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Liu S, Liu D, Zhang C, Zhang W, Wang X, Mi Z, Gao X, Ren Y, Lan C, Liu X, Zhao Z, Liu J, Li H, Yuan F, Su B, Kang Z, Li C, Han D, Wang C, Cao X, Wu J. Slow stripe rusting in Chinese wheat Jimai 44 conferred by Yr29 in combination with a major QTL on chromosome arm 6AL. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:175. [PMID: 37498321 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
YrJ44, a more effective slow rusting gene than Yr29, was localized to a 3.5-cM interval between AQP markers AX-109373479 and AX-109563479 on chromosome 6AL. "Slow rusting" (SR) is a type of adult plant resistance (APR) that can provide non-specific durable resistance to stripe rust in wheat. Chinese elite wheat cultivar Jimai 44 (JM44) has maintained SR to stripe rust in China since its release despite exposure to a changing and variable pathogen population. An F2:6 population comprising 295 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between JM44 and susceptible cultivar Jimai 229 (JM229) was used in genetic analysis of the SR. The RILs and parental lines were evaluated for stripe rust response in five field environments and genotyped using the Affymetrix Wheat55K SNP array and 13 allele-specific quantitative PCR-based (AQP) markers. Two stable QTL on chromosome arms 1BL and 6AL were identified by inclusive composite interval mapping. The 1BL QTL was probably the pleiotropic gene Lr46/Yr29/Sr58. QYr.nwafu-6AL (hereafter named YrJ44), mapped in a 3.5-cM interval between AQP markers AX-109373479 and AX-109563479, was more effective than Yr29 in reducing disease severity and relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC). RILs harboring both YrJ44 and Yr29 displayed levels of SR equal to the resistant parent JM44. The AQP markers linked with YrJ44 were polymorphic and significantly correlated with stripe rust resistance in a panel of 1,019 wheat cultivars and breeding lines. These results suggested that adequate SR resistance can be obtained by combining YrJ44 and Yr29 and the AQP markers can be used in breeding for durable stripe rust resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Mi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Services, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Gao
- Crop Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture /Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yong Ren
- Crop Characteristic Resources Creation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Institute of Agricultural Science, Mianyang, 621023, Sichuan, China
| | - Caixia Lan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiukun Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture /Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhendong Zhao
- Crop Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture /Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture /Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Haosheng Li
- Crop Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture /Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Fengping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Su
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Services, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyou Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
- Crop Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture /Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Jianhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu Z, Cao Q, Han D, Wu J, Wu L, Tong J, Xu X, Yan J, Zhang Y, Xu K, Wang F, Dong Y, Gao C, He Z, Xia X, Hao Y. Molecular characterization and validation of adult-plant stripe rust resistance gene Yr86 in Chinese wheat cultivar Zhongmai 895. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:142. [PMID: 37247049 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Adult-plant stripe rust resistance gene Yr86 in Chinese wheat cultivar Zhongmai 895 was mapped to the physical interval 710.2-713.2 Mb on the long arm of chromosome 2A. Adult-plant resistance to stripe rust is generally more durable than all-stage resistance. Chinese wheat cultivar Zhongmai 895 showed stable stripe rust resistance at the adult-plant stage. To map the genetic loci underlying its resistance, 171 doubled haploid (DH) lines from a Yangmai 16/Zhongmai 895 cross were genotyped with the wheat 660 K SNP chip. Disease severities of the DH population and parents were assessed in four environments. A major QTL designated QYryz.caas-2AL was mapped to interval 703.7-715.3 Mb on the long arm of chromosome 2A using both chip-based and KASP (kompetitive allele-specific PCR) marker-based methods, explaining 31.5 to 54.1% of the phenotypic variances. The QTL was further validated in an F2 population of cross Emai 580/Zhongmai 895 with 459 plants and a panel of 240 wheat cultivars using KASP markers. Three reliable KASP markers predicted a low frequency (7.2-10.5%) of QYryz.caas-2AL in the test panel and remapped the gene to the physical interval 710.2-713.2 Mb. Based on different physical positions or genetic effects from known genes or QTL on chromosome arm 2AL, the gene was predicted to be a new one for adult-plant stripe rust resistance and was named Yr86. Twenty KASP markers linked to Yr86 were developed in this study based on wheat 660 K SNP array and genome re-sequencing. Three of them are significantly associated with stripe rust resistance in natural population. These markers should be useful for marker-assisted selection and also provide a starting point for fine mapping and map-based cloning of the new resistance gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwang Zhu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, 430064, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dejun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Environment Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyang Tong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaowan Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute of Cotton Research, CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kaijie Xu
- Institute of Cotton Research, CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Fengju Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yachao Dong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunbao Gao
