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Bass AL, Bateman AW, Connors BM, Staton BA, Rondeau EB, Mordecai GJ, Teffer AK, Kaukinen KH, Li S, Tabata AM, Patterson DA, Hinch SG, Miller KM. Identification of infectious agents in early marine Chinook and Coho salmon associated with cohort survival. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent decades have seen an increased appreciation for the role infectious diseases can play in mass mortality events across a diversity of marine taxa. At the same time many Pacific salmon populations have declined in abundance as a result of reduced marine survival. However, few studies have explicitly considered the potential role pathogens could play in these declines. Using a multi-year dataset spanning 59 pathogen taxa in Chinook and Coho salmon sampled along the British Columbia coast, we carried out an exploratory analysis to quantify evidence for associations between pathogen prevalence and cohort survival and between pathogen load and body condition. While a variety of pathogens had moderate to strong negative correlations with body condition or survival for one host species in one season, we found that Tenacibaculum maritimum and Piscine orthoreovirus had consistently negative associations with body condition in both host species and seasons and were negatively associated with survival for Chinook salmon collected in the fall and winter. Our analyses, which offer the most comprehensive examination of associations between pathogen prevalence and Pacific salmon survival to date, suggest that pathogens in Pacific salmon warrant further attention, especially those whose distribution and abundance may be influenced by anthropogenic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur L. Bass
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Andrew W. Bateman
- Pacific Salmon Foundation, Vancouver, BC V6J 4S6, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Brendan M. Connors
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 5T5, Canada
| | - Benjamin A. Staton
- Fisheries Science Department, Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, Portland, OR 97232, USA
| | - Eric B. Rondeau
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Gideon J. Mordecai
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Amy K. Teffer
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karia H. Kaukinen
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Shaorong Li
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Amy M. Tabata
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - David A. Patterson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Science Branch, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Scott G. Hinch
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kristina M. Miller
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
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Eddy TD, Bernhardt JR, Blanchard JL, Cheung WW, Colléter M, du Pontavice H, Fulton EA, Gascuel D, Kearney KA, Petrik CM, Roy T, Rykaczewski RR, Selden R, Stock CA, Wabnitz CC, Watson RA. Energy Flow Through Marine Ecosystems: Confronting Transfer Efficiency. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Graham C, Pakhomov EA, Hunt BPV. A salmon diet database for the North Pacific Ocean. Sci Data 2020; 7:332. [PMID: 33024126 PMCID: PMC7538949 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The North Pacific Marine Salmon Diet Database is an open-access relational database built to centralize and make accessible salmon diet data through a standardized database structure. The initial data contribution contains 21,862 observations of salmon diet, and associated salmon biological parameters, prey biological parameters, and environmental data from the North Pacific Ocean. The data come from 907 unique spatial areas and mostly fall within two time periods, 1959-1969 and 1987-1997, during which there are more data available compared to other time periods. Data were extracted from 62 sources identified through a systematic literature review, targeting peer-reviewed and gray literature. The purpose of this database is to consolidate data into a common format to address gaps in our ecological understanding of the North Pacific Ocean, particularly with respect to salmon. This database can be used to address a variety of questions regarding salmon foraging, productivity, and marine survival. The North Pacific Marine Salmon Diet Database will continue to grow in the future as more data are digitized and become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Graham
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Evgeny A Pakhomov
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Hakai Institute, PO Box 25039, Campbell River, British Columbia, V9W 0B7, Canada
| | - Brian P V Hunt
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Hakai Institute, PO Box 25039, Campbell River, British Columbia, V9W 0B7, Canada
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4
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Weiskopf SR, Rubenstein MA, Crozier LG, Gaichas S, Griffis R, Halofsky JE, Hyde KJW, Morelli TL, Morisette JT, Muñoz RC, Pershing AJ, Peterson DL, Poudel R, Staudinger MD, Sutton-Grier AE, Thompson L, Vose J, Weltzin JF, Whyte KP. Climate change effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services, and natural resource management in the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:137782. [PMID: 32209235 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a pervasive and growing global threat to biodiversity and ecosystems. Here, we present the most up-to-date assessment of climate change impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem services in the U.S. and implications for natural resource management. We draw from the 4th National Climate Assessment to summarize observed and projected changes to ecosystems and biodiversity, explore linkages to important ecosystem services, and discuss associated challenges and opportunities for natural resource management. We find that species are responding to climate change through changes in morphology and behavior, phenology, and geographic range shifts, and these changes are mediated by plastic and evolutionary responses. Responses by species and populations, combined with direct effects of climate change on ecosystems (including more extreme events), are resulting in widespread changes in productivity, species interactions, vulnerability to biological invasions, and other emergent properties. Collectively, these impacts alter the benefits and services that natural ecosystems can provide to society. Although not all impacts are negative, even positive changes can require costly societal adjustments. Natural resource managers need proactive, flexible adaptation strategies that consider historical and future outlooks to minimize costs over the long term. Many organizations are beginning to explore these approaches, but implementation is not yet prevalent or systematic across the nation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Weiskopf
- U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center, Reston, VA, USA.
