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Shamaev ND, Shuralev EA, Mukminov MN. Current status of Nosema spp. infection cases in apis mellifera in eurasian countries and Ptp3 gene haplotypes in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2691-2698. [PMID: 38644458 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The current status of Nosema spp. infections in A. mellifera throughout Eurasia was characterized using electronic databases. Although N. ceranae was predominantly detected in southwestern and south-central regions and N. apis in northwestern and north-central areas, most studies reported the occurrence of both species in Eurasia. In addition, the occurrence of Nosema spp. and Ptp3 gene haplotypes was investigated in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Most of the examined honey bees were infected with both N. apis and N. ceranae. N. apis and N. ceranae isolates were either heterozygous or belonged to different strains and showed infection with more than one strain. New haplotypes were found for N. apis and N. ceranae in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. This study expands the data regarding existing haplotypes of Nosema species: there are currently 9 shared and 56 unique Ptp3 nucleotide sequence haplotypes of N. ceranae, and 2 shared and 7 unique haplotypes of N. apis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai D Shamaev
- Central Research Laboratory, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education (Kazan State Medical Academy Branch), Republic of Tatarstan, 36 Butlerova St, Kazan, 420012, Russia.
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Republic of Tatarstan, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
- Kazan State Medical University, Republic of Tatarstan, 49 Butlerova St, Kazan, 420012, Russia.
| | - Eduard A Shuralev
- Central Research Laboratory, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education (Kazan State Medical Academy Branch), Republic of Tatarstan, 36 Butlerova St, Kazan, 420012, Russia
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Republic of Tatarstan, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan, 420008, Russia
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Republic of Tatarstan, 35 Sibirskiy tract St, 420029, Kazan, Russia
| | - Malik N Mukminov
- Central Research Laboratory, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education (Kazan State Medical Academy Branch), Republic of Tatarstan, 36 Butlerova St, Kazan, 420012, Russia
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Republic of Tatarstan, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan, 420008, Russia
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Blot N, Clémencet J, Jourda C, Lefeuvre P, Warrit N, Esnault O, Delatte H. Geographic population structure of the honeybee microsporidian parasite Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae in the South West Indian Ocean. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12122. [PMID: 37495608 PMCID: PMC10372035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The microsporidian Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae is one of the most common parasites of the honeybee. A single honeybee carries many parasites and therefore multiple alleles of V. ceranae genes that seem to be ubiquitous. As a consequence, nucleotide diversity analyses have not allowed discriminating genetic structure of parasite populations. We performed deep loci-targeted sequencing to monitor the haplotype frequencies of genome markers in isolates from discontinuous territories, namely the tropical islands of the South West Indian Ocean. The haplotype frequency distribution corroborated the suspected tetraploidy of the parasite. Most major haplotypes were ubiquitous in the area but with variable frequency. While oceanic isolates differed from European and Asian outgroups, parasite populations from distinct archipelagoes also differed in their haplotype distribution. Interestingly an original and very divergent Malagasy isolate was detected. The observed population structure allowed formulating hypotheses upon the natural history of V. ceranae in this oceanic area. We also discussed the usefulness of allelic distribution assessment, using multiple informative loci or genome-wide analyses, when parasite population is not clonal within a single host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Blot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, "Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement", Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Johanna Clémencet
- Université de la Réunion, UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical, 97410, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Cyril Jourda
- CIRAD, UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical, 97410, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Pierre Lefeuvre
- CIRAD, UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical, 97410, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Natapot Warrit
- Center of Excellence in Entomology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Olivier Esnault
- Groupement de Défense Sanitaire de la Réunion, La Plaine des Cafres, France
| | - Hélène Delatte
