1
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Kumar D, Nadda R, Repaka R. Advances and challenges in organ-on-chip technology: toward mimicking human physiology and disease in vitro. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:1925-1957. [PMID: 38436835 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-024-03062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips have been tissues or three-dimensional (3D) mini-organs that comprise numerous cell types and have been produced on microfluidic chips to imitate the complicated structures and interactions of diverse cell types and organs under controlled circumstances. Several morphological and physiological distinctions exist between traditional 2D cultures, animal models, and the growing popular 3D cultures. On the other hand, animal models might not accurately simulate human toxicity because of physiological variations and interspecies metabolic capability. The on-chip technique allows for observing and understanding the process and alterations occurring in metastases. The present study aimed to briefly overview single and multi-organ-on-chip techniques. The current study addresses each platform's essential benefits and characteristics and highlights recent developments in developing and utilizing technologies for single and multi-organs-on-chips. The study also discusses the drawbacks and constraints associated with these models, which include the requirement for standardized procedures and the difficulties of adding immune cells and other intricate biological elements. Finally, a comprehensive review demonstrated that the organs-on-chips approach has a potential way of investigating organ function and disease. The advancements in single and multi-organ-on-chip structures can potentially increase drug discovery and minimize dependency on animal models, resulting in improved therapies for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Rahul Nadda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India.
| | - Ramjee Repaka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
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2
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Farhang Doost N, Srivastava SK. A Comprehensive Review of Organ-on-a-Chip Technology and Its Applications. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:225. [PMID: 38785699 PMCID: PMC11118005 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is an emerging technology that simulates an artificial organ within a microfluidic cell culture chip. Current cell biology research focuses on in vitro cell cultures due to various limitations of in vivo testing. Unfortunately, in-vitro cell culturing fails to provide an accurate microenvironment, and in vivo cell culturing is expensive and has historically been a source of ethical controversy. OOC aims to overcome these shortcomings and provide the best of both in vivo and in vitro cell culture research. The critical component of the OOC design is utilizing microfluidics to ensure a stable concentration gradient, dynamic mechanical stress modeling, and accurate reconstruction of a cellular microenvironment. OOC also has the advantage of complete observation and control of the system, which is impossible to recreate in in-vivo research. Multiple throughputs, channels, membranes, and chambers are constructed in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) array to simulate various organs on a chip. Various experiments can be performed utilizing OOC technology, including drug delivery research and toxicology. Current technological expansions involve multiple organ microenvironments on a single chip, allowing for studying inter-tissue interactions. Other developments in the OOC technology include finding a more suitable material as a replacement for PDMS and minimizing artefactual error and non-translatable differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soumya K. Srivastava
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
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3
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Shah D, Dave B, Chorawala MR, Prajapati BG, Singh S, M. Elossaily G, Ansari MN, Ali N. An Insight on Microfluidic Organ-on-a-Chip Models for PM 2.5-Induced Pulmonary Complications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13534-13555. [PMID: 38559954 PMCID: PMC10976395 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, lung fibrosis, and lung cancer pose a significant burden to global human health. Many of these complications arise as a result of exposure to particulate matter (PM), which has been examined in several preclinical and clinical trials for its effect on several respiratory diseases. Particulate matter of size less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) has been known to inflict unforeseen repercussions, although data from epidemiological studies to back this are pending. Conventionally utilized two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and preclinical animal models have provided insufficient benefits in emulating the in vivo physiological and pathological pulmonary conditions. Three-dimensional (3D) structural models, including organ-on-a-chip models, have experienced a developmental upsurge in recent times. Lung-on-a-chip models have the potential to simulate the specific features of the lungs. With the advancement of technology, an emerging and advanced technique termed microfluidic organ-on-a-chip has been developed with the aim of identifying the complexity of the respiratory cellular microenvironment of the body. In the present Review, the role of lung-on-a-chip modeling in reproducing pulmonary complications has been explored, with a specific emphasis on PM2.5-induced pulmonary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Shah
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L.
M. College of Pharmacy Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - Bhavarth Dave
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L.
M. College of Pharmacy Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - Mehul R. Chorawala
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L.
M. College of Pharmacy Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - Bhupendra G. Prajapati
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research,
Ganpat University, Mehsana, Gujarat 384012, India
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Office
of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Gehan M. Elossaily
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Park DH, He MT, Cho EJ, Morten K, Go JS. Development of a novel microfluidic perfusion 3D cell culture system for improved neuronal cell differentiation. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:22. [PMID: 37310518 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have recently gained popularity in the biomedical sciences because of their similarity to the in vivo environment. SH-SY5Y cells, which are neuronal cells and are commonly used to investigate neurodegenerative diseases, have particularly been reported to be differentiated as neuron-like cells expressing neuron-specific markers of mature neurons in static 3D culture environments when compared to static 2D environments, and those in perfusion environments have not yet been investigated. Microfluidic technology has provided perfusion environment which has more similarity to in vivo through mimicking vascular transportation of nutrients, but air bubbles entering into microchannels drastically increase instability of the flow. Furthermore, static incubation commonly used is incompatible with perfusion setup due to its air conditions, which is a critical huddle to the biologists. In the present study, we developed a novel microfluidic perfusion 3D cell culture system that overcomes the disturbance from air bubbles and intuitionally sets the incubation with the perfusion 3D culture. The system is capable of generating concentration gradients between 5 and 95% and air bubble traps were included to increase stability during incubation by collecting air bubbles. To evaluate the perfusion 3D culture, SH-SY5Y differentiation was examined in static 2D, static 3D, and perfusion 3D cultures. Our system supported significantly increased clustering of SH-SY5Y compared to static 2D and 3D methods, as well as increasing neurite growth rate. This novel system therefore supports differentiation of SH-SY5Y and can be used to more accurately model the in vivo environment during cell culture experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyeok Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Tong He
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Karl Morten
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeung Sang Go
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Fernandes J, Karra N, Swindle EJ, Morgan H. Droplet fluidics for time-dependent analysis of barrier permeability in an epithelial barrier on chip system. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14494-14500. [PMID: 37179995 PMCID: PMC10173818 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00470h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A droplet generator has been developed that interfaces with a barrier-on-chip platform for temporal analyte compartmentalisation and analysis. Droplets are generated every 20 minutes in 8 separate parallel microchannels, with an average droplet volume of 9.47 ± 0.6 μL, allowing simultaneous analysis of 8 different experiments. The device was tested using an epithelial barrier model by monitoring the diffusion of a fluorescent high molecular weight dextran molecule. The epithelial barrier was perturbed using detergent leading to a peak at 3-4 hours, correlating with simulations. For the untreated (control) a constant, very low level of dextran diffusion was observed. The epithelial cell barrier properties were also continuously measured using electrical impedance spectroscopy to extract an equivalent trans epithelial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Fernandes
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton UK
| | - Nikita Karra
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton UK
| | - Emily J Swindle
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton UK
