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The effects of exosomes derived from trabecular meshwork cells on Schlemm's canal endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21942. [PMID: 34754027 PMCID: PMC8578291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm’s canal (SC) are the main structures within the conventional outflow pathway, and TM cells and SC endothelial (SCE) cells are essential for controlling intraocular pressure. To examine the interaction between TM cells and SCE cells, we investigated whether exosomes contribute to intercellular communication. Additionally, TM cells in glaucoma acquire mesenchymal characteristics in response to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 and extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen type 1 (Col-1); these changes result in increased resistance of aqueous outflow. In this study, we stimulated TM cells with TGF-β2 and Col-1 and characterized the exosomal miRNAs (exomiRs) released in response to each stimulus. Isolated exosomes were rich in miRNAs, with downregulated miR-23a-5p and upregulated miR-3942-5p and miR-7515 levels following Col-1 or TGF-β2 stimulation. Next, a miRNA-mRNA network under TGF-β2 stimulation was constructed. There were no connections among the 3 miRNAs and predicted genes under Col-1 stimulation. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the identified miRNAs were associated with various signaling pathways, including the inflammatory response. Interestingly, SCE cells treated with miR-7515 mimic showed increased VEGFA, VEGFR2, PECAM, and Tie2 expression. Ultrastructures typical of exosomes and positive staining for exosomal markers were observed in human TM cells. Our data showed that TM cells may communicate with SCE cells via exomiRs and that miR-7515 may be important for SCE cell reprogramming.
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Nakagawa A, Nakajima T, Azuma M. Tear miRNA expression analysis reveals miR-203 as a potential regulator of corneal epithelial cells. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:377. [PMID: 34696757 PMCID: PMC8543880 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression. They are found within cells and in body fluids. Extracellular miRNAs have been shown to associate with the surrounding tissues. Therefore, we predicted that miRNAs in tears may contribute to regulate corneal epithelial cell function. However, information on the miRNA expression profile of tears is limited and the specific functions of tear miRNAs for corneal epithelial cells are still unknown. To study the role of tear miRNAs, we determined which miRNAs are highly expressed in tears and examined the involvement of miRNAs in corneal epithelial cell viability. Methods miRNAs extracted from monkey tears and sera were subjected to microarray analysis. miRNAs of which expression levels were higher in tears than in sera were selected, and their expression levels were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). To examine miRNA function, mimics and inhibitors of miRNAs were transfected into human corneal epithelial (HCE-T) cells and incubated for 24 or 48 h. After transfection of miRNA mimics and inhibitors, the viability of HCE-T cells was measured using the water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST) assay, and microarray analysis and qPCR were performed using total RNA extracted from HCE-T cells. siRNAs of the candidate targets for miR-203 were transfected into HCE-T cells and the WST assay was performed. To determine a direct target gene for miR-203, a dual luciferase reporter assay was performed in HCE-T cells using a luciferase reporter plasmid containing 3′-UTR of human IGFBP5. Results Microarray and qPCR analyses showed that miR-184 and miR-203 were expressed significantly more highly in tears than in sera (165,542.8- and 567.8-fold, respectively, p < 0.05). Of these two miRNAs, transfection of a miR-203 mimic significantly reduced the viability of HCE-T cells (p < 0.05), while a miR-203 inhibitor significantly increased this viability (p < 0.05). miR-203 mimic downregulated insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 (NUCKS1), while miR-203 inhibitor upregulated these two genes. Transfection of IGFBP5-siRNA decreased the viability of HCE-T cells. miR-203 mimic significantly diminished the luciferase reporter activity. Conclusions In this study, we identified miRNAs that are highly expressed in tears, and the inhibition of miR-203 increases the viability of corneal epithelial cells. Our results suggest that miR-203 contributes to regulating the homeostasis of corneal epithelial cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-021-02141-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Nakagawa
- Central Research Laboratories, Research and Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakajima
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Azuma
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
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3
