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Barrett RV, Hebron C. Working as a physiotherapist in a rapid response team: 'An emotional rollercoaster'. Physiother Theory Pract 2024; 40:1551-1567. [PMID: 36919458 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2023.2183100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION Rapid Response Teams (RRTs) are multidisciplinary, 'hospital at home' services which have developed over the last 10 years, aiming to improve recovery from illness more efficiently, prevent unnecessary hospital admission, and prevent early admission to residential care. However, little is known about the experience of professionals working in these roles. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore how working in an RRT is experienced and perceived by physiotherapists. METHODS This study used phenomenographically inspired methodology. Six participants who were working in RRTs were recruited to this study and all were working in the South of England. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews, and phenomenographic analysis was undertaken. RESULTS Participants working in RRTs described a range of varied, concrete lived-through experiences in addition to a more rhetorical discussion of how they conceptualized their work. Six main categories of description were generated from the analysis; each was assigned a metaphor. These included 'the detective,' 'the guru,' 'the lone ranger,' 'the team player,' 'the bricoleur,' and 'an emotional rollercoaster'; all categories were present with varied meanings. 'An emotional rollercoaster' was present within and throughout participants' descriptions of all other categories. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable insights into physiotherapists' experience and conceptualization of working within this discipline, which may have implications for physiotherapy practice, workforce development, new and current RR physiotherapy services, RRT health professionals, and physiotherapy education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie V Barrett
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, London, UK
| | - Clair Hebron
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
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2
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Alsultan KD, Gameraddin M, Talal S, Alhujaili MO, Alshoabi SA, Salih S, Abdelmalik BHA, Alhazmi FH, Gareeballah A, Aman AM. Burnout Among Saudi Radiographers. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:1427-1435. [PMID: 38832307 PMCID: PMC11146606 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s464635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Burnout research is limited in Saudi Arabia, particularly among radiographers. Burnout among Saudi radiographers may have a negative impact on the services offered. Objective This study aims to assess the burnout among radiographers in Medina hospitals. Materials and Methods This quantitative cross-sectional study included 104 radiographers from government and private Medina hospitals. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel, which consists of 22 questions, was used to measure the burnout level. The data were evaluated descriptively using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 25), and independent t-tests and analysis of variance were applied to assess group differences and linear regression analysis to evaluate associations between the burnout level and sociodemographic variables (ie sex, age, experience, and department). Results The emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP) scores were moderate, while the personal accomplishment (PA) score was high, with total scores of 23.53 (9.32), 7.29 (5.95), and 29.70 (1.35), respectively. The DP score was influenced by the participants' experience. Specifically, an experience of 1-5 years yielded a substantially higher burnout score than did an experience of >10 years (p>0.05). Conversely, sex, age, and department did not affect the DP score (p<0.05). Similarly, the EE and PA scores were not influenced by sex, age, experience, or department (p<0.05). Conclusion Burnout is prevalent among radiographers in Medina hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The EE and DP scores are moderate, while the PA score is high, indicating a suitable work environment. Policymakers should take the required steps to identify the variables contributing to employee burnout and enhance the work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Dahan Alsultan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moawia Gameraddin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sultan Talal
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Osama Alhujaili
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Abdulwadoud Alshoabi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Salih
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bushra H A Abdelmalik
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad H Alhazmi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awadia Gareeballah
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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McCarter J, Martin B, Coello P, Brann C. Exploring a Masters of Business Administration's Impact on Surgical Subspecialists. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2024; 16:116964. [PMID: 38751449 PMCID: PMC11093721 DOI: 10.52965/001c.116964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives and Study Design As healthcare evolves, more physicians are taking on administrative roles and pursuing additional graduate education, particularly obtaining a Master's in Business Administration (MBA.) To facilitate a better understanding of these practitioners, we conducted a comparative study of MD/MBA clinicians in multiple surgical fields. Methods This study aims to compare clinicians with MD/MBAs across multiple surgical subspecialties. Reported metrics include demographics, MBA program structure, salary changes, and professional pursuits. Nine studies were obtained from the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases. Four studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Results The majority of MD/MBA degree holders in plastic surgery (95%), orthopedic surgery (89-96%), and ophthalmology (80%) are male. Ophthalmology (37%) demonstrates the highest number of subjects obtaining an MBA via a synchronous MD/MBA. Most clinicians return to clinical practice after degree completion and show high levels of non-clinical pursuits after receiving their MBAs. Conclusions Though there appear to be differences across surgical subspecialties regarding how an MBA is applied, most maintain clinical duties. Of those that do not, the largest portion transition to administrative duties, consulting, entrepreneurial endeavors, or other professional opportunities. Despite the financial ambiguity of an MBA, physicians value the transformative experience it offers.
