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Wu Y, Lan Y, Mao J, Shen J, Kang T, Xie Z. The interaction between the nervous system and the stomatognathic system: from development to diseases. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:34. [PMID: 37580325 PMCID: PMC10425412 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between the nerve and stomatognathic systems plays a more important role in organismal health than previously appreciated with the presence of emerging concept of the "brain-oral axis". A deeper understanding of the intricate interaction between the nervous system and the stomatognathic system is warranted, considering their significant developmental homology and anatomical proximity, and the more complex innervation of the jawbone compared to other skeletons. In this review, we provide an in-depth look at studies concerning neurodevelopment, craniofacial development, and congenital anomalies that occur when the two systems develop abnormally. It summarizes the cross-regulation between nerves and jawbones and the effects of various states of the jawbone on intrabony nerve distribution. Diseases closely related to both the nervous system and the stomatognathic system are divided into craniofacial diseases caused by neurological illnesses, and neurological diseases caused by an aberrant stomatognathic system. The two-way relationships between common diseases, such as periodontitis and neurodegenerative disorders, and depression and oral diseases were also discussed. This review provides valuable insights into novel strategies for neuro-skeletal tissue engineering and early prevention and treatment of orofacial and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Wu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Lan
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Mao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Shen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Kang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhijian Xie
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Azevedo MDCS, Fonseca AC, Colavite PM, Melchiades JL, Tabanez AP, Codo AC, de Medeiros AI, Trombone APF, Garlet GP. Macrophage Polarization and Alveolar Bone Healing Outcome: Despite a Significant M2 Polarizing Effect, VIP and PACAP Treatments Present a Minor Impact in Alveolar Bone Healing in Homeostatic Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:782566. [PMID: 34992601 PMCID: PMC8724033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.782566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Host inflammatory immune response comprises an essential element of the bone healing process, where M2 polarization allegedly contributes to a favorable healing outcome. In this context, immunoregulatory molecules that modulate host response, including macrophage polarization, are considered potential targets for improving bone healing. This study aims to evaluate the role of the immunoregulatory molecules VIP (Vasoactive intestinal peptide) and PACAP (Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide), which was previously described to favor the development of the M2 phenotype, in the process of alveolar bone healing in C57Bl/6 (WT) mice. Experimental groups were submitted to tooth extraction and maintained under control conditions or treated with VIP or PACAP were evaluated by microtomographic (µCT), histomorphometric, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis at 0, 3, 7, and 14 days to quantify tissue healing and host response indicators at the healing site. Gene expression analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of VIP or PACAP in modulating host response, evidenced by the early dominance of an M2-type response, which was paralleled by a significant increase in M2 (CD206+) in treated groups. However, despite the marked effect of M1/M2 balance in the healing sites, the histomorphometric analysis does not reveal an equivalent/corresponding modulation of the healing process. µCT reveals a slight increase in bone matrix volume and the trabecular thickness number in the PACAP group, while histomorphometric analyzes reveal a slight increase in the VIP group, both at a 14-d time-point; despite the increased expression of osteogenic factors, osteoblastic differentiation, activity, and maturation markers in both VIP and PACAP groups. Interestingly, a lower number of VIP and PACAP immunolabeled cells were observed in the treated groups, suggesting a reduction in endogenous production. In conclusion, while both VIP and PACAP treatments presented a significant immunomodulatory effect with potential for increased healing, no major changes were observed in bone healing outcome, suggesting that the signals required for bone healing under homeostatic conditions are already optimal, and additional signals do not improve an already optimal process. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of macrophage polarization in the bone healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angélica Cristina Fonseca
- Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Biological Sciences, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Priscila Maria Colavite
- Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Biological Sciences, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Lima Melchiades
- Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Biological Sciences, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - André Petenuci Tabanez
- Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Biological Sciences, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ana Campos Codo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Immunology, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Ivo de Medeiros
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Immunology, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
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Li C, Fennessy P. The periosteum: a simple tissue with many faces, with special reference to the antler-lineage periostea. Biol Direct 2021; 16:17. [PMID: 34663443 PMCID: PMC8522104 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00310-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periosteum is a thin membrane covering bone surfaces and consists of two layers: outer fibrous layer and inner cambium layer. Simple appearance of periosteum has belied its own complexity as a composite structure for physical bone protection, mechano-sensor for sensing mechanical loading, reservoir of biochemical molecules for initiating cascade signaling, niche of osteogenic cells for bone formation and repair, and "umbilical cord" for nourishing bone tissue. Periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) have stem cell attributes: self-renewal (no signs of senescence until 80 population doublings) and multipotency (differentiate into fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and skeletal myocytes). In this review, we summarized the currently available knowledge about periosteum and with special references to antler-lineage periostea, and demonstrated that although periosteum is a type of simple tissue in appearance, with multiple faces in functions; antler-lineage periostea add another dimension to the properties of somatic periostea: capable of initiation of ectopic organ formation upon transplantation and full mammalian organ regeneration when interacted with the covering skin. Very recently, we have translated this finding into other mammals, i.e. successfully induced partial regeneration of the amputated rat legs. We believe further refinement along this line would greatly benefit human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Li
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, 1345 Pudong Rd., Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China.
