.1007/s00221-024-06791-1. [PMID: 38400992 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise improves the three stages of emotion regulation: perception, valuation and action. It reduces the perception of negative emotions, encourages individuals to reinterpret emotional situations in a positive or non-emotional manner, and enhances control over emotion expression behaviours. These effects are generated via increased prefrontal cortex activation, the strengthening of functional connections between the amygdala and several other brain regions, and the enhancement of the plasticity of key emotion regulation pathways and nodes, such as the uncinate fasciculus. The effect of aerobic exercise on emotion regulation is influenced by the exercise intensity and duration, and by individuals' exercise experience. Future research may explore the key neural basis of aerobic exercise's promotion of emotion regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuru Wang
- Department of Sport Psychology, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianze Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhong Jin
- Department of Sport Psychology, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- Department of Sport Psychology, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Linking interindividual variability in brain structure to behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:307-318. [PMID: 35365814 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
What are the brain structural correlates of interindividual differences in behaviour? More than a decade ago, advances in structural MRI opened promising new avenues to address this question. The initial wave of research then progressively led to substantial conceptual and methodological shifts, and a replication crisis unveiled the limitations of traditional approaches, which involved searching for associations between local measurements of neuroanatomy and behavioural variables in small samples of healthy individuals. Given these methodological issues and growing scepticism regarding the idea of one-to-one mapping of psychological constructs to brain regions, new perspectives emerged. These not only embrace the multivariate nature of brain structure-behaviour relationships and promote generalizability but also embrace the representation of the relationships between brain structure and behavioural data by latent dimensions of interindividual variability. Here, we examine the past and present of the study of brain structure-behaviour associations in healthy populations and address current challenges and open questions for future investigations.
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen C, Lou Y, Li H, Yuan J, Yang J, Winskel H, Qin S. Distinct neural-behavioral correspondence within face processing and attention networks for the composite face effect. Neuroimage 2021; 246:118756. [PMID: 34848297 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The composite face effect (CFE) is recognized as a hallmark for holistic face processing, but our knowledge remains sparse about its cognitive and neural loci. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging with independent localizer and complete composite face task, we here investigated its neural-behavioral correspondence within face processing and attention networks. Complementing classical comparisons, we adopted a dimensional reduction approach to explore the core cognitive constructs of the behavioral CFE measurement. Our univariate analyses found an alignment effect in regions associated with both the extended face processing network and attention networks. Further representational similarity analyses based on the Euclidian distances among all experimental conditions were used to identify cortical regions with reliable neural-behavioral correspondences. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical clustering analyses for neural-behavioral correspondence data revealed two principal components underlying the behavioral CFE effect, which fit best to the neural responses in the bilateral insula and medial frontal gyrus. These findings highlight the distinct neurocognitive contributions of both face processing and attentional networks to the behavioral CFE outcome, which bridge the gaps between face recognition and attentional control models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changming Chen
- School of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yixue Lou
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Jiajin Yuan
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Jiemin Yang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Heather Winskel
- Psychology, James Cook University, Singapore Campus, 387380, Singapore
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Developing a neurally informed ontology of creativity measurement. Neuroimage 2020; 221:117166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
5
|
Liu P, Vandemeer MRJ, Joanisse MF, Barch DM, Dozois DJA, Hayden EP. Depressogenic self-schemas are associated with smaller regional grey matter volume in never-depressed preadolescents. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102422. [PMID: 32949875 PMCID: PMC7502366 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Self-referential processing (i.e., self-schemas that guide processing of self-descriptive information) emerges early in youth, with deeper encoding of negative self-descriptors and/or shallower encoding of positive self-descriptors causally linked to depression. However, the relationship between depressogenic self-schemas and brain structure is unclear. We investigated associations between self-schemas and regional grey matter volume (GMV) in 84 never-depressed preadolescents oversampled for depression risk based on maternal depression history. Self-schemas were assessed using a Self-Referent Encoding Task (SRET) and regional GMV was indexed via voxel-based morphometry analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging data. Youths' positive self-schemas were associated with greater regional GMV within the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), while negative self-schemas were associated with smaller regional GMV within vlPFC and PCC, areas important to emotion regulation and self-referential processing. These associations remained significant after controlling for youths' concurrent depressive symptoms. Exploratory mediation analysis suggested that adolescents' depressogenic self-schemas may mediate associations between GMV and depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that the observed GMV variations within vlPFC and PCC may serve as neurobiological markers of depressogenic self-schemas during preadolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Western University, Westminster Hall, 361 Windermere Rd, London, ON N6G 2K3, Canada; The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Matthew R J Vandemeer