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Yaow CYL, Ng QX, Chong RIH, Ong C, Chong NZY, Yap NLX, Hong ASY, Tan BKT, Loh AHP, Wong ASY, Tan HK. Intraoperative adverse events among surgeons in Singapore: a multicentre cross-sectional study on impact and support. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:512. [PMID: 38659030 PMCID: PMC11040834 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that many surgeons encounter intraoperative adverse events which can result in Second Victim Syndrome (SVS), with significant detriment to their emotional and physical health. There is, however, a paucity of Asian studies in this space. The present study thus aimed to explore the degree to which the experience of an adverse event is common among surgeons in Singapore, as well as its impact, and factors affecting their responses and perceived support systems. METHODS A self-administered survey was sent to surgeons at four large tertiary hospitals. The 42-item questionnaire used a systematic closed and open approach, to assess: Personal experience with intraoperative adverse events, emotional, psychological and physical impact of these events and perceived support systems. RESULTS The response rate was 57.5% (n = 196). Most respondents were male (54.8%), between 35 and 44 years old, and holding the senior consultant position. In the past 12 months alone, 68.9% recalled an adverse event. The emotional impact was significant, including sadness (63.1%), guilt (53.1%) and anxiety (45.4%). Speaking to colleagues was the most helpful support source (66.7%) and almost all surgeons did not receive counselling (93.3%), with the majority deeming it unnecessary (72.2%). Notably, 68.1% of the surgeons had positive takeaways, gaining new insight and improving vigilance towards errors. Both gender and surgeon experience did not affect the likelihood of errors and emotional impact, but more experienced surgeons were less likely to have positive takeaways (p = 0.035). Individuals may become advocates for patient safety, while simultaneously championing the cause of psychological support for others. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative adverse events are prevalent and its emotional impact is significant, regardless of the surgeon's experience or gender. While colleagues and peer discussions are a pillar of support, healthcare institutions should do more to address the impact and ensuing consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clyve Yu Leon Yaow
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qin Xiang Ng
- Health Services Research Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ryan Ian Houe Chong
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clarence Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicolette Zy-Yin Chong
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Li Xian Yap
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ashley Shuen Ying Hong
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benita Kiat Tee Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amos Hong Pheng Loh
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Hiang Khoon Tan
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital and National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singhealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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Debono B, Lonjon G, Guillain A, Moncany AH, Hamel O, Challier V, Diebo B. Spine surgeons facing second opinions: a qualitative study. Spine J 2024:S1529-9430(24)00155-4. [PMID: 38556219 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT The social and technological mutation of our contemporary period disrupts the traditional dyad that prevails in the relationship between physicians and patients. PURPOSE The solicitation of a second opinion by the patient may potentially alter this dyad and degrade the mutual trust between the stakeholders concerned. The doctor-patient relationship has often been studied from the patient's perspective, but data are scarce from the spine surgeon's point of view. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING This qualitative study used the grounded theory approach, an inductive methodology emphasizing field data and rejecting predetermined assumptions. PATIENT SAMPLE We interviewed spine surgeons of different ages, experiences, and practice locations. We initially contacted 30 practitioners, but the final number (24 interviews; 11 orthopedists and 13 neurosurgeons) was determined by data saturation (the point at which no new topics appeared). OUTCOME MEASURES Themes and subthemes were analyzed using semistructured interviews until saturation was reached. METHODS Data were collected through individual interviews, independently analyzed thematically using specialized software, and triangulated by three researchers (an anthropologist, psychiatrist, and neurosurgeon). RESULTS Index surgeons were defined when their patients went for a second opinion and recourse surgeons were defined as surgeons who were asked for a second opinion. Data analysis identified five overarching themes based on recurring elements in the interviews: (1) analysis of the patient's motivations for seeking a second opinion; (2) impaired trust and disloyalty; (3) ego, authority, and surgeon image; (4) management of a consultation recourse (measurement and ethics); and (5) the second opinion as an avoidance strategy. Despite the inherent asymmetry in the doctor-patient relationship, surgeons and patients share two symmetrical continua according to their perspective (professional or consumerist), involving power and control on the one hand and loyalty and autonomy on the other. These shared elements can be found in index consultations (seeking high-level care/respecting trust/closing the loyalty gap/managing disengagement) and referral consultations (objective and independent advice/trusting of the index advice/avoiding negative and anxiety-provoking situations). CONCLUSIONS The second opinion often has a negative connotation with spine surgeons, who see it as a breach of loyalty and trust, without neglecting ego injury in their relationship with the patient. A paradigm shift would allow the second opinion to be perceived as a valuable resource that broadens the physician-patient relationship and optimizes the shared surgical decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Debono
- Paris-Versailles Spine Center (Centre Francilien du Dos), Paris, France; Ramsay Santé-Hôpital Privé de Versailles, Versailles, France.
| | - Guillaume Lonjon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthosud, Clinique St-Jean- Sud de France, Santecite Group. St Jean de Vedas, Montpellier Metropole, France
| | - Antoine Guillain
- AMADES (Medical Anthropology, Development and Health), Centre de la Vieille Charité, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Hélène Moncany
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictive Behaviour, Gerard Marchant Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Hamel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ramsay Santé-Clinique des Cèdres, Cornebarrieu, France
| | - Vincent Challier
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hôpital privé du dos Francheville, Périgueux, France
| | - Bassel Diebo
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, East Providence, RI, USA
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Chong RIH, Yaow CYL, Chong NZY, Yap NLX, Hong ASY, Ng QX, Tan HK. Scoping review of the second victim syndrome among surgeons: Understanding the impact, responses, and support systems. Am J Surg 2024; 229:5-14. [PMID: 37838505 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is thought that 50% of healthcare providers experience Second Victim Syndrome (SVS) in the course of their practice. The manifestations of SVS varies between individuals, with potential long-lasting emotional effects that impact both the personal lives and professional clinical practice of affected persons. Although surgeons are known to face challenging and high-stress situations in their profession, which can increase their vulnerability to SVS, majority of studies and reviews have focused squarely on nonsurgical physicians. METHODS This scoping review aimed to consolidate existing studies pertaining to a surgeon's experience with SVS, by broadly examining the prevalence and impact, identifying the types of responses, and evaluating factors that could influence these responses. The scoping review protocol was guided by the framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley and ensuing recommendations made by Levac and colleagues. Three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) were searched from inception till March 19, 2023. RESULTS A total of 13 articles were eligible for thematic analysis based on pre-defined inclusion criteria. Effects of SVS were categorized into Psychological, Physical and Professional impacts, of which Psychological and Professional impacts were particularly significant. Factors affecting the response were categorized into complication type, surgeon factors and support systems. CONCLUSION SVS adds immense psychological, emotional and physical burden to the individual surgeon. There are key personal, interpersonal and environmental factors that can mitigate or exacerbate the effects of SVS, and greater emphasis needs to be placed on improving availability and access to services to help surgeons at risk of SVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Ian Houe Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clyve Yu Leon Yaow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Nicole Li Xian Yap
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Qin Xiang Ng
- Health Services Research Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; MOH Holdings Pte Ltd., Singapore.
