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Gómez-Melero S, Caballero-Villarraso J. CCR6 as a Potential Target for Therapeutic Antibodies for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:30. [PMID: 37092451 PMCID: PMC10123731 DOI: 10.3390/antib12020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The CC chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) involved in a wide range of biological processes. When CCR6 binds to its sole ligand CCL20, a signaling network is produced. This pathway is implicated in mechanisms related to many diseases, such as cancer, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, HIV infection or rheumatoid arthritis. The CCR6/CCL20 axis plays a fundamental role in immune homeostasis and activation. Th17 cells express the CCR6 receptor and inflammatory cytokines, including IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22, which are involved in the spread of inflammatory response. The CCL20/CCR6 mechanism plays a crucial role in the recruitment of these pro-inflammatory cells to local tissues. To date, there are no drugs against CCR6 approved, and the development of small molecules against CCR6 is complicated due to the difficulty in screenings. This review highlights the potential as a therapeutic target of the CCR6 receptor in numerous diseases and the importance of the development of antibodies against CCR6 that could be a promising alternative to small molecules in the treatment of CCR6/CCL20 axis-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gómez-Melero
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Villarraso
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Barber-Axthelm IM, Wragg KM, Esterbauer R, Amarasena TH, Barber-Axthelm VR, Wheatley AK, Gibbon AM, Kent SJ, Juno JA. Phenotypic and functional characterization of pharmacologically expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in pigtail macaques. iScience 2023; 26:106269. [PMID: 36936791 PMCID: PMC10014287 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
While gaining interest as treatment for cancer and infectious disease, the clinical efficacy of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-based immunotherapeutics has to date been limited. An improved understanding of γδ T cell heterogeneity across lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, before and after pharmacological expansion, is required. Here, we describe the phenotype and tissue distribution of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells at steady state and following in vivo pharmacological expansion in pigtail macaques. Intravenous phosphoantigen administration with subcutaneous rhIL-2 drove robust expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in blood and pulmonary mucosa, while expansion was confined to the pulmonary mucosa following intratracheal antigen administration. Peripheral blood Vγ9Vδ2 T cell expansion was polyclonal, and associated with a significant loss of CCR6 expression due to IL-2-mediated receptor downregulation. Overall, we show the tissue distribution and phenotype of in vivo pharmacologically expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be altered based on the antigen administration route, with implications for tissue trafficking and the clinical efficacy of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M. Barber-Axthelm
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Kathleen M. Wragg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Thakshila H. Amarasena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Valerie R.B. Barber-Axthelm
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Anne M. Gibbon
- Monash Animal Research Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Corresponding author
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Han L, Zou Y, Yu C. Targeting CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 20 by miR-143-5p alleviate lead poisoning-induced renal fibrosis by regulating interstitial fibroblasts excessive proliferation and dysfunction. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11156-11168. [PMID: 35485286 PMCID: PMC9208521 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2062106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental lead contamination can cause chronic renal disease with a common clinical manifestation of renal fibrosis and constitutes a major global public health threat. Aberrant proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in renal interstitial fibroblasts are key pathological causes of renal fibrosis. However, the mechanism underlying lead-induced kidney fibrosis remains unclear. The present study analyzed gene expression prolifes in lead acetate-treated primary mice renal interstitial fibroblasts and confirmed the aberrant expression of CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 20, one of the most obvious up-regulated genes. Analogously, lead acetate exposure dose-dependently increased CCL20 transcription, protein expression and release. Knockdown of CCL20 suppressed lead acetate-induced fibroblast proliferation, hydroxyproline contents, transforming growth factor-beta production and ECM-related protein (Collagen I and fibronectin) expression. Bioinformatics analysis predicted five top miRNAs targeting CCL20. Among them, miR-143-5p expression was dose-dependently decreased in lead acetate-treated fibroblasts. Mechanistically, miR-143-5p directly targeted CCL20. Elevation of miR-143-5p antagonized lead acetate-induced fibroblast proliferation, hydroxyproline and ECM-related protein expression, which were reversed by CCL20 overexpression. Additionally, CCL20 knockdown suppressed lead acetate-mediated Smad2/3 and AKT pathway activation. Notably, miR-143-5p overexpression attenuated the activation of the Smad2/3 and AKT pathway in lead acetate-exposed fibroblasts, which