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Muema DM, Akilimali NA, Ndumnego OC, Rasehlo SS, Durgiah R, Ojwach DBA, Ismail N, Dong M, Moodley A, Dong KL, Ndhlovu ZM, Mabuka JM, Walker BD, Mann JK, Ndung'u T. Association between the cytokine storm, immune cell dynamics, and viral replicative capacity in hyperacute HIV infection. BMC Med 2020; 18:81. [PMID: 32209092 PMCID: PMC7093991 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunological damage in acute HIV infection (AHI) may predispose to detrimental clinical sequela. However, studies on the earliest HIV-induced immunological changes are limited, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the plasma cytokines kinetics, and their associations with virological and immunological parameters, in a well-characterized AHI cohort where participants were diagnosed before peak viremia. METHODS Blood cytokine levels were measured using Luminex and ELISA assays pre-infection, during the hyperacute infection phase (before or at peak viremia, 1-11 days after the first detection of viremia), after peak viremia (24-32 days), and during the early chronic phase (77-263 days). Gag-protease-driven replicative capacities of the transmitted/founder viruses were determined using a green fluorescent reporter T cell assay. Complete blood counts were determined before and immediately following AHI detection before ART initiation. RESULTS Untreated AHI was associated with a cytokine storm of 12 out of the 33 cytokines analyzed. Initiation of ART during Fiebig stages I-II abrogated the cytokine storm. In untreated AHI, virus replicative capacity correlated positively with IP-10 (rho = 0.84, P < 0.001) and IFN-alpha (rho = 0.59, P = 0.045) and inversely with nadir CD4+ T cell counts (rho = - 0.58, P = 0.048). Hyperacute HIV infection before the initiation of ART was associated with a transient increase in monocytes (P < 0.001), decreased lymphocytes (P = 0.011) and eosinophils (P = 0.003) at Fiebig stages I-II, and decreased eosinophils (P < 0.001) and basophils (P = 0.007) at Fiebig stages III-V. Levels of CXCL13 during the untreated hyperacute phase correlated inversely with blood eosinophils (rho = - 0.89, P < 0.001), basophils (rho = - 0.87, P = 0.001) and lymphocytes (rho = - 0.81, P = 0.005), suggesting their trafficking into tissues. In early treated individuals, time to viral load suppression correlated positively with plasma CXCL13 at the early chronic phase (rho = 0.83, P = 0.042). CONCLUSION While commencement of ART during Fiebig stages I-II of AHI abrogated the HIV-induced cytokine storm, significant depletions of eosinophils, basophils, and lymphocytes, as well as transient expansions of monocytes, were still observed in these individuals in the hyperacute phase before the initiation of ART, suggesting that even ART initiated during the onset of viremia does not abrogate all HIV-induced immune changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Muema
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | | | - Doty B A Ojwach
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nasreen Ismail
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mary Dong
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Amber Moodley
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Krista L Dong
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zaza M Ndhlovu
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Bruce D Walker
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaclyn K Mann
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa. .,HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany. .,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
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Sahmoudi K, El Allam A, El Fakihi S, Tahoune H, Sadak A, El Hafidi N, Bourkadi J, El Aouad R, Seghrouchni F. Moroccan lymphocyte subsets reference ranges: age, gender, ethnicity, and socio-economic factors dependent differences. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2020; 41:281-296. [PMID: 32065027 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2020.1728543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocyte subsets reference ranges are helpful for a precise diagnosis and therapy of various diseases. We attempted in the current study to establish Moroccan lymphocyte reference range and reveal age, gender, ethnicity, income, and instructional levels dependent differences. Lymphocyte subsets percentage and absolute count were determined by 4-color flow cytometry in a population study of 145 adults Moroccan healthy volunteers. Analysis showed significant age-dependent changes. Age was associated with a decrease of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and an increase of memory CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Activated CD4+ CD38+ and CD8+ CD38+ T cells, Treg as well as NK cell showed age-dependent alterations. In contrast, B cells remained unchanged. A higher percentage of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells was observed in females while CD8+, B and NK cells count were higher in men. Ethnicity, instructional levels, and personal income seem to not influence lymphocyte subsets reference values. This study provides reference ranges for lymphocyte subsets of healthy Moroccan adults. These results can be used for other North African (Maghrebian) countries considering their geographic, ethnic, economic, and cultural similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Sahmoudi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, The National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco.,Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aicha El Allam
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, The National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco.,Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sara El Fakihi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, The National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham Tahoune
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, The National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Sadak
- Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naima El Hafidi
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Avicenne University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Rajae El Aouad
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, The National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fouad Seghrouchni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, The National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
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Yi JS, Rosa-Bray M, Staats J, Zakroysky P, Chan C, Russo MA, Dumbauld C, White S, Gierman T, Weinhold KJ, Guptill JT. Establishment of normative ranges of the healthy human immune system with comprehensive polychromatic flow cytometry profiling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225512. [PMID: 31825961 PMCID: PMC6905525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing normative flow cytometry data have several limitations including small sample sizes, incompletely described study populations, variable flow cytometry methodology, and limited depth for defining lymphocyte subpopulations. To overcome these issues, we defined high-dimensional flow cytometry reference ranges for the healthy human immune system using Human Immunology Project Consortium methodologies after carefully screening 127 subjects deemed healthy through clinical and laboratory testing. We enrolled subjects in the following age cohorts: 18–29 years, 30–39, 40–49, and 50–66 and enrolled cohorts to ensure an even gender distribution and at least 30% non-Caucasians. From peripheral blood mononuclear cells, flow cytometry reference ranges were defined for >50 immune subsets including T-cell (activation, maturation, T follicular helper and regulatory T cell), B-cell, and innate cells. We also developed a web tool for visualization of the dataset and download of raw data. This dataset provides the immunology community with a resource to compare and extract data from rigorously characterized healthy subjects across age groups, gender and race.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Yi
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | | | - Janet Staats
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Pearl Zakroysky
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Cliburn Chan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Melissa A Russo
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Chelsae Dumbauld
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Scott White
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Todd Gierman
- Biomat USA-Grifols Plasma Operations, United States of America
| | - Kent J Weinhold
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey T Guptill
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America.,Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
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Naluyima P, Lal KG, Costanzo MC, Kijak GH, Gonzalez VD, Blom K, Eller LA, Creegan M, Hong T, Kim D, Quinn TC, Björkström NK, Ljunggren HG, Serwadda D, Katabira ET, Sewankambo NK, Gray RH, Baeten JM, Michael NL, Wabwire-Mangen F, Robb ML, Bolton DL, Sandberg JK, Eller MA. Terminal Effector CD8 T Cells Defined by an IKZF2 +IL-7R - Transcriptional Signature Express FcγRIIIA, Expand in HIV Infection, and Mediate Potent HIV-Specific Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2210-2221. [PMID: 31519862 PMCID: PMC6778306 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic HIV-1 is associated with increased levels of FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells. FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells display an innate transcriptomic profile akin to NK cells. ADCC is mediated by FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells at levels comparable with NK cells.
HIV-1 infection expands large populations of late-stage differentiated CD8 T cells that may persist long after viral escape from TCR recognition. In this study, we investigated whether such CD8 T cell populations can perform unconventional innate-like antiviral effector functions. Chronic untreated HIV-1 infection was associated with elevated numbers of CD45RA+CD57+ terminal effector CD8 T cells expressing FcγRIIIA (CD16). The FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells displayed a distinctive transcriptional profile between conventional CD8 T cells and NK cells, characterized by high levels of IKZF2 and low expression of IL7R. This transcriptional profile translated into a distinct NKp80+ IL-7Rα− surface phenotype with high expression of the Helios transcription factor. Interestingly, the FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells mediated HIV-specific Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity at levels comparable with NK cells on a per cell basis. The FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells were highly activated in a manner that correlated positively with expansion of the CD8 T cell compartment and with plasma levels of soluble mediators of antiviral immunity and inflammation such as IP-10, TNF, IL-6, and TNFRII. The frequency of FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells persisted as patients initiated suppressive antiretroviral therapy, although their activation levels declined. These data indicate that terminally differentiated effector CD8 T cells acquire enhanced innate cell-like characteristics during chronic viral infection and suggest that HIV-specific ADCC is a function CD8 T cells use to target HIV-infected cells. Furthermore, as the FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells persist in treatment, they contribute significantly to the ADCC-capable effector cell pool in patients on antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prossy Naluyima
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerri G Lal
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Margaret C Costanzo
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Gustavo H Kijak
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Veronica D Gonzalez
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Blom
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leigh Anne Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Matthew Creegan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Ting Hong
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Dohoon Kim
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Thomas C Quinn
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852.,School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Serwadda
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Elly T Katabira
- Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nelson K Sewankambo
- Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ronald H Gray
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jared M Baeten
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195; and.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Nelson L Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | | | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Diane L Bolton
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael A Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910; .,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
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Mabuka JM, Dugast AS, Muema DM, Reddy T, Ramlakhan Y, Euler Z, Ismail N, Moodley A, Dong KL, Morris L, Walker BD, Alter G, Ndung’u T. Plasma CXCL13 but Not B Cell Frequencies in Acute HIV Infection Predicts Emergence of Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1104. [PMID: 28943879 PMCID: PMC5596076 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological events in acute HIV-1 infection before peak viremia (hyperacute phase) may contribute to the development of broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies. Here, we used pre-infection and acute-infection peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma samples from 22 women, including 10 who initiated antiretroviral treatment in Fiebig stages I-V of acute infection to study B cell subsets and B-cell associated cytokines (BAFF and CXCL13) kinetics for up to ~90 days post detection of plasma viremia. Frequencies of B cell subsets were defined by flow cytometry while plasma cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. We observed a rapid but transient increase in exhausted tissue-like memory, activated memory, and plasmablast B cells accompanied by decline in resting memory cells in untreated, but not treated women. B cell subset frequencies in untreated women positively correlated with viral loads but did not predict emergence of cross-neutralizing antibodies measured 12 months post detection of plasma viremia. Plasma BAFF and CXCL13 levels increased only in untreated women, but their levels did not correlate with viral loads. Importantly, early CXCL13 but not BAFF levels predicted the later emergence of detectable cross-neutralizing antibodies at 12 months post detection of plasma viremia. Thus, hyperacute HIV-1 infection is associated with B cell subset changes, which do not predict emergence of cross-neutralizing antibodies. However, plasma CXCL13 levels during hyperacute infection predicted the subsequent emergence of cross-neutralizing antibodies, providing a potential biomarker for the evaluation of vaccines designed to elicit cross-neutralizing activity or for natural infection studies to explore mechanisms underlying development of neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenniffer M. Mabuka
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Anne-Sophie Dugast
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Daniel M. Muema
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Tarylee Reddy
- Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - Yathisha Ramlakhan
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Zelda Euler
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Nasreen Ismail
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Amber Moodley
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Krista L. Dong
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bruce D. Walker
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
- Institute for Medical and Engineering Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Thumbi Ndung’u
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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