- CIRAD, UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical, 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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Weng M, Zhang X, Xin Z, Xue S, Zhang Q, Li A, Zhang J. Intraspecific genetic diversity of the fish-infecting microsporidian parasite Pseudokabatana alburnus (Microsporidia). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1129136. [PMID: 36970667 PMCID: PMC10034183 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1129136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudokabatana alburnus is a xenoma-forming fish microsporidium, firstly described from the liver of the Culter alburnus from Poyang Lake in China. In the present study, P. alburnus was firstly reported from the ovary of 6 other East Asian minnows, including Squaliobarbus curriculus, Hemiculter leucisculus, Cultrichthys erythropterus, Pseudolaubuca engraulis, Toxabramis swinhonis, and Elopichthys bambusa. Genetic analysis revealed high sequence diversity in the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (Rpb1) loci of P. alburnus isolated from different hosts and locations. The variation of Rpb1 mainly occurred in the 1,477–1737 bp regions. The presence of a wide variety of Rpb1 haplotypes within a single fish host, together with evidence of genetic recombination suggested that P. alburnus may have the intergenomic variation and sexual reproduction might be present in other hosts (possibly freshwater shrimp). Phylogenetic analysis and population genetic analysis showed that there was no geographical population divergence for P. alburnus. Homogeneity and high variability of ITS sequences indicates that ITS may be a suitable molecular marker to distinguish different P. alburnus isolates. Our data confirm the broad geographical distribution and host range of P. alburnus in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Additionally, we emendated the genus Pseudokabatana to exclude the infection site, liver as one of the taxonomic criteria, and proposed that fish ovary was be the general infection site of P. alburnus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Weng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology and Microbial Resources, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology and Microbial Resources, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaozhe Xin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology and Microbial Resources, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sijia Xue
- Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology and Microbial Resources, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Aihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology and Microbial Resources, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Jinyong Zhang,
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Weng M, Zhang X, Xin Z, Xue S, Zhang Q, Li A, Zhang J. Morphological characterization and genetic diversity of a new microsporidium, Neoflabelliforma dubium n. sp. from the adipose tissue of Diaphanosoma dubium (Crustacea: Sididae). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1125394. [PMID: 36779184 PMCID: PMC9911548 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1125394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We reported a new microsporidium Neoflabelliforma dubium n. sp. from the adipose tissue of Diaphanosoma dubium in China. The infected daphnids generally appeared opaque due to the presence of numerous spore aggregates located in the adipose tissue. All developmental stages were in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm. Multinucleate sporogonial plasmodia developed into uninucleate sporoblasts by rosette-like fashion. Mature spores were pyriform and monokaryotic, measuring 4.02 ± 0.24 (3.63-4.53) µm long and 2.27 ± 0.15 (2.12-2.57) µm wide (N = 40). The polaroplast was bipartite with a tightly packed anterior lamellae and a loosely aligned posterior lamellae. Isofilar polar filament was coiled 9-11 turns and arranged in 2-3 rows. The phylogenetic analysis based on the obtained SSU rDNA sequence indicated that the N. dubium n. sp. clustered with the freshwater oligochaete-infecting N. aurantiae to form an independent monophyletic group, positioned at the base of Clade 4. In addition, we analyzed the genetic diversity in three N. dubium n. sp. isolates based on the rDNA (SSU rDNA, ITS and LSU rDNA) and Rpb1 gene. The genetic variation among the rDNA sequences was not distinct, however, high nucleotide diversity could be observed in Rpb1 gene, and a wide variety of Rpb1 haplotypes were identified within each isolate. Genetic recombination detected in the Rpb1 sequences presumes cryptic sexual process occurring in N. dubium n. sp. Statistical evolutionary analyses further indicated that the purifying selection eliminated mutations in the Rpb1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Weng
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaozhe Xin
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sijia Xue
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Aihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Jinyong Zhang,
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Babin A, Schurr F, Rivière MP, Chauzat MP, Dubois E. Specific detection and quantification of three microsporidia infecting bees, Nosema apis, Nosema ceranae, and Nosema bombi, using probe-based real-time PCR. Eur J Protistol 2022; 86:125935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Arthropod, Fungal, Protozoan, Bacterial and Viral Pathogens of Honeybees. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050221. [PMID: 35622749 PMCID: PMC9145064 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The honeybee Apis mellifera is highly appreciated worldwide because of its products, but also as it is a pollinator of crops and wild plants. The beehive is vulnerable to infections due to arthropods, fungi, protozoa, bacteria and/or viruses that manage to by-pass the individual and social immune mechanisms of bees. Due to the close proximity of bees in the beehive and their foraging habits, infections easily spread within and between beehives. Moreover, international trade of bees has caused the global spread of infections, several of which result in significant losses for apiculture. Only in a few cases can infections be diagnosed with the naked eye, by direct observation of the pathogen in the case of some arthropods, or by pathogen-associated distinctive traits. Development of molecular methods based on the amplification and analysis of one or more genes or genomic segments has brought significant progress to the study of bee pathogens, allowing for: (i) the precise and sensitive identification of the infectious agent; (ii) the analysis of co-infections; (iii) the description of novel species; (iv) associations between geno- and pheno-types and (v) population structure studies. Sequencing of bee pathogen genomes has allowed for the identification of new molecular targets and the development of specific genotypification strategies.