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, 430064, Hubei, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- CIMMYT-China Office, C/O CAAS, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianchun Xia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yuanfeng Hao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
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Huang S, Zhang Y, Ren H, Zhang X, Yu R, Liu S, Zeng Q, Wang Q, Yuan F, Singh RP, Bhavani S, Wu J, Han D, Kang Z. High density mapping of wheat stripe rust resistance gene QYrXN3517-1BL using QTL mapping, BSE-Seq and candidate gene analysis. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:39. [PMID: 36897402 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fine mapping of a major stripe rust resistance locus QYrXN3517-1BL to a 336 kb region that includes 12 candidate genes. Utilization of genetic resistance is an effective strategy to control stripe rust disease in wheat. Cultivar XINONG-3517 (XN3517) has remained highly resistant to stripe rust since its release in 2008. To understand the genetic architecture of stripe rust resistance, Avocet S (AvS) × XN3517 F6 RIL population was assessed for stripe rust severity in five field environments. The parents and RILs were genotyped by using the GenoBaits Wheat 16 K Panel. Four stable QTL from XINONG-3517 were detected on chromosome arms 1BL, 2AL, 2BL, and 6BS, named as QYrXN3517-1BL, QYrXN3517-2AL, QYrXN3517-2BL, and QYrXN3517-6BS, respectively. Based on the Wheat 660 K array and bulked segregant exome sequencing (BSE-Seq), the most effective QTL on chromosome 1BL is most likely different from the known adult plant resistance gene Yr29 and was mapped to a 1.7 cM region [336 kb, including twelve candidate genes in International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) RefSeq version 1.0]. The 6BS QTL was identified as Yr78, and the 2AL QTL was probably same as QYr.caas-2AL or QYrqin.nwafu-2AL. The novel QTL on 2BL was effective in seedling stage against the races used in phenotyping. In addition, allele-specifc quantitative PCR (AQP) marker nwafu.a5 was developed for QYrXN3517-1BL to assist marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingdong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ravi P Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, 56237, Texcoco, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Sridhar Bhavani
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, 56237, Texcoco, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jianhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dejun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Chen C, Hao W, Wu J, Si H, Xia X, Ma C. Fine Mapping of Stripe-Rust-Resistance Gene YrJ22 in Common Wheat by BSR-Seq and MutMap-Based Sequencing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3244. [PMID: 36501284 PMCID: PMC9740260 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Identification and accurate mapping of new resistance genes are essential for gene pyramiding in wheat breeding. The YrJ22 gene is a dominant stripe-rust-resistance gene located at the distal end of chromosome 2AL, which was identified in a leading Chinese-wheat variety, Jimai 22, showing high resistance to CYR32, a prevalent race of Puccinia striiformis tritici (Pst) in China. In the current study, 15 F1 and 2273 F2 plants derived from the cross of Jimai 22/Avocet S were used for the fine-mapping of YrJ22. The RNA-Seq of resistant and susceptible bulks of F2 plants (designated BSR-Seq) identified 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in a 12.09 Mb physical interval on chromosome 2AL. A total of 1022 EMS-induced M3 lines of Jimai 22 were screened, to identify susceptible mutants for MutMap analysis. Four CAPS markers were developed from SNPs identified using BSR-Seq and MutMap. A linkage map for YrJ22 was constructed with 11 CAPS/STS and three SSR markers. YrJ22 was located at a 0.9 cM genetic interval flanked by markers H736 and H400, corresponding to a 340.46 kb physical region (768.7-769.0 Mb), including 13 high-confidence genes based on the Chinese Spring reference genome. TraesCS2A01G573200 is a potential candidate-gene, according to linkage and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analyses. The CAPS marker H732 designed from an SNP in TraesCS2A01G573200 co-segregated with YrJ22. These results provide a useful stripe-rust-resistance gene and molecular markers for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding and for further cloning of the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Weihao Hao
- Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jingchun Wu
- Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Hefei 230036, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Centre, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongqi Si
- Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xianchun Xia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Centre, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chuanxi Ma
- Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei 230036, China
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Franco MF, Polacco AN, Campos PE, Pontaroli AC, Vanzetti LS. Genome-wide association study for resistance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) races in Argentina. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:543. [PMID: 36434507 PMCID: PMC9701071 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most devastating diseases of the wheat crop. It causes significant reductions in both grain yield and grain quality. In recent years, new and more virulent races have overcome many of the known resistance genes in Argentinian germplasm. In order to identify loci conferring resistance to the local races of Pst for effective utilization in future breeding programs, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using a collection of 245 bread wheat lines genotyped with 90 K SNPs. RESULTS To search for adult plant resistance (APR) the panel was evaluated for disease severity (DS) and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) in field trials during two years under natural infection conditions. To look for seedling or all-stage resistance (ASR) the panel was evaluated to determine infection type (IT) under greenhouse conditions against two prevalent races in Argentina. The phenotypic data showed that the panel possessed enough genetic variability for searching for sources of resistance to Pst. Significant correlations between years were observed for Pst response in the field and high heritability values were found for DS (H2 = 0.89) and AUDPC (H2 = 0.93). Based on GWAS, eight markers associated with Pst resistance (FDR < 0.01) were identified, of these, five were associated with ASR (on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 3A and 5B) and three with APR (on chromosomes 3B and 7A). These markers explained between 2% and 32.62% of the phenotypic variation. Five of the markers corresponded with previously reported Yr genes/QTL, while the other three (QYr.Bce.1B.sd.1, QYr.Bce.3A.sd and QYr.Bce.3B.APR.2) might be novel resistance loci. CONCLUSION Our results revealed high genetic variation for resistance to Argentinian stripe rust races in the germplasm used here. It constitutes a very promising step towards the improvement of Pst resistance of bread wheat in Argentina. Also, the identification of new resistance loci would represent a substantial advance for diversifying the current set of resistance genes and to advance in the improvement of the durable resistance to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Franco
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7620, Balcarce, CP, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria INTA Balcarce, 7620, Balcarce, CP, Argentina.
| | - A N Polacco
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7620, Balcarce, CP, Argentina
| | - P E Campos
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria INTA Bordenave, 8187, Bordenave, CP, Argentina
| | - A C Pontaroli
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria INTA Balcarce, 7620, Balcarce, CP, Argentina
| | - L S Vanzetti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria INTA Marcos Juárez, 2580, Marcos Juárez, CP, Argentina
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Chou CH, Lin HS, Wen CH, Tung CW. Patterns of genetic variation and QTLs controlling grain traits in a collection of global wheat germplasm revealed by high-quality SNP markers. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:455. [PMID: 36131260 PMCID: PMC9494784 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establish a molecular breeding program involved assembling a diverse germplasm collection and generating accurate genotypes to characterize their genetic potential and associate them with agronomic traits. In this study, we acquired over eight hundred wheat accessions from international gene banks and assessed their genetic relatedness using high-quality SNP genotypes. Understanding the scope of genomic variation in this collection allows the breeders to utilize the genetic resources efficiently while improving wheat yield and quality. RESULTS A wheat diversity panel comprising 39 durum wheat, 60 spelt wheat, and 765 bread wheat accessions was genotyped on iSelect 90 K wheat SNP arrays. A total of 57,398 SNP markers were mapped to IWGSC RefSeq v2.1 assembly, over 30,000 polymorphic SNPs in the A, B, D genomes were used to analyze population structure and diversity, the results revealed the separation of the three species and the differentiation of CIMMYT improved breeding lines and landraces or widely grown cultivars. In addition, several chromosomal regions under selection were detected. A subset of 280 bread wheat accessions was evaluated for grain traits, including grain length, width, surface area, and color. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed that several chromosomal regions were significantly linked to known quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling grain-related traits. One of the SNP peaks at the end of chromosome 7A was in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with WAPO-A1, a gene that governs yield components. CONCLUSIONS Here, the most updated and accurate physical positions of SNPs on 90 K genotyping array are provided for the first time. The diverse germplasm collection and associated genotypes are available for the wheat researchers to use in their molecular breeding program. We expect these resources to broaden the genetic basis of original breeding and pre-breeding materials and ultimately identify molecular markers associated with important agronomic traits which are evaluated in diverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Chou
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Shih Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsin Wen
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Tung
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Eagle J, Liu Y, Naruoka Y, Liu W, Ruff T, Hooker M, Sthapit S, Marston E, Marlowe K, Pumphrey M, See DR. Identification and Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Stripe Rust Resistance in Spring Club Wheat Cultivar JD. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2490-2497. [PMID: 35077228 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-21-2627-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici, commonly known as stripe rust, is an economically important pathogen of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The hexaploid club spring wheat cultivar JD contains both all-stage and adult plant resistance (APR) genes and exhibited consistent high resistance to stripe rust in the field. In this study, we aimed to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for stripe rust resistance using a BC1F7 back-cross inbred-line population derived from the cross of JD and the recurrent parental line 'Avocet'. The population was phenotyped in field plots in Washington State at the Spillman Agronomy Farm in Pullman and Mount Vernon Northwest Washington Research and Extension Center in between 2014 and 2016. A major QTL tentatively designated as QYrJD.wsu-1B, conferring all-stage resistance in JD background, was identified and mapped at the telomere region on the short arm of chromosome 1B using the genotyping-by-sequencing method. This QTL was further characterized with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and found to have the greatest logarithm-of-the-odds score and phenotypic effect, using SSR marker wmc798 on chromosome 1BS. Seven additional QTLs associated with APR were identified in the JD background on chromosomes 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 6B, and 7A with partial phenotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Eagle