was counteracted by CCL20 elevation. miR-143-5p injection ameliorated renal fibrosis progression in mice in vivo. Thus, targeting CCL20 by miR-143-5p could alleviate renal fibrosis progression by regulating fibroblast proliferation and ECM deposition via the Smad2/3 and AKT signaling, providing a potential therapeutic target for environmental lead contamination-evoked fibrotic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfang Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Qi P, Ma MZ, Kuai JH. Identification of growth differentiation factor 15 as a pro-fibrotic factor in mouse liver fibrosis progression. Int J Exp Pathol 2021; 102:148-156. [PMID: 33983642 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was elucidate the inhibitory role of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in liver fibrosis and its possible activation mechanism in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) of mice. We generated a GDF15-neutralizing antibody that can inhibit TGF-β1-induced activation of the TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway in LX-2 cells. All the mice in this study were induced by carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide. In addition, primary HSCs from mice were isolated from fresh livers using Nycodenz density gradient separation. The severity and extent of liver fibrosis were evaluated by Sirius Red and Masson staining. The effect of GDF15 on the activation of the TGF-β pathway was detected using dual-luciferase reporter and Western blotting assays. The expression of GDF15 in cirrhotic liver tissue was higher than that in normal liver tissue. Blocking GDF15 with a neutralizing antibody resulted in a delay in primary hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride or thioacetamide. Meanwhile, TGF-β pathway activation was partly inhibited by a GDF15-neutralizing antibody in primary HSCs. These results indicated that GDF15 plays an important role in regulating HSC activation and liver fibrosis progression. The inhibition of GDF15 attenuates chemical-inducible liver fibrosis and delays hepatic stellate cell activation, and this effect is probably mainly attributed to its regulatory role in TGF-β signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming-Ze Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing-Hua Kuai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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Miura A, Hosono T, Seki T. Macrophage potentiates the recovery of liver zonation and metabolic function after acute liver injury. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9730. [PMID: 33958644 PMCID: PMC8102573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is an exclusive organ with tremendous regenerative capacity. Liver metabolic functions exhibit spatial heterogeneity, reflecting liver zonation. The mechanisms controlling the proliferation of hepatocytes and the accompanying matrix reconstruction during regeneration have been well explored, but the recovery potential of differentiated metabolic functions and zonation after liver injury remains unclear. We employed a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced-acute liver injury with clodronate-induced macrophage depletion to clarify the impact of liver injury on liver metabolism and recovery dynamics of metabolic function and liver zonation during regeneration. Depleting macrophages suppressed tissue remodelling and partially delayed cell proliferation during regeneration after liver injury. In addition, recovery of metabolic functions was delayed by suppressing the tissue remodelling caused by the depleted macrophages. The model revealed that drug metabolic function was resilient against the dysfunction caused by liver injury, but glutamine synthesis was not. Metabolomic analysis revealed that liver branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) and carbohydrate metabolism were suppressed by injury. The plasma BCAA concentration reflected recovery of hepatic function during regeneration. Our study reveals one aspect of the regenerative machinery for hepatic metabolism following acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Miura
- General Research Institute, Nihon University Collage of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880 Japan
| | - Takashi Hosono
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880 Japan ,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University Collage of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880 Japan
| | - Taiichiro Seki
- General Research Institute, Nihon University Collage of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880 Japan ,Department of Applied Life Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880 Japan ,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University Collage of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880 Japan
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Abstract
The human liver is an organ with a diverse array of immunologic functions. Its unique anatomic position that leads to it receiving all the mesenteric venous blood, combined with its unique micro anatomy, allows it to serve as a sentinel for the body's immune system. Hepatocytes, biliary epithelial cells, Kupffer cells, stellate cells, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells express key molecules that recruit and activate innate and adaptive immunity. Additionally, a diverse array of lymphoid and myeloid immune cells resides within and traffics to the liver in specific circumstances. Derangement of these trafficking mechanisms underlies the pathophysiology of autoimmune liver diseases, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and liver transplantation. Here, we review these pathways and interactions along with potential targets that have been identified to be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