| | - Hiang Khoon Tan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Kim D, Woo W, Shin JI, Lee S. The Uncomfortable Truth: Open Thoracotomy versus Minimally Invasive Surgery in Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092630. [PMID: 37174096 PMCID: PMC10177030 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, lung surgery in thoracic cancer has evolved in two ways: saving more parenchyma and being minimally invasive. Saving parenchyma is a fundamental principle of surgery. However, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is a matter of approach, so it has to do with advances in surgical techniques and tools. For example, MIS has become possible with the introduction of VATS (video-assisted thoracic surgery), and the development of tools has extended the indication of MIS. Especially, RATS (robot-assisted thoracic surgery) improved the quality of life for patients and the ergonomics of doctors. However, the dichotomous idea that the MIS is new and right but the open thoracotomy is old and useless may be inappropriate. In fact, MIS is exactly the same as a classic thoracotomy in that it removes the mass/parenchyma containing cancer and mediastinal lymph nodes. Therefore, in this study, we compare randomized-controlled trials about open thoracotomy and MIS to find out which surgical method is more helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohun Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongi Woo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoo Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Wang S, Li L, Jin Y, Liao R, Chuang YC, Zhu Z. Identifying Key Factors for Burnout Among Orthopedic Surgeons Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process Method. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605719. [PMID: 37206094 PMCID: PMC10188929 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To develop an evaluation model for, and identify key factors contributing to, burnout in orthopedic surgeons, providing a reference for the management of burnout among orthopedic surgeons in hospitals. Methods: We developed an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model with 3 dimensions and 10 sub-criteria based on an extensive literature review and expert assessment. We used expert and purposive sampling and 17 orthopedic surgeons were selected as research subjects. The AHP process was then used to obtain the weights and to prioritize the dimensions and criteria for burnout in orthopedic surgeons. Results: The dimension of C 1 (personal/family) was the key factor affecting burnout in orthopedic surgeons, and in the sub-criteria, the top four sub-criteria were C 11 (little time for family), C 31 (anxiety about clinical competence), C 12 (work-family conflict), and C 22 (heavy work load). Conclusion: This model was effective in analyzing the key factors contributing to job burnout risk, and the results can inform improved management of the levels of burnout affecting orthopedic surgeons in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqian Wang
- Business School, Dongguan City University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lin Li
- Business School, Dongguan City University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanjun Jin
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Rui Liao
- Business College, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yen-Ching Chuang
- Business College, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Public Health and Emergency Management, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Radiology of Taizhou, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yen-Ching Chuang, ; Zhong Zhu,
| | - Zhong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yen-Ching Chuang, ; Zhong Zhu,
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Zmijewski P, Obiarinze R, Gillis A, Fazendin J, Chen H, Lindeman B. Determinants and barriers to junior faculty well-being at a large quaternary academic medical center: A qualitative survey. Surgery 2022; 172:1744-1747. [PMID: 36333248 PMCID: PMC10468711 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing levels of burnout among trainees and faculty members at all levels is a major problem in academic medicine. Junior faculty members may be at unique risk for burnout and have unique needs and barriers that contribute to attrition, job satisfaction, and overall workplace well-being. METHODS Twenty-seven faculty members at the assistant professor level at a large, quaternary referral academic medical institution were interviewed. A qualitative analyst with no reporting relationship to faculty was used as the proctor. Seven scripted questions targeting faculty well-being and institutional barriers to well-being were administered, and the responses were coded for common themes between respondents. RESULTS Respondents most commonly identified clinical work (26%), research (19%), and teaching (19%) as the best aspects of their job. Among respondents, 3% stated they were not able to devote as much time as they would like to work they enjoyed and found most meaningful. Of these respondents, 44% cited "insufficient help" as the root cause. Also, 33% stated time spent writing and managing institutional review board requirements was a major contributor, and 22% cited both clinical volume/performance benchmarks and administrative responsibilities as significant barriers. The most common responses to departmental factors that can be improved included moving meetings to during the workday versus after hours, establishing a similar value system/metric for all faculty, and providing more opportunities to interact with faculty across divisions. The most common barriers to change identified were difficulty hiring research support, patient volume and clinical demands, and a pervasive culture of continuing to work after the workday has ended. At an institutional level, provision of childcare and promotion of basic science research were identified as areas for improvement. More actionable items were identified at the departmental rather than institutional level (53 vs 34). CONCLUSIONS Junior faculty well-being is most affected at the department level. Qualitative data collection from junior faculty regarding barriers to well-being and academic/clinical productivity can be invaluable for departments and institutions seeking to make cultural or systemic improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Obiarinze
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | - Andrea Gillis
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
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McQueen SA, Hammond Mobilio M, Moulton CA. Pulling our lens backwards to move forward: an integrated approach to physician distress. MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2022; 48:404-410. [PMID: 34417324 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2020-012100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The medical community has recently acknowledged physician stress as a leading issue for individual wellness and healthcare system functioning. Unprecedented levels of stress contribute to physician burnout, leaves of absence and early retirement. Although recommendations have been made, we continue to struggle with addressing stress. One challenge is a lack of a shared definition for what we mean by 'stress', which is a complex and idiosyncratic phenomenon that may be examined from a myriad of angles. As such, research on stress has traditionally taken a reductionist approach, parsing out one aspect to investigate, such as stress physiology. In the medical domain, we have traditionally underappreciated other dimensions of stress, including emotion and the role of the environmental and sociocultural context in which providers are embedded. Taking a complementary, holistic approach to stress and focusing on the composite, subjective individual experience may provide a deeper understanding of the phenomenon and help to illuminate paths towards wellness. In this review article, we first examine contributions from unidimensional approaches to stress, and then outline a complementary, integrated approach. We describe how complex phenomena have been tackled in other domains and discuss how holistic theory and the humanities may help in studying and addressing physician stress, with the ultimate goal of improving physician well-being and consequently patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Hammond Mobilio