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
| | | | - Weizhen Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Travis Ruff
- Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
| | - Marcus Hooker
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
| | - Sajal Sthapit
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
| | - Elliott Marston
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
| | - Karol Marlowe
- Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
| | - Michael Pumphrey
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
| | - Deven R See
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
- Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
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8
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Jambuthenne DT, Riaz A, Athiyannan N, Alahmad S, Ng WL, Ziems L, Afanasenko O, Periyannan SK, Aitken E, Platz G, Godwin I, Voss-Fels KP, Dinglasan E, Hickey LT. Mining the Vavilov wheat diversity panel for new sources of adult plant resistance to stripe rust. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:1355-1373. [PMID: 35113190 PMCID: PMC9033734 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multi-year evaluation of the Vavilov wheat diversity panel identified new sources of adult plant resistance to stripe rust. Genome-wide association studies revealed the key genomic regions influencing resistance, including seven novel loci. Wheat stripe rust (YR) caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) poses a significant threat to global food security. Resistance genes commonly found in many wheat varieties have been rendered ineffective due to the rapid evolution of the pathogen. To identify novel sources of adult plant resistance (APR), 292 accessions from the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Saint Petersburg, Russia, were screened for known APR genes (i.e. Yr18, Yr29, Yr46, Yr33, Yr39 and Yr59) using linked polymerase chain reaction (PCR) molecular markers. Accessions were evaluated against Pst (pathotype 134 E16 A + Yr17 + Yr27) at seedling and adult plant stages across multiple years (2014, 2015 and 2016) in Australia. Phenotypic analyses identified 132 lines that potentially carry novel sources of APR to YR. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified 68 significant marker-trait associations (P < 0.001) for YR resistance, representing 47 independent quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions. Fourteen genomic regions overlapped with previously reported Yr genes, including Yr29, Yr56, Yr5, Yr43, Yr57, Yr30, Yr46, Yr47, Yr35, Yr36, Yrxy1, Yr59, Yr52 and YrYL. In total, seven QTL (positioned on chromosomes 1D, 2A, 3A, 3D, 5D, 7B and 7D) did not collocate with previously reported genes or QTL, indicating the presence of promising novel resistance factors. Overall, the Vavilov diversity panel provides a rich source of new alleles which could be used to broaden the genetic bases of YR resistance in modern wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilani T Jambuthenne
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Adnan Riaz
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Naveenkumar Athiyannan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food,, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Samir Alahmad
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Wei Ling Ng
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura Ziems
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Olga Afanasenko
- Department of Plant Resistance To Diseases, All Russian Research Institute for Plant Protection, St Petersburg, Russia, 196608
| | - Sambasivam K Periyannan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food,, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Aitken
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Greg Platz
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian Godwin
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Kai P Voss-Fels
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Eric Dinglasan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - Lee T Hickey
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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9
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QTL mapping for adult plant resistance to wheat stripe rust in M96-5 × Guixie 3 wheat population. J Appl Genet 2022; 63:265-279. [PMID: 35338429 PMCID: PMC8979893 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-022-00686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Development of cultivars with multiple resistances has proven to be an effective way to prevent diseases in wheat breeding. The Guixie 3 variety (GX3) has shown excellent performance in resistance to stripe rust in field for many years. The purpose of this study was to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to stripe rust in the adult plant stage and determine closely linked molecular markers. A population of recombinant inbred lines (n = 228) was derived from a cross between the susceptible landrace Mian 96-5 (M96-5) and GX3 variety and evaluated in multiple field studies, and QTL analysis enabled to elucidate genetic architecture of wheat resistance to stripe rust. A total of 19 QTL for stripe rust resistance were mapped on 12 chromosomes using phenotypic data from multiple field tests over the course of 6 years. These chromosomes included 1B (2), 1D (2), 2A (2), 2B (2), 2D (1), 4B (2), 4D (1), 5A (3), 5B (1), 6A (1), 6B (1), and 7B (1). Two stable QTL on chromosomes 2AS (Qyr.gaas.2A) and 6AL (Qyr.gaas.6A) were detected in six and five different environments, respectively; in both QTL, positive allele was contributed by GX3 variety. Qyr.gaas.2A was found to be crucial for increasing adult plant resistance, which may explain the large phenotypic variation of 45.52%. Our results provide theoretical and molecular insight for wheat breeding and suggest the cloning of genes associated with the GX3 variety may be beneficial in future studies.