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Jeffery HC, Hunter S, Humphreys EH, Bhogal R, Wawman RE, Birtwistle J, Atif M, Bagnal CJ, Rodriguez Blanco G, Richardson N, Warner S, Dunn WB, Afford SC, Adams DH, Oo YH. Bidirectional Cross-Talk between Biliary Epithelium and Th17 Cells Promotes Local Th17 Expansion and Bile Duct Proliferation in Biliary Liver Diseases. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:1151-1159. [PMID: 31391236 PMCID: PMC6697739 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is no effective treatment for autoimmune biliary diseases. Therefore, understanding their immunopathology is crucial. The biliary epithelial cells (BEC), expressing TLR-4, are constantly exposed to gut microbes and bacterial wall LPS, and in settings of inflammation, the immune infiltrate is dense within the peribiliary region of human liver. By dual immunohistochemistry, we affirm human intrahepatic T cell infiltrate includes CCR6+CD4+ and AhR+CD4+ T cells with potential for plasticity to Th17 phenotype. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Th1 and Th17 inflammatory cytokines and LPS enhance human primary BEC release of the CCR6 ligand CCL20 and BEC secretion of Th17-polarizing cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β. Cell culture assays with human BEC secretome showed that secretome polarizes CD4 T cells toward a Th17 phenotype and supports the survival of Th17 cells. BEC secretome did not promote Th1 cell generation. Additionally, we give evidence for a mutually beneficial feedback of the type 17 cell infiltrate on BEC, showing that treatment with type 17 cytokines increases BEC proliferation, as monitored by Ki67 and activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling. This study identifies human BEC as active players in determining the nature of the intrahepatic immune microenvironment. In settings of inflammation and/or infection, biliary epithelium establishes a prominent peribiliary type 17 infiltrate via recruitment and retention and enhances polarization of intrahepatic CD4 cells toward Th17 cells via type 17 cytokines, and, reciprocally, Th17 cells promote BEC proliferation for biliary regeneration. Altogether, we provide new insight into cross-talk between Th17 lymphocytes and human primary biliary epithelium in biliary regenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Jeffery
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Hunter
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth H Humphreys
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ricky Bhogal
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E Wawman
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Birtwistle
- Clinical Immunology Department, University of Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2GW, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Bagnal
- Human Biomaterial Resource Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanny Rodriguez Blanco
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Richardson
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Suz Warner
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Liver Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, United Kingdom; and
| | - Warwick B Dunn
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Afford
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - David H Adams
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2GW, United Kingdom
| | - Ye Htun Oo
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom;
- Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2GW, United Kingdom
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Wang J, Pan W, Wang Y, Lei W, Feng B, Du C, Wang XJ. Enhanced efficacy of curcumin with phosphatidylserine-decorated nanoparticles in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:1-11. [PMID: 29214887 PMCID: PMC6058669 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1399301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic macrophages have been considered as a therapeutic target for liver fibrosis treatment, and phosphatidylserine (PS)-containing nanoparticles are commonly used to mimic apoptotic cells that can specifically regulate macrophage functions, resulting in anti-inflammatory effects. This study was designed to test the efficacy of PS-modified nanostructured lipid carriers (mNLCs) containing curcumin (Cur) (Cur-mNLCs) in the treatment of liver fibrosis in a rat model. Carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats was used as an experimental model, and the severity of the disease was examined by both biochemical and histological methods. Here, we showed that mNLCs were spherical nanoparticles with decreased negative zeta potentials due to PS decoration, and significantly increased both mean residence time and area under the curve of Cur. In the rats with liver fibrosis, PS-modification of NLCs enhanced the nanoparticles targeting to the diseased liver, which was evidenced by their highest accumulation in the liver. As compared to all the controls, Cur-mNLCs were significantly more effective at reducing the liver damage and fibrosis, which were indicated by in Cur-mNLCs-treated rats the least increase in liver enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the circulation, along with the least increase in collagen fibers and alpha smooth muscle actin and the most increased hepatocyte growth factors (HGF) and matrix metalloprotease (MMP) two in the livers. In conclusion, PS-modified NLCs nanoparticles prolonged the retention time of Cur, and enhanced its bioavailability and delivery efficiency to the livers, resulting in reduced liver fibrosis and up-regulating hepatic expression of HGF and MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Pharmacy , School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Wen Pan