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Weng M, Xie D, Zhang Q, Li A, Zhang J. First report of Ovipleistophora ovariae and O. diplostomuri in China provides new insights into the intraspecific genetic variation and extends their distribution. Parasitology 2022; 149:314-324. [PMID: 35264262 PMCID: PMC11010532 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microsporidia of the genus Ovipleistophora are generally parasites of fishes and aquatic crustaceans. In the current study, Ovipleistophora diplostomuri and O. ovariae were firstly reported from Culter alburnus and Xenocypris argentea and Parabramis pekinensis, respectively. Both of them exclusively infected fish ovary and were morphologically, ultrastructurally and genetically characterized. Sporogony occurred in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm and sporophorous vesicles were not observed for the new isolates of these two Ovipleistophora species. Spores of O. ovariae were for the first time observed to be dimorphic. Genetic analysis indicated that the genetic variation in the ITS and LSU sequences was distinct among between-host O. diplostomuri isolates. High sequence variation in ITS sequence suggests that it can be a reliable molecular marker to explore the population genetics of O. diplostomuri. This is the first report of these two Ovipleistophora species in China which extends their host and geographical range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Weng
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266237Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing10049, China
| | - Derong Xie
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266237Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing10049, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Aihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266237Qingdao, China
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Kozhar O, Kim M, Ibarra Caballero J, Klopfenstein NB, Cannon PG, Stewart JE. Long evolutionary history of an emerging fungal pathogen of diverse tree species in eastern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:2013-2031. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.16384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kozhar
- Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Mee‐Sook Kim
- USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Corvallis OR USA
| | | | | | - Phil G. Cannon
- USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection Vallejo CA USA
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Polymorphism of 16s rRNA Gene: Any Effect on the Biomolecular Quantitation of the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L., 1758) Pathogen Nosema ceranae? APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12010422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The microsporidian Nosema ceranae is a severe threat to the western honey bee Apis mellifera, as it is responsible for nosemosis type C, which leads the colonies to dwindle and collapse. Infection quantification is essential to clinical and research aims. Assessment is made often with molecular assays based on rRNA genes, which are present in the N. ceranae genome as multiple and polymorphic copies. This study aims to compare two different methods of Real-Time PCR (qPCR), respectively relying on the 16S rRNA and Hsp70 genes, the first of which is described as a multiple and polymorphic gene. Young worker bees, hatched in the laboratory and artificially inoculated with N. ceranae spores, were incubated at 33 °C and subject to different treatment regimens. Samples were taken post-infection and analyzed with both qPCR methods. Compared to Hsp70, the 16S rRNA method systematically detected higher abundance. Straightforward conversion between the two methods is made impossible by erratic 16s rRNA/Hsp70 ratios. The 16s rRNA polymorphism showed an increase around the inoculated dose, where a higher prevalence of ungerminated spores was expected due to the treatment effects. The possible genetic background of that irregular distribution is discussed in detail. The polymorphic nature of 16S rRNA showed to be a limit in the infection quantification. More reliably, the N. ceranae abundance can be assessed in honey bee samples with methods based on the single-copy gene Hsp70.