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Yao F, Long L, Li J, Li H, Pu Z, Li W, Jiang Q, Wang J, Wei Y, Ma J, Kang H, Qi P, Dai S, Deng M, Zheng Y, Jiang Y, Chen G. Molecular Mapping of a Novel Quantitative Trait Locus Conferring Adult Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in Chinese Wheat Landrace Guangtoumai. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:1919-1925. [PMID: 32990521 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-20-1544-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stripe rust (yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. Chinese wheat landrace Guangtoumai (GTM) exhibited a high level of resistance against predominant P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races in China at the adult plant stage. The objective of this research was to identify and map the major locus/loci for stripe rust resistance in GTM. A set of 212 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross between GTM and Avocet S. The parents and RILs were evaluated in three field tests (2018, 2019, and 2020 at Chongzhou, Sichuan) with the currently predominant P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races for final disease severity and genotyped with the Wheat 55K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to construct a genetic map with 1,031 SNP markers. A major locus, named QYr.GTM-5DL, was detected on chromosome 5DL in GTM. The locus was mapped in a 2.75-cM interval flanked by SNP markers AX-109855976 and AX-109453419, explaining up to 44.4% of the total phenotypic variation. Since no known Yr genes have been reported on chromosome 5DL, QYr.GTM-5DL is very likely a novel adult plant resistance locus. Haplotype analysis revealed that the resistance allele displayed enhanced levels of stripe rust resistance and is likely present in 5.3% of the 247 surveyed Chinese wheat landraces. The derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) marker dCAPS-5722, converted from a SNP marker tightly linked to QYr.GTM-5DL with 0.3 cM, was validated on a subset of RILs and 48 commercial wheat cultivars developed in Sichuan. The results indicated that QYr.GTM-5DL with its linked dCAPS marker could be used in marker-assisted selection to improve stripe rust resistance in breeding programs, and this quantitative trait locus will provide new and possibly durable resistance to stripe rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Fangjie Yao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Li Long
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zhien Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jirui Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Shoufen Dai
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Mei Deng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
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11
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Tehseen MM, Tonk FA, Tosun M, Amri A, Sansaloni CP, Kurtulus E, Yazbek M, Al-Sham'aa K, Ozseven I, Safdar LB, Shehadeh A, Nazari K. Genome-wide association study of resistance to PstS2 and Warrior races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (stripe rust) in bread wheat landraces. THE PLANT GENOME 2021; 14:e20066. [PMID: 33615748 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stripe or yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici is a major threat to bread wheat production worldwide. The breakdown in resistance of certain major genes and newly emerging aggressive races of stripe rusts pose serious concerns in all main wheat growing areas of the world. To identify new sources of resistance and associated QTL for effective utilization in future breeding programs an association mapping (AM) panel comprising of 600 bread wheat landraces collected from eight different countries conserved at ICARDA gene bank were evaluated for seedling and adult plant resistance against the PstS2 and Warrior races of stripe rust at the Regional Cereal Rust Research Center (RCRRC), Izmir, Turkey during 2016, 2018 and 2019. A set of 25,169 informative SNP markers covering the whole genome were used to examine the population structure, linkage disequilibrium and marker-trait associations in the AM panel. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out using a Mixed Linear Model (MLM). We identified 47 SNP markers across 19 chromosomes with significant SNP-trait associations for both seedling stage and adult plant resistance. The threshold of significance for all SNP-trait associations was determined by the false discovery rate (q) ≤ 0.05. Three genomic regions (QYr.1D_APR, QYr.3A_seedling and QYr.7D_seedling) identified in this study do not correspond to previously reported Yr genes or QTL, suggesting new genomic regions for stripe rust resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muzaffer Tosun
- Department of Field Crops, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmed Amri
- ICARDA-PreBreeding & Genebank Operations, Biodiversity and Crop Improvement Program, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Ezgi Kurtulus
- Turkey-ICARDA Regional Cereal Rust Research Center (RCRRC), P.O. Box 35661, Menemen, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mariana Yazbek
- ICARDA-Genetic Resources, PreBreeding & Genebank Operations, Biodiversity and Crop Improvement Program, Terbol, Lebanon
| | | | - Izzet Ozseven
- Agean Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Cereal Rust Research Center (RCRRC), P.O. Box 35661, Menemen, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Luqman Bin Safdar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Shehadeh