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Pharmacy , School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Pharmacy , School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Wan Lei
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Pharmacy , School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Bin Feng
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Pharmacy , School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Caigan Du
- b Department of Urologic Sciences , University of British Columbia, Jack Bell Research Centre , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Pharmacy , School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , PR China
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Zhang XH, Chen Y, Li B, Liu JY, Yang CM, Ma MZ. Blocking follistatin-like 1 attenuates liver fibrosis in mice by regulating transforming growth factor-beta signaling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:1112-1122. [PMID: 31938206 PMCID: PMC6958153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the effect of inhibiting follistatin-like 1 on liver fibrosis and activation of hepatic stellate cells in mice. METHODS We generated a follistatin-like 1 neutralizing antibody that can inhibit TGF-β 1-induced expression of collagen1α1 in primary mouse liver fibroblasts. All of the mice in our study were induced with carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide. In addition, primary hepatic stellate cells from mice were isolated from fresh livers using density gradient separation. The degree and extent of fibrosis in mouse livers from the different groups were evaluated by Sirius Red and Masson staining. The effect of the follistatin-like 1 neutralizing antibody on proliferation and migration of hepatic stellate cells was detected using CCK-8 and Transwell assays, respectively. RESULTS Expression of follistatin-like 1 in human cirrhotic liver tissue was higher than that in normal liver tissue. Blocking follistatin-like 1 resulted in a delay of primary hepatic stellate cell activation and down-regulation of the migratory capacity of hepatic stellate cells. Blocking follistatin-like 1 also down-regulated TGF-beta signaling in primary hepatic stellate cells from mice. Finally, inhibition of follistatin-like 1 attenuated liver fibrosis and liver function damage in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Inhibiting follistatin-like 1 attenuates liver fibrosis and causes a delay in hepatic stellate cell activation. The effect of follistatin-like 1 on liver fibrosis is mainly attributed to its role in regulating TGF-beta signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ji-Yong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chong-Mei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming-Ze Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
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Parmar R, Patel H, Yadav N, Parikh R, Patel K, Mohankrishnan A, Bhurani V, Joshi U, Dalai SK. Infectious Sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei Effectively Activate Liver CD8α + Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:192. [PMID: 29472929 PMCID: PMC5809440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS) shown to confer complete sterile protection against Plasmodia liver-stage (LS) infection that lasts about 6 to 9 months in mice. We have found that the intermittent infectious sporozoite challenge to immune mice following RAS vaccination extends the longevity of sterile protection by maintaining CD8+ T cell memory responses to LS infection. It is reported that CD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in the induction of LS-specific CD8+ T cells following RAS or genetically attenuated parasite (GAP) vaccination. In this study, we demonstrate that CD8α+ DCs respond differently to infectious sporozoite or RAS inoculation. The higher accumulation and activation of CD8α+ DCs was seen in the liver in response to infectious sporozoite 72 h postinoculation and found to be associated with higher expression of chemokines (CCL-20 and CCL-21) and type I interferon response via toll-like receptor signaling in liver. Moreover, the infectious sporozoites were found to induce qualitative changes in terms of the increased MHCII expression as well as costimulatory molecules including CD40 on the CD8α+ DCs compared to RAS inoculation. We have also found that infectious sporozoite challenge increased CD40L-expressing CD4+ T cells, which could help CD8+ T cells in the liver through "licensing" of the antigen-presenting cells. Our results suggest that infectious sporozoite challenge to prior RAS immunized mice modulates the CD8α+ DCs, which might be shaping the fate of memory CD8+ T cells against Plasmodium LS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Parmar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Hardik Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Naveen Yadav
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ritika Parikh
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Khyati Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | | | - Urja Joshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