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton UK
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6
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Mazio C, Scognamiglio LS, Passariello R, Panzetta V, Casale C, Urciuolo F, Galietta LJV, Imparato G, Netti PA. Easy-to-Build and Reusable Microfluidic Device for the Dynamic Culture of Human Bronchial Cystic Fibrosis Epithelia. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:2780-2792. [PMID: 37019688 PMCID: PMC10170479 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most frequent genetic diseases, caused by dysfunction of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel. CF particularly affects the epithelium of the respiratory system. Therapies aim at rescuing CFTR defects in the epithelium, but CF genetic heterogeneity hinders the finding of a single and generally effective treatment. Therefore, in vitro models have been developed to study CF and guide patient therapy. Here, we show a CF model on-chip by coupling the feasibility of the human bronchial epithelium differentiated in vitro at the air-liquid interface and the innovation of microfluidics. We demonstrate that the dynamic flow enhanced cilia distribution and increased mucus quantity, thus promoting tissue differentiation in a short time. The microfluidic devices highlighted differences between CF and non-CF epithelia, as shown by electrophysiological measures, mucus quantity, viscosity, and the analysis of ciliary beat frequency. The described model on-chip may be a handy instrument for studying CF and setting up therapies. As a proof of principle, we administrated the corrector VX-809 on-chip and observed a decrease in mucus thickness and viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mazio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)─Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura S Scognamiglio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)─Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Passariello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)─Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Panzetta
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Costantino Casale
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Urciuolo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luis J V Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Giorgia Imparato
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)─Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)─Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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7
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Bessa MJ, Brandão F, Rosário F, Moreira L, Reis AT, Valdiglesias V, Laffon B, Fraga S, Teixeira JP. Assessing the in vitro toxicity of airborne (nano)particles to the human respiratory system: from basic to advanced models. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:67-96. [PMID: 36692141 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2166638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have been conducted to address the potential adverse health risks attributed to exposure to nanoscale materials. While in vivo studies are fundamental for identifying the relationship between dose and occurrence of adverse effects, in vitro model systems provide important information regarding the mechanism(s) of action at the molecular level. With a special focus on exposure to inhaled (nano)particulate material toxicity assessment, this review provides an overview of the available human respiratory models and exposure systems for in vitro testing, advantages, limitations, and existing investigations using models of different complexity. A brief overview of the human respiratory system, pathway and fate of inhaled (nano)particles is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Bessa
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Brandão
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Rosário
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciana Moreira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Reis
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Departamento de Biología, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía - CICA, A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía - CICA, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sónia Fraga
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
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8
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Victorious A. Current Applications of Organ-on-a-Chip: A Step Closer to Personalized Medicine. BIO INTEGRATION 2022. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2022-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract In the pharmaceutical industry, a critical need exists for effective drug development approaches that better account for factors imposed by the physiological microenvironment. Organ-on-a-chip (OOAC)—a revolutionary technology that simulates human organs’
physiological milieu and performance on a chip—has applications in curing illnesses and drug screening, and enormous potential to transform the drug discovery workflow. However, the effective integration of this unique engineering system into ordinary pharmacological and medical contexts
remains in development. This Editorial summarizes current research on OOAC systems, and offers insight into future development prospects and the need for a next-generation OOAC framework.
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9
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Rahimnejad M, Rasouli F, Jahangiri S, Ahmadi S, Rabiee N, Ramezani Farani M, Akhavan O, Asadnia M, Fatahi Y, Hong S, Lee J, Lee J, Hahn SK. Engineered Biomimetic Membranes for Organ-on-a-Chip. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:5038-5059. [PMID: 36347501 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems are engineered nanobiosystems to mimic the physiochemical environment of a specific organ in the body. Among various components of OOC systems, biomimetic membranes have been regarded as one of the most important key components to develop controllable biomimetic bioanalysis systems. Here, we review the preparation and characterization of biomimetic membranes in comparison with the features of the extracellular matrix. After that, we review and discuss the latest applications of engineered biomimetic membranes to fabricate various organs on a chip, such as liver, kidney, intestine, lung, skin, heart, vasculature and blood vessels, brain, and multiorgans with perspectives for further biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Fariba Rasouli
- Bioceramics and Implants Laboratory, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174-66191, Iran
| | - Sepideh Jahangiri
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran.,School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Omid Akhavan
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Sanghoon Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Jungho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
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10
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Humbert MV, Spalluto CM, Bell J, Blume C, Conforti F, Davies ER, Dean LSN, Elkington P, Haitchi HM, Jackson C, Jones MG, Loxham M, Lucas JS, Morgan H, Polak M, Staples KJ, Swindle EJ, Tezera L, Watson A, Wilkinson TMA. Towards an artificial human lung: modelling organ-like complexity to aid mechanistic understanding. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2200455. [PMID: 35777774 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00455-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases account for over 5 million deaths yearly and are a huge burden to healthcare systems worldwide. Murine models have been of paramount importance to decode human lung biology in vivo, but their genetic, anatomical, physiological and immunological differences with humans significantly hamper successful translation of research into clinical practice. Thus, to clearly understand human lung physiology, development, homeostasis and mechanistic dysregulation that may lead to disease, it is essential to develop models that accurately recreate the extraordinary complexity of the human pulmonary architecture and biology. Recent advances in micro-engineering technology and tissue engineering have allowed the development of more sophisticated models intending to bridge the gap between the native lung and its replicates in vitro Alongside advanced culture techniques, remarkable technological growth in downstream analyses has significantly increased the predictive power of human biology-based in vitro models by allowing capture and quantification of complex signals. Refined integrated multi-omics readouts could lead to an acceleration of the translational pipeline from in vitro experimental settings to drug development and clinical testing in the future. This review highlights the range and complexity of state-of-the-art lung models for different areas of the respiratory system, from nasal to large airways, small airways and alveoli, with consideration of various aspects of disease states and their potential applications, including pre-clinical drug testing. We explore how development of optimised physiologically relevant in vitro human lung models could accelerate the identification of novel therapeutics with increased potential to translate successfully from the bench to the patient's bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Humbert
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cosma Mirella Spalluto
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- M.V. Humbert and C.M. Spalluto are co-first authors and contributed equally to this work
| | - Joseph Bell
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cornelia Blume
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Franco Conforti
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Davies
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lareb S N Dean
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul Elkington
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hans Michael Haitchi