| | - Peter Fennessy
- AbacusBio Limited, 442 Moray Place, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Three-dimensional radiographic and histological tracking of rat mandibular defect repair after inferior alveolar nerve axotomy. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 131:105252. [PMID: 34500260 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To sequentially track mandibular defect repair by using radiographic and histological techniques, so as to compare repair patterns of sensory denervated versus innervated mandibles. DESIGN Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) axotomy and bilateral 3 mm full-thickness circular osteotomy of their mandibles. Micro-CT and histological staining were applied to track the repair process of the mandibular defects at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. RESULTS The bone volume of both sides increased by 2 weeks post-operation, and then gradually decreased. The new bone volumes of the axotomy side were significantly less than that of the sham side at 1, 2, and 4 weeks post-surgery, whereas no significant differences were detected at 8 weeks post-surgery. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in bone mineral density between the two sides during repair. Noteworthy, the repaired bone remained more vertically than horizontally aligned throughout the repair process. CONCLUSION IAN axotomy decreases the quantity of bone calluses during the early stage of mandibular defect repair, but with no effect on the degree of mineralization. The shape of the defect area appeared to be aligned with the direction of local mechanical force produced by masticatory muscles.
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Wan Q, Qin W, Ma Y, Shen M, Li J, Zhang Z, Chen J, Tay FR, Niu L, Jiao K. Crosstalk between Bone and Nerves within Bone. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003390. [PMID: 33854888 PMCID: PMC8025013 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
For the past two decades, the function of intrabony nerves on bone has been a subject of intense research, while the function of bone on intrabony nerves is still hidden in the corner. In the present review, the possible crosstalk between bone and intrabony peripheral nerves will be comprehensively analyzed. Peripheral nerves participate in bone development and repair via a host of signals generated through the secretion of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, axon guidance factors and neurotrophins, with additional contribution from nerve-resident cells. In return, bone contributes to this microenvironmental rendezvous by housing the nerves within its internal milieu to provide mechanical support and a protective shelf. A large ensemble of chemical, mechanical, and electrical cues works in harmony with bone marrow stromal cells in the regulation of intrabony nerves. The crosstalk between bone and nerves is not limited to the physiological state, but also involved in various bone diseases including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, heterotopic ossification, psychological stress-related bone abnormalities, and bone related tumors. This crosstalk may be harnessed in the design of tissue engineering scaffolds for repair of bone defects or be targeted for treatment of diseases related to bone and peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian‐Qian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Wen‐Pin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Yu‐Xuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Min‐Juan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Zi‐Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Ji‐Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- College of Graduate StudiesAugusta UniversityAugustaGA30912USA
| | - Li‐Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
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Brazill JM, Beeve AT, Craft CS, Ivanusic JJ, Scheller EL. Nerves in Bone: Evolving Concepts in Pain and Anabolism. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1393-1406. [PMID: 31247122 PMCID: PMC6697229 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The innervation of bone has been described for centuries, and our understanding of its function has rapidly evolved over the past several decades to encompass roles of subtype-specific neurons in skeletal homeostasis. Current research has been largely focused on the distribution and function of specific neuronal populations within bone, as well as their cellular and molecular relationships with target cells in the bone microenvironment. This review provides a historical perspective of the field of skeletal neurobiology that highlights the diverse yet interconnected nature of nerves and skeletal health, particularly in the context of bone anabolism and pain. We explore what is known regarding the neuronal subtypes found in the skeleton, their distribution within bone compartments, and their central projection pathways. This neuroskeletal map then serves as a foundation for a comprehensive discussion of the neural control of skeletal development, homeostasis, repair, and bone pain. Active synthesis of this research recently led to the first biotherapeutic success story in the field. Specifically, the ongoing clinical trials of anti-nerve growth factor therapeutics have been optimized to titrated doses that effectively alleviate pain while maintaining bone and joint health. Continued collaborations between neuroscientists and bone biologists are needed to build on this progress, leading to a more complete understanding of neural regulation of the skeleton and development of novel therapeutics. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Brazill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alec T Beeve
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clarissa S Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason J Ivanusic