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Paranathala MP. Letter to the Editor Regarding "The Value and Potential of Qualitative Research Methods in Neurosurgery". World Neurosurg 2022; 167:231-232. [PMID: 36793163 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cobianchi L, Dal Mas F, Verde JM, Garcia-Vazquez A, Martellucci J, Swanstrom L, Ansaloni L. Why non-technical skills matter in surgery. New paradigms for surgical leaders. DISCOVER HEALTH SYSTEMS 2022; 1:2. [PMID: 37521113 PMCID: PMC9466332 DOI: 10.1007/s44250-022-00002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The surgical literature is paying more and more attention to the topic of soft or non-technical skills (NTS), defined as those cognitive and social skills that characterize high-performing individuals and teams. NTS are essential in supporting surgeons in dealing with unexpected situations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, NTS have been considered crucial in defining situation awareness, enhancing decision making, communicating among groups and teams, and fostering leadership. With a "looking back and planning forward" approach, the current perspective aims at deepening the contribution of NTS for surgeons to deal with the unexpected challenges posed by the COVID crisis, surgical emergencies, the introduction of new technologies in clinical practice, to understand how such skills may help shape the surgical leaders of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cobianchi
- Department of Clinical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Alessandro Brambilla, 74, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, General Surgery, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Dal Mas
- Department of Management, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Lee Swanstrom
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU), Strasbourg, France
| | - Luca Ansaloni
- Department of Clinical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Alessandro Brambilla, 74, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, General Surgery, Pavia, Italy
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13
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Scott-Fordsmand H. Evaluating emotions in medical practice: a critical examination of 'clinical detachment' and emotional attunement in orthopaedic surgery. MEDICINE, HEALTH CARE, AND PHILOSOPHY 2022; 25:413-428. [PMID: 35661283 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-022-10088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this article I propose to reframe debates about ideals of emotion in medicine, abandoning the current binary setup of this debate as one between 'clinical detachment' and empathy. Inspired by observations from my own field work and drawing on Sky Gross' anthropological work on rituals of practice as well as Henri Lefebvre's notion of rhythm, I propose that the normative drive of clinical practice can be better understood through the notion of attunement. In this framework individual types of emotions are not, as such, appropriate or inappropriate, but are evaluated depending on their synchronicity with the specific rhythms of the practice. To set up this proposal, I show how typical arguments about emotions in medicine-what I call emotion-entity focused frameworks-are insufficient. I then draw on ethnographic observations from two orthopaedic departments and interviews with medical practitioners to show (1) how clinical practice is driven by rhythmicity, shaped in the case of orthopaedic surgery by a clinical aim of efficient, controlled intervention, and (2) how clinicians continuously refer to this drive and the flow of rhythms when evaluating inappropriate or problematic emotion. I argue that the use of a rhythm framework rather than ideals of detachment or empathy allows for a sensitivity to the complexity and situation-dependent elements of emotional ideals in clinical practice; and I end by proposing the term 'attuned concern'-which stresses the importance of regulation and adjustment to circumstances rather than of maintaining a constant distance/involvement-as a more fitting alternative to 'clinical detachment'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Scott-Fordsmand
- Medical Museion, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Deshauer S, McQueen S, Hammond Mobilio M, Mutabdzic D, Moulton CAE. Mental Skills in Surgery: Lessons Learned From Virtuosos, Olympians, and Navy Seals. Ann Surg 2021; 274:195-198. [PMID: 31469750 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the role of mental skills in surgery through the unique lens of current surgeons who had previously served as Olympic athletes, elite musicians, or expert military personnel. BACKGROUND Recent work has demonstrated great potential for mental skills training in surgery. However, as a field, we lag far behind other high-performance domains that explicitly train and practice mental skills to promote optimal performance. Surgery stands to benefit from this work. First, there is a need to identify which mental skills might be most useful in surgery and how they might be best employed. METHODS Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 surgeons across the United States and Canada who had previously performed at an elite level in sport, music, or the military. RESULTS Mental skills were used both to optimize performance in the moment and longitudinally. In the moment, skills were used proactively to enter an ideal performance state, and responsively to address unwanted thoughts or emotions to re-enter an acceptable performance zone. Longitudinally, participants used skills to build expertise and maintain wellness. CONCLUSIONS Establishing a taxonomy for mental skills in surgery may help in the development of robust mental skills training programs to promote optimal surgeon wellness and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sydney McQueen
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Broekema AE, Groen RJ, Tegzess E, Reneman MF, Soer R, Kuijlen JM. Anterior or posterior approach in the surgical treatment of cervical radiculopathy; neurosurgeons’ preference in the Netherlands. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Martin D, Mantziari S, Demartines N, Hübner M. Defining Major Surgery: A Delphi Consensus Among European Surgical Association (ESA) Members. World J Surg 2021; 44:2211-2219. [PMID: 32172309 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-020-05476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major surgery is a term frequently used but poorly defined. The aim of the present study was to reach a consensus in the definition of major surgery within a panel of expert surgeons from the European Surgical Association (ESA). METHODS A 3-round Delphi process was performed. All ESA members were invited to participate in the expert panel. In round 1, experts were inquired by open- and closed-ended questions on potential criteria to define major surgery. Results were analyzed and presented back anonymously to the panel within next rounds. Closed-ended questions in round 2 and 3 were either binary or statements to be rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strong disagreement) to 5 (strong agreement). Participants were sent 3 reminders at 2-week intervals for each round. 70% of agreement was considered to indicate consensus. RESULTS Out of 305 ESA members, 67 (22%) answered all the 3 rounds. Significant comorbidities were the only preoperative factor retained to define major surgery (78%). Vascular clampage or organ ischemia (92%), high intraoperative blood loss (90%), high noradrenalin requirements (77%), long operative time (73%) and perioperative blood transfusion (70%) were procedure-related factors that reached consensus. Regarding postoperative factors, systemic inflammatory response (76%) and the need for intensive or intermediate care (88%) reached consensus. Consequences of major surgery were high morbidity (>30% overall) and mortality (>2%). CONCLUSION ESA experts defined major surgery according to extent and complexity of the procedure, its pathophysiological consequences and consecutive clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martin
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Styliani Mantziari
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demartines
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Hübner