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Crosstalk of liver immune cells and cell death mechanisms in different murine models of liver injury and its clinical relevance. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2017; 16:245-256. [PMID: 28603092 PMCID: PMC7172563 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(17)60014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver inflammation or hepatitis is a result of pluripotent interactions of cell death molecules, cytokines, chemokines and the resident immune cells collectively called as microenvironment. The interplay of these inflammatory mediators and switching of immune responses during hepatotoxic, viral, drug-induced and immune cell-mediated hepatitis decide the fate of liver pathology. The present review aimed to describe the mechanisms of liver injury, its relevance to human liver pathology and insights for the future therapeutic interventions. DATA SOURCES The data of mouse hepatic models and relevant human liver diseases presented in this review are systematically collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect and the Web of Science databases published in English. RESULTS The hepatotoxic liver injury in mice induced by the metabolites of CCl4, acetaminophen or alcohol represent necrotic cell death with activation of cytochrome pathway, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage. The Fas or TNF-alpha induced apoptotic liver injury was dependent on activation of caspases, release of cytochrome c and apoptosome formation. The ConA-hepatitis demonstrated the involvement of TRAIL-dependent necrotic/necroptotic cell death with activation of RIPK1/3. The alpha-GalCer-induced liver injury was mediated by TNF-alpha. The LPS-induced hepatitis involved TNF-alpha, Fas/FasL, and perforin/granzyme cell death pathways. The MHV3 or Poly(I:C) induced liver injury was mediated by natural killer cells and TNF-alpha signaling. The necrotic ischemia-reperfusion liver injury was mediated by hypoxia, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, necroptotic cell death was found in partial hepatectomy. The crucial role of immune cells and cell death mediators in viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV), drug-induced liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease in human were discussed. CONCLUSIONS The mouse animal models of hepatitis provide a parallel approach for the study of human liver pathology. Blocking or stimulating the pathways associated with liver cell death could unveil the novel therapeutic strategies in the management of liver diseases.
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Brempelis KJ, Yuen SY, Schwarz N, Mohar I, Crispe IN. Central role of the TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) adaptor protein in murine sterile liver injury. Hepatology 2017; 65:1336-1351. [PMID: 28120431 PMCID: PMC5391172 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multiple pathways drive the sterile injury response in the liver; however, it is unclear how the type of cells injured or the mechanism of injury activates these pathways. Here, we use a model of selective hepatocyte death to investigate sterile liver injury. In this model, the TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) was a central mediator of the resulting intrahepatic inflammatory response that was independent of both upstream Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling and downstream type I interferon (IFN) signaling. TRIF was required for induction of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, and IL-1β cytokines. Conversely, although induction of C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 1 chemokines and up-regulation of chemokine (Ccl2, Ccl7, Cxcl1, Cxcl2, and Cxcl10) and cell-adhesion (intracellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) genes involved in myeloid cell recruitment was reduced in a majority of TRIF-/- mice, a subset of TRIF-/- mice showed breakthrough inflammation and the ability to induce these genes and proteins, indicating that redundant pathways exist to respond to hepatocyte death. Furthermore, we found that hepatocytes themselves were the main responders to hepatocyte death, increasing transcription of genes involved in myeloid cell recruitment more than either liver sinusoidal endothelial cells or Kupffer cells. CONCLUSION Our studies define a TRIF-dependent, TLR4- and type I IFN-independent pathway of sterile liver injury in which hepatocytes are both the targets of damage and the principal responding cell type. (Hepatology 2017;65:1336-1351).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. Brempelis
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Sebastian Y. Yuen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nicole Schwarz
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA,Institute of Immunology, University of Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isaac Mohar
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ian N. Crispe
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Brempelis KJ, Crispe IN. Infiltrating monocytes in liver injury and repair. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e113. [PMID: 27990288 PMCID: PMC5133365 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2016.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Noninfectious liver injury causes many acute and chronic liver diseases around the globe, and particularly in developed nations. Bone marrow-derived monocytes infiltrate the damaged liver tissue and are a critical component of the innate immune response that may drive injury resolution or host death in the short term or chronic inflammation, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the long term. Monocytes often play dual roles in liver injury—both perpetuating inflammation and promoting resolution of inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, we will address the role that monocytes play in different experimental forms of noninfectious liver injury; considering in particular the importance of the transition from inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes to pro-resolution Ly6Clo monocyte-derived macrophages and the consequences of this transition for disease progression and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian N Crispe
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, WA, USA
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