- Department of Psychology, Western University, Westminster Hall, 361 Windermere Rd, London, ON N6G 2K3, Canada; The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Marc F Joanisse
- Department of Psychology, Western University, Westminster Hall, 361 Windermere Rd, London, ON N6G 2K3, Canada; The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1125, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - David J A Dozois
- Department of Psychology, Western University, Westminster Hall, 361 Windermere Rd, London, ON N6G 2K3, Canada
| | - Elizabeth P Hayden
- Department of Psychology, Western University, Westminster Hall, 361 Windermere Rd, London, ON N6G 2K3, Canada; The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peters S, Eng JJ, Liu-Ambrose T, Borich MR, Dao E, Amanian A, Boyd LA. Brain activity associated with Dual-task performance of Ankle motor control during cognitive challenge. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01349. [PMID: 31265216 PMCID: PMC6710191 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skilled Ankle motor control is frequently required while performing secondary cognitively demanding tasks such as socializing and avoiding obstacles while walking, termed "Dual tasking." It is likely that Dual-task performance increases demand on the brain, as both motor and cognitive systems require neural resources. The purpose of this study was to use functional MRI to understand which brain regions are involved in resolving Dual-task interference created by requiring high levels of Ankle motor control during a cognitive task. METHODS Using functional MRI, brain activity was measured in sixteen young adults during performance of visually cued Ankle plantar flexion to a target (Ankle task), a cognitive task (Flanker task), and both tasks simultaneously (Dual task). RESULTS Dual-task performance did not impact the Ankle task (p = 0.78), but did affect behavior on the Flanker task. Response times for both the congruent and incongruent conditions during the Flanker task were significantly longer (p < 0.001, p = 0.050, respectively), and accuracy for the congruent condition decreased during Dual tasking (p < 0.001). Activity in 3 brain regions was associated with Dual-task Flanker performance. Percent signal change from baseline in Brodmann area (BA) 5, BA6, and the left caudate correlated with performance on the Flanker task during the Dual-task condition (R2 = 0.261, p = 0.04; R2 = -0.258, p = 0.04; R2 = 0.303, p = 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Performance of Ankle motor control may be prioritized over a cognitive task during Dual-task performance. Our work advances Dual-task research by elucidating patterns of whole brain activity for Dual tasks that require Ankle motor control during a cognitive task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sue Peters
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janice J Eng
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael R Borich
- School of Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth Dao
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ameen Amanian
- Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lara A Boyd
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hedge C, Powell G, Bompas A, Vivian-Griffiths S, Sumner P. Low and variable correlation between reaction time costs and accuracy costs explained by accumulation models: Meta-analysis and simulations. Psychol Bull 2018; 144:1200-1227. [PMID: 30265012 PMCID: PMC6195302 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The underpinning assumption of much research on cognitive individual differences (or group differences) is that task performance indexes cognitive ability in that domain. In many tasks performance is measured by differences (costs) between conditions, which are widely assumed to index a psychological process of interest rather than extraneous factors such as speed-accuracy trade-offs (e.g., Stroop, implicit association task, lexical decision, antisaccade, Simon, Navon, flanker, and task switching). Relatedly, reaction time (RT) costs or error costs are interpreted similarly and used interchangeably in the literature. All of this assumes a strong correlation between RT-costs and error-costs from the same psychological effect. We conducted a meta-analysis to test this, with 114 effects across a range of well-known tasks. Counterintuitively, we found a general pattern of weak, and often no, association between RT and error costs (mean r = .17, range -.45 to .78). This general problem is accounted for by the theoretical framework of evidence accumulation models, which capture individual differences in (at least) 2 distinct ways. Differences affecting accumulation rate produce positive correlation. But this is cancelled out if individuals also differ in response threshold, which produces negative correlations. In the models, subtractions between conditions do not isolate processing costs from caution. To demonstrate the explanatory power of synthesizing the traditional subtraction method within a broader decision model framework, we confirm 2 predictions with new data. Thus, using error costs or RT costs is more than a pragmatic choice; the decision carries theoretical consequence that can be understood through the accumulation model framework. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
8
|