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physicians and surgeons in all specialties encounter and manage complications throughout their careers. Little attention has been given to a surgeon's emotional experience and reaction to the stresses of managing complications. METHODS The author has reviewed relevant literature and added observations from 4 decades of experience with a pediatric orthopedic faculty. The author also reviewed the types of complications and principles of successful management of surgical complications. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A small number of published articles dealing with the issues of physician and surgeon responses to stressful occurrences were found. Proper management of complications will markedly reduce the stress upon the surgeon. Analysis of the complications with colleagues is essential to the reduction of feelings of guilt, and are useful in preventing future events. Discussions of the accompanying stress between the surgeon and colleagues, family, and occasionally counselors are helpful in achieving resolution and emotional healing. CONCLUSIONS Greater attention to emotional stress issues affecting caregivers, and especially surgeons, is needed. This should happen at all levels of education from medical school through postgraduate training, and in the everyday practice of surgery. Research to clarify the effectiveness of various interventions is needed.
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Spine neurosurgeons facing the judicialization of their profession: disenchantment and alteration of daily practice-a qualitative study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; 162:1379-1387. [PMID: 32221729 PMCID: PMC7223614 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The judicialization of medicine can lead to professional disenchantment and defensive attitudes among surgeons. Some quantitative studies have investigated this topic in spine surgery, but none has provided direct thematic feedback from physicians. This qualitative study aimed to identify the impact of this phenomenon in the practice of spine neurosurgeons. Methods We proposed a qualitative study using grounded theory approach. Twenty-three purposively selected private neurosurgeons participated. Inclusion took place until data saturation was reached. Data were collected through individual interviews and analyzed thematically and independently by three researchers (an anthropologist, a psychiatrist, and a neurosurgeon). Results Data analysis identified five superordinate themes that were based on items that recurred in interviews: (1) private practice of spinal surgery (high-risk surgery based on frequent functional symptoms, in an unfavorable medicolegal context); (2) societal transformation of the doctor-patient relationship (new societal demands, impact of the internet and social network); (3) judicialization of spine surgery (surgeons’ feelings about the frequency and motivation of the complaints they receive, and their own management of them); (4) coping strategies (identification and solutions for “at risk” situations and patients); and (5) professional disenchantment (impact of these events on surgeons’ daily practice and career planning). Selected quotes of interviews were reported to support these findings. Conclusions Our study highlights several elements that can alter the quality of care in a context of societal change and the judicialization of medicine. The alteration of the doctor-patient relationship and the permanent pressure of a possible complaint encourage surgeons to adopt defensive attitudes in order to minimize the risks of litigation and increased insurance premiums. These phenomena can affect the quality of care and the privacy of physicians to the extent that they may consider changing or interrupting their careers earlier. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00701-020-04302-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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McQueen S, Mobilio MH, Moulton CA. Fractured in surgery: Understanding stress as a holistic and subjective surgeon experience. Am J Surg 2020; 221:793-798. [PMID: 32321628 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physician stress impacts patient care and provider wellness. Researchers have largely used reductionist approaches to study stress (e.g. focusing on physiology). This study sought to understand surgeons' subjective experiences of stress in the workplace, using a holistic perspective. METHODS Using a constructivist grounded theory methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 staff surgeons at the University of Toronto, purposively sampled for specialties and experience levels. RESULTS The stress experience was reconceptualized as a variable and multidimensional state of fracture, comprised of physiologic, cognitive, emotional, sociocultural, and environmental facets. CONCLUSIONS Reconceptualizing surgeon stress as a multidimensional state of fracture may help surgeons recognize the contributing facets and identify appropriate strategies for promoting wellness and optimizing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney McQueen
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Lu PW, Columbus AB, Fields AC, Melnitchouk N, Cho NL. Gender Differences in Surgeon Burnout and Barriers to Career Satisfaction: A Qualitative Exploration. J Surg Res 2019; 247:28-33. [PMID: 31810639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physician burnout is a highly prevalent issue in the surgical community. Burnout is associated with poor career satisfaction; female gender, and younger age place surgeons at higher risk for burnout. Here, we examined drivers behind burnout and career dissatisfaction in female and junior surgical faculty, with specific attention paid to gender-based differences. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants included full-time surgery faculty members at a single academic surgery center. Both male and female faculty members were included, at ranks ranging from instructor to associate professor. Semistructured interviews were conducted by a faculty member at the institution until thematic saturation was reached. Field notes were compiled from each interview, and these data were coded thematically. RESULTS Fourteen female faculty and nine male faculty members were interviewed. For both female and male faculty, lack of control with work life was a significant theme contributing to burnout. Positive factors contributing to career satisfaction for both genders included enjoyment of patient care and teaching, teamwork and collegiality, and leadership support. For female faculty, the major theme of gender bias in the workplace as a risk factor for burnout was prominent. Male faculty struggled more than their female counterparts with guilt over complications and second victim syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Gender differences driving career dissatisfaction and burnout exist between female and male surgical faculty. Acknowledging these differences when designing efforts to address physician wellness and decrease burnout is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela W Lu
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandra B Columbus
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam C Fields
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nelya Melnitchouk
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy L Cho
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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21
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Childers J, Arnold B. The Inner Lives of Doctors: Physician Emotion in the Care of the Seriously Ill. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2019; 19:29-34. [PMID: 31746722 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2019.1674409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross' seminal 1969 work, On Death and Dying, opened the door to understanding individuals' emotional experiences with serious illness and dying. Patient's emotions, however, are only half the story in the patient-physician relationship. In recent years physicians' emotional reactions have gotten more attention. These sometimes-unacknowledged emotions influence how we approach our work, including life and death decisions. This article reviews some of the main emotions physicians experience when caring for seriously ill and dying patients and the challenges physicians face in regulating their emotions in a professional setting. We also discuss some of the ways that physician emotion may influence medical decision-making and contribute to conflict. Attention to the emotional level of physician experience may promote better care.