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Gabín-García LB, Bartolomé C, Guerra-Tort C, Rojas-Nossa SV, Llovo J, Maside X. Identification of pathogens in the invasive hornet Vespa velutina and in native Hymenoptera (Apidae, Vespidae) from SW-Europe. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11233. [PMID: 34045562 PMCID: PMC8160249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species contribute to deteriorate the health of ecosystems due to their direct effects on native fauna and the local parasite-host dynamics. We studied the potential impact of the invasive hornet Vespa velutina on the European parasite-host system by comparing the patterns of diversity and abundance of pathogens (i.e. Microsporidia: Nosematidae; Euglenozoa: Trypanosomatidae and Apicomplexa: Lipotrophidae) in European V. velutina specimens with those in the native European hornet Vespa crabro, as well as other common Hymenoptera (genera Vespula, Polistes and Bombus). We show that (i) V. velutina harbours most common hymenopteran enteropathogens as well as several new parasitic taxa. (ii) Parasite diversity in V. velutina is most similar to that of V. crabro. (iii) No unambiguous evidence of pathogen release by V. velutina was detected. This evidence together with the extraordinary population densities that V. velutina reaches in Europe (around of 100,000 individuals per km2 per year), mean that this invasive species could severely alter the native pathogen-host dynamics either by actively contributing to the dispersal of the parasites and/or by directly interacting with them, which could have unexpected long-term harmful consequences on the native entomofauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis B Gabín-García
- CiMUS P2D2, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av. de Barcelona s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacións Sanitarias de Santiago (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain
| | - Carolina Bartolomé
- CiMUS P2D2, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av. de Barcelona s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacións Sanitarias de Santiago (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain
| | - Carla Guerra-Tort
- CiMUS P2D2, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av. de Barcelona s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain
| | - Sandra V Rojas-Nossa
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Galiza, Spain
| | - José Llovo
- Instituto de Investigacións Sanitarias de Santiago (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain
| | - Xulio Maside
- CiMUS P2D2, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av. de Barcelona s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigacións Sanitarias de Santiago (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain.
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Huang Q, Evans JD. Targeting the honey bee gut parasite Nosema ceranae with siRNA positively affects gut bacteria. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:258. [PMID: 32807095 PMCID: PMC7433167 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbial communities can contribute positively and negatively to host health. So far, eight core bacterial taxonomic clusters have been reported in honey bees. These bacteria are involved in host metabolism and defenses. Nosema ceranae is a gut intracellular parasite of honey bees which destroys epithelial cells and gut tissue integrity. Studies have shown protective impacts of honey bee gut microbiota towards N. ceranae infection. However, the impacts of N. ceranae on the relative abundance of honey bee gut microbiota remains unclear, and has been confounded during prior infection assays which resulted in the co-inoculation of bacteria during Nosema challenges. We used a novel method, the suppression of N. ceranae with specific siRNAs, to measure the impacts of Nosema on the gut microbiome. RESULTS Suppressing N. ceranae led to significant positive effects on microbial abundance. Nevertheless, 15 bacterial taxa, including three core taxa, were negatively correlated with N. ceranae levels. In particular, one co-regulated group of 7 bacteria was significantly negatively correlated with N. ceranae levels. CONCLUSIONS N. ceranae are negatively correlated with the abundance of 15 identified bacteria. Our results provide insights into interactions between gut microbes and N. ceranae during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Avenue 1101, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Jay D Evans