| | | | - Lisa G Crozier
- NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah Gaichas
- NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Roger Griffis
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jessica E Halofsky
- University of Washington, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Toni Lyn Morelli
- U.S. Geological Survey Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Morisette
- U.S. Department of the Interior, National Invasive Species Council Secretariat, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Roldan C Muñoz
- NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | | | - David L Peterson
- University of Washington, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Michelle D Staudinger
- U.S. Geological Survey Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ariana E Sutton-Grier
- University of Maryland Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Laura Thompson
- U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center, Reston, VA, USA
| | - James Vose
- U.S. Forest Service Southern Research Station, Raleigh, NC, USA
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5
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Olmos M, Payne MR, Nevoux M, Prévost E, Chaput G, Du Pontavice H, Guitton J, Sheehan T, Mills K, Rivot E. Spatial synchrony in the response of a long range migratory species (Salmo salar) to climate change in the North Atlantic Ocean. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1319-1337. [PMID: 31701595 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in understanding the response of populations to climate change is to separate the effects of local drivers acting independently on specific populations, from the effects of global drivers that impact multiple populations simultaneously and thereby synchronize their dynamics. We investigated the environmental drivers and the demographic mechanisms of the widespread decline in marine survival rates of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) over the last four decades. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian life cycle model to quantify the spatial synchrony in the marine survival of 13 large groups of populations (called stock units, SU) from two continental stock groups (CSG) in North America (NA) and Southern Europe (SE) over the period 1971-2014. We found strong coherence in the temporal variation in postsmolt marine survival among the 13 SU of NA and SE. A common North Atlantic trend explains 37% of the temporal variability of the survivals for the 13 SU and declines by a factor of 1.8 over the 1971-2014 time series. Synchrony in survival trends is stronger between SU within each CSG. The common trends at the scale of NA and SE capture 60% and 42% of the total variance of temporal variations, respectively. Temporal variations of the postsmolt survival are best explained by the temporal variations of sea surface temperature (SST, negative correlation) and net primary production indices (PP, positive correlation) encountered by salmon in common domains during their marine migration. Specifically, in the Labrador Sea/Grand Banks for populations from NA, 26% and 24% of variance is captured by SST and PP, respectively and in the Norwegian Sea for populations from SE, 21% and 12% of variance is captured by SST and PP, respectively. The findings support the hypothesis of a response of salmon populations to large climate-induced changes in the North Atlantic simultaneously impacting populations from distant continental habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Olmos
- UMR ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAe, Rennes, France
- Management of Diadromous Fish in their Environment, AFB, INRAe, Agrocampus Ouest, UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR/E2S UPPA, Rennes, France
| | - Mark R Payne
- National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-Aqua), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marie Nevoux
- UMR ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAe, Rennes, France
- Management of Diadromous Fish in their Environment, AFB, INRAe, Agrocampus Ouest, UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR/E2S UPPA, Rennes, France
| | - Etienne Prévost
- Management of Diadromous Fish in their Environment, AFB, INRAe, Agrocampus Ouest, UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR/E2S UPPA, Rennes, France
- ECOBIOP, INRAe, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S, UPPA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | - Hubert Du Pontavice
- UMR ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAe, Rennes, France
- Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- UMR ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAe, Rennes, France
| | - Timothy Sheehan
- Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | | | - Etienne Rivot
- UMR ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAe, Rennes, France
- Management of Diadromous Fish in their Environment, AFB, INRAe, Agrocampus Ouest, UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR/E2S UPPA, Rennes, France
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6
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Piatt JF, Parrish JK, Renner HM, Schoen SK, Jones TT, Arimitsu ML, Kuletz KJ, Bodenstein B, García-Reyes M, Duerr RS, Corcoran RM, Kaler RSA, McChesney GJ, Golightly RT, Coletti HA, Suryan RM, Burgess HK, Lindsey J, Lindquist K, Warzybok PM, Jahncke J, Roletto J, Sydeman WJ. Extreme mortality and reproductive failure of common murres resulting from the northeast Pacific marine heatwave of 2014-2016. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226087. [PMID: 31940310 PMCID: PMC6961838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
About 62,000 dead or dying common murres (Uria aalge), the trophically dominant fish-eating seabird of the North Pacific, washed ashore between summer 2015 and spring 2016 on beaches from California to Alaska. Most birds were severely emaciated and, so far, no evidence for anything other than starvation was found to explain this mass mortality. Three-quarters of murres were found in the Gulf of Alaska and the remainder along the West Coast. Studies show that only a fraction of birds that die at sea typically wash ashore, and we estimate that total mortality approached 1 million birds. About two-thirds of murres killed were adults, a substantial blow to breeding populations. Additionally, 22 complete reproductive failures were observed at multiple colonies region-wide during (2015) and after (2016-2017) the mass mortality event. Die-offs and breeding failures occur sporadically in murres, but the magnitude, duration and spatial extent of this die-off, associated with multi-colony and multi-year reproductive failures, is unprecedented and astonishing. These events co-occurred with the most powerful marine heatwave on record that persisted through 2014-2016 and created an enormous volume of ocean water (the "Blob") from California to Alaska with temperatures that exceeded average by 2-3 standard deviations. Other studies indicate that this prolonged heatwave reduced phytoplankton biomass and restructured zooplankton communities in favor of lower-calorie species, while it simultaneously increased metabolically driven food demands of ectothermic forage fish. In response, forage fish quality and quantity diminished. Similarly, large ectothermic groundfish were thought to have increased their demand for forage fish, resulting in greater top-predator demands for diminished forage fish resources. We hypothesize that these bottom-up and top-down forces created an "ectothermic vise" on forage species leading to their system-wide scarcity and resulting in mass mortality of murres and many other fish, bird and mammal species in the region during 2014-2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Piatt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Julia K. Parrish
- University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, COASST, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Heather M. Renner
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, Homer, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Sarah K. Schoen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Timothy T. Jones
- University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, COASST, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mayumi L. Arimitsu
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Kathy J. Kuletz
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Barbara Bodenstein
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Rebecca S. Duerr
- International Bird Rescue, San Francisco Bay Center, Fairfield, California, United States of America
| | - Robin M. Corcoran
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, Kodiak, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Robb S. A. Kaler
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Gerard J. McChesney
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Fremont, California, United States of America
| | - Richard T. Golightly
- Department of Wildlife, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, United States of America
| | | | - Robert M. Suryan
- NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auk Bay Laboratories, Ted Stevens Marine Research Institute, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Hillary K. Burgess
- University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, COASST, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jackie Lindsey
- University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, COASST, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, BeachCOMBERS, Moss Landing, California, United States of America
| | - Kirsten Lindquist
- NOAA Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, Beach Watch, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Warzybok
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA, United States of America
| | - Jaime Jahncke
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA, United States of America
| | - Jan Roletto
- NOAA Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, Beach Watch, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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