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Roberts NA, Alexander K, Wyld D, Janda M. What is needed by staff to implement PROMs into routine oncology care? A qualitative study with the multi-disciplinary team. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019; 28:e13167. [PMID: 31603590 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to identify strategies to implement patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) into routine oncology outpatients' clinical care. METHODS Qualitative focus groups were conducted with staff from multiple disciplines using a semistructured interview guide, with supporting data collected in field notes. Data were analysed using a Directed Content Analysis guided by an implementation science framework. The synthesis of the extracted data aimed to identify key requirements which correspond to intrinsic enablers and barriers for implementation. RESULTS 52 staff members from the multi-disciplinary team participated. Data extracted showed five key themes and three key requirements regarding implementation of PROMs. Staff would consider using PROMs if there was strong research evidence that demonstrates benefits for patient outcomes, if PROM data was relevant to current clinical practice, and if applied appropriately in the specific setting. These findings add pragmatic detail and new knowledge to the current evidence on pathways to PROM implementation. This data can be used to inform implementation of PROMs into health services. CONCLUSION Staff have valuable tacit knowledge of what works in practice that offers a unique opportunity to increase successful implementation of a PROM intervention for patient symptom reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Roberts
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Qld, Australia.,Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Kim Alexander
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - David Wyld
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Qld, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Monika Janda
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Qld, Australia.,Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
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Seemann NM, Karanicolas PJ, Guttman MP, Nathens AB, Tien HC, Ellis J, Zaretsky A, Gotlib Conn L. Compassion Fatigue in Surgical Trainees. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2019; 76:1211-1222. [PMID: 30979650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compassion fatigue (CF) is the profound sense of emotional exhaustion that care providers can experience as the result of helping others in distress. CF can contribute to burnout (BO), depression, and stress-related illness. While surgeons and surgical trainees may be at high risk for developing CF, it has not been adequately characterized or explored in this population. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and impact of CF in surgical trainees with a view to inform a management strategy. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING A mixed method study was conducted using survey and interview methods. An email survey including the Professional Quality of Life Scale Version 5, an instrument to assess CF, was sent to all trainees in the Department of Surgery at the University of Toronto. Survey data were analyzed descriptively and using one-sample t tests. Semistructured interviews were conducted with volunteered trainees. Data collection and analysis occurred iteratively and inductively using the constant comparison method. RESULTS One hundred fifteen trainees completed the survey representing a 47% response rate. Ninety-nine respondents (40.7%) completed the Professional Quality of Life Scale tool. The mean score on the compassion satisfaction subscale was 36.9 (SD 6.7), on the BO subscale was 26.2 (SD 5.6), and on the secondary traumatic stress (STS) subscale was 21.2 (SD 6.3). The mean on the compassion satisfaction subscale was not statistically different from the population mean (p = 0.22). The means for the BO and STS scales were statistically higher in our study sample compared to the normative data (p < 0.0001 for each). Thematic qualitative findings indicated trainees experienced CF symptoms. Participants described systemic barriers to mitigating CF including workload and a cultural expectation to be unemotional at work. CONCLUSION Surgical trainees report high levels of BO and STS and currently use informal coping strategies outside of their academic and hospital environments. Trainees are likely to welcome and benefit from an organized response to support their emotional health when facing difficult patient encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J Karanicolas
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew P Guttman
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Avery B Nathens
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Homer C Tien
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ari Zaretsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lesley Gotlib Conn
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Sibeoni J, Bellon-Champel L, Mousty A, Manolios E, Verneuil L, Revah-Levy A. Physicians' Perspectives About Burnout: a Systematic Review and Metasynthesis. J Gen Intern Med 2019; 34:1578-1590. [PMID: 31147982 PMCID: PMC6667539 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-019-05062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doctors' burnout is a major public health issue with important harmful effects on both the healthcare system and physicians' mental health. Qualitative studies are relevant in this context, focusing as they do on the views of the physicians of how they live and understand burnout in their own professional field. OBJECTIVE To explore physicians' perspectives on burnout by applying a metasynthesis approach, including a systematic literature review and analysis of the qualitative studies. DATA SOURCES Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and SSCI from the earliest available date to June 2018 REVIEW METHODS: This metasynthesis follows thematic synthesis procedures. Four databases were systematically searched for qualitative studies reporting doctors' perspectives on burnout. Article quality was assessed with the Critical Appraisal Skills Program. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes and synthesize them. RESULTS Thirty-three articles were included, covering data from more than 1589 medical doctors (68 residents and 1521 physicians). Two themes emerged from the analysis: (1) stress factors promoting burnout-ranked as organizational, then contextual and relational, and finally individual-factors and (2) protective factors, which were above all individual but also relational and organizational. CONCLUSIONS The individual and organizational levels are abundantly described in the literature, as risk factors and interventions. Our results show that doctors identify numerous organizational factors as originators of potential burnout, but envision protecting themselves individually. Relational factors, in a mediate position, should be addressed as an original axis of protection and intervention for battling doctors' burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Sibeoni
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adolescent, Argenteuil Hospital Centre, 69 rue du LTC Prud'hon, 95107, Argenteuil, France. .,ECSTRRA Team, UMR-1153, Inserm, Université de Paris, 75010, Paris, France.