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, BARC-East Building 306, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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Menolli N, Sánchez-García M. Brazilian fungal diversity represented by DNA markers generated over 20 years. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:729-749. [PMID: 31828716 PMCID: PMC7203393 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular techniques using fungal DNA barcoding (ITS) and other markers have been key to identifying the biodiversity of different geographic areas, mainly in megadiverse countries. Here, we provide an overview of the fungal diversity in Brazil based on DNA markers of phylogenetic importance generated since 1996. We retrieved fungal sequences of ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, β-tubulin, rpb1, rpb2, actin, chitin synthase, and ATP6 from GenBank using different field keywords that indicated their origin in Brazil. A total of 19,440 sequences were recovered. ITS is the most representative marker (11,209 sequences), with 70.1% belonging to Ascomycota, 18.6% Basidiomycota, 10.2% unidentified, 1.1% Mucoromycota, two sequences of Olpidium bornovanus (Fungi incertae sedis), one sequence of Blastocladiomycota (Allomyces arbusculus), and one sequence of Chytridiomycota (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Considering the sequences of all selected markers, only the phyla Cryptomycota and Entorrhizomycota were not represented. Based on ITS, using a cutoff of 98%, all sequences comprise 3047 OTUs, with the majority being Ascomycota (2088 OTUs) and Basidiomycota (681 OTUs). Previous numbers based mainly on morphological and bibliographical data revealed 5264 fungal species from Brazil, with a predominance of Basidiomycota (2741 spp.) and Ascomycota (1881 spp.). The unidentified ITS sequences not assigned to a higher taxonomic level represent 1.61% of all ITS sequences sampled and correspond to 38 unknown class-level lineages (75% cutoff). A maximum likelihood phylogeny based on LSU illustrates the fungal classes occurring in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Menolli
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza e Matemática (DCM), Subárea de Biologia (SAB), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Câmpus São Paulo, Rua Pedro Vicente 625, São Paulo, SP, 01109-010, Brazil.
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-012, Brazil.
| | - Marisol Sánchez-García
- Biology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA
- Uppsala Biocentre, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SE-75005, Sweden
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Alonso-Prados E, Muñoz I, De la Rúa P, Serrano J, Fernández-Alba AR, García-Valcárcel AI, Hernando MD, Alonso Á, Alonso-Prados JL, Bartolomé C, Maside X, Barrios L, Martín-Hernández R, Higes M. The toxic unit approach as a risk indicator in honey bees surveillance programmes: A case of study in Apis mellifera iberiensis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134208. [PMID: 31505351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The influence of genetic diversity and exposure to xenobiotics on the prevalence of pathogens was studied within the context of a voluntary epidemiological study in Spanish apiaries of Apis mellifera iberiensis, carried out during the spring season of years 2014 and 2015. As such, the evolutionary lineages of the honey bee colonies were identified, a multiresidue analysis of xenobiotics was carried out in beebread and worker bee samples, and the Toxic Unit (TUm) was estimated for each sampled apiary. The relationship between lineages and the most prevalent pathogens (Nosema ceranae, Varroa destructor, trypanosomatids, Black Queen Cell Virus; and Deformed Wing Virus) was analysed with contingency tables, and the possible relationships between TUm and the prevalence of these pathogens were studied by using a factor analysis. The statistical analysis supported the associations between V. destructor and Deformed Wing Virus (DWV), and between N. ceranae and Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV), but the association between these pathogens and trypanosomatids was not observed. TUm values varied between 5.5 × 10-6 and 3.65 × 10-1. When TUm < 3.35 × 10-4, it was mainly determined by coumaphos, tau-fluvalinate and/or chlorfenvinphos. At higher values, other insecticides also contributed to TUm, although a clear predominance was not seen up to TUm ≥ 1.83 × 10-2, when it was mainly defined by acrinathrin, spinosad and/or imidacloprid. The possible cumulative effect from the joint action of xenobiotics was >10% in the 63% of the cases. The prevalence of pathogens did not appear to be influenced by the distribution of evolutionary lineages and, while the prevalence of V. destructor was not found to be determined by TUm, there was a trend towards an increasing prevalence of N. ceranae when TUm ≥ 23 10-4. This study is an example of using TUm approach beyond the field of the ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alonso-Prados
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Muñoz
- Área de Biología Animal, Dpto. Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar De la Rúa
- Área de Biología Animal, Dpto. Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Serrano
- Área de Biología Animal, Dpto. Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Amadeo R Fernández-Alba
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | | | - María Dolores Hernando
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Alonso
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Alonso-Prados
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Bartolomé
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; Grupo de Xenómica Comparada de Parásitos Humanos, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Xulio Maside
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; Grupo de Xenómica Comparada de Parásitos Humanos, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Forenses, Anatomía Patolóxica, Xinecoloxía e Obstetricia, e Pediatría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Laura Barrios