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Hassan B, Fouilloux I, Baroukh B, Llorens A, Biosse Duplan M, Gosset M, Cherruau M, Saffar JL. Coordination of early cellular reactions during activation of bone resorption in the rat mandible periosteum: An immunohistochemical study. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00430. [PMID: 29226261 PMCID: PMC5714552 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation step of bone remodeling remains poorly characterized. Activation comprises determination of the site to be remodeled, osteoclast precursor recruitment, their migration to the site of remodeling, and differentiation. These actions involve different compartments and cell types. The aim of this study was to investigate events and cell types involved during activation. We used a bone remodeling model in rats where extractions of the upper jaw molars initiate remodeling of the antagonist lower jaw (mandible) cortex along the periosteum. In this model osteoclastic resorption peaks 4 days after extractions. We previously reported that mast cell activation in the periosteum fibrous compartment is an early event of activation, associated with recruitment of circulating monocyte osteoclast precursors. By using immunohistochemistry, we observed 9 hours after induction a spatially oriented expression of InterCellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in the vessels that was inhibited by antagonists of histamine receptors 1 and 2. It was followed at 12 hours by the recruitment of ED1+ monocytes. In parallel, at 9 hours, Vascular Cellular Adhesion Molecule-1+ fibroblast-like cells scattered in the fibrous compartment of the periosteum between the vessels and the osteogenic compartment increased; these cells may be implicated in osteoclast precursor migration. Receptor Activator of NF KappaB Ligand+ cells increased at 12 hours in the osteogenic compartment and reached a peak at 18 hours. At 24 hours the numbers of osteogenic cells and subjacent osteocytes expressing semaphorin 3a, a repulsive for osteoclast precursors, decreased before returning to baseline at 48 hours. These data show that during activation the two periosteum compartments and several cell types are coordinated to recruit and guide osteoclast precursors towards the bone surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Hassan
- EA2496 Laboratoire Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies oro-faciales, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Isabelle Fouilloux
- EA2496 Laboratoire Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies oro-faciales, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
- Assistance Publique − Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Baroukh
- EA2496 Laboratoire Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies oro-faciales, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Annie Llorens
- EA2496 Laboratoire Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies oro-faciales, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Martin Biosse Duplan
- INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades Paris, France
- Assistance Publique − Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marjolaine Gosset
- EA2496 Laboratoire Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies oro-faciales, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
- Assistance Publique − Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marc Cherruau
- EA2496 Laboratoire Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies oro-faciales, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
- Assistance Publique − Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Saffar
- EA2496 Laboratoire Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies oro-faciales, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
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Ghighi M, Llorens A, Baroukh B, Chaussain C, Bouchard P, Gosset M. Differences between inflammatory and catabolic mediators of peri-implantitis and periodontitis lesions following initial mechanical therapy: An exploratory study. J Periodontal Res 2017; 53:29-39. [PMID: 28898426 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in inflammatory and catabolic mediators expressed in peri-implantitis compared to periodontitis lesions after non-surgical therapy. Peri-implantitis is associated with a faster rate of bone loss when compared with periodontitis, and peri-implant non-surgical therapy is ineffective to cure peri-implantitis. This may be due to persistent inflammation in peri-implantitis tissues after initial mechanical treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eleven patients with peri-implantitis and 10 with severe chronic periodontitis received non-surgical therapy. They were included at re-evaluation (8 weeks) if they presented pocket depth ≥6 mm with bleeding on probing, and the indication for open flap debridement surgery. Connective tissues were harvested during surgery from diseased sites. Healthy gingiva were harvested during third molar extraction in a third group of healthy patients (n=10). Explants were incubated for 24 hours in media culture and the release of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) in the conditioned media was analyzed by an exploratory multiplex immunoassay. When difference was found in the conditioned media, an immunohistochemistry was performed to compare expression in the tissues. RESULTS Connective tissues from non-stabilized peri-implantitis exhibited a distinct cytokine profile compared to periodontitis lesions that did not respond to initial therapy. Indeed, TIMP-2 was significantly increased in media from peri-implantitis (P≤.05). In addition, the in situ expression of TIMP-2, interleukin-10 and RANKL was also significantly increased in peri-implantitis tissues (P≤.05). However, the ratio of RANKL/osteoprotegerin-positive cells did not vary (P≥.05). CONCLUSION This study suggests that peri-implantitis and periodontitis connective tissues exhibit differences in response to non-surgical treatment, which may contribute to a different pattern of disease evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghighi
- EA 2496, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris Descartes University, Montrouge, France.,Department of Periodontology, U.F.R. of Odontology, Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - A Llorens
- EA 2496, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris Descartes University, Montrouge, France
| | - B Baroukh
- EA 2496, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris Descartes University, Montrouge, France
| | - C Chaussain
- EA 2496, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris Descartes University, Montrouge, France.,Department of Odontology, Bretonneau Hospital, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine (Bretonneau), Paris, France
| | - P Bouchard
- EA 2496, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris Descartes University, Montrouge, France.,Department of Periodontology, U.F.R. of Odontology, Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - M Gosset
- EA 2496, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris Descartes University, Montrouge, France.,Department of Periodontology, Charles Foix Hospital, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpétrière - Charles Foix, Paris, France
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