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Choi MR, Jin YB, Kim HN, Chai YG, Im CN, Lee SR, Kim DJ. Gene expression in the striatum of cynomolgus monkeys after chronic administration of cocaine and heroin. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 128:686-698. [PMID: 33404192 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine and heroin cause impairment of neural plasticity in the brain including striatum. This study aimed to identify genes differentially expressed in the striatum of cynomolgus monkeys in response to cocaine and heroin. After chronic administration of cocaine and heroin in the monkeys, we performed large-scale transcriptome profiling in the striatum using RNA-Seq technology and analysed functional annotation. We found that 547 and 1238 transcripts were more than 1.5-fold up- or down-regulated in cocaine- and heroin-treated groups, respectively, compared to the control group, and 3432 transcripts exhibited differential expression between cocaine- and heroin-treated groups. Functional annotation analysis indicated that genes associated with nervous system development (NAGLU, MOBP and TTL7) and stress granule disassembly (KIF5B and KLC1) were differentially expressed in the cocaine-treated group compared to the control group, whereas gene associated with neuron apoptotic process (ERBB3) was differentially expressed in the heroin-treated group. In addition, IPA network analysis indicated that genes (TRAF6 and TRAF3IP2) associated with inflammation were increased by the chronic administration of cocaine and heroin. These results provide insight into the correlated molecular mechanisms as well as the upregulation and down-regulation of genes in the striatum after chronic exposure to cocaine and heroin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ran Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeung-Bae Jin
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Na Kim
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Nim Im
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Huang X, Li S, Liu X, Huang S, Li S, Zhuo M. Analysis of conserved miRNAs in cynomolgus macaque genome using small RNA sequencing and homology searching. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9347. [PMID: 32728489 PMCID: PMC7357559 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators that fine-tune diverse cellular activities. Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are used extensively in biomedical and pharmaceutical research; however, substantially fewer miRNAs have been identified in this species than in humans. Consequently, we investigated conserved miRNA profiles in cynomolgus macaques by homology searching and small RNA sequencing. In total, 1,455 high-confidence miRNA gene loci were identified, 408 of which were also confirmed by RNA sequencing, including 73 new miRNA loci reported in cynomolgus macaques for the first time. Comparing miRNA expression with age, we found a positive correlation between sequence conservation and expression levels during miRNA evolution. Additionally, we found that the miRNA gene locations in cynomolgus macaque genome were very flexible. Most were embedded in intergenic spaces or introns and clustered together. Several miRNAs were found in certain gene locations, including 64 exon-resident miRNAs, six splice-site-overlapping miRNAs (SO-miRNAs), and two pairs of distinct mirror miRNAs. We also identified 78 miRNA clusters, 68 of which were conserved in the human genome, including 10 large miRNA clusters predicted to regulate diverse developmental and cellular processes in cynomolgus macaque. Thus, this study not only expands the number of identified miRNAs in cynomolgus macaques but also provides clues for future research on the differences in miRNA repertoire between macaques and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Huang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijia Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Guangzhou Tulip Information Technologies Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuting Huang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Zhuo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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5
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Choi MR, Jin YB, Bang SH, Im CN, Lee Y, Kim HN, Chang KT, Lee SR, Kim DJ. Age-related Effects of Heroin on Gene Expression in the Hippocampus and Striatum of Cynomolgus Monkeys. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 18:93-108. [PMID: 31958910 PMCID: PMC7006971 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2020.18.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate differentially expressed genes and their functions in the hippocampus and striatum after heroin administration in cynomolgus macaques of different ages. Methods Cynomolgus monkeys were divided by age as follows: 1 year (A1, n = 2); 3 to 4 years (A2, n = 2); 6 to 8 years (A3, n = 2); and older than 11 years (A4, n = 2). After heroin was injected intramuscularly into the monkeys (0.6 mg/kg), we performed large-scale transcriptome profiling in the hippocampus (H) and striatum (S) using RNA sequencing technology. Some genes were validated with real-time quantitative PCR. Results In the hippocampus, the gene expression of A1H was similar to that of A4H, while the gene expression of A2H was similar to that of A3H. Genes associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway (STMN1, FGF14, and MAPT) and γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic synapses (GABBR2 and GAD1) were differentially expressed among control and heroin-treated animals. Differential gene expression between A1S and A4S was the least significant, while differential gene expression between A3S and A2S was the most significant. Genes associated with the neurotrophin signaling pathway (NTRK1 and NGFR), autophagy (ATG5), and dopaminergic synapses (AKT1) in the striatum were differentially expressed among control and heroin-treated animals. Conclusion These results suggest that even a single heroin exposure can cause differential gene expression in the hippocampus and striatum of nonhuman primates at different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ran Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeung-Bae Jin