- Departamento de Estadística, CTI. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Martín-Hernández
- Instituto de Recursos Humanos para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (INCRECYT-FEDER), Fundación Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Castilla - La Mancha, Spain; Laboratorio de Patología Apícola, Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental (CIAPA), Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal (IRIAF), Consejería de Agricultura de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de San Martín s/n, 19180 Marchamalo, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Mariano Higes
- Instituto de Recursos Humanos para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (INCRECYT-FEDER), Fundación Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Castilla - La Mancha, Spain
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Martín-Hernández R, Bartolomé C, Chejanovsky N, Le Conte Y, Dalmon A, Dussaubat C, García-Palencia P, Meana A, Pinto MA, Soroker V, Higes M. Nosema ceranaeinApis mellifera: a 12 years postdetectionperspective. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:1302-1329. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martín-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Patología Apícola. Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental de Marchamalo, (CIAPA-IRIAF), Consejería de Agricultura de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha; Marchamalo Spain
- Instituto de Recursos Humanos para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (INCRECYT-FEDER), Fundación Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Castilla - La Mancha; Spain
| | - Carolina Bartolomé
- Medicina Xenómica, CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Xenómica Comparada de Parásitos Humanos, IDIS, 15782 Santiago de Compostela; Galicia Spain
| | - Nor Chejanovsky
- Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center; Rishon LeZion Israel
| | - Yves Le Conte
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement; F-84000 Avignon France
| | - Anne Dalmon
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement; F-84000 Avignon France
| | | | | | - Aranzazu Meana
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Spain
| | - M. Alice Pinto
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança; 5300-253 Bragança Portugal
| | - Victoria Soroker
- Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center; Rishon LeZion Israel
| | - Mariano Higes
- Laboratorio de Patología Apícola. Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental de Marchamalo, (CIAPA-IRIAF), Consejería de Agricultura de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha; Marchamalo Spain
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15
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Pacini A, Mira A, Molineri A, Giacobino A, Bulacio Cagnolo N, Aignasse A, Zago L, Izaguirre M, Merke J, Orellano E, Bertozzi E, Pietronave H, Russo R, Scannapieco A, Lanzavecchia S, Schnittger L, Signorini M. Distribution and prevalence of Nosema apis and N. ceranae in temperate and subtropical eco-regions of Argentina. J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 141:34-37. [PMID: 27816747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A total of 361 colonies from 59 apiaries located in two temperate and three subtropical eco-regions were examined during the post-harvest period to determine distribution and prevalence of Nosema spp. Apiaries from subtropical eco-regions showed a lower spore count than those from temperate eco-regions. Pure N. ceranae and co-infection were detected in apiaries from all regions. In contrast, pure N. apis infection was exclusively observed in the subtropical study region. The predominant detection of N. apis in a subtropical region joining a southern temperate region where mainly co-infected apiaries were identified is in contrast to previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pacini
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 km 227, Rafaela 2300, Santa Fe Province, Argentina; CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Anabela Mira
- Instituto de Patobiología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), INTA-Castelar, Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina; CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ana Molineri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 km 227, Rafaela 2300, Santa Fe Province, Argentina; CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Agostina Giacobino
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 km 227, Rafaela 2300, Santa Fe Province, Argentina; CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Natalia Bulacio Cagnolo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 km 227, Rafaela 2300, Santa Fe Province, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Aignasse
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Resistencia, Av. Wilde N° 5, Resistencia 3500, Chaco Province, Argentina; Ministerio de la Producción de la Provincia de Formosa, Programa para el Desarrollo Apícola, Belgrano 878, Formosa 3600, Formosa Province, Argentina.