- ICARDA-Genetic Resources, PreBreeding & Genebank Operations, Biodiversity and Crop Improvement Program, Terbol, Lebanon
| | - Kumarse Nazari
- Turkey-ICARDA Regional Cereal Rust Research Center (RCRRC), P.O. Box 35661, Menemen, Izmir, Turkey
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12
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Yuan C, Singh RP, Liu D, Randhawa MS, Huerta-Espino J, Lan C. Genome-Wide Mapping of Adult Plant Resistance to Leaf Rust and Stripe Rust in CIMMYT Wheat Line Arableu#1. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1455-1464. [PMID: 32196419 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-19-2198-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Leaf (brown) rust (LR) and stripe (yellow) rust (YR), caused by Puccinia triticina and P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, respectively, significantly reduce wheat production worldwide. Disease-resistant wheat varieties offer farmers one of the most effective ways to manage these diseases. The common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Arableu#1, developed by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center and released as Deka in Ethiopia, shows susceptibility to both LR and YR at the seedling stage but a high level of adult plant resistance (APR) to the diseases in the field. We used 142 F5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from Apav#1 × Arableu#1 to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for APR to LR and YR. A total of 4,298 genotyping-by-sequencing markers were used to construct a genetic linkage map. The study identified four LR resistance QTLs and six YR resistance QTLs in the population. Among these, QLr.cim-1BL.1/QYr.cim-1BL.1 was located in the same location as Lr46/Yr29, a known pleiotropic resistance gene. QLr.cim-1BL.2 and QYr.cim-1BL.2 were also located on wheat chromosome 1BL at 37 cM from Lr46/Yr29 and may represent a new segment for pleiotropic resistance to both rusts. QLr.cim-7BL is likely Lr68 given its association with the tightly linked molecular marker cs7BLNLRR. In addition, QLr.cim-3DS, QYr.cim-2AL, QYr.cim-4BL, QYr.cim-5AL, and QYr.cim-7DS are probably new resistance loci based on comparisons with published QTLs for resistance to LR and YR. Our results showed the diversity of minor resistance QTLs in Arableu#1 and their role in conferring near-immune levels of APR to both LR and YR, when combined with the pleiotropic APR gene Lr46/Yr29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Yuan
- Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Plant Science & Technology, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ravi P Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 06600 Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Demei Liu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Mandeep S Randhawa
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 06600 Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Julio Huerta-Espino
- Campo Experimental Valle de Mexico INIFAP, 56230 Chapingo, Edo. de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Caixia Lan
- Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Plant Science & Technology, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhou X, Hu T, Li X, Yu M, Li Y, Yang S, Huang K, Han D, Kang Z. Genome-wide mapping of adult plant stripe rust resistance in wheat cultivar Toni. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:1693-1704. [PMID: 30941466 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two adult plant stripe rust resistance QTL, QYrto.swust-3AS and QYrto.swust-3BS, were identified and mapped in common wheat cultivar Toni. The two QTL were located to corresponding positions in the wheat physical map position based on flanking SNP markers. Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat. Characterization and utilization of resistance genes are the most effective, economic and environmental-friendly way to control the disease. The wheat cultivar Toni resistant at the adult plant stage to predominant Chinese Pst races was crossed with the susceptible genotype Mingxian 169. A recombinant inbred line population comprising 171 lines was tested in the field at three locations in the 2016 and 2017 crop seasons. The Affymetrix Axiom® 35 K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Wheat Breeder's Genotyping Array was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for adult plant resistance to stripe rust. Inclusive composite interval mapping identified stable QTL QYrto.swust-3AS and QYrto.swust-3BS that explained 31.6-48.2% and 21.9-56.3% of the variation in stripe rust severity and infection type, respectively. The two QTL regions were anchored to the wheat IWGSC Ref Seq v1.0 sequence. QYrto.swust-3AS was localized to a 2.22-Mb interval flanked by SNP markers AX-95240191 and AX-94828890. Among 65 HC (high confidence) annotated genes in this region, 11 (16.9%) contained NB-ARC domains and 9 (13.8%) contained protein kinase domains and thus could contribute to disease resistance. QYrto.swust-3BS was localized to a 4.77-Mb interval flanked by SNP markers AX-94509749 and AX-94998050. One hundred and thirty three HC genes are annotated in this region. Among them, 14 (10.5%) protein kinase domain genes may contribute to disease resistance. The linked markers should be useful for marker-assisted selection in breeding for resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Zhou
- Wheat Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Hu
