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Wani SR, Dubey AA, Jain V. Ms6244 is a novel Mycobacterium smegmatis TetR family transcriptional repressor that regulates cell growth and morphophysiology. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:1428-1440. [PMID: 36694284 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional factors such as the TetR family of transcriptional regulators (TFTRs) are widely found amongst bacteria, including mycobacteria, and are accountable for their survival. Here, we characterized a novel TFTR, Ms6244, from Mycobacterium smegmatis that negatively autoregulates its expression and represses its neighbouring gene, Ms6243. We also report the binding of Ms6244 to the inverted repeats in the intergenic region of Ms6244 and Ms6243. Further, an Ms6244-deleted strain shows various morpho-physiological differences compared to the wild type. We further confirmed that the deletion of Ms6244 itself and not the resultant Ms6243 overexpression is the cause of the altered physiology. Our data thus suggest that Ms6244 is an essential regulator, having far-reaching effects on M. smegmatis physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Rajesh Wani
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India
| | - Abhishek Anil Dubey
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India
| | - Vikas Jain
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India
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2
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Braga GÚL, Silva-Junior GJ, Brancini GTP, Hallsworth JE, Wainwright M. Photoantimicrobials in agriculture. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 235:112548. [PMID: 36067596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Classical approaches for controlling plant pathogens may be impaired by the development of pathogen resistance to chemical pesticides and by limited availability of effective antimicrobial agents. Recent increases in consumer awareness of and/or legislation regarding environmental and human health, and the urgent need to improve food security, are driving increased demand for safer antimicrobial strategies. Therefore, there is a need for a step change in the approaches used for controlling pre- and post-harvest diseases and foodborne human pathogens. The use of light-activated antimicrobial substances for the so-called antimicrobial photodynamic treatment is known to be effective not only in a clinical context, but also for use in agriculture to control plant-pathogenic fungi and bacteria, and to eliminate foodborne human pathogens from seeds, sprouted seeds, fruits, and vegetables. Here, we take a holistic approach to review and re-evaluate recent findings on: (i) the ecology of naturally-occurring photoantimicrobials, (ii) photodynamic processes including the light-activated antimicrobial activities of some plant metabolites, and (iii) fungus-induced photosensitization of plants. The inhibitory mechanisms of both natural and synthetic light-activated substances, known as photosensitizers, are discussed in the contexts of microbial stress biology and agricultural biotechnology. Their modes-of-antimicrobial action make them neither stressors nor toxins/toxicants (with specific modes of poisonous activity), but a hybrid/combination of both. We highlight the use of photoantimicrobials for the control of plant-pathogenic fungi and quantify their potential contribution to global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Ú L Braga
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil.
| | | | - Guilherme T P Brancini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark Wainwright
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom.
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3
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Świderska-Burek U, Daub ME, Thomas E, Jaszek M, Pawlik A, Janusz G. Phytopathogenic Cercosporoid Fungi-From Taxonomy to Modern Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8555. [PMID: 33202799 PMCID: PMC7697478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic cercosporoid fungi have been investigated comprehensively due to their important role in causing plant diseases. A significant amount of research has been focused on the biology, morphology, systematics, and taxonomy of this group, with less of a focus on molecular or biochemical issues. Early and extensive research on these fungi focused on taxonomy and their classification based on in vivo features. Lately, investigations have mainly addressed a combination of characteristics such as morphological traits, host specificity, and molecular analyses initiated at the end of the 20th century. Some species that are important from an economic point of view have been more intensively investigated by means of genetic and biochemical methods to better understand the pathogenesis processes. Cercosporin, a photoactivated toxin playing an important role in Cercospora diseases, has been extensively studied. Understanding cercosporin toxicity in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production facilitated the discovery and regulation of the cercosporin biosynthesis pathway, including the gene cluster encoding pathway enzymes. Furthermore, these fungi may be a source of other biotechnologically important compounds, e.g., industrially relevant enzymes. This paper reviews methods and important results of investigations of this group of fungi addressed at different levels over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Świderska-Burek
- Department of Botany, Mycology and Ecology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Margaret E. Daub
- Department Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612, USA; (M.E.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Elizabeth Thomas
- Department Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612, USA; (M.E.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Magdalena Jaszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.J.); (A.P.); (G.J.)
| | - Anna Pawlik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.J.); (A.P.); (G.J.)
| | - Grzegorz Janusz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.J.); (A.P.); (G.J.)