| | - Luis Zago
- Instituto de Genética, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), INTA-Castelar, Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.
| | - Mercedes Izaguirre
- Instituto de Patobiología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), INTA-Castelar, Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.
| | - Julieta Merke
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 km 227, Rafaela 2300, Santa Fe Province, Argentina.
| | - Emanuel Orellano
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 km 227, Rafaela 2300, Santa Fe Province, Argentina.
| | - Ezequiel Bertozzi
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 km 227, Rafaela 2300, Santa Fe Province, Argentina.
| | - Hernan Pietronave
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 km 227, Rafaela 2300, Santa Fe Province, Argentina.
| | - Romina Russo
- Instituto de Genética, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), INTA-Castelar, Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.
| | - Alejandra Scannapieco
- Instituto de Genética, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), INTA-Castelar, Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina; CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Silvia Lanzavecchia
- Instituto de Genética, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), INTA-Castelar, Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.
| | - Leonhard Schnittger
- Instituto de Patobiología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), INTA-Castelar, Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina; CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Signorini
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 km 227, Rafaela 2300, Santa Fe Province, Argentina; CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Sagastume S, Martín-Hernández R, Higes M, Henriques-Gil N. Genotype diversity in the honey bee parasite Nosema ceranae: multi-strain isolates, cryptic sex or both? BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:216. [PMID: 27756211 PMCID: PMC5069816 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is great controversy as to whether Microsporidia undergo a sexual cycle. In the paradigmatic case of Nosema ceranae, although there is no morphological evidence of sex, some meiosis-specific genes are present in its reduced genome and there is also high intraspecific variability, with incongruent phylogenies having been systematically obtained. The possibility of sexual recombination is important from an epidemiological standpoint, particularly as N. ceranae is considered to be a major factor in the current disquieting epidemic of widespread bee colony losses. This parasite apparently originated in oriental honey bees, spreading out of Asia and Australia to infect honey bees worldwide. This study had three main objectives: i) to obtain genetic markers that are not part of known multi-copy arrays for strain determination; ii) to shed light on the intraspecific variability and recombination of N. ceranae; and iii) to assess the variability in N. ceranae populations. The answers to these questions are critical to understand the capacity of adaptation of microsporidia. Results Biallelic polymorphisms were detected at a number of specific points in the five coding loci analyzed from European and Australian isolates of N. ceranae. Heterozygous genotypes were abundant and cloning experiments demonstrate that they reflect the existence of multiple alternative sequences in each isolate. The comparisons of different clones and genotypes clearly indicate that new haplotypes are generated by homologous recombination. Conclusions The N. ceranae isolates from honey bees correspond to genotypically distinct populations, revealing that individual honey bees may not be infected by a particular clone but rather, a pool of different strains. Homologous recombination implies the existence of a cryptic sex cycle yet to be described in N. ceranae. There are no diagnostic alleles associated with Australian or European origins, nor are there differences between the two hosts, A. cerana and A. mellifera, supporting the absence of biological barriers for N. ceranae transmission. Diversity is high among microsporidia of both these origins, and the maintenance of a high heterozygosis in the recently invaded European populations, could hypothetically underlie the stronger virulence of N. ceranae observed in A. mellifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Sagastume
- Centro Apícola Regional, Bee Pathology Laboratory, 19180, Marchamalo, Guadalajara, Spain.
| | - Raquel Martín-Hernández
- Centro Apícola Regional, Bee Pathology Laboratory, 19180, Marchamalo, Guadalajara, Spain.,Instituto de Recursos Humanos para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (INCRECYT), Parque Científico de Albacete, Spain
| | - Mariano Higes
- Centro Apícola Regional, Bee Pathology Laboratory, 19180, Marchamalo, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Nuno Henriques-Gil
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus de Montepríncipe, 28668, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Clonal Evolution of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Populations in Swine and Genetic Differentiation in Subpopulations between Isolates from Swine and Humans. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004966. [PMID: 27563718 PMCID: PMC5001694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a widespread parasite with high genetic diversity among hosts. Its natural reservoir remains elusive and data on population structure are available only in isolates from primates. Here we describe a population genetic study of 101 E. bieneusi isolates from pigs using sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and four mini- and microsatellite markers. The presence of strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) and limited genetic recombination indicated a clonal structure for the population. Bayesian inference of phylogeny, structural analysis, and principal coordinates analysis separated the overall population into three subpopulations (SP3 to SP5) with genetic segregation of the isolates at some geographic level. Comparative analysis showed the differentiation of SP3 to SP5 from the two known E. bieneusi subpopulations (SP1 and SP2) from primates. The placement of a human E. bieneusi isolate in pig subpopulation SP4 supported the zoonotic potential of some E. bieneusi isolates. Network analysis showed directed evolution of SP5 to SP3/SP4 and SP1 to SP2. The high LD and low number of inferred recombination events are consistent with the possibility of host adaptation in SP2, SP3, and SP4. In contrast, the reduced LD and high genetic diversity in SP1 and SP5 might be results of broad host range and adaptation to new host environment. The data provide evidence of the potential occurrence of host adaptation in some of E. bieneusi isolates that belong to the zoonotic ITS Group 1.
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González-Tortuero E, Rusek J, Maayan I, Petrusek A, Piálek L, Laurent S, Wolinska J. Genetic diversity of two Daphnia-infecting microsporidian parasites, based on sequence variation in the internal transcribed spacer region. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:293. [PMID: 27206473 PMCID: PMC4875737 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microsporidia are spore-forming obligate intracellular parasites that include both emerging pathogens and economically important disease agents. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of microsporidia. Here, we investigated patterns of geographic population structure, intraspecific genetic variation, and recombination in two microsporidian taxa that commonly infect cladocerans of the Daphnia longispina complex in central Europe. Taken together, this information helps elucidate the reproductive mode and life-cycles of these parasite species. Methods Microsporidia-infected Daphnia were sampled from seven drinking water reservoirs in the Czech Republic. Two microsporidia species (Berwaldia schaefernai and microsporidium lineage MIC1) were sequenced at the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, using the 454 pyrosequencing platform. Geographical structure analyses were performed applying Fisher’s exact tests, analyses of molecular variance, and permutational MANOVA. To evaluate the genetic diversity of the ITS region, the number of polymorphic sites and Tajima’s and Watterson’s estimators of theta were calculated. Tajima’s D was also used to determine if the ITS in these taxa evolved neutrally. Finally, neighbour similarity score and pairwise homology index tests were performed to detect recombination events. Results While there was little variation among Berwaldia parasite strains infecting different host populations, the among-population genetic variation of MIC1 was significant. Likewise, ITS genetic diversity was lower in Berwaldia than in MIC1. Recombination signals were detected only in Berwaldia. Conclusion Genetic tests showed that parasite populations could have expanded recently after a bottleneck or that the ITS could be under negative selection in both microsporidia species. Recombination analyses might indicate cryptic sex in Berwaldia and pure asexuality in MIC1. The differences observed between the two microsporidian species present an exciting opportunity to study the genetic basis of microsporidia-Daphnia coevolution in natural populations, and to better understand reproduction in these parasites. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1584-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique González-Tortuero
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Centre for Genomics in Biodiversity Research (BeGenDiv), Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82512, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Jakub Rusek
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82512, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Inbar Maayan
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82512, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Adam Petrusek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Piálek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Laurent
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Wolinska
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Free University of Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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