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Cui H, Sun W, Delgado‐Baquerizo M, Song W, Ma J, Wang K, Ling X. Cascading effects of N fertilization activate biologically driven mechanisms promoting P availability in a semi‐arid grassland ecosystem. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Cui
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide Sevilla Spain
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide Sevilla Spain
| | - Wenzheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Jian‐Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains Ministry of Education School of Geographical Sciences Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Keying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Xiaoli Ling
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
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Shi B, Ling X, Cui H, Song W, Gao Y, Sun W. Response of nutrient resorption of Leymus chinensis to nitrogen and phosphorus addition in a meadow steppe of northeast China. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:1123-1132. [PMID: 32594622 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient resorption, one of the most important strategies for plant nutrient conservation, is significantly affected by soil fertility. However, the effects of experimentally altered soil fertility on plant N and P resorption are poorly understood. The potential nutrient resorption response mechanisms of the dominant species Leymus chinensis to six N addition levels (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g·N·m-2 ·year-1 ), two P addition levels (0 and 10 g P·m-2 ·year-1 ) and their interactions were studied after 3 years of treatments in a temperate meadow steppe. In both green leaves and culms, N and P addition significantly increased N and P concentrations, respectively. Nitrogen addition led to a decrease in the N resorption efficiency (NRE) of both leaves and culms. Within each N treatment, P addition decreased the P resorption efficiency (PRE) of both leaves and culms and the NRE of leaves, except in the N2.5 treatment. Both NRE and PRE in leaves were higher than those in culms under N and P addition conditions. The nutrient concentrations and resorption efficiency were significantly correlated with the soil nutrient availability. Our results suggest that plants rely more on nutrient absorption from the soil, reducing the proportion of elements obtained through nutrient resorption in nutrient-rich environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - X Ling
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - H Cui
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - W Song
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Y Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - W Sun
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Ren R, Xu W, Zhao M, Sun W. Grazing offsets the stimulating effects of nitrogen addition on soil CH4 emissions in a meadow steppe in Northeast China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225862. [PMID: 31790489 PMCID: PMC6886810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grazing is the most common land use type for grasslands, and grazing may alter the impacts of the predicted enhancement of nitrogen deposition on soil CH4 flux. To understand the effects of nitrogen addition, grazing, and their interactions on soil CH4 flux, we conducted a field study on CH4 flux in a meadow steppe in Northeast China from 2017 to 2018. We measured the soil CH4 flux and soil physiochemical and vegetation parameters. The studied meadow steppe soil acted as a CH4 source due to the legacy effects of an extreme rainfall event. During the experimental period, the average CH4 fluxes were 7.8 ± 1.0, 5.8 ± 0.5, 9.3 ± 0.9 and 7.6 ± 0.6 μg m-2 h-1 for the CK (control), G (grazing), N (nitrogen addition) and NG (grazing and nitrogen addition) treatments, respectively. The cumulative CH4 fluxes were 24.9 ± 2.6, 11.5 ± 4.9, 28.8 ± 4.2 and 17.8 ± 3.5 μg m-2 yr-1 for the CK, G, N and NG treatments, respectively. The N addition increased the average CH4 flux by 19%, and the grazing treatment reduced it by 25%. The soil CH4 flux was positively correlated with the 0-10 cm soil water filled pore space (P < 0.01), soil NH4+-N (P < 0.01) and soil NO3--N (P < 0.01), but negatively correlated with the 0-10 cm soil temperature (P < 0.01), except for the sampling dates that were strongly influenced by the extreme rainfall event. The average CH4 flux was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the grazing and N addition treatments with the N addition treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased the CH4 flux, whereas grazing significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the CH4 flux. Grazing offset the stimulating effects of N addition on CH4 flux, and there was no difference (P = 0.79) in the CH4 flux between the CK and NG plots. In summary, moderate grazing has the potential to reduce the negative impacts of N addition on CH4 flux and can increase the capacity of the soil CH4 sink in the studied meadow steppe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Ren
- Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wanling Xu
- Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Drought sensitivity of aboveground productivity in Leymus chinensis meadow steppe depends on drought timing. Oecologia 2019; 191:685-696. [PMID: 31535253 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is limited understanding of the combined effects of discrete climate extremes and chronic environmental changes on ecosystem processes and functioning. We assessed the interactions of extreme drought timing (45 days, in spring or summer) and nitrogen (N) addition in a full factorial field experiment in a Leymus chinensis-dominated meadow steppe in northeast China. We evaluated the resistance and recovery of the grassland (calculated in terms of aboveground biomass) to these two drought events. The spring drought reduced aboveground biomass by 28% in the unfertilized plots and by 33% in the fertilized plots, and the effects persisted during the subsequent post-drought period within the same growing season; however, the summer drought had no significant influence on aboveground biomass. Although there were no significant interactive effects between drought timing and N addition, we observed a potential trend of N addition increasing the proportion of aboveground biomass suppressed by spring drought but not summer drought. Moreover, the drought resistance of the aboveground biomass was positively correlated with the response of the belowground biomass to drought. One year after the extreme drought events, the spring drought effects on aboveground and belowground biomass were negligible. Our results indicate that the drought sensitivity of productivity likely depends on the phenological and morphological traits of the single highly dominant species (Leymus chinensis) in this meadow steppe.
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Shi B, Zhang J, Wang C, Ma J, Sun W. Responses of hydrolytic enzyme activities in saline-alkaline soil to mixed inorganic and organic nitrogen addition. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29540738 PMCID: PMC5852051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of manipulating nitrogen (N) deposition, with the use of a single form of N, on soil enzyme activities have been extensively studied. However, the impacts varying the N type (organic vs. inorganic) on soil hydrolytic enzyme activities have been less studied. We performed a 60 day incubation experiment using saline-alkaline soil. The objectives were to explore how the microbial biomass and enzyme activities respond to a mixed N addition at different inorganic to organic N ratios. The experimental design was full factorial, with two rates of N addition (10 g N m−2 and 20 g N m−2) and four ratios of N addition (inorganic N:organic N = 10:0, 7:3, 3:7, 1:9). The results showed that N addition stimulated enzyme activities involved in C, N and P cycling. Enzyme activities under mixed N addition increased compared to those under single inorganic N addition in most cases. The inorganic to organic N ratios interacted with the N addition rate to affect the enzyme activities. Our results suggest that various N fertilizers, which have different inorganic to organic N ratios, should be applied when evaluating the effects of atmospheric N deposition on the soil microbial enzyme activities and ecosystem structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoku Shi
- Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Chengliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jianying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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Shi B, Wang Y, Meng B, Zhong S, Sun W. Effects of Nitrogen Addition on the Drought Susceptibility of the Leymus chinensis Meadow Ecosystem Vary with Drought Duration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 29535757 PMCID: PMC5835344 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
It is not clear yet how extreme drought and nitrogen (N) deposition influence grassland ecosystem functions when they are considered together, especially in complex field conditions. To explore the response of the Leymus chinensis meadow ecosystem to manipulated extreme drought (45 days), N addition and their interaction, we measured leaf photosynthetic characteristics, aboveground phytomass on the community level and ecosystem C exchange in different treatments at the middle and the end of the drought period. The extreme drought treatment decreased the leaf net CO2 assimilation rate and ecosystem C exchange [gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem CO2 exchange]. In contrast, the N addition treatment increased aboveground phytomass, GEP and net ecosystem CO2 exchange. The effects of N addition on the drought susceptibility of the L. chinensis meadow ecosystem varied with drought severity. The N addition treatment alleviated drought-induced suppression of CO2 exchange at the leaf and ecosystem levels in the middle of the drought period, whereas it exacerbated drought-induced suppression of the CO2 exchange and aboveground phytomass on the community level at the end of the drought period. Given that dominance by L. chinensis is a characteristic of the studied ecosystem, knowledge of the traits of L. chinensis and its response to multiple global change drivers will be crucial for predicting future ecosystem functions. Furthermore, increasing N deposition may affect the response of the L. chinensis meadow ecosystem to further droughts by increasing carbon allocation to roots and therefore root-shoot ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoku Shi
- Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunbo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Meng
- Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shangzhi Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Sun,
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Zhong S, Chai H, Xu Y, Li Y, Ma JY, Sun W. Drought Sensitivity of the Carbon Isotope Composition of Leaf Dark-Respired CO 2 in C 3 ( Leymus chinensis) and C 4 ( Chloris virgata and Hemarthria altissima) Grasses in Northeast China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1996. [PMID: 29375587 PMCID: PMC5770615 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Whether photosynthetic pathway differences exist in the amplitude of nighttime variations in the carbon isotope composition of leaf dark-respired CO2 (δ13Cl) and respiratory apparent isotope fractionation relative to biomass (ΔR,biomass) in response to drought stress is unclear. These differences, if present, would be important for the partitioning of C3-C4 mixed ecosystem C fluxes. We measured δ13Cl, the δ13C of biomass and of potential respiratory substrates and leaf gas exchange in one C3 (Leymus chinensis) and two C4 (Chloris virgata and Hemarthria altissima) grasses during a manipulated drought period. For all studied grasses, δ13Cl decreased from 21:00 to 03:00 h. The magnitude of the nighttime shift in δ13Cl decreased with increasing drought stress. The δ13Cl values were correlated with the δ13C of respiratory substrates, whereas the magnitude of the nighttime shift in δ13Cl strongly depended on the daytime carbon assimilation rate and the range of nighttime variations in the respiratory substrate content. The ΔR,biomass in the C3 and C4 grasses varied in opposite directions with the intensification of the drought stress. The contribution of C4 plant-associated carbon flux is likely to be overestimated if carbon isotope signatures are used for the partitioning of ecosystem carbon exchange and the δ13C of biomass is used as a substitute for leaf dark-respired CO2. The detected drought sensitivities in δ13Cl and differences in respiratory apparent isotope fractionation between C3 and C4 grasses have marked implications for isotope partitioning studies at the ecosystem level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hua Chai
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yueqiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Jian-Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Xiong X, Zhou W, Cheng P, Wu S, Niu Z, Du H, Lu X, Fu Y, Burr GS. Δ 14CO 2 from dark respiration in plants and its impact on the estimation of atmospheric fossil fuel CO 2. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 169-170:79-84. [PMID: 28092812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiocarbon (14C) has been widely used for quantification of fossil fuel CO2 (CO2ff) in the atmosphere and for ecosystem source partitioning studies. The strength of the technique lies in the intrinsic differences between the 14C signature of fossil fuels and other sources. In past studies, the 14C content of CO2 derived from plants has been equated with the 14C content of the atmosphere. Carbon isotopic fractionation mechanisms vary among plants however, and experimental study on fractionation associated with dark respiration is lacking. Here we present accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon results of CO2 respired from 21 plants using a lab-incubation method and associated bulk organic matter. From the respired CO2 we determine Δ14Cres values, and from the bulk organic matter we determine Δ14Cbom values. A significant difference between Δ14Cres and Δ14Cbom (P < 0.01) was observed for all investigated plants, ranging from -42.3‰ to 10.1‰. The results show that Δ14Cres values are in agreement with mean atmospheric Δ14CO2 for several days leading up to the sampling date, but are significantly different from corresponding bulk organic Δ14C values. We find that although dark respiration is unlikely to significantly influence the estimation of CO2ff, an additional bias associated with the respiration rate during a plant's growth period should be considered when using Δ14C in plants to quantify atmospheric CO2ff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Peng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shugang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhenchuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yunchong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - George S Burr
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an AMS Center, Xi'an 710061, China
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