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Claire Jackson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark G Jones
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew Loxham
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jane S Lucas
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marta Polak
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Karl J Staples
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emily J Swindle
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Liku Tezera
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alastair Watson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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11
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Karra N, Fernandes J, Swindle EJ, Morgan H. Integrating an aerosolized drug delivery device with conventional static cultures and a dynamic airway barrier microphysiological system. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:054102. [PMID: 36118260 PMCID: PMC9473724 DOI: 10.1063/5.0100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organ on a chip or microphysiological systems (MPSs) aim to resolve current challenges surrounding drug discovery and development resulting from an unrepresentative static cell culture or animal models that are traditionally used by generating a more physiologically relevant environment. Many different airway MPSs have been developed that mimic alveolar or bronchial interfaces, but few methods for aerosol drug delivery at the air-liquid interface exist. This work demonstrates a compact Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) drug delivery device that generates an aerosol of respirable size for delivery of compounds directly onto polarized or differentiated epithelial cell cultures within an airway barrier MPS and conventional static inserts. As proof of principle, the SAW drug delivery device was used to nebulize viral dsRNA analog poly I:C and steroids fluticasone and dexamethasone without disrupting their biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Karra
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Joao Fernandes
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hywel Morgan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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12
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Lakhdar R, Mumby S, Abubakar-Waziri H, Porter A, Adcock IM, Chung KF. Lung toxicity of particulates and gaseous pollutants using ex-vivo airway epithelial cell culture systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119323. [PMID: 35447256 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution consists of a multi-faceted mix of gases and ambient particulate matter (PM) with diverse organic and non-organic chemical components that contribute to increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide. In particular, epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that respiratory health is adversely affected by exposure to air pollution by both causing and worsening (exacerbating) diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. The molecular mechanisms of air pollution-induced pulmonary toxicity have been evaluated with regards to different types of PM of various sizes and concentrations with single and multiple exposures over different time periods. These data provide a plausible interrelationship between cellular toxicity and the activation of multiple biological processes including proinflammatory responses, oxidative stress, mitochondrial oxidative damage, autophagy, apoptosis, cell genotoxicity, cellular senescence and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, these molecular changes have been studied predominantly in cell lines rather than in primary bronchial or nasal cells from healthy subjects or those isolated from patients with airways disease. In addition, they have been conducted under different cell culture conditions and generally in submerged culture rather than the more relevant air-liquid interface culture and with a variety of air pollutant exposure protocols. Cell types may respond differentially to pollution delivered as an aerosol rather than being bathed in media containing agglomerations of particles. As a result, the actual pathophysiological pathways activated by different PMs in primary cells from the airways of healthy and asthmatic subjects remains unclear. This review summarises the literature on the different methodologies utilised in studying the impact of submicron-sized pollutants on cells derived from the respiratory tract with an emphasis on data obtained from primary human cell. We highlight the critical underlying molecular mechanisms that may be important in driving disease processes in response to air pollution in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Lakhdar
- National Heart and Lung Institute and *Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom.
| | - Sharon Mumby
- National Heart and Lung Institute and *Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom.
| | - Hisham Abubakar-Waziri
- National Heart and Lung Institute and *Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexandra Porter
- National Heart and Lung Institute and *Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom.
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute and *Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom.
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute and *Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom.
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13
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Fernandes J, Karra N, Bowring J, Reale R, James J, Blume C, Pell TJ, Rowan WC, Davies DE, Swindle EJ, Morgan H. Real-time monitoring of epithelial barrier function by impedance spectroscopy in a microfluidic platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2041-2054. [PMID: 35485428 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01046h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A multichannel microfluidic platform for real-time monitoring of epithelial barrier integrity by electrical impedance has been developed. Growth and polarization of human epithelial cells from the airway or gastrointestinal tract was continuously monitored over 5 days in 8 parallel, individually perfused microfluidic chips. Electrical impedance data were continuously recorded to monitor cell barrier formation using a low-cost bespoke impedance analyser. Data was analysed using an electric circuit model to extract the equivalent transepithelial electrical resistance and epithelial cell layer capacitance. The cell barrier integrity steadily increased overtime, achieving an average resistance of 418 ± 121 Ω cm2 (airway cells) or 207 ± 59 Ω cm2 (gastrointestinal cells) by day 5. The utility of the polarized airway epithelial barrier was demonstrated using a 24 hour challenge with double stranded RNA to mimic viral infection. This caused a rapid decrease in barrier integrity in association with disruption of tight junctions, whereas simultaneous treatment with a corticosteroid reduced this effect. The platform is able to measure barrier integrity in real-time and is scalable, thus has the potential to be used for drug development and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Fernandes
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Nikita Karra
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Joel Bowring
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Riccardo Reale
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Jonathan James
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Cornelia Blume
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - Theresa J Pell
- Novel Human Genetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Wendy C Rowan
- Novel Human Genetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Donna E Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - Emily J Swindle
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
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14
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Dabaghi M, Tiessen N, Cao Q, Chandiramohan A, Saraei N, Kim Y, Gupta T, Selvaganapathy PR, Hirota JA. Adhesive-Based Fabrication Technique for Culture of Lung Airway Epithelial Cells with Applications in Cell Patterning and Microfluidics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5301-5314. [PMID: 34696583 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a versatile and cost-effective cell culture method for micropatterning and growing adherent cells on porous membranes using pressure-sensitive double-sided adhesives. This technique also allows cell culture using conventional methods and their easy integration into microfluidic chip devices. Adhesives can be used to form different patterns of cultured cells, which can be used for cell proliferation and wound-healing models. To demonstrate the viability of our system, we evaluate the toxicity effect of five different adhesives on two distinct airway epithelial cell lines and show functional applications for cell patterning and microfluidic cell culture chip fabrication. We developed a sandwiched microfluidic device that enabled us to culture cells in a submerged condition and transformed it into a dynamic platform when required. The viability of cells and their inflammatory responses to IL-1β stimulation were investigated. Our technique is applicable for conventional culturing of cells, widely available in biomedical research labs, while enabling the introduction of perfusion for an advanced dynamic cell culture model when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhossein Dabaghi
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Tiessen
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Quynh Cao
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Abiram Chandiramohan
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Neda Saraei
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yechan Kim
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Tamaghna Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - P Ravi Selvaganapathy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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15