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sol Hee Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Nim Im
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngjeon Lee
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Han-Na Kim
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Meng X, Dong L, Shi X, Li X, Sui J, Luo K, Luan S, Chen B, Cao B, Cao J, Kong J. Screening of the candidate genes related to low-temperature tolerance of Fenneropenaeus chinensis based on high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211182. [PMID: 30958828 PMCID: PMC6453463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to screen the candidate genes of Fenneropenaeus chinensis related to low-temperature tolerance, this research takes juvenile prawns of F. chinensis (P40) in low temperature stress group (4°C) and normal temperature group (18°C) as experimental materials. The results showed that a total of 127,939 Unigenes with average length of 1,190 bp were obtained by assembly, of which 46% were annotated in the Nr database. A total of 1,698 differentially expressed genes were screened by differential gene expression analysis, of which 920 genes showed up-regulated expression and 778 genes showed down-regulated expression. Both GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in spliceosomes, ribosomes, bile secretion, ABC transport pathways, and cellular nitrogen compound synthesis. A further in-depth analysis obtained 8 genes that may be associated with low-temperature traits of F. chinensis. Five of them displayed up-regulated expression, including ATP-binding cassette protein C, acid ceramidase, glutathione transferase, C-type lectin and heat shock protein HSP70. The remaining three genes, γ-butyl betaine hydroxylase, β-hexosaminidase A and long chain fatty acid-CoA ligase displayed down-regulated expression. Eight differentially expressed genes were randomly selected and the real time RT-PCR verification showed that their expression levels were consistent with the sequencing results, demonstrating the accuracy of the sequencing results. The results of this study provide basic data for revealing the molecular mechanisms of F. chinensis in response to low temperature stress and the molecular assisted breeding of F. chinensis in low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhong Meng
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xupeng Li
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Sui
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Luo
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Baolong Chen
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Baoxiang Cao
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiawang Cao
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Kong
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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7
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McDuffie JE. Brief Overview: Assessment of Compound-induced Acute Kidney Injury Using Animal Models, Biomarkers, and In Vitro Platforms. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:978-990. [PMID: 30392454 DOI: 10.1177/0192623318807679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The inability to unequivocally predict translatable drug-induced kidney injury in nonclinical studies during pharmacological development is evidenced by drug attrition in human clinical trials. Eight urinary proteins have been qualified as renal safety biomarkers for limited context of use in nonclinical drug development studies in rats. Formal qualification of human renal safety biomarkers is pending the submission of data from prospective clinical trials and analyses of biomarker performance to the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health and Predictive Safety Testing Consortium's Nephrotoxicity Working Group. In vitro kidney platforms may be leveraged to investigate the potential risk of compound-induced acute kidney injury and/or dysfunction. The early assessment of drug-related kidney safety profiles using biomarker-level changes in animal models and in vitro platforms could significantly reduce renal safety-related drug attrition; yet, there are no well-validated in vitro systems to enable comprehensive investigations of compound-induced nephrotoxicity. Thus, histopathology remains the gold standard for diagnosing nephron-specific damage. Traditional and emerging biomarker panels should be combined with histopathology and/or cytopathology to enable early identification of compound-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E McDuffie
- Mechanistic & Investigative Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California, USA
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8