| | | | - Antoine Mousty
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adolescent, Argenteuil Hospital Centre, 69 rue du LTC Prud'hon, 95107, Argenteuil, France
| | - Emilie Manolios
- ECSTRRA Team, UMR-1153, Inserm, Université de Paris, 75010, Paris, France.,Service de Psychologie et Psychiatrie de Liaison et d'Urgences, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Verneuil
- ECSTRRA Team, UMR-1153, Inserm, Université de Paris, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Anne Revah-Levy
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adolescent, Argenteuil Hospital Centre, 69 rue du LTC Prud'hon, 95107, Argenteuil, France.,ECSTRRA Team, UMR-1153, Inserm, Université de Paris, 75010, Paris, France
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Smith C, Rao A, Tompach PC, Petersen A, Lyu D, Nadeau RA. Factors Associated With the Mental Health and Satisfaction of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residents in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study and Analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 77:2196-2204. [PMID: 31422015 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Residents in training have reported high levels of stress and anxiety and have a greater risk of mental health problems compared with the general population. Mental health problems among residents have been correlated with decreased professional effectiveness, increased medical errors, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization and could have significant negative effects on future practitioners. The purpose of the present study was to identify the factors that might be associated with the mental health and satisfaction of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) residents and to determine the associations between these factors and OMS resident satisfaction as a surrogate of resident well-being. MATERIALS AND METHODS We designed and implemented an online survey, which was e-mailed to all OMS residents in the 101 accredited training programs in the United States. The survey was designed to determine and assess the factors associated with OMS resident satisfaction. Differences between groups were tested using 1-way analysis of variance for continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables. For each factor, we fit a logistic regression model to estimate the odds ratio of resident satisfaction for the factor, adjusting for gender, year in residency, and years of advanced training. RESULTS Of the 1181 resident surveys sent out, 300 were completed (25.4% response rate). The satisfied OMS residents tended to be men, further along in their training program, and to have access to mental health resources. Dissatisfaction was associated with greater self-reported stress levels, working a greater number of hours per week, and believing one would be viewed differently for speaking to faculty about mental health. CONCLUSIONS OMS resident satisfaction was associated with identifiable and potentially modifiable factors. These factors included workload characteristics, stress and coping ability, and mental health impact and resource availability. Evidence-based strategies for OMS resident well-being could lead to the development of best practice guidelines for promoting and optimizing resident mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Smith
- Dental Student, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Aarathi Rao
- Resident, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Paul C Tompach
- Assistant Clinical Professor, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Saint Paul, MN.
| | - Ashley Petersen
- Assistant Professor, Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Diana Lyu
- Resident, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Robert A Nadeau
- Clinical Associate Professor and Clinic and Graduate Training Program Director, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Saint Paul, MN
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Mallon C, Gooberman-Hill R, Blom A, Whitehouse M, Moore A. Surgeons are deeply affected when patients are diagnosed with prosthetic joint infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207260. [PMID: 30485337 PMCID: PMC6261566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee replacement is a common preference sensitive quality-of-life procedure that can reduce pain and improve function for people with advanced knee arthritis. While most patients improve, knee replacement surgery has the potential for serious complications. Prosthetic knee infection is an uncommon but serious complication. This study explored the impact of cases of prosthetic knee infection on surgeons' personal and professional wellbeing. Qualitative telephone interviews were conducted with consultant orthopaedic surgeons who treated patients for prosthetic knee infection in one of six high-volume NHS orthopaedic departments. Data was audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Eleven surgeons took part. Analysis identified three overarching themes: (i) At some point infection is inevitable but surgeons still feel accountable; (ii) A profound emotional impact and (iii) Supporting each other. The occurrence of prosthetic joint infection has a significant emotional impact on surgeons who report a collective sense of devastation and personal ownership, even though prosthetic joint infection cannot be fully controlled for. Surgeons stressed the importance of openly discussing the management of prosthetic joint infection with a supportive multidisciplinary team and this has implications for the ways in which orthopaedic surgeons may be best supported to manage this complication. This article also acknowledges that surgeons are not alone in experiencing personal impact when patients have infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Mallon
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Gooberman-Hill
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Blom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Whitehouse
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Moore
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Zarzavadjian Le Bian A, Fuks D, Costi R, Cesaretti M, Bruderer A, Wind P, Smadja C, Hervé C. Innovation in Surgery: Qualitative Analysis of the Decision-Making Process and Ethical Concerns. Surg Innov 2018; 25:1553350618789265. [PMID: 30032708 DOI: 10.1177/1553350618789265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical innovation from surgeon's standpoint has never been scrutinized as it may lead to understand and improve surgical innovation, potentially to refine the IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term Follow-up) recommendations. METHODS A qualitative analysis was designed. A purposive expert sampling was then performed in organ transplant as it was chosen as the ideal model of surgical innovation. Interviews were designed, and main themes included the following: definition of surgical innovation, the decision-making process of surgical innovation, and ethical dilemmas. A semistructured design was designed to analyze the decision-making process, using the Forces Interaction Model. An in-depth design with open-ended questions was chosen to define surgical innovation and ethical dilemmas. RESULTS Interviews were performed in 2014. Participants were 7 professors of surgery: 3 in liver transplant, 2 in heart transplant, and 2 in face transplant. Saturation was reached. They demonstrated an intuitive understanding of surgical innovation. Using the Forces Interaction Model, decision leading to contemporary innovation results mainly from collegiality, when the surgeon was previously the main factor. The patient is seemingly lesser in the decision. A perfect innovative surgeon was described (with resiliency, legitimacy, and no technical restriction). Ethical conflicts were related to risk assessment and doubts regarding methodology when most participants (4/7) described ethical dilemma as being irrelevant. CONCLUSIONS Innovation in surgery is teamwork. Therefore, it should be performed in specific specialized centers. Those centers should include Ethics and Laws department in order to integrate these concepts to innovative process. This study enables to improve the IDEAL recommendations and is a major asset in surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Fuks