- Wheat Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Wheat Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ma Yu
- Wheat Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Wheat Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Suizhuang Yang
- Wheat Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kebing Huang
- Wheat Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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14
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Zeng Q, Wu J, Liu S, Chen X, Yuan F, Su P, Wang Q, Huang S, Mu J, Han D, Kang Z, Chen XM. Genome-wide Mapping for Stripe Rust Resistance Loci in Common Wheat Cultivar Qinnong 142. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:439-447. [PMID: 30648483 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-18-0846-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici threatens worldwide wheat production. Growing resistant cultivars is the best way to control this disease. Chinese wheat cultivar Qinnong 142 (QN142) has a high level of adult-plant resistance to stripe rust. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to stripe rust resistance, we developed a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from a cross between QN142 and susceptible cultivar Avocet S. The parents and 165 F6 RILs were evaluated in terms of their stripe rust infection type and disease severity in replicated field tests with six site-year environments. The parents and RILs were genotyped with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Four stable QTLs were identified in QN142 and mapped to chromosome arms 1BL, 2AL, 2BL, and 6BS. The 1BL QTL was probably the known resistance gene Yr29, the 2BL QTL was in a resistance gene-rich region, and the 2AL and 6BS QTLs might be new. Kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction markers developed from the SNP markers flanking these QTLs were highly polymorphic in a panel of 150 wheat cultivars and breeding lines. These markers could be used in marker-assisted selection for incorporating the stripe rust resistance QTL into new wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Shengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Fengping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Qilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Jingmei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Dejun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - X M Chen
- Wheat Health, Genetics, and Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164; and Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
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15
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Tang J, Bassham DC. Autophagy in crop plants: what's new beyond Arabidopsis? Open Biol 2018; 8:180162. [PMID: 30518637 PMCID: PMC6303781 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major degradation and recycling pathway in plants. It functions to maintain cellular homeostasis and is induced by environmental cues and developmental stimuli. Over the past decade, the study of autophagy has expanded from model plants to crop species. Many features of the core machinery and physiological functions of autophagy are conserved among diverse organisms. However, several novel functions and regulators of autophagy have been characterized in individual plant species. In light of its critical role in development and stress responses, a better understanding of autophagy in crop plants may eventually lead to beneficial agricultural applications. Here, we review recent progress on understanding autophagy in crops and discuss potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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16
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Wu J, Huang S, Zeng Q, Liu S, Wang Q, Mu J, Yu S, Han D, Kang Z. Comparative genome-wide mapping versus extreme pool-genotyping and development of diagnostic SNP markers linked to QTL for adult plant resistance to stripe rust in common wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:1777-1792. [PMID: 29909527 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A major stripe rust resistance QTL on chromosome 4BL was localized to a 4.5-Mb interval using comparative QTL mapping methods and validated in 276 wheat genotypes by haplotype analysis. CYMMIT-derived wheat line P10103 was previously identified to have adult plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust in the greenhouse and field. The conventional approach for QTL mapping in common wheat is laborious. Here, we performed QTL detection of APR using a combination of genome-wide scanning and extreme pool-genotyping. SNP-based genetic maps were constructed using the Wheat55 K SNP array to genotype a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross Mingxian 169 × P10103. Five stable QTL were detected across multiple environments. A fter comparing SNP profiles from contrasting, extreme DNA pools of RILs six putative QTL were located to approximate chromosome positions. A major QTL on chromosome 4B was identified in F2:4 contrasting pools from cross Zhengmai 9023 × P10103. A consensus QTL (LOD = 26-40, PVE = 42-55%), named QYr.nwafu-4BL, was defined and localized to a 4.5-Mb interval flanked by SNP markers AX-110963704 and AX-110519862 in chromosome arm 4BL. Based on stripe rust response, marker genotypes, pedigree analysis and mapping data, QYr.nwafu-4BL is likely to be a new APR QTL. The applicability of the SNP-based markers flanking QYr.nwafu-4BL was validated on a diversity panel of 276 wheat lines. The additional minor QTL on chromosomes 4A, 5A, 5B and 6A enhanced the level of resistance conferred by QYr.nwafu-4BL. Marker-assisted pyramiding of QYr.nwafu-4BL and other favorable minor QTL in new wheat cultivars should improve the level of APR to stripe rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingdong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhou Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Wu J, Liu S, Wang Q, Zeng Q, Mu J, Huang S, Yu S, Han D, Kang Z. Rapid identification of an adult plant stripe rust resistance gene in hexaploid wheat by high-throughput SNP array genotyping of pooled extremes. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:43-58. [PMID: 28965125 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput SNP array analysis of pooled extreme phenotypes in a segregating population by KASP marker genotyping permitted rapid, cost-effective location of a stripe rust resistance QTL in wheat. German wheat cultivar "Friedrichswerther" has exhibited high levels of adult plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust in field environments for many years. F2:3 lines and F6 recombinant inbred line (RILs) populations derived from a cross between Friedrichswerther and susceptible landrace Mingxian 169 were evaluated in the field in 2013, 2016 and 2017. Illumina 90K iSelect SNP arrays were used to genotype bulked extreme pools and parents; 286 of 1135 polymorphic SNPs were identified on chromosome 6B. Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers were used to verify the chromosome region associated with the resistance locus. A linkage map was constructed with 18 KASP-SNP markers, and a major effect QTL was identified within a 1.4 cM interval flanked by KASP markers IWB71602 and IWB55937 in the region 6BL3-0-0.36. The QTL, named QYr.nwafu-6BL, was stable across environments, and explained average 54.4 and 47.8% of the total phenotypic variation in F2:3 lines and F6 RILs, respectively. On the basis of marker genotypes, pedigree analysis and relative genetic distance QYr.nwafu-6BL is likely to be a new APR QTL. Combined high-throughput SNP array genotyping of pooled extremes and validation by KASP assays lowers sequencing costs compared to genome-wide association studies with SNP arrays, and more importantly, permits rapid isolation of major effect QTL in hexaploid wheat as well as improving accuracy of mapping in the QTL region. QYr.nwafu-6BL with flanking KASP markers developed and verified in a subset of 236 diverse lines can be used in marker-assisted selection to improve stripe rust resistance in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingdong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhou Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Wu J, Wang Q, Liu S, Huang S, Mu J, Zeng Q, Huang L, Han D, Kang Z. Saturation Mapping of a Major Effect QTL for Stripe Rust Resistance on Wheat Chromosome 2B in Cultivar Napo 63 Using SNP Genotyping Arrays. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:653. [PMID: 28491075 PMCID: PMC5405077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stripe rust or yellow rust (YR), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most important diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Widespread deployment of resistant cultivars is the best means of achieving durable disease control. The red grain, spring wheat cultivar Napo 63 produced by CIMMYT in the 1960s shows a high level of adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in the field. To elucidate the genetic basis of resistance in this cultivar we evaluated 224 F2:3 lines and 175 F2:6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Napo 63 and the Pst-susceptible line Avocet S. The maximum disease severity (MDS) data of F2:3 lines and the relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC) data of RILs were collected during the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 wheat growing seasons, respectively. Combined bulked segregant analysis and 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays placed 275 of 511 polymorphic SNPs on chromosome 2B. Sixty four KASP markers selected from the 275 SNPs and 76 SSR markers on 2B were used to identify a chromosome region associated with rust response. A major effect QTL, named Qyrnap.nwafu-2BS, was identified by inclusive composite interval mapping and was preliminarily mapped to a 5.46 cM interval flanked by KASP markers 90K-AN34 and 90K-AN36 in chromosome 2BS. Fourteen KASP markers more closely linked to the locus were developed following a 660K SNP array analysis. The QTL region was finally narrowed to a 0.9 cM interval flanked by KASP markers 660K-AN21 and 660K-AN57 in bin region 2BS-1-0.53. The resistance of Napo 63 was stable across all environments, and as a QTL, explained an average 66.1% of the phenotypic variance in MDS of F2:3 lines and 55.7% of the phenotypic variance in rAUDPC of F5:6 RILs. The short genetic interval and flanking KASP markers developed in the study will facilitate marker-assisted selection, gene pyramiding, and eventual positional cloning of Qyrnap.nwafu-2BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Qilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Shengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Jingmei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Qingdong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Dejun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
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