Hedge C, Powell G, Sumner P. The reliability paradox: Why robust cognitive tasks do not produce reliable individual differences. Behav Res Methods 2018; 50:1166-1186. [PMID: 28726177 PMCID: PMC5990556 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-017-0935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 644] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in cognitive paradigms are increasingly employed to relate cognition to brain structure, chemistry, and function. However, such efforts are often unfruitful, even with the most well established tasks. Here we offer an explanation for failures in the application of robust cognitive paradigms to the study of individual differences. Experimental effects become well established - and thus those tasks become popular - when between-subject variability is low. However, low between-subject variability causes low reliability for individual differences, destroying replicable correlations with other factors and potentially undermining published conclusions drawn from correlational relationships. Though these statistical issues have a long history in psychology, they are widely overlooked in cognitive psychology and neuroscience today. In three studies, we assessed test-retest reliability of seven classic tasks: Eriksen Flanker, Stroop, stop-signal, go/no-go, Posner cueing, Navon, and Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Code (SNARC). Reliabilities ranged from 0 to .82, being surprisingly low for most tasks given their common use. As we predicted, this emerged from low variance between individuals rather than high measurement variance. In other words, the very reason such tasks produce robust and easily replicable experimental effects - low between-participant variability - makes their use as correlational tools problematic. We demonstrate that taking such reliability estimates into account has the potential to qualitatively change theoretical conclusions. The implications of our findings are that well-established approaches in experimental psychology and neuropsychology may not directly translate to the study of individual differences in brain structure, chemistry, and function, and alternative metrics may be required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Hedge
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Georgina Powell
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Petroc Sumner
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wylie SA, Bashore TR, Van Wouwe NC, Mason EJ, John KD, Neimat JS, Ally BA. Exposing an "Intangible" Cognitive Skill among Collegiate Football Players: Enhanced Interference Control. Front Psychol 2018; 9:49. [PMID: 29479325 PMCID: PMC5811505 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
American football is played in a chaotic visual environment filled with relevant and distracting information. We investigated the hypothesis that collegiate football players show exceptional skill at shielding their response execution from the interfering effects of distraction (interference control). The performances of 280 football players from National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football programs were compared to age-matched controls in a variant of the Eriksen flanker task (Eriksen and Eriksen, 1974). This task quantifies the magnitude of interference produced by visual distraction on split-second response execution. Overall, football athletes and age controls showed similar mean reaction times (RTs) and accuracy rates. However, football athletes were more proficient at shielding their response execution speed from the interfering effects of distraction (i.e., smaller flanker effect costs on RT). Offensive and defensive players showed smaller interference costs compared to controls, but defensive players showed the smallest costs. All defensive positions and one offensive position showed statistically smaller interference effects when compared directly to age controls. These data reveal a clear cognitive advantage among football athletes at executing motor responses in the face of distraction, the existence and magnitude of which vary by position. Individual differences in cognitive control may have important implications for both player selection and development to improve interference control capabilities during play.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Wylie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Theodore R. Bashore
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, United States
| | - Nelleke C. Van Wouwe
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Emily J. Mason
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Kevin D. John
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Joseph S. Neimat
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Brandon A. Ally
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lu H, Chan SSM, Fung AWT, Lam LCW. Beyond a Differential Diagnosis: Cognitive and Morphometric Decoding of Information Processing Speed in Senior Adults with DSM-5 Mild Neurocognitive Disorders. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 58:927-937. [PMID: 28527207 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Processing speed has been highlighted as a diagnostic item for neurocognitive disorders (NCD) in DSM-5. The utility of information processing speed (IPS) enclosed with multiscale constructs in the diagnosis of NCD warrants exploration. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the IPS with two types of measurements in the patients with NCD due to vascular disease (NCD-vascular) and NCD due to Alzheimer's disease (NCD-AD), and examine the associations between IPS measures and morphometric features. METHODS The IPS was evaluated using trail making test (TMT) and flanker test (n = 204). Direct scores, derived scores, and reaction time (RT) were used as IPS measures. Further, surface-based morphometry cortical volume was calculated in a subsample (n = 44) with structural MRI data. RESULTS All IPS measures showed a significant value to differentiate NCD patients from healthy subjects. Only mean RT could distinguish NCD-AD from NCD-vascular groups. TMT-B score and difference score were correlated with gray matter volume (GMV) of inferior frontal gyrus, precuneus and superior temporal cortex. Mean RT was associated with the GMV of post-central gyrus (r = -0.327, p = 0.035), and executive speed was associated with inferior frontal cortex (r = -0.475, p = 0.001), cingulate gyrus (r = -0.497, p = 0.001), and superior temporal gyrus (r = -0.36, p = 0.019). CONCLUSION The cognitive and morphometric correlates of IPS measures indicate that complex IPS might be decomposed into the domain-specific components with corresponding neural underpinnings. Our findings may also provide essential insights into the diagnostic item of NCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sandra S M Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ada W T Fung
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Linda C W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|