- 2 University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- 3 Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Claude Smadja
- 5 Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
- 6 Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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Parry D, Oeppen R, Amin M, Brennan P. Could exercise improve mental health and cognitive skills for surgeons and other healthcare professionals? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 56:367-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Barriers, facilitators, and survival strategies for GPs seeking treatment for distress: a qualitative study. Br J Gen Pract 2017; 67:e700-e708. [PMID: 28893766 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp17x692573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GPs are under increasing pressure due to a lack of resources, a diminishing workforce, and rising patient demand. As a result, they may feel stressed, burnt out, anxious, or depressed. AIM To establish what might help or hinder GPs experiencing mental distress as they consider seeking help for their symptoms, and to explore potential survival strategies. DESIGN AND SETTING The authors recruited 47 GP participants via e-mails to doctors attending a specialist service, adverts to local medical committees (LMCs) nationally and in GP publications, social media, and snowballing. Participants self-identified as either currently living with mental distress, returning to work following treatment, off sick or retired early as a result of mental distress, or without experience of mental distress. Interviews were conducted face to face or over the telephone. METHOD Transcripts were uploaded to NVivo 11 and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Barriers and facilitators were related to work, stigma, and symptoms. Specifically, GPs discussed feeling a need to attend work, the stigma surrounding mental ill health, and issues around time, confidentiality, and privacy. Participants also reported difficulties accessing good-quality treatment. GPs also talked about cutting down or varying work content, or asserting boundaries to protect themselves. CONCLUSION Systemic changes, such as further information about specialist services designed to help GPs, are needed to support individual GPs and protect the profession from further damage.
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DeCaporale-Ryan L, Sakran JV, Grant SB, Alseidi A, Rosenberg T, Goldberg RF, Sanfey H, Dubose J, Stawicki S, Ricca R, Derrick ET, Bernstein CA, Jardine DA, Stefanou AJ, Aziz B, He E, Dissanaike S, Fortuna COLGR, Oviedo RJ, Shapiro J, Galowitz P, Moalem J. The undiagnosed pandemic: Burnout and depression within the surgical community. Curr Probl Surg 2017; 54:453-502. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ames SE, Cowan JB, Kenter K, Emery S, Halsey D. Burnout in Orthopaedic Surgeons: A Challenge for Leaders, Learners, and Colleagues: AOA Critical Issues. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2017; 99:e78. [PMID: 28719565 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.16.01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Burnout, depression, suicidal ideation, and dissatisfaction with work-life balance have been reported in all medical specialties and at all stages of medical education and practice experience. Burnout consists of progressive emotional, attitudinal, and physical exhaustion. Physicians with burnout may treat patients as objects and feel emotionally depleted. Burnout is characterized by a loss of enthusiasm for work (emotional exhaustion), feelings of cynicism (depersonalization), and a low sense of personal accomplishment. The most complete study of emotional burnout among different medical specialties demonstrated that orthopaedic surgery is one of the specialties with the highest burnout rate. Qualitative descriptive studies are available. There was a 45.8% burnout rate among physicians in the U.S. in 2012, and a 2014 update suggested even higher rates. Burnout has a correlation with medical education. Burnout rates are similar to those in the general population when medical students enter school, and increase steadily through medical education prior to residency. Burnout rates in residents are high, reported to be between 41% and 74% across multiple specialties. This impacts our young physician workforce in orthopaedics. The purpose of this review is to provide the available information that characterizes burnout and addresses the issues inherent to preventing burnout, and to build awareness in orthopaedic surgeons. Wellness "goes beyond merely the absence of distress and includes being challenged, thriving, and achieving success in various aspects of personal and professional life." The challenge for the orthopaedic community is to develop interventions and strategies that are personalized to the individuals in this specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elizabeth Ames
- 1Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 2Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 3Department of Orthopaedics, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan 4Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Jesse MT, Abouljoud M, Eshelman A, De Reyck C, Lerut J. Professional interpersonal dynamics and burnout in European transplant surgeons. Clin Transplant 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T. Jesse
- Transplant Institute; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit MI USA
- Psychosomatic Medicine; Behavioral Health; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit MI USA
- Center for Health Policy & Health Services Research; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit MI USA
| | - Marwan Abouljoud
- Psychosomatic Medicine; Behavioral Health; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit MI USA
- Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit MI USA
| | - Anne Eshelman
- Transplant Institute; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit MI USA
- Psychosomatic Medicine; Behavioral Health; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit MI USA
| | - Chantal De Reyck
- Starzl Unit Abdominal Transplantation; University Hospitals Saint Luc; Universite catholique Louvain; Brussels Belgium
| | - Jan Lerut
- Starzl Unit Abdominal Transplantation; University Hospitals Saint Luc; Universite catholique Louvain; Brussels Belgium
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