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Carius P, Dubois A, Ajdarirad M, Artzy-Schnirman A, Sznitman J, Schneider-Daum N, Lehr CM. PerfuPul-A Versatile Perfusable Platform to Assess Permeability and Barrier Function of Air Exposed Pulmonary Epithelia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:743236. [PMID: 34692661 PMCID: PMC8526933 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.743236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex in vitro models, especially those based on human cells and tissues, may successfully reduce or even replace animal models within pre-clinical development of orally inhaled drug products. Microfluidic lung-on-chips are regarded as especially promising models since they allow the culture of lung specific cell types under physiological stimuli including perfusion and air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions within a precisely controlled in vitro environment. Currently, though, such models are not available to a broad user community given their need for sophisticated microfabrication techniques. They further require systematic comparison to well-based filter supports, in analogy to traditional Transwells®. We here present a versatile perfusable platform that combines the advantages of well-based filter supports with the benefits of perfusion, to assess barrier permeability of and aerosol deposition on ALI cultured pulmonary epithelial cells. The platform as well as the required technical accessories can be reproduced via a detailed step-by-step protocol and implemented in typical bio-/pharmaceutical laboratories without specific expertise in microfabrication methods nor the need to buy costly specialized equipment. Calu-3 cells cultured under liquid covered conditions (LCC) inside the platform showed similar development of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) over a period of 14 days as cells cultured on a traditional Transwell®. By using a customized deposition chamber, fluorescein sodium was nebulized via a clinically relevant Aerogen® Solo nebulizer onto Calu-3 cells cultured under ALI conditions within the platform. This not only allowed to analyze the transport of fluorescein sodium after ALI deposition under perfusion, but also to compare it to transport under traditional static conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Carius
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Aurélie Dubois
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Morvarid Ajdarirad
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Arbel Artzy-Schnirman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nicole Schneider-Daum
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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16
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Booeshaghi AS, Kil Y(A, Min KH(J, Gehring J, Pachter L. Low-cost, scalable, and automated fluid sampling for fluidics applications. HARDWAREX 2021; 10:e00201. [PMID: 35607693 PMCID: PMC9123361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present colosseum, a low-cost, modular, and automated fluid sampling device for scalable fluidic applications. The colosseum fraction collector uses a single motor, can be built for less than $100 using off-the-shelf and 3D-printed components, and can be assembled in less than an hour. Build Instructions and source files are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4677604.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sina Booeshaghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yeokyoung (Anne) Kil
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kyung Hoi (Joseph) Min
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jase Gehring
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lior Pachter
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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17
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Organ-on-chip applications in drug discovery: an end user perspective. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1881-1890. [PMID: 34397080 PMCID: PMC8421049 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip (OoC) systems are in vitro microfluidic models that mimic the microstructures, functions and physiochemical environments of whole living organs more accurately than two-dimensional models. While still in their infancy, OoCs are expected to bring ground-breaking benefits to a myriad of applications, enabling more human-relevant candidate drug efficacy and toxicity studies, and providing greater insights into mechanisms of human disease. Here, we explore a selection of applications of OoC systems. The future directions and scope of implementing OoCs across the drug discovery process are also discussed.
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18
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Nossa R, Costa J, Cacopardo L, Ahluwalia A. Breathing in vitro: Designs and applications of engineered lung models. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211008696. [PMID: 33996022 PMCID: PMC8107677 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211008696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a systematic design guideline to users, particularly engineers interested in developing and deploying lung models, and biologists seeking to identify a suitable platform for conducting in vitro experiments involving pulmonary cells or tissues. We first discuss the state of the art on lung in vitro models, describing the most simplistic and traditional ones. Then, we analyze in further detail the more complex dynamic engineered systems that either provide mechanical cues, or allow for more predictive exposure studies, or in some cases even both. This is followed by a dedicated section on microchips of the lung. Lastly, we present a critical discussion of the different characteristics of each type of system and the criteria which may help researchers select the most appropriate technology according to their specific requirements. Readers are encouraged to refer to the tables accompanying the different sections where comprehensive and quantitative information on the operating parameters and performance of the different systems reported in the literature is provided.
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19
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Shrestha J, Ryan ST, Mills O, Zhand S, Razavi Bazaz S, Hansbro PM, Ghadiri M, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. A 3D-printed microfluidic platform for simulating the effects of CPAP on the nasal epithelium. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33561837 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abe4c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a chronic disorder that involves a decrease or complete cessation of airflow during sleep. It occurs when the muscles supporting the soft tissues in the throat relax during sleep, causing narrowing or closure of the upper airway. Sleep apnoea is a serious medical condition with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications and impaired quality of life. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the most effective treatment for moderate to severe cases of OSA and is effective in mild sleep apnoea. However, CPAP therapy is associated with the development of several nasal side effects and is inconvenient for the user, leading to low compliance rates. The effects of CPAP treatment on the upper respiratory system, as well as the pathogenesis of side effects, are incompletely understood and not adequately researched. To better understand the effects of CPAP treatment on the upper respiratory system, we developed an in vitro 3D-printed microfluidic platform. A nasal epithelial cell line, RPMI 2650, was then exposed to certain conditions to mimic the in-vivo environment. To create these conditions, the microfluidic device was utilized to expose nasal epithelial cells grown and differentiated at the air-liquid interface. The airflow was similar to what is experienced with CPAP, with pressure ranging between 0-20 cm of H20. Cells exposed to pressure showed decreased barrier integrity, change in cellular shape, and increased cell death (lactate dehydrogenase release into media) compared to unstressed cells. Stressed cells also showed increased secretions of inflammatory markers IL-6 and IL-8 and had increased production of ATP. Our results suggest that stress induced by airflow leads to structural, metabolic, and inflammatory changes in the nasal epithelium, which may be responsible for developing nasal side-effects following CPAP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Shrestha
- University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, AUSTRALIA
| | - Sean Thomas Ryan
- The University of Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, AUSTRALIA
| | - Oliver Mills
- The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, AUSTRALIA
| | - Sareh Zhand
- University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, AUSTRALIA
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Maliheh Ghadiri
- The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, AUSTRALIA
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, 15 Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, AUSTRALIA
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20
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Adams W, Espicha T, Estipona J. Getting Your Neutrophil: Neutrophil Transepithelial Migration in the Lung. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00659-20. [PMID: 33526562 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00659-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil transepithelial migration is a fundamental process that facilitates the rapid trafficking of neutrophils to inflammatory foci and occurs across a diverse range of tissues. For decades there has been widespread interest in understanding the mechanisms that drive this migratory process in response to different pathogens and organ systems. This has led to the successful integration of key findings on neutrophil transepithelial migration from the intestines, lungs, liver, genitourinary tract, and other tissues into a single, cohesive model. However, recent studies have identified organ specific differences in neutrophil transepithelial migration. These findings support a model where the tissue in concert with the pro-inflammatory stimuli dictate a unique collection of signals that drive neutrophil trafficking. This review focuses on the mechanisms that drive neutrophil transepithelial migration in response to microbial infection of a single organ, the lung. Herein we provide a detailed analysis of the adhesion molecules and chemoattractants that contribute to the recruitment of neutrophil into the airways. We also highlight important advances in experimental models for studying neutrophil transepithelial migration in the lung over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Adams
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA
| | - Taylor Espicha
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA
| | - Janine Estipona
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA
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21
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Wu Q, Liu J, Wang X, Feng L, Wu J, Zhu X, Wen W, Gong X. Organ-on-a-chip: recent breakthroughs and future prospects. Biomed Eng Online 2020; 19:9. [PMID: 32050989 PMCID: PMC7017614 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-020-0752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) is in the list of top 10 emerging technologies and refers to a physiological organ biomimetic system built on a microfluidic chip. Through a combination of cell biology, engineering, and biomaterial technology, the microenvironment of the chip simulates that of the organ in terms of tissue interfaces and mechanical stimulation. This reflects the structural and functional characteristics of human tissue and can predict response to an array of stimuli including drug responses and environmental effects. OOAC has broad applications in precision medicine and biological defense strategies. Here, we introduce the concepts of OOAC and review its application to the construction of physiological models, drug development, and toxicology from the perspective of different organs. We further discuss existing challenges and provide future perspectives for its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Wu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Lingyan Feng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Jinbo Wu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Weijia Wen
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Xiuqing Gong
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
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22
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Karra N, Swindle E, Morgan H. Drug delivery for traditional and emerging airway models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ooc.2020.100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Shrestha J, Ghadiri M, Shanmugavel M, Razavi Bazaz S, Vasilescu S, Ding L, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. A rapidly prototyped lung-on-a-chip model using 3D-printed molds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ooc.2020.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Ainslie GR, Davis M, Ewart L, Lieberman LA, Rowlands DJ, Thorley AJ, Yoder G, Ryan AM. Microphysiological lung models to evaluate the safety of new pharmaceutical modalities: a biopharmaceutical perspective. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3152-3161. [PMID: 31469131 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00492k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The lung is a complex organ; it is both the initial barrier for inhaled agents and the site of metabolism and therapeutic effect for a subset of systemically administered drugs. Comprised of more than 40 cell types that are responsible for various important functions, the lung's complexity contributes to the subsequent challenges in developing complex in vitro co-culture models (also called microphysiological systems (MPS), complex in vitro models or organs-on-a-chip). Although there are multiple considerations and limitations in the development and qualification of such in vitro systems, MPS exhibit great promise in the fields of pharmacology and toxicology. Successful development and implementation of MPS models may enable mechanistic bridging between non-clinical species and humans, and increase clinical relevance of safety endpoints, while decreasing overall animal use. This article summarizes, from a biopharmaceutical industry perspective, essential elements for the development and qualification of lung MPS models. Its purpose is to guide MPS developers and manufacturers to expedite MPS utilization for safety assessment in the biopharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett R Ainslie
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Theravance Biopharma US, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Advanced in vitro lung-on-chip platforms for inhalation assays: From prospect to pipeline. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 144:11-17. [PMID: 31499161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
With rapid advances in micro-fabrication processes and the availability of biologically-relevant lung cells, the development of lung-on-chip platforms is offering novel avenues for more realistic inhalation assays in pharmaceutical research, and thereby an opportunity to depart from traditional in vitro lung assays. As advanced models capturing the cellular pulmonary make-up at an air-liquid interface (ALI), lung-on-chips emulate both morphological features and biological functionality of the airway barrier with the ability to integrate respiratory breathing motions and ensuing tissue strains. Such in vitro systems allow importantly to mimic more realistic physiological respiratory flow conditions, with the opportunity to integrate physically-relevant transport determinants of aerosol inhalation therapy, i.e. recapitulating the pathway from airborne flight to deposition on the airway lumen. In this short opinion, we discuss such points and describe how these attributes are paving new avenues for exploring improved drug carrier designs (e.g. shape, size, etc.) and targeting strategies (e.g. conductive vs. respiratory regions) amongst other. We argue that while technical challenges still lie along the way in rendering in vitro lung-on-chip platforms more widespread across the general pharmaceutical research community, significant momentum is steadily underway in accelerating the prospect of establishing these as in vitro "gold standards".
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Artzy-Schnirman A, Zidan H, Elias-Kirma S, Ben-Porat L, Tenenbaum-Katan J, Carius P, Fishler R, Schneider-Daum N, Lehr CM, Sznitman J. Capturing the Onset of Bacterial Pulmonary Infection in Acini-On-Chips. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2019; 3:e1900026. [PMID: 32648651 PMCID: PMC7611792 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial invasion of the respiratory system leads to complex immune responses. In the deep alveolar regions, the first line of defense includes foremost the alveolar epithelium, the surfactant-rich liquid lining, and alveolar macrophages. Typical in vitro models come short of mimicking the complexity of the airway environment in the onset of airway infection; among others, they neither capture the relevant anatomical features nor the physiological flows innate of the acinar milieu. Here, novel microfluidic-based acini-on-chips that mimic more closely the native acinar airways at a true scale with an anatomically inspired, multigeneration alveolated tree are presented and an inhalation-like maneuver is delivered. Composed of human alveolar epithelial lentivirus immortalized cells and macrophages-like human THP-1 cells at an air-liquid interface, the models maintain critically an epithelial barrier with immune function. To demonstrate, the usability and versatility of the platforms, a realistic inhalation exposure assay mimicking bacterial infection is recapitulated, whereby the alveolar epithelium is exposed to lipopolysaccharides droplets directly aerosolized and the innate immune response is assessed by monitoring the secretion of IL8 cytokines. These efforts underscore the potential to deliver advanced in vitro biosystems that can provide new insights into drug screening as well as acute and subacute toxicity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbel Artzy-Schnirman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hikaia Zidan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shani Elias-Kirma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lee Ben-Porat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Janna Tenenbaum-Katan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Patrick Carius
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ramy Fishler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nicole Schneider-Daum
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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New Age Strategies To Reconstruct Mucosal Tissue Colonization and Growth in Cell Culture Systems. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7. [PMID: 30848233 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.bai-0013-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, in vitro cell culture systems have greatly expanded our understanding of host-pathogen interactions. However, studies using these models have been limited by the fact that they lack the complexity of the human body. Therefore, recent efforts that allow tissue architecture to be mimicked during in vitro culture have included the development of methods and technology that incorporate tissue structure, cellular composition, and efficient long-term culture. These advances have opened the door for the study of pathogens that previously could not be cultured and for the study of pathophysiological properties of infection that could not be easily elucidated using traditional culture models. Here we discuss the latest studies using organoids and engineering technology that have been developed and applied to the study of host-pathogen interactions in mucosal tissues.
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Marin TM, de Carvalho Indolfo N, Rocco SA, Basei FL, de Carvalho M, de Almeida Gonçalves K, Pagani E. Acetaminophen absorption and metabolism in an intestine/liver microphysiological system. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 299:59-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Castellani S, Di Gioia S, di Toma L, Conese M. Human Cellular Models for the Investigation of Lung Inflammation and Mucus Production in Cystic Fibrosis. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:3839803. [PMID: 30581723 PMCID: PMC6276497 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3839803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, mucus plugging, airway remodeling, and respiratory infections are the hallmarks of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. The airway epithelium is central in the innate immune responses to pathogens colonizing the airways, since it is involved in mucociliary clearance, senses the presence of pathogens, elicits an inflammatory response, orchestrates adaptive immunity, and activates mesenchymal cells. In this review, we focus on cellular models of the human CF airway epithelium that have been used for studying mucus production, inflammatory response, and airway remodeling, with particular reference to two- and three-dimensional cultures that better recapitulate the native airway epithelium. Cocultures of airway epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and fibroblasts are instrumental in disease modeling, drug discovery, and identification of novel therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, they have to be implemented in the CF field yet. Finally, novel systems hijacking on tissue engineering, including three-dimensional cocultures, decellularized lungs, microfluidic devices, and lung organoids formed in bioreactors, will lead the generation of relevant human preclinical respiratory models a step forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Castellani
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorena di Toma
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Tenenbaum-Katan J, Artzy-Schnirman A, Fishler R, Korin N, Sznitman J. Biomimetics of the pulmonary environment in vitro: A microfluidics perspective. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:042209. [PMID: 29887933 PMCID: PMC5973897 DOI: 10.1063/1.5023034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The entire luminal surface of the lungs is populated with a complex yet confluent, uninterrupted airway epithelium in conjunction with an extracellular liquid lining layer that creates the air-liquid interface (ALI), a critical feature of healthy lungs. Motivated by lung disease modelling, cytotoxicity studies, and drug delivery assessments amongst other, in vitro setups have been traditionally conducted using macroscopic cultures of isolated airway cells under submerged conditions or instead using transwell inserts with permeable membranes to model the ALI architecture. Yet, such strategies continue to fall short of delivering a sufficiently realistic physiological in vitro airway environment that cohesively integrates at true-scale three essential pillars: morphological constraints (i.e., airway anatomy), physiological conditions (e.g., respiratory airflows), and biological functionality (e.g., cellular makeup). With the advent of microfluidic lung-on-chips, there have been tremendous efforts towards designing biomimetic airway models of the epithelial barrier, including the ALI, and leveraging such in vitro scaffolds as a gateway for pulmonary disease modelling and drug screening assays. Here, we review in vitro platforms mimicking the pulmonary environment and identify ongoing challenges in reconstituting accurate biological airway barriers that still widely prevent microfluidic systems from delivering mainstream assays for the end-user, as compared to macroscale in vitro cell cultures. We further discuss existing hurdles in scaling up current lung-on-chip designs, from single airway models to more physiologically realistic airway environments that are anticipated to deliver increasingly meaningful whole-organ functions, with an outlook on translational and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Tenenbaum-Katan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Arbel Artzy-Schnirman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Rami Fishler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Netanel Korin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
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Faber SC, McCullough SD. Through the Looking Glass: In Vitro Models for Inhalation Toxicology and Interindividual Variability in the Airway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:115-128. [PMID: 31380467 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2018.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With 7 million deaths reported annually from air pollution alone, it is evident that adverse effects of inhaled toxicant exposures remain a major public health concern in the 21st century. Assessment and characterization of the impacts of air pollutants on human health stems from epidemiological and clinical studies, which have linked both outdoor and indoor air contaminant exposure to adverse pulmonary and cardiovascular health outcomes. Studies in animal models support epidemiological findings and have been critical in identifying systemic effects of environmental chemicals on cognitive abilities, liver disease, and metabolic dysfunction following inhalation exposure. Likewise, traditional monoculture systems have aided in identifying biomarkers of susceptibility to inhaled toxicants and served as a screening platform for safety assessment of pulmonary toxicants. Despite their contributions, in vivo and classic in vitro models have not been able to accurately represent the heterogeneity of the human population and account for interindividual variability in response to inhaled toxicants and susceptibility to the adverse health effects. Development of new technologies that can investigate genetic predisposition, are cost and time efficient, and are ethically sound, will enhance elucidation of mechanisms of inhalation toxicity, and aid in the development of novel pharmaceuticals and/or safety evaluation. This review will describe the classic and novel cell-based inhalation toxicity models and how these emerging technologies can be incorporated into regulatory or nonregulatory testing to address interindividual variability and improve overall human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Faber
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shaun D McCullough
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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De Rudder C, Calatayud Arroyo M, Lebeer S, Van de Wiele T. Modelling upper respiratory tract diseases: getting grips on host-microbe interactions in chronic rhinosinusitis using in vitro technologies. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:75. [PMID: 29690931 PMCID: PMC5913889 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses affecting approximately 11% of the adult population in Europe. Inadequate immune responses, as well as a dysbiosis of the sinonasal microbiota, have been put forward as aetiological factors of the disease. However, despite the prevalence of this disease, there is no consensus on the aetiology and mechanisms of pathogenesis of CRS. Further research requires in vitro models mimicking the healthy and diseased host environment along with the sinonasal microbiota. This review aims to provide an overview of CRS model systems and proposes in vitro modelling strategies to conduct mechanistic research in an ecological framework on the sinonasal microbiota and its interactions with the host in health and CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte De Rudder
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta Calatayud Arroyo
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Research Group of Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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33
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Suarez SS, Wu M. Microfluidic devices for the study of sperm migration. Mol Hum Reprod 2017; 23:227-234. [PMID: 27385726 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics technology offers us an opportunity to model the biophysical and biochemical environments encountered by sperm moving through the female reproductive tract and, at the same time, to study sperm swimming dynamics at a quantitative level. In humans, coitus results in the deposition of sperm in the vagina at the entrance to the cervix. Consequently, sperm must swim or be drawn through the cervix, uterus, uterotubal junction and oviductal isthmus to reach the oocyte in the oviductal ampulla. Only a very small percentage of inseminated sperm reach the ampulla in the periovulatory period, indicating that strong selection pressures act on sperm during migration. A better understanding of how sperm interact with the female tract would inspire improvements in diagnosis of fertility problems and development of novel-assisted reproductive technologies that minimize damage to sperm and mimic natural selection pressures on sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Suarez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - M Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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34
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Human lung epithelial cell cultures for analysis of inhaled toxicants: Lessons learned and future directions. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 47:137-146. [PMID: 29155131 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The epithelium that covers the conducting airways and alveoli is a primary target for inhaled toxic substances, and therefore a focus in inhalation toxicology. The increasing concern about the use of animal models has stimulated the development of in vitro cell culture models for analysis of the biological effects of inhaled toxicants. However, the validity of the current in vitro models and their acceptance by regulatory authorities as an alternative to animal models is a reason for concern, and requires a critical review. In this review, focused on human lung epithelial cell cultures as a model for inhalation toxicology, we discuss the choice of cells for these models, the cell culture system used, the method of exposure as well as the various read-outs to assess the cellular response. We argue that rapid developments in the 3D culture of primary epithelial cells, the use of induced pluripotent stem cells for generation of lung epithelial cells and the development of organ-on-a-chip technology are among the important developments that will allow significant advances in this field. Furthermore, we discuss the various routes of application of inhaled toxicants by air-liquid interface models as well as the vast array of read-outs that may provide essential information. We conclude that close collaboration between researchers from various disciplines is essential for development of valid methods that are suitable for replacement of animal studies for inhalation toxicology.
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35
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Al-Sayed AA, Agu RU, Massoud E. Models for the study of nasal and sinus physiology in health and disease: A review of the literature. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2017; 2:398-409. [PMID: 29299515 PMCID: PMC5743156 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic sinusitis is a very common yet poorly understood medical condition with significant morbidity. Hence, it remains an entity that is difficult to treat with unsatisfactory outcomes of current management options. This necessitates research into the etiology and pathophysiology of the condition to enhance our knowledge and the therapeutic options. Unfortunately, this kind of research is not always feasible on human subjects due to practical and ethical limitations. Therefore, an alternative model that simulates the disease had to be found in order to overcome these limitations. These models could either be in vivo or in vitro. The aim of our review is to summarize the research findings and key discoveries of both in vivo and in vitro models of chronic sinusitis that have enhanced our understanding of the condition today and have paved the way for the future research of tomorrow. Data Sources: PubMed literature review. Methods A review of the literature was conducted to identify the main successful in vivo and in vitro models for chronic sinusitis. Results Creating a successful model for chronic sinusitis is no easy task. Over the years, both in vivo animal models and in vitro tissue culture models were proposed, with each model having its accolades and pitfalls, with the ideal model remaining elusive to this day. However, advancing three‐dimensional cell culturing techniques seems to be a promising new way to find a more accurate model. Conclusion None of the current models is perfect for a thorough study of chronic sinusitis. However, three‐dimensional cell cultures have the potential to bridge the gap between in vivo and in vitro studies. Level of Evidence NA
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Al-Sayed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Remigius U Agu
- College of Pharmacy Dalhousie University, 5968 College Street, PO Box 1500 Halifax NS B3H4R2 Canada
| | - Emad Massoud
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
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Ewart L, Dehne EM, Fabre K, Gibbs S, Hickman J, Hornberg E, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Jang KJ, Jones DR, Lauschke VM, Marx U, Mettetal JT, Pointon A, Williams D, Zimmermann WH, Newham P. Application of Microphysiological Systems to Enhance Safety Assessment in Drug Discovery. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 58:65-82. [PMID: 29029591 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing the early detection of new therapies that are likely to carry a safety liability in the context of the intended patient population would provide a major advance in drug discovery. Microphysiological systems (MPS) technology offers an opportunity to support enhanced preclinical to clinical translation through the generation of higher-quality preclinical physiological data. In this review, we highlight this technological opportunity by focusing on key target organs associated with drug safety and metabolism. By focusing on MPS models that have been developed for these organs, alongside other relevant in vitro models, we review the current state of the art and the challenges that still need to be overcome to ensure application of this technology in enhancing drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Ewart
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom;
| | | | - Kristin Fabre
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
| | - Ellinor Hornberg
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - David R Jones
- Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London SW1W 9SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jerome T Mettetal
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA
| | - Amy Pointon
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom;
| | - Dominic Williams
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom;
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Goettingen 37075, Germany
| | - Peter Newham
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom;
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Bovard D, Iskandar A, Luettich K, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC. Organs-on-a-chip. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847317726351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, considerable attention has been given to in vitro models in an attempt to reduce the use of animals and to decrease the rate of preclinical failure associated with the development of new drugs. Simple two-dimensional cultures grown in a dish are now frequently replaced by organotypic cultures with three-dimensional (3-D) architecture, which enables interactions between cells, promoting their differentiation and increasing their in vivo likeness. Microengineering now enables the incorporation of small devices into 3-D culture models to reproduce the complex microenvironment of the modeled organ, often referred to as organs-on-a-chip (OoCs). This review describes various OoCs developed to mimic liver, brain, kidney, and lung tissues. Current challenges encountered in attempts to recreate the in vivo environment are described, as well as some examples of OoCs. Finally, attention is given to the ongoing evolution of OoCs with the aim of solving one of the major limitations in that they can only represent a single organ. Multi-organ-on-a-chip (MOC) systems mimic organ interactions observed in the human body and aim to provide the features of compound uptake, metabolism, and excretion, while simultaneously allowing for insights into biological effects. MOCs might therefore represent a new paradigm in drug development, providing a better understanding of dose responses and mechanisms of toxicity, enabling the detection of drug resistance and supporting the evaluation of pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamics parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bovard
- Philip Morris Products SA, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris Products SA, Neuchatel, Switzerland
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Mertens TCJ, Karmouty-Quintana H, Taube C, Hiemstra PS. Use of airway epithelial cell culture to unravel the pathogenesis and study treatment in obstructive airway diseases. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:101-113. [PMID: 28502841 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are considered as two distinct obstructive diseases. Both chronic diseases share a component of airway epithelial dysfunction. The airway epithelium is localized to deal with inhaled substances, and functions as a barrier preventing penetration of such substances into the body. In addition, the epithelium is involved in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses following inhalation of particles, allergens and pathogens. Through triggering and inducing immune responses, airway epithelial cells contribute to the pathogenesis of both asthma and COPD. Various in vitro research models have been described to study airway epithelial cell dysfunction in asthma and COPD. However, various considerations and cautions have to be taken into account when designing such in vitro experiments. Epithelial features of asthma and COPD can be modelled by using a variety of disease-related invoking substances either alone or in combination, and by the use of primary cells isolated from patients. Differentiation is a hallmark of airway epithelial cells, and therefore models should include the ability of cells to differentiate, as can be achieved in air-liquid interface models. More recently developed in vitro models, including precision cut lung slices, lung-on-a-chip, organoids and human induced pluripotent stem cells derived cultures, provide novel state-of-the-art alternatives to the conventional in vitro models. Furthermore, advanced models in which cells are exposed to respiratory pathogens, aerosolized medications and inhaled toxic substances such as cigarette smoke and air pollution are increasingly used to model e.g. acute exacerbations. These exposure models are relevant to study how epithelial features of asthma and COPD are affected and provide a useful tool to study the effect of drugs used in treatment of asthma and COPD. These new developments are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the complex gene-environment interactions that contribute to development and progression of asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinne C J Mertens
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Blume C, Reale R, Held M, Loxham M, Millar TM, Collins JE, Swindle EJ, Morgan H, Davies DE. Cellular crosstalk between airway epithelial and endothelial cells regulates barrier functions during exposure to double-stranded RNA. Immun Inflamm Dis 2017; 5:45-56. [PMID: 28250924 PMCID: PMC5322162 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The epithelial and endothelial barriers of the airway mucosa are critical for regulation of tissue homeostasis and protection against pathogens or other tissue damaging agents. In response to a viral infection, epithelial cells must signal to the endothelium to initiate immune cell recruitment. This is a highly temporal regulated process; however, the mechanisms of this cross-talk are not fully understood. METHODS In a close-contact co-culture model of human airway epithelial and endothelial cells, cellular crosstalk was analyzed using transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) measurements, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and ELISA. Viral infections were simulated by exposing airway epithelial cells apically to double-stranded RNA (Poly(I:C)). Using a microfluidic culture system, the temporal release of mediators was analyzed in the co-culture model. RESULTS Within 4 h of challenge, double-stranded RNA induced the release of TNF-α by epithelial cells. This activated endothelial cells by triggering the release of the chemoattractant CX3CL1 (fractalkine) by 8 h post-challenge and expression of adhesion molecules E-selectin and ICAM-1. These responses were significantly reduced by neutralising TNF-α. CONCLUSION By facilitating kinetic profiling, the microfluidic co-culture system has enabled identification of a key signaling mechanism between the epithelial and endothelial barriers. Better understanding of cell-cell cross-talk and its regulatory mechanisms has the potential to identify new therapeutic strategies to control airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Blume
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Reale
- Electronics and Computer SciencesFaculty of Physical and Applied SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marie Held
- Electronics and Computer SciencesFaculty of Physical and Applied SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew Loxham
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Timothy M. Millar
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jane E. Collins
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Emily J. Swindle
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- National Institute for Health ResearchSouthampton Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitUniversity Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Electronics and Computer SciencesFaculty of Physical and Applied SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Donna E. Davies
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- National Institute for Health ResearchSouthampton Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitUniversity Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
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Schilders KAA, Eenjes E, van Riet S, Poot AA, Stamatialis D, Truckenmüller R, Hiemstra PS, Rottier RJ. Regeneration of the lung: Lung stem cells and the development of lung mimicking devices. Respir Res 2016; 17:44. [PMID: 27107715 PMCID: PMC4842297 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the increasing burden of lung associated diseases in society and an growing demand to accommodate patients, great efforts by the scientific community produce an increasing stream of data that are focused on delineating the basic principles of lung development and growth, as well as understanding the biomechanical properties to build artificial lung devices. In addition, the continuing efforts to better define the disease origin, progression and pathology by basic scientists and clinicians contributes to insights in the basic principles of lung biology. However, the use of different model systems, experimental approaches and readout systems may generate somewhat conflicting or contradictory results. In an effort to summarize the latest developments in the lung epithelial stem cell biology, we provide an overview of the current status of the field. We first describe the different stem cells, or progenitor cells, residing in the homeostatic lung. Next, we focus on the plasticity of the different cell types upon several injury-induced activation or repair models, and highlight the regenerative capacity of lung cells. Lastly, we summarize the generation of lung mimics, such as air-liquid interface cultures, organoids and lung on a chip, that are required to test emerging hypotheses. Moreover, the increasing collaboration between distinct specializations will contribute to the eventual development of an artificial lung device capable of assisting reduced lung function and capacity in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A A Schilders
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Eenjes
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander van Riet
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André A Poot
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Stamatialis
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Truckenmüller
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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41
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Modeling Barrier Tissues In Vitro: Methods, Achievements, and Challenges. EBioMedicine 2016; 5:30-9. [PMID: 27077109 PMCID: PMC4816829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip devices have gained attention in the field of in vitro modeling due to their superior ability in recapitulating tissue environments compared to traditional multiwell methods. These constructed growth environments support tissue differentiation and mimic tissue-tissue, tissue-liquid, and tissue-air interfaces in a variety of conditions. By closely simulating the in vivo biochemical and biomechanical environment, it is possible to study human physiology in an organ-specific context and create more accurate models of healthy and diseased tissues, allowing for observations in disease progression and treatment. These chip devices have the ability to help direct, and perhaps in the distant future even replace animal-based drug efficacy and toxicity studies, which have questionable relevance to human physiology. Here, we review recent developments in the in vitro modeling of barrier tissue interfaces with a focus on the use of novel and complex microfluidic device platforms.
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Kimura S, Kasatani S, Tanaka M, Araki K, Enomura M, Moriyama K, Inoue D, Furubayashi T, Tanaka A, Kusamori K, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Importance of the Direct Contact of Amorphous Solid Particles with the Surface of Monolayers for the Transepithelial Permeation of Curcumin. Mol Pharm 2015; 13:493-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kimura
- Department
of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi
Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Sachiha Kasatani
- Department
of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi
Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Megumi Tanaka
- Department
of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi
Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kaeko Araki
- M Technique
Co.,
Ltd., 2-2-16 Technostage, Izumi, Osaka 594-1144, Japan
| | - Masakazu Enomura
- M Technique
Co.,
Ltd., 2-2-16 Technostage, Izumi, Osaka 594-1144, Japan
| | - Kei Moriyama
- School
of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka, Okayama 703-8111, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- School
of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka, Okayama 703-8111, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furubayashi
- School
of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka, Okayama 703-8111, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanaka
- Department
of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi
Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kusamori
- Department
of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi
Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Katsumi
- Department
of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi
Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Department
of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi
Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department
of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi
Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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