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4
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Thomas E, Herrero S, Eng H, Gomaa N, Gillikin J, Noar R, Beseli A, Daub ME. Engineering Cercospora disease resistance via expression of Cercospora nicotianae cercosporin-resistance genes and silencing of cercosporin production in tobacco. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230362. [PMID: 32176712 PMCID: PMC7075572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi in the genus Cercospora cause crop losses world-wide on many crop species. The wide host range and success of these pathogens has been attributed to the production of a photoactivated toxin, cercosporin. We engineered tobacco for resistance to Cercospora nicotianae utilizing two strategies: 1) transformation with cercosporin autoresistance genes isolated from the fungus, and 2) transformation with constructs to silence the production of cercosporin during disease development. Three C. nicotianae cercosporin autoresistance genes were tested: ATR1 and CFP, encoding an ABC and an MFS transporter, respectively, and 71cR, which encodes a hypothetical protein. Resistance to the pathogen was identified in transgenic lines expressing ATR1 and 71cR, but not in lines transformed with CFP. Silencing of the CTB1 polyketide synthase and to a lesser extent the CTB8 pathway regulator in the cercosporin biosynthetic pathway also led to the recovery of resistant lines. All lines tested expressed the transgenes, and a direct correlation between the level of transgene expression and disease resistance was not identified in any line. Resistance was also not correlated with the degree of silencing in the CTB1 and CTB8 silenced lines. We conclude that expression of fungal cercosporin autoresistance genes as well as silencing of the cercosporin pathway are both effective strategies for engineering resistance to Cercospora diseases where cercosporin plays a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Thomas
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Sonia Herrero
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Hayde Eng
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Nafisa Gomaa
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Al Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Jeff Gillikin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Roslyn Noar
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Aydin Beseli
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Margaret E. Daub
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
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Savi DC, Shaaban KA, Gos FMWR, Ponomareva LV, Thorson JS, Glienke C, Rohr J. Phaeophleospora vochysiae Savi & Glienke sp. nov. Isolated from Vochysia divergens Found in the Pantanal, Brazil, Produces Bioactive Secondary Metabolites. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3122. [PMID: 29449610 PMCID: PMC5814415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms associated with plants are highly diverse and can produce a large number of secondary metabolites, with antimicrobial, anti-parasitic and cytotoxic activities. We are particularly interested in exploring endophytes from medicinal plants found in the Pantanal, a unique and widely unexplored wetland in Brazil. In a bio-prospecting study, strains LGMF1213 and LGMF1215 were isolated as endophytes from Vochysia divergens, and by morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses were characterized as Phaeophleospora vochysiae sp. nov. The chemical assessment of this species reveals three major compounds with high biological activity, cercoscosporin (1), isocercosporin (2) and the new compound 3-(sec-butyl)-6-ethyl-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylcyclohex-2-enone (3). Besides the isolation of P. vochysiae as endophyte, the production of cercosporin compounds suggest that under specific conditions this species causes leaf spots, and may turn into a pathogen, since leaf spots are commonly caused by species of Cercospora that produce related compounds. In addition, the new compound 3-(sec-butyl)-6-ethyl-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylcyclohex-2-enone showed considerable antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity, which needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiani C Savi
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210. CEP, 81531-970, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Khaled A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Francielly Maria Wilke Ramos Gos
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210. CEP, 81531-970, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Larissa V Ponomareva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210. CEP, 81531-970, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA.
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Stevanato P, Broccanello C, Pajola L, Biscarini F, Richards C, Panella L, Hassani M, Formentin E, Chiodi C, Concheri G, Heidari B. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Identification of Mutations in Disease Resistance Gene Analogs (RGAs) in Wild and Cultivated Beets. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8100264. [PMID: 29019931 PMCID: PMC5664114 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance gene analogs (RGAs) were searched bioinformatically in the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) genome as potential candidates for improving resistance against different diseases. In the present study, Ion Torrent sequencing technology was used to identify mutations in 21 RGAs. The DNA samples of ninety-six individuals from six sea beets (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. maritima) and six sugar beet pollinators (eight individuals each) were used for the discovery of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Target amplicons of about 200 bp in length were designed with the Ion AmpliSeq Designer system in order to cover the DNA sequences of the RGAs. The number of SNPs ranged from 0 in four individuals to 278 in the pollinator R740 (which is resistant to rhizomania infection). Among different groups of beets, cytoplasmic male sterile lines had the highest number of SNPs (132) whereas the lowest number of SNPs belonged to O-types (95). The principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showed that the polymorphisms inside the gene Bv8_184910_pkon (including the CCCTCC sequence) can effectively differentiate wild from cultivated beets, pointing at a possible mutation associated to rhizomania resistance that originated directly from cultivated beets. This is unlike other resistance sources that are introgressed from wild beets. This gene belongs to the receptor-like kinase (RLK) class of RGAs, and is associated to a hypothetical protein. In conclusion, this first report of using Ion Torrent sequencing technology in beet germplasm suggests that the identified sequence CCCTCC can be used in marker-assisted programs to differentiate wild from domestic beets and to identify other unknown disease resistance genes in beet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiorgio Stevanato
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Natural Resources and Environment-DAFNAE, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy; (P.S.); (C.B.); (L.P.); (C.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Chiara Broccanello
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Natural Resources and Environment-DAFNAE, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy; (P.S.); (C.B.); (L.P.); (C.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Luca Pajola
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Natural Resources and Environment-DAFNAE, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy; (P.S.); (C.B.); (L.P.); (C.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Filippo Biscarini
- Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, CF14 4XN Cardiff, UK
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Chris Richards
- USDA-ARS, National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, 80521 CO, USA;
| | - Lee Panella
- Colorado State University, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Fort Collins, 80521 CO, USA;
| | - Mahdi Hassani
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 7144165186 Shiraz, Iran; (B.H.); (M.H.)
- Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), 315854114 Karaj, Iran
| | - Elide Formentin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudia Chiodi
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Natural Resources and Environment-DAFNAE, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy; (P.S.); (C.B.); (L.P.); (C.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Concheri
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Natural Resources and Environment-DAFNAE, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy; (P.S.); (C.B.); (L.P.); (C.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Bahram Heidari
- Colorado State University, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Fort Collins, 80521 CO, USA;
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