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Choi MR, Chun JW, Kwak SM, Bang SH, Jin YB, Lee Y, Kim HN, Chang KT, Chai YG, Lee SR, Kim DJ. Effects of acute and chronic methamphetamine administration on cynomolgus monkey hippocampus structure and cellular transcriptome. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:68-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Ichii O, Horino T. MicroRNAs associated with the development of kidney diseases in humans and animals. J Toxicol Pathol 2018; 31:23-34. [PMID: 29479137 PMCID: PMC5820100 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2017-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs with approximately 18-25 bases, and their sequences are highly conserved among animals. miRNAs act as posttranscriptional regulators by binding mRNAs, and their main function involves the degradation of their target mRNAs. Recent studies revealed altered expression of miRNAs in the kidneys during the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans and experimental rodent models by using high-throughput screening techniques including microarray and small RNA sequencing. Particularly, miR-21 seems to be strongly associated with renal pathogenesis both in the glomerulus and tubulointerstitium. Furthermore, abundant evidence has been gathered showing the involvement of miRNAs in renal fibrosis. Because of the complex morphofunctional organization of the mammalian kidneys, it is crucial both to determine the exact localization of the kidney cells that express the miRNAs, which has been addressed mainly using in situ hybridization methods, and to identify precisely which mRNAs are bound and degraded by these miRNAs, which has been studied mostly through in vitro analysis. To discover novel biomarker candidates, miRNA levels in urine supernatant, sediment, and exosomal fraction were comprehensively investigated in different types of kidney disease, including drug-induced AKI, ischemia-induced AKI, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and IgA nephropathy. Recent studies also demonstrated the therapeutic effect of miRNA and/or anti-miRNA administrations. The intent of this review is to illustrate the state-of-the-art research in the field of miRNAs associated with renal pathogenesis, especially focusing on AKI and CKD in humans and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary
Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-Nishi 9, Kita-ku,
Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Taro Horino
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary
Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-Nishi 9, Kita-ku,
Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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10
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Effects of methamphetamine in the hippocampus of cynomolgus monkeys according to age. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-017-1403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Iguchi T, Sakurai K, Tamai S, Mori K. Circulating liver-specific microRNAs in cynomolgus monkeys. J Toxicol Pathol 2017; 31:3-13. [PMID: 29479135 PMCID: PMC5820098 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2017-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can potentially be used as sensitive and specific
biomarkers for tissue injury. However, the usefulness of circulating miRNAs as safety
biomarkers in nonclinical toxicological studies using nonhuman primates is debatable owing
to the limited information on organ-specific miRNAs. Therefore, a systematic investigation
was performed to address this point. We identified organ-specific miRNAs from cynomolgus
monkeys by next-generation sequencing analysis, which revealed that miR-122 was only
abundant in the liver, whereas miR-192 was abundant in the liver, stomach, intestines, and
kidney. The sequences of these miRNAs were identical to their human counterparts. Next,
the absolute miR-122 and miR-192 levels were qualified by quantitative reverse
transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to determine the circulating levels of
the miRNAs. No significant differences in the levels of circulating miRNAs between sexes
were noted, and there was greater interindividual variation in miR-122 (20-fold variation)
than in miR-192 (8-fold variation), based on their dynamic ranges. Finally, we evaluated
the fluctuation in circulating liver-specific miRNAs in a monkey model of
acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Acetaminophen with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine
induced hepatotoxicity in all the animals, which was characterized histopathologically by
centrilobular necrosis and vacuolation of hepatocytes. Circulating miR-122 and miR-192
levels increased more than ALT levels after 24 h, indicating that circulating miR-122 and
miR-192 may serve as sensitive biomarkers for the detection of hepatotoxicity in
cynomolgus monkeys. This review describes the fundamental profiles of circulating
liver-specific miRNAs in cynomolgus monkeys and focusses on their organ specificity,
circulating levels, and fluctuations in drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Iguchi
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kita-Kasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Ken Sakurai
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kita-Kasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tamai
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kita-Kasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mori
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kita-Kasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
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12
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Iguchi T, Niino N, Tamai S, Sakurai K, Mori K. Comprehensive Analysis of Circulating microRNA Specific to the Liver, Heart, and Skeletal Muscle of Cynomolgus Monkeys. Int J Toxicol 2017; 36:220-228. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581817704975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) could represent sensitive and specific biomarkers for tissue injury. However, their utility as biomarkers in nonclinical toxicological studies using nonhuman primates is limited by a lack of information on their organ specificity and circulating levels under resting condition of the animals. Herein, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle-specific expression patterns of miRNAs were determined in 27 tissues/organs from male and female monkeys (n =2/sex) by next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. This analysis revealed organ-specific miRNAs in the liver (miR-122), heart (miR-208a and miR-499a), and skeletal muscle (miR-206). Next, plasma was collected from conscious-naive male and female cynomolgus monkeys (n = 25/sex) to better understand the expressions of organ-specific circulating miRNAs. The absolute values of circulating miRNAs were quantified using a Taqman microRNA assay. MiR-1, miR-133a, and miR-208b showed preferential expression in the heart and skeletal muscles, whereas miR-192 was abundant in the liver, stomach, small intestine, and kidney. These miRNAs had identical sequences to their human counterparts. Six organ-specific miRNAs (miR-1, miR-122, miR-133a, miR-192, miR-206, and miR-499a) could be evaluated quantitatively by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with or without preamplification. No significant sex differences were noted for these circulating miRNAs. For their circulation levels, miR-133a showed more than 900-fold interindividual variation, whereas miR-122 showed only a 20-fold variation. In conclusion, we profiled circulating organ-specific miRNAs for the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle of cynomolgus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Iguchi
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyo Niino
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tamai
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Sakurai
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mori
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Next-Generation Sequencing to Investigate Urinary microRNAs from Macaca fascicularis (Cynomolgus Monkey). Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1641:349-378. [PMID: 28748475 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7172-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Advanced sequencing technologies like next-generation sequencing (NGS) not only detect microRNAs (miRNAs) in biological samples but also facilitate de novo identification of miRNAs. Using an Ion Torrent's Ion Proton System, here we described miRNAs sequencing of urine samples collected from Macaca fascicularis (Cynomolgus monkey) to investigate miRNAs as potential novel biomarkers of nephrotoxicity in this species. Urinary miRNA sequencing methodologies described here include (a) urinary exosomal RNA isolation, (b) sequencing library preparation, (c) sequencing template preparation, and (d) template library sequencing using Ion Proton System. The sequencing method presented in this study serves as a valuable resource in the identification of novel urinary miRNAs in M. fascicularis.
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Veeranagouda Y, Rival P, Prades C, Mariet C, Léonard JF, Gautier JC, Zhou X, Wang J, Li B, Ozoux ML, Boitier E. Correction: Identification of microRNAs in Macaca fascicularis (Cynomolgus Monkey) by Homology Search and Experimental Validation by Small RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR Using Kidney Cortex Tissues. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164317. [PMID: 27695060 PMCID: PMC5047481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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15
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Huang Y, Yang YB, Sun XH. Genome-wide identification of microRNAs and their target genes in Cynoglossus semilaevis using computational approach. GENE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Bucur O. microRNA regulators of apoptosis in cancer. Discoveries (Craiova) 2016; 4:e57. [PMID: 32309578 PMCID: PMC7159826 DOI: 10.15190/d.2016.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This brief review summarizes our current knowledge on the microRNAs that regulate apoptosis machinery and are potentially involved in the dysregulation or deregulation of apoptosis, a well known hallmark of cancer. microRNAs are critical regulators of the most important cellular processes, including apoptosis. Expression of microRNAs is found to be dysregulated in many malignancies, leading to apoptosis inhibition in cancer, or resistance to current therapies. To date, there are over 80 microRNAs directly involved in apoptosis regulation or dysregulation that can impact cancer detection, initiation, progression, invasion, metastasis or resistance to anti-cancer therapy. Development of microRNA-based therapeutic strategies is now taking shape in the clinic. Thus, these microRNAs represent potential targets or tools for cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian Bucur
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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