1
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Wilson ZN, West M, English AM, Odorizzi G, Hughes AL. Mitochondrial-derived compartments are multilamellar domains that encase membrane cargo and cytosol. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202307035. [PMID: 39136939 PMCID: PMC11320809 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202307035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Preserving the health of the mitochondrial network is critical to cell viability and longevity. To do so, mitochondria employ several membrane remodeling mechanisms, including the formation of mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) and compartments (MDCs) to selectively remove portions of the organelle. In contrast to well-characterized MDVs, the distinguishing features of MDC formation and composition remain unclear. Here, we used electron tomography to observe that MDCs form as large, multilamellar domains that generate concentric spherical compartments emerging from mitochondrial tubules at ER-mitochondria contact sites. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy of MDC biogenesis revealed that mitochondrial membrane extensions repeatedly elongate, coalesce, and invaginate to form these compartments that encase multiple layers of membrane. As such, MDCs strongly sequester portions of the outer mitochondrial membrane, securing membrane cargo into a protected domain, while also enclosing cytosolic material within the MDC lumen. Collectively, our results provide a model for MDC formation and describe key features that distinguish MDCs from other previously identified mitochondrial structures and cargo-sorting domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary N Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Matt West
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Alyssa M English
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Greg Odorizzi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Adam L Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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2
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Otegui MS, Steelheart C, Ma W, Ma J, Kang BH, De Medina Hernandez VS, Dagdas Y, Gao C, Goto-Yamada S, Oikawa K, Nishimura M. Vacuolar degradation of plant organelles. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3036-3056. [PMID: 38657116 PMCID: PMC11371181 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Plants continuously remodel and degrade their organelles due to damage from their metabolic activities and environmental stressors, as well as an integral part of their cell differentiation programs. Whereas certain organelles use local hydrolytic enzymes for limited remodeling, most of the pathways that control the partial or complete dismantling of organelles rely on vacuolar degradation. Specifically, selective autophagic pathways play a crucial role in recognizing and sorting plant organelle cargo for vacuolar clearance, especially under cellular stress conditions induced by factors like heat, drought, and damaging light. In these short reviews, we discuss the mechanisms that control the vacuolar degradation of chloroplasts, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and peroxisomes, with an emphasis on autophagy, recently discovered selective autophagy receptors for plant organelles, and crosstalk with other catabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Charlotte Steelheart
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wenlong Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juncai Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shino Goto-Yamada
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-348, Poland
| | - Kazusato Oikawa
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Mikio Nishimura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
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3
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König T, McBride HM. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles in metabolism, disease, and aging. Cell Metab 2024; 36:21-35. [PMID: 38171335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central hubs of cellular metabolism and are tightly connected to signaling pathways. The dynamic plasticity of mitochondria to fuse, divide, and contact other organelles to flux metabolites is central to their function. To ensure bona fide functionality and signaling interconnectivity, diverse molecular mechanisms evolved. An ancient and long-overlooked mechanism is the generation of mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) that shuttle selected mitochondrial cargoes to target organelles. Just recently, we gained significant insight into the mechanisms and functions of MDV transport, ranging from their role in mitochondrial quality control to immune signaling, thus demonstrating unexpected and diverse physiological aspects of MDV transport. This review highlights the origin of MDVs, their biogenesis, and their cargo selection, with a specific focus on the contribution of MDV transport to signaling across cell and organ barriers. Additionally, the implications of MDVs in peroxisome biogenesis, neurodegeneration, metabolism, aging, and cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim König
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heidi M McBride
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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4
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Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Landi F, Bucci C, Marzetti E. Mitochondrial-Derived Vesicles: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13835. [PMID: 37762138 PMCID: PMC10531235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial quality. However, its assessment in vivo is challenging. The endosomal-lysosomal system is a more accessible pathway through which subtypes of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which also contain mitochondrial constituents, are released for disposal. The inclusion of mitochondrial components into EVs occurs in the setting of mild mitochondrial damage and during impairment of lysosomal function. By releasing mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs), cells limit the unload of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns with proinflammatory activity. Both positive and negative effects of EVs on recipient cells have been described. Whether this is due to the production of EVs other than those containing mitochondria, such as MDVs, holding specific biological functions is currently unknown. Evidence on the existence of different MDV subtypes has been produced. However, their characterization is not always pursued, which would be relevant to exploring the dynamics of mitochondrial quality control in health and disease. Furthermore, MDV classification may be instrumental in understanding their biological roles and promoting their implementation as biomarkers in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70010 Casamassima, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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5
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Wilson ZN, West M, English AM, Odorizzi G, Hughes AL. Mitochondrial-Derived Compartments are Multilamellar Domains that Encase Membrane Cargo and Cytosol. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.07.548169. [PMID: 37461645 PMCID: PMC10350034 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.07.548169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Preserving the health of the mitochondrial network is critical to cell viability and longevity. To do so, mitochondria employ several membrane remodeling mechanisms, including the formation of mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) and compartments (MDCs) to selectively remove portions of the organelle. In contrast to well-characterized MDVs, the distinguishing features of MDC formation and composition remain unclear. Here we used electron tomography to observe that MDCs form as large, multilamellar domains that generate concentric spherical compartments emerging from mitochondrial tubules at ER-mitochondria contact sites. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy of MDC biogenesis revealed that mitochondrial membrane extensions repeatedly elongate, coalesce, and invaginate to form these compartments that encase multiple layers of membrane. As such, MDCs strongly sequester portions of the outer mitochondrial membrane, securing membrane cargo into a protected domain, while also enclosing cytosolic material within the MDC lumen. Collectively, our results provide a model for MDC formation and describe key features that distinguish MDCs from other previously identified mitochondrial structures and cargo-sorting domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary N. Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Matt West
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Alyssa M. English
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Greg Odorizzi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Adam L. Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Lead contact
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6
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Carmichael RE, Richards DM, Fahimi HD, Schrader M. Organelle Membrane Extensions in Mammalian Cells. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050664. [PMID: 37237478 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Organelles within eukaryotic cells are not isolated static compartments, instead being morphologically diverse and highly dynamic in order to respond to cellular needs and carry out their diverse and cooperative functions. One phenomenon exemplifying this plasticity, and increasingly gaining attention, is the extension and retraction of thin tubules from organelle membranes. While these protrusions have been observed in morphological studies for decades, their formation, properties and functions are only beginning to be understood. In this review, we provide an overview of what is known and still to be discovered about organelle membrane protrusions in mammalian cells, focusing on the best-characterised examples of these membrane extensions arising from peroxisomes (ubiquitous organelles involved in lipid metabolism and reactive oxygen species homeostasis) and mitochondria. We summarise the current knowledge on the diversity of peroxisomal/mitochondrial membrane extensions, as well as the molecular mechanisms by which they extend and retract, necessitating dynamic membrane remodelling, pulling forces and lipid flow. We also propose broad cellular functions for these membrane extensions in inter-organelle communication, organelle biogenesis, metabolism and protection, and finally present a mathematical model that suggests that extending protrusions is the most efficient way for an organelle to explore its surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Carmichael
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - David M Richards
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
| | - H Dariush Fahimi
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schrader
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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7
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Heyn J, Heuschkel MA, Goettsch C. Mitochondrial-Derived Vesicles-Link to Extracellular Vesicles and Implications in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032637. [PMID: 36768960 PMCID: PMC9917113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles regulating metabolism, cell death, and energy production. Therefore, maintaining mitochondrial health is critical for cellular homeostasis. Mitophagy and mitochondrial reorganization via fission and fusion are established mechanisms for ensuring mitochondrial quality. In recent years, mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) have emerged as a novel cellular response. MDVs are shed from the mitochondrial surface and can be directed to lysosomes or peroxisomes for intracellular degradation. MDVs may contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, evidence suggests that mitochondrial content is present in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Herein, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on MDV formation and trafficking. Moreover, we review recent findings linking MDV and EV biogenesis and discuss their role in CVD. Finally, we discuss the role of vesicle-mediated mitochondrial transfer and its potential cardioprotective effects.
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8
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Peng T, Xie Y, Sheng H, Wang C, Lian Y, Xie N. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles: Gatekeepers of mitochondrial response to oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:185-193. [PMID: 35750270 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanisms are a series of adaptive responses that ensure the relative stability of mitochondrial morphology, quantity, and quality to preserve cellular survival and function. While MQC mechanisms range from mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion/fission to mitophagy, mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) may represent an essential component of MQC. MDVs precede mitochondrial autophagy and serve as the first line of defense against oxidative stress by selectively transferring damaged mitochondrial substances to the lysosome for degradation. In fact, the function of MDVs is dependent on the cargo, the shuttle route, and the ultimate destination. Abnormal MDVs disrupt metabolite clearance and the immune response, predisposing to pathological conditions, including neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Therefore, MDV regulation may be a potential therapeutic for the therapy of these diseases. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the study of MDVs and their misregulation in various diseases from the perspectives of formation, cargo selection, regulation, and transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, PR China; Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yinyin Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, PR China; Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Hanqing Sheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, PR China; Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yajun Lian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Nanchang Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, PR China.
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9
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Proteolytic regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation components in plants. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1119-1132. [PMID: 35587610 PMCID: PMC9246333 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function relies on the homeostasis and quality control of their proteome, including components of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway that generates energy in form of ATP. OXPHOS subunits are under constant exposure to reactive oxygen species due to their oxidation-reduction activities, which consequently make them prone to oxidative damage, misfolding, and aggregation. As a result, quality control mechanisms through turnover and degradation are required for maintaining mitochondrial activity. Degradation of OXPHOS subunits can be achieved through proteomic turnover or modular degradation. In this review, we present multiple protein degradation pathways in plant mitochondria. Specifically, we focus on the intricate turnover of OXPHOS subunits, prior to protein import via cytosolic proteasomal degradation and post import and assembly via intra-mitochondrial proteolysis involving multiple AAA+ proteases. Together, these proteolytic pathways maintain the activity and homeostasis of OXPHOS components.
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10
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Fukushima S, Akita K, Takagi T, Kobayashi K, Moritoki N, Sugaya H, Arimura SI, Kuroiwa H, Kuroiwa T, Nagata N. Existence of giant mitochondria-containing sheet structures lacking cristae and matrix in the etiolated cotyledon of Arabidopsis thaliana. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:731-742. [PMID: 34417661 PMCID: PMC9010340 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles involved in the production and supply of energy in eukaryotic cells. Recently, the use of serial section scanning electron microscopy (S3EM) has allowed accurate three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed images of even complex organelle structures. Using this method, ultrathin sections of etiolated cotyledons were observed 4 days after germination of Arabidopsis thaliana in the dark, and giant mitochondria were found. To exclude the possibility of chemical fixation artifacts, this study confirmed the presence of giant mitochondria in high-pressure frozen samples. The 3D reconstructed giant mitochondria had a complex structure that included not only the elongated region but also the flattened shape of a disk. It contained the characteristic sheet structure, and the sheet lacked cristae and matrix but consisted of outer and inner membranes. Whether this phenomenon could be observed in living cells was investigated using the transformant with mitochondrial matrix expressing green fluorescent protein. Small globular mitochondria observed in light-treated samples were also represented in etiolated cotyledons. Although no giant mitochondria were observed in light-treated samples, they were found in the dark 3 days after germination and rapidly increased in number on the fourth day. Therefore, giant mitochondria were observed only in dark samples. These findings were supported by electron microscopy results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Fukushima
- Division of Material and Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kae Akita
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takagi
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Kobayashi
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuko Moritoki
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Sugaya
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Arimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruko Kuroiwa
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nagata
- Division of Material and Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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11
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Singh A, Verma S, Modak SB, Chaturvedi MM, Purohit JS. Extra-nuclear histones: origin, significance and perspectives. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:507-524. [PMID: 34796445 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Histones are classically known to organize the eukaryotic DNA into chromatin. They are one of the key players in regulating transcriptionally permissive and non-permissive states of the chromatin. Nevertheless, their context-dependent appearance within the cytoplasm and systemic circulation has also been observed. The past decade has also witnessed few scientific communications on the existence of vesicle-associated histones. Diverse groups have attempted to determine the significance of these extra-nuclear histones so far, with many of those studies still underway. Of note amongst these are interactions of extra-nuclear or free histones with cellular membranes, mediated by mutual cationic and anionic natures, respectively. It is here aimed to consolidate the mechanism of formation of extra-nuclear histones; implications of histone-induced membrane destabilization and explore the mechanisms of their association/release with extracellular vesicles, along with the functional aspects of these extra-nuclear histones in cell and systemic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sudhir Verma
- Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110078, India
| | | | | | - Jogeswar S Purohit
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Molecular and Systems Biology Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, North Campus, DREAM Building, Delhi, 110007, India.
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12
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Kang BH, Anderson CT, Arimura SI, Bayer E, Bezanilla M, Botella MA, Brandizzi F, Burch-Smith TM, Chapman KD, Dünser K, Gu Y, Jaillais Y, Kirchhoff H, Otegui MS, Rosado A, Tang Y, Kleine-Vehn J, Wang P, Zolman BK. A glossary of plant cell structures: Current insights and future questions. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:10-52. [PMID: 34633455 PMCID: PMC8846186 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this glossary of plant cell structures, we asked experts to summarize a present-day view of plant organelles and structures, including a discussion of outstanding questions. In the following short reviews, the authors discuss the complexities of the plant cell endomembrane system, exciting connections between organelles, novel insights into peroxisome structure and function, dynamics of mitochondria, and the mysteries that need to be unlocked from the plant cell wall. These discussions are focused through a lens of new microscopy techniques. Advanced imaging has uncovered unexpected shapes, dynamics, and intricate membrane formations. With a continued focus in the next decade, these imaging modalities coupled with functional studies are sure to begin to unravel mysteries of the plant cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology and Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Shin-ichi Arimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emmanuelle Bayer
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, Villenave d'Ornon F-33140, France
| | - Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Miguel A Botella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortifruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora,” Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Tessa M Burch-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - Kai Dünser
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP) University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Abel Rosado
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP) University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bethany Karlin Zolman
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
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13
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König T, Nolte H, Aaltonen MJ, Tatsuta T, Krols M, Stroh T, Langer T, McBride HM. MIROs and DRP1 drive mitochondrial-derived vesicle biogenesis and promote quality control. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:1271-1286. [PMID: 34873283 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) are implicated in diverse physiological processes-for example, mitochondrial quality control-and are linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. However, their specific cargo composition and complex molecular biogenesis are still unknown. Here we report the proteome and lipidome of steady-state TOMM20+ MDVs. We identified 107 high-confidence MDV cargoes, which include all β-barrel proteins and the TOM import complex. MDV cargoes are delivered as fully assembled complexes to lysosomes, thus representing a selective mitochondrial quality control mechanism for multi-subunit complexes, including the TOM machinery. Moreover, we define key biogenesis steps of phosphatidic acid-enriched MDVs starting with the MIRO1/2-dependent formation of thin membrane protrusions pulled along microtubule filaments, followed by MID49/MID51/MFF-dependent recruitment of the dynamin family GTPase DRP1 and finally DRP1-dependent scission. In summary, we define the function of MDVs in mitochondrial quality control and present a mechanistic model for global GTPase-driven MDV biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim König
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mari J Aaltonen
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Takashi Tatsuta
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michiel Krols
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas Stroh
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heidi M McBride
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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14
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Welchen E, Gonzalez DH. Breaking boundaries: exploring short- and long-distance mitochondrial signalling in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:494-501. [PMID: 34255867 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Communication of mitochondria with other cell compartments is essential for the coordination of cellular functions. Mitochondria send retrograde signals through metabolites, redox changes, direct organelle contacts and protein trafficking. Accumulating evidence indicates that, in animal systems, changes in mitochondrial function also trigger responses in other, either neighbouring or distantly located, cells. Although not clearly established, there are indications that this type of communication may also be operative in plants. Grafting experiments suggested that the translocation of entire mitochondria or submitochondrial vesicles between neighbouring cells is possible in plants, as already documented in animals. Changes in mitochondrial function also regulate cell-to-cell communication via plasmodesmata and may be transmitted over long distances through plant hormones acting as mitokines to relay mitochondrial signals to distant tissues. Long-distance movement of transcripts encoding mitochondrial proteins involved in crucial aspects of metabolism and retrograde signalling was also described. Finally, changes in mitochondrial reactive species (ROS) production may affect the 'ROS wave' that triggers systemic acquired acclimation throughout the plant. In this review, we summarise available evidence suggesting that mitochondria establish sophisticated communications not only within the cell but also with neighbouring cells and distant tissues to coordinate plant growth and stress responses in a cell nonautonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Welchen
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
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15
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Mathur J. Organelle extensions in plant cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:593-607. [PMID: 33793902 PMCID: PMC8133556 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The life strategy of plants includes their ability to respond quickly at the cellular level to changes in their environment. The use of targeted fluorescent protein probes and imaging of living cells has revealed several rapidly induced organelle responses that create the efficient sub-cellular machinery for maintaining homeostasis in the plant cell. Several organelles, including plastids, mitochondria, and peroxisomes, extend and retract thin tubules that have been named stromules, matrixules, and peroxules, respectively. Here, I combine all these thin tubular forms under the common head of organelle extensions. All extensions change shape continuously and in their elongated form considerably increase organelle outreach into the surrounding cytoplasm. Their pleomorphy reflects their interactions with the dynamic endoplasmic reticulum and cytoskeletal elements. Here, using foundational images and time-lapse movies, and providing salient information on some molecular and biochemically characterized mutants with increased organelle extensions, I draw attention to their common role in maintaining homeostasis in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Mathur
- Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1 Canada
- Author for communication:
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16
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Oikawa K, Imai T, Thagun C, Toyooka K, Yoshizumi T, Ishikawa K, Kodama Y, Numata K. Mitochondrial movement during its association with chloroplasts in Arabidopsis thaliana. Commun Biol 2021; 4:292. [PMID: 33674706 PMCID: PMC7935954 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant mitochondria move dynamically inside cells and this movement is classified into two types: directional movement, in which mitochondria travel long distances, and wiggling, in which mitochondria travel short distances. However, the underlying mechanisms and roles of both types of mitochondrial movement, especially wiggling, remain to be determined. Here, we used confocal laser-scanning microscopy to quantitatively characterize mitochondrial movement (rate and trajectory) in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll cells. Directional movement leading to long-distance migration occurred at high speed with a low angle-change rate, whereas wiggling leading to short-distance migration occurred at low speed with a high angle-change rate. The mean square displacement (MSD) analysis could separate these two movements. Directional movement was dependent on filamentous actin (F-actin), whereas mitochondrial wiggling was not, but slightly influenced by F-actin. In mesophyll cells, mitochondria could migrate by wiggling, and most of these mitochondria associated with chloroplasts. Thus, mitochondria migrate via F-actin-independent wiggling under the influence of F-actin during their association with chloroplasts in Arabidopsis. Oikawa et al. investigate the rate and trajectory of mitochondria in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll cells, using confocal laser-scanning microscopy. They find that mitochondria migrate via wiggling during their association with chloroplasts, providing insights into how mitochondria-chloroplast interaction affects the movement of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazusato Oikawa
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuto Imai
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chonprakun Thagun
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshizumi
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ishikawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, Japan. .,Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan.
| | - Keiji Numata
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. .,Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, Japan.
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17
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Yao PJ, Eren E, Petralia RS, Gu JW, Wang YX, Kapogiannis D. Mitochondrial Protrusions in Neuronal Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101514. [PMID: 32942173 PMCID: PMC7501463 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function relies on multiple quality control mechanisms, including the release of mitochondrial vesicles. To investigate the ultrastructure and prevalence of mitochondrial membranous protrusions (and, by extension, vesicles) in neurons, we surveyed mitochondria in rat and planarian brains using transmission electron microscopy (EM). We observed that mitochondrial protrusions mostly extend from the outer membrane. Leveraging available 3D EM datasets of the brain, we further analyzed mitochondrial protrusions in neurons of mouse and Drosophila brains, identifying high-resolution spatial views of these protrusions. To assess whether the abundance of mitochondrial protrusions and mitochondria-derived vesicles respond to cellular stress, we examined neurons expressing fluorescently tagged mitochondrial markers using confocal microscopy with Airyscan and found increased numbers of mitochondrial protrusions and vesicles with mild stress. Future studies using improved spatial resolution with added temporal information may further define the functional implications of mitochondrial protrusions and vesicles in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J. Yao
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA/NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Erden Eren
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA/NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey W. Gu
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA/NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Advanced Imaging Core, NIDCD/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA/NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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18
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DeBlasio SL, Xu Y, Johnson RS, Rebelo AR, MacCoss MJ, Gray SM, Heck M. The Interaction Dynamics of Two Potato Leafroll Virus Movement Proteins Affects Their Localization to the Outer Membranes of Mitochondria and Plastids. Viruses 2018; 10:E585. [PMID: 30373157 PMCID: PMC6265731 DOI: 10.3390/v10110585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Luteoviridae is an agriculturally important family of viruses whose replication and transport are restricted to plant phloem. Their genomes encode for four proteins that regulate viral movement. These include two structural proteins that make up the capsid and two non-structural proteins known as P3a and P17. Little is known about how these proteins interact with each other and the host to coordinate virus movement within and between cells. We used quantitative, affinity purification-mass spectrometry to show that the P3a protein of Potato leafroll virus complexes with virus and that this interaction is partially dependent on P17. Bimolecular complementation assays (BiFC) were used to validate that P3a and P17 self-interact as well as directly interact with each other. Co-localization with fluorescent-based organelle markers demonstrates that P3a directs P17 to the mitochondrial outer membrane while P17 regulates the localization of the P3a-P17 heterodimer to plastids. Residues in the C-terminus of P3a were shown to regulate P3a association with host mitochondria by using mutational analysis and also varying BiFC tag orientation. Collectively, our work reveals that the PLRV movement proteins play a game of intracellular hopscotch along host organelles to transport the virus to the cell periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L DeBlasio
- United States Department of Agriculture, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Yi Xu
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Richard S Johnson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109, USA.
| | - Ana Rita Rebelo
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109, USA.
| | - Stewart M Gray
- United States Department of Agriculture, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Michelle Heck
- United States Department of Agriculture, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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19
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Pocsfalvi G, Turiák L, Ambrosone A, Del Gaudio P, Puska G, Fiume I, Silvestre T, Vékey K. Protein biocargo of citrus fruit-derived vesicles reveals heterogeneous transport and extracellular vesicle populations. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 229:111-121. [PMID: 30056374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-derived vesicles are membrane-enclosed organelles that transport material inside and outside the cell. Plant-derived vesicles are receiving more and more attention due to their potential as nanovectors for the delivery of biologically active substances. Here, we studied the heterogeneity and protein biocargo in citrus fruit juice sac cell-derived vesicles populations. Micro- and nano-sized vesicle fractions were isolated from four citrus species, C. sinensis, C. limon, C. paradisi and C. aurantium, characterized using physicochemical methods and protein cargos were compared using label-free quantitative shotgun proteomics. In each sample approximately 600-800 proteins were identified. Orthologues of most of the top-ranking proteins have previously been reported in extracellular vesicles of mammalian origin. High expression levels of patellin-3-like, clathrin heavy chain, heat shock proteins, 14-3-3 protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 6 were measured in all samples while aquaporin was highly expressed only in the nanovesicle fractions. Bioinformatics revealed more than hundred protein orthologues potentially implicated in vesicular trafficking. In particular, the presence of CCV, COPI and COPII coat proteins indicates the presence of heterogeneous populations of intracellular transport vesicles. Moreover, a high number of different enzymes including hydrolases and oxidoreductases are ubiquities in citrus fruit sac cell-derived vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Pocsfalvi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Italy.
| | - Lilla Turiák
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
| | | | | | - Gina Puska
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Immacolata Fiume
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Italy
| | - Teresa Silvestre
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Italy
| | - Károly Vékey
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
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20
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21
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Abstract
A large amount of ultrastructural, biochemical and molecular analysis indicates that peroxisomes and mitochondria not only share the same subcellular space but also maintain considerable overlap in their proteins, responses and functions. Recent approaches using imaging of fluorescent proteins targeted to both organelles in living plant cells are beginning to show the dynamic nature of their interactivity. Based on the observations of living cells, mitochondria respond rapidly to stress by undergoing fission. Mitochondrial fission is suggested to release key membrane-interacting members of the FISSION1 and DYNAMIN RELATED PROTEIN3 families and appears to be followed by the formation of thin peroxisomal extensions called peroxules. In a model we present the peroxules as an intermediate state prior to the formation of tubular peroxisomes, which, in turn are acted upon by the constriction-related proteins released by mitochondria and undergo rapid constriction and fission to increase the number of peroxisomes in a cell. The fluorescent protein aided imaging of peroxisome-mitochondria interaction provides visual evidence for their cooperation in maintenance of cellular homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Mathur
- Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada.
| | - Aymen Shaikh
- Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Neeta Mathur
- Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
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22
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Arimura SI. Fission and Fusion of Plant Mitochondria, and Genome Maintenance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:152-161. [PMID: 29138352 PMCID: PMC5761811 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic changes maintain a multipartite mitochondrial genome meets the changing needs of plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Arimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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23
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Schwarzländer M, Fuchs P. Plant mitochondrial membranes: adding structure and new functions to respiratory physiology. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 40:147-157. [PMID: 28992511 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The membranes of mitochondria are focal points of cellular physiology and respiratory energy transformation. Recent discoveries have started painting a refined picture of plant mitochondrial membranes as platforms in which structure and function have evolved in an interconnected and dynamically regulated manner. Hosting ancillary functions that interact with other mitochondrial properties gives mitochondria the characteristics of multitasking and integrated molecular mega machines. We review recent insights into the makeup and the plasticity of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, their intimate relationship with respiratory function and regulation, and their properties in mediating solute transport. Synthesizing recent research advances we hypothesize that plant mitochondrial membranes are a privileged location for incorporation of a wide range of processes, some of which collaborate with respiratory function, including plant immunity, metabolic regulation and signal transduction, to underpin flexibility in the acclimation to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143 Münster, Germany.
| | - Philippe Fuