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Villeneuve DL, Blackwell BR, Blanksma CA, Cavallin JE, Cheng WY, Conolly RB, Conrow K, Feifarek DJ, Heinis LJ, Jensen KM, Kahl MD, Milsk RY, Poole ST, Randolph EC, Saari TW, Watanabe KH, Ankley GT. Case Study in 21st-Century Ecotoxicology: Using In Vitro Aromatase Inhibition Data to Predict Reproductive Outcomes in Fish In Vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:100-116. [PMID: 36282016 PMCID: PMC10782516 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the use of intact animals for chemical safety testing, while ensuring protection of ecosystems and human health, there is a demand for new approach methodologies (NAMs) that provide relevant scientific information at a quality equivalent to or better than traditional approaches. The present case study examined whether bioactivity and associated potency measured in an in vitro screening assay for aromatase inhibition could be used together with an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) and mechanistically based computational models to predict previously uncharacterized in vivo effects. Model simulations were used to inform designs of 60-h and 10-21-day in vivo exposures of adult fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to three or four test concentrations of the in vitro aromatase inhibitor imazalil ranging from 0.12 to 260 µg/L water. Consistent with an AOP linking aromatase inhibition to reproductive impairment in fish, exposure to the fungicide resulted in significant reductions in ex vivo production of 17β-estradiol (E2) by ovary tissue (≥165 µg imazalil/L), plasma E2 concentrations (≥74 µg imazalil/L), vitellogenin (Vtg) messenger RNA expression (≥165 µg imazalil/L), Vtg plasma concentrations (≥74 µg imazalil/L), uptake of Vtg into oocytes (≥260 µg imazalil/L), and overall reproductive output in terms of cumulative fecundity, number of spawning events, and eggs per spawning event (≥24 µg imazalil/L). Despite many potential sources of uncertainty in potency and efficacy estimates based on model simulations, observed magnitudes of apical effects were quite consistent with model predictions, and in vivo potency was within an order of magnitude of that predicted based on in vitro relative potency. Overall, our study suggests that NAMs and AOP-based approaches can support meaningful reduction and refinement of animal testing. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:100-116. © 2022 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Villeneuve
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Brett R. Blackwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | | | - Jenna E. Cavallin
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Wan-Yun Cheng
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rory B. Conolly
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kendra Conrow
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306-4908
| | - David J. Feifarek
- Student Services Contractor, US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Larry J. Heinis
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Jensen
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Michael D. Kahl
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Rebecca Y. Milsk
- ORISE Participant, US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Shane T. Poole
- Student Services Contractor, US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Eric C. Randolph
- ORISE Participant, US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Travis W. Saari
- Student Services Contractor, US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Karen H. Watanabe
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306-4908
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
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Bhagat J, Zang L, Nakayama H, Nishimura N, Shimada Y. Effects of nanoplastic on toxicity of azole fungicides (ketoconazole and fluconazole) in zebrafish embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149463. [PMID: 34399343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity of nanoplastics (NPs) raises concerns about their interactions and combined toxicity with other common contaminants. Although azoles are present throughout the natural environment, their interactions with NP are not well known. We investigated the effects of polystyrene (PS) NP on the toxicity of ketoconazole (KCZ) and fluconazole (FCZ) in zebrafish embryos using the developmental toxicity, oxidative-stress-related biochemical parameters, and expression of genes related to neurotoxicity (ache), cardiotoxicity (gata4, bmp4), inflammation (il1b), oxidative stress (sod1, sod2, cyp1a), and apoptosis (bax, bcl2). Co-exposure to NP (1 mg/L) and KCZ/FCZ (1 mg/L) for 96 h reduced the hatching rate, survival rate, and heart rate and increased the malformation rate and catalase activity. The bax/bcl2 ratio, an apoptosis indicator, was higher after NP, KCZ, or FCZ treatment. However, the bax/bcl2 ratio after exposure to NP + KCZ or NP + FCZ was much higher than that after single exposure. Overall, the results indicated that NP aggravated the toxicity of azole by significantly increasing the reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and altering the expression of oxidative-stress- and apoptosis-related genes. The interactive toxicity of PS NP with KCZ/FCZ reported in this study emphasises the need for caution in the release of azole fungicides in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Bhagat
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Liqing Zang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakayama
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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Bhagat J, Singh N, Nishimura N, Shimada Y. A comprehensive review on environmental toxicity of azole compounds to fish. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128335. [PMID: 33182121 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azoles are considered as one of the most efficient fungicides for the treatment of humans, animals, and plant fungal pathogens. They are of significant clinical importance as antifungal drugs and are widely used in personal care products, ultraviolet stabilizers, and in aircraft for its anti-corrosive properties. The prevalence of azole compounds in the natural environment and its accumulation in fish raises questions about its impact on aquatic organisms. OBJECTIVES The objective of this paper is to review the scientific studies on the effects of azole compounds in fish and to discuss future opportunities for the risk evaluation. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect to locate peer-reviewed scientific articles on occurrence, environmental fate, and toxicological impact of azole fungicides on fish. RESULTS Studies included in this review provide ample evidence that azole compounds are not only commonly detected in the natural environment but also cause several detrimental effects on fish. Future studies with environmentally relevant concentrations of azole alone or in combination with other commonly occurring contaminants in a multigenerational study could provide a better understanding. CONCLUSION Based on current knowledge and studies reporting adverse biological effects of azole on fish, considerable attention is required for better management and effective ecological risk assessment of these emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Bhagat
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Nisha Singh
- Environment Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, 741246, India.
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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Control performance of fish short term reproduction assays with fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 108:104424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Perkins EJ, Ashauer R, Burgoon L, Conolly R, Landesmann B, Mackay C, Murphy CA, Pollesch N, Wheeler JR, Zupanic A, Scholz S. Building and Applying Quantitative Adverse Outcome Pathway Models for Chemical Hazard and Risk Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1850-1865. [PMID: 31127958 PMCID: PMC6771761 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An important goal in toxicology is the development of new ways to increase the speed, accuracy, and applicability of chemical hazard and risk assessment approaches. A promising route is the integration of in vitro assays with biological pathway information. We examined how the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework can be used to develop pathway-based quantitative models useful for regulatory chemical safety assessment. By using AOPs as initial conceptual models and the AOP knowledge base as a source of data on key event relationships, different methods can be applied to develop computational quantitative AOP models (qAOPs) relevant for decision making. A qAOP model may not necessarily have the same structure as the AOP it is based on. Useful AOP modeling methods range from statistical, Bayesian networks, regression, and ordinary differential equations to individual-based models and should be chosen according to the questions being asked and the data available. We discuss the need for toxicokinetic models to provide linkages between exposure and qAOPs, to extrapolate from in vitro to in vivo, and to extrapolate across species. Finally, we identify best practices for modeling and model building and the necessity for transparent and comprehensive documentation to gain confidence in the use of qAOP models and ultimately their use in regulatory applications. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1850-1865. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Perkins
- US Army Engineer Research and Development CenterVicksburgMississippiUSA
| | - Roman Ashauer
- Environment DepartmentUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkUK
- ToxicodynamicsYorkUK
| | - Lyle Burgoon
- US Army Engineer Research and Development CenterVicksburgMississippiUSA
| | - Rory Conolly
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and DevelopmentUS Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Cameron Mackay
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, SharnbrookBedfordUK
| | - Cheryl A. Murphy
- Department of Fisheries and WildlifeMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Nathan Pollesch
- Mid‐Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Office of Research and DevelopmentUS Environmental Protection AgencyDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Anze Zupanic
- Department of Environmental ToxicologySwiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical EcotoxicologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research‐UFZLeipzigGermany
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Saini N, Bakshi S, Sharma S. In-silico approach for drug induced liver injury prediction: Recent advances. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:288-295. [PMID: 29981923 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is the prime cause of liver disfunction which may lead to mild non-specific symptoms to more severe signs like hepatitis, cholestasis, cirrhosis and jaundice. Not only the prescription medications, but the consumption of herbs and health supplements have also been reported to cause these adverse reactions resulting into high mortality rates and post marketing withdrawal of drugs. Due to the continuously increasing DILI incidences in recent years, robust prediction methods with high accuracy, specificity and sensitivity are of priority. Bioinformatics is the emerging field of science that has been used in the past few years to explore the mechanisms of DILI. The major emphasis of this review is the recent advances of in silico tools for the diagnostic and therapeutic interventions of DILI. These tools have been developed and widely used in the past few years for the prediction of pathways induced from both hepatotoxic as well as hepatoprotective Chinese drugs and for the identification of DILI specific biomarkers for prognostic purpose. In addition to this, advanced machine learning models have been developed for the classification of drugs into DILI causing and non-DILI causing. Moreover, development of 3 class models over 2 class offers better understanding of multi-class DILI risks and at the same time providing authentic prediction of toxicity during drug designing before clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Shikha Bakshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Sadhna Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Conolly RB, Ankley GT, Cheng W, Mayo ML, Miller DH, Perkins EJ, Villeneuve DL, Watanabe KH. Quantitative Adverse Outcome Pathways and Their Application to Predictive Toxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4661-4672. [PMID: 28355063 PMCID: PMC6134852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative adverse outcome pathway (qAOP) consists of one or more biologically based, computational models describing key event relationships linking a molecular initiating event (MIE) to an adverse outcome. A qAOP provides quantitative, dose-response, and time-course predictions that can support regulatory decision-making. Herein we describe several facets of qAOPs, including (a) motivation for development, (b) technical considerations, (c) evaluation of confidence, and (d) potential applications. The qAOP used as an illustrative example for these points describes the linkage between inhibition of cytochrome P450 19A aromatase (the MIE) and population-level decreases in the fathead minnow (FHM; Pimephales promelas). The qAOP consists of three linked computational models for the following: (a) the hypothalamic-pitutitary-gonadal axis in female FHMs, where aromatase inhibition decreases the conversion of testosterone to 17β-estradiol (E2), thereby reducing E2-dependent vitellogenin (VTG; egg yolk protein precursor) synthesis, (b) VTG-dependent egg development and spawning (fecundity), and (c) fecundity-dependent population trajectory. While development of the example qAOP was based on experiments with FHMs exposed to the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole, we also show how a toxic equivalence (TEQ) calculation allows use of the qAOP to predict effects of another, untested aromatase inhibitor, iprodione. While qAOP development can be resource-intensive, the quantitative predictions obtained, and TEQ-based application to multiple chemicals, may be sufficient to justify the cost for some applications in regulatory decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory B. Conolly
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
- Corresponding Author: Rory Conolly, U.S. EPA ORD/NHEERL/ISTD, MD B105-03, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, +1 919-541-3350,
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - WanYun Cheng
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Michael L. Mayo
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - David H. Miller
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Grosse Isle, MI 48138, USA
| | - Edward J. Perkins
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Karen H. Watanabe
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, West Campus, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA
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Marty MS, Blankinship A, Chambers J, Constantine L, Kloas W, Kumar A, Lagadic L, Meador J, Pickford D, Schwarz T, Verslycke T. Population-relevant endpoints in the evaluation of endocrine-active substances (EAS) for ecotoxicological hazard and risk assessment. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2017; 13:317-330. [PMID: 28052490 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For ecotoxicological risk assessment, endocrine disruptors require the establishment of an endocrine mode of action (MoA) with a plausible link to a population-relevant adverse effect. Current ecotoxicity test methods incorporate mostly apical endpoints although some also include mechanistic endpoints, subcellular-through-organ level, which can help establish an endocrine MoA. However, the link between these endpoints and adverse population-level effects is often unclear. The case studies of endocrine-active substances (EAS) (tributyltin, ethinylestradiol, perchlorate, trenbolone, propiconazole, and vinclozolin) evaluated from the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Pellston Workshop® "Ecotoxicological Hazard and Risk Assessment Approaches for Endocrine-Active Substances (EHRA)" were used to evaluate the population relevance of toxicity endpoints in various taxa according to regulatory endocrine-disruptor frameworks such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Conceptual Framework for Testing and Assessment of Endocrine Disruptors. A wide variety of potentially endocrine-relevant endpoints were identified for mollusks, fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals, although the strength of the relationship between test endpoints and population-level effects was often uncertain. Furthermore, testing alone is insufficient for assessing potential adaptation and recovery processes in exposed populations. For this purpose, models that link effects observed in laboratory tests to the dynamics of wildlife populations appear to be necessary, and their development requires reliable and robust data. As our understanding of endocrine perturbations and key event relationships improves, adverse population-level effects will be more easily and accurately predicted. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:317-330. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janice Chambers
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Werner Kloas
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | - James Meador
- NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Tamar Schwarz
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom
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Matthiessen P, Ankley GT, Biever RC, Bjerregaard P, Borgert C, Brugger K, Blankinship A, Chambers J, Coady KK, Constantine L, Dang Z, Denslow ND, Dreier DA, Dungey S, Gray LE, Gross M, Guiney PD, Hecker M, Holbech H, Iguchi T, Kadlec S, Karouna-Renier NK, Katsiadaki I, Kawashima Y, Kloas W, Krueger H, Kumar A, Lagadic L, Leopold A, Levine SL, Maack G, Marty S, Meado J, Mihaich E, Odum J, Ortego L, Parrott J, Pickford D, Roberts M, Schaefers C, Schwarz T, Solomon K, Verslycke T, Weltje L, Wheeler JR, Williams M, Wolf JC, Yamazaki K. Recommended approaches to the scientific evaluation of ecotoxicological hazards and risks of endocrine-active substances. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2017; 13:267-279. [PMID: 28127947 PMCID: PMC6069525 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A SETAC Pellston Workshop® "Environmental Hazard and Risk Assessment Approaches for Endocrine-Active Substances (EHRA)" was held in February 2016 in Pensacola, Florida, USA. The primary objective of the workshop was to provide advice, based on current scientific understanding, to regulators and policy makers; the aim being to make considered, informed decisions on whether to select an ecotoxicological hazard- or a risk-based approach for regulating a given endocrine-disrupting substance (EDS) under review. The workshop additionally considered recent developments in the identification of EDS. Case studies were undertaken on 6 endocrine-active substances (EAS-not necessarily proven EDS, but substances known to interact directly with the endocrine system) that are representative of a range of perturbations of the endocrine system and considered to be data rich in relevant information at multiple biological levels of organization for 1 or more ecologically relevant taxa. The substances selected were 17α-ethinylestradiol, perchlorate, propiconazole, 17β-trenbolone, tributyltin, and vinclozolin. The 6 case studies were not comprehensive safety evaluations but provided foundations for clarifying key issues and procedures that should be considered when assessing the ecotoxicological hazards and risks of EAS and EDS. The workshop also highlighted areas of scientific uncertainty, and made specific recommendations for research and methods-development to resolve some of the identified issues. The present paper provides broad guidance for scientists in regulatory authorities, industry, and academia on issues likely to arise during the ecotoxicological hazard and risk assessment of EAS and EDS. The primary conclusion of this paper, and of the SETAC Pellston Workshop on which it is based, is that if data on environmental exposure, effects on sensitive species and life-stages, delayed effects, and effects at low concentrations are robust, initiating environmental risk assessment of EDS is scientifically sound and sufficiently reliable and protective of the environment. In the absence of such data, assessment on the basis of hazard is scientifically justified until such time as relevant new information is available. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:267-279. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Matthiessen
- independent Consultant, Dolfan Barn, Beulah, Llanwrtyd Wells, Powys, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Poul Bjerregaard
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Christopher Borgert
- Applied Pharmacology and Toxicology, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Dept Physiol Sciences, CEHT, Univ of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kristin Brugger
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Amy Blankinship
- Office of Pesticide Programs, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
| | - Janice Chambers
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Katherine K Coady
- The Dow Chemical Company, Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, Midland, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Nancy D Denslow
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - David A Dreier
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Steve Dungey
- Environment Agency, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - L Earl Gray
- US Environmental Agency, Reproductive Toxicology Branch, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Patrick D Guiney
- Molecular & Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre and School of the Environment & Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Henrik Holbech
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Sarah Kadlec
- University of Minnesota, Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | | | - Werner Kloas
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Anu Kumar
- CSIRO, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Laurent Lagadic
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Environmental Safety, Ecotoxicology, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Steven L Levine
- Global Regulatory Sciences, Monsanto Company, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gerd Maack
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Sue Marty
- Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, USA
| | - James Meado
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Fish Health Program, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ellen Mihaich
- Environmental and Regulatory Resources, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jenny Odum
- Regulatory Science Associates, Binley Business Park, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Ortego
- Bayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joanne Parrott
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Pickford
- Syngenta, Jealotts Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Roberts
- Independent Consultant, Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tamar Schwarz
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey C Wolf
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Sterling, Virginia, USA
| | - Kunihiko Yamazaki
- Department of Environmental Health, Ministry of the Environment, Tokyo, Japan
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Wittwehr C, Aladjov H, Ankley G, Byrne HJ, de Knecht J, Heinzle E, Klambauer G, Landesmann B, Luijten M, MacKay C, Maxwell G, Meek MEB, Paini A, Perkins E, Sobanski T, Villeneuve D, Waters KM, Whelan M. How Adverse Outcome Pathways Can Aid the Development and Use of Computational Prediction Models for Regulatory Toxicology. Toxicol Sci 2017; 155:326-336. [PMID: 27994170 PMCID: PMC5340205 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts are underway to transform regulatory toxicology and chemical safety assessment from a largely empirical science based on direct observation of apical toxicity outcomes in whole organism toxicity tests to a predictive one in which outcomes and risk are inferred from accumulated mechanistic understanding. The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework provides a systematic approach for organizing knowledge that may support such inference. Likewise, computational models of biological systems at various scales provide another means and platform to integrate current biological understanding to facilitate inference and extrapolation. We argue that the systematic organization of knowledge into AOP frameworks can inform and help direct the design and development of computational prediction models that can further enhance the utility of mechanistic and in silico data for chemical safety assessment. This concept was explored as part of a workshop on AOP-Informed Predictive Modeling Approaches for Regulatory Toxicology held September 24-25, 2015. Examples of AOP-informed model development and its application to the assessment of chemicals for skin sensitization and multiple modes of endocrine disruption are provided. The role of problem formulation, not only as a critical phase of risk assessment, but also as guide for both AOP and complementary model development is described. Finally, a proposal for actively engaging the modeling community in AOP-informed computational model development is made. The contents serve as a vision for how AOPs can be leveraged to facilitate development of computational prediction models needed to support the next generation of chemical safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerald Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804
| | | | - Joop de Knecht
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, MA 3721, The Netherlands
| | - Elmar Heinzle
- Universität des Saarlandes, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Mirjam Luijten
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, MA 3721, The Netherlands
| | - Cameron MacKay
- Unilever Safety and Environmenta Assurance Centre, Sharnbrook, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Gavin Maxwell
- Unilever Safety and Environmenta Assurance Centre, Sharnbrook, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | | | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra 21027, Italy
| | - Edward Perkins
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180
| | | | - Dan Villeneuve
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804
| | - Katrina M Waters
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Maurice Whelan
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra 21027, Italy
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11
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Cheng WY, Zhang Q, Schroeder A, Villeneuve DL, Ankley GT, Conolly R. Editor's Highlight: Computational Modeling of Plasma Vitellogenin Alterations in Response to Aromatase Inhibition in Fathead Minnows. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154:78-89. [PMID: 27503384 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, conversion of testosterone into 17β-estradiol (E2) is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 19A aromatase. An important role of E2 in oviparous vertebrates such as fish is stimulation of hepatic synthesis of the glycolipoprotein vitellogenin (VTG), an egg yolk precursor essential to oocyte development and larval survival. In fathead minnows (FHMs) (Pimephales promelas) exposed to the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole, plasma VTG levels do not change in concert with plasma E2 levels. Specifically, while plasma VTG and E2 levels both drop quickly when aromatase is first inhibited, the recovery of plasma VTG upon cessation of aromatase inhibition is substantially delayed relative to the recovery of plasma E2. We modified an existing computational model of the FHM hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis to evaluate alternative hypotheses that might explain this delay. In the first hypothesis, a feedback loop involving active transport of VTG from the blood into the ovary is used. The activity of the transporter is negatively regulated by ovarian VTG. In the second hypothesis, a type 1 coherent feed-forward loop is implemented in the liver. This loop has 2 arms, both requiring E2 activation. The first arm describes direct, canonical E2-driven transcriptional induction of VTG, and the second describes an E2-driven intermediate transcriptional regulator that is also required for VTG synthesis. Both hypotheses accurately described the observed VTG dynamics. This result could be used to guide design of laboratory experiments intended to determine if either of the motifs, or perhaps even both of them, actually do control VTG dynamics in FHMs exposed to aromatase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yun Cheng
- *Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; Tennessee.,Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Georgia
| | - Anthony Schroeder
- Math, Science & Technology Department, University of Minnesota Crookston, Minnesota
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Minnesota
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Minnesota
| | - Rory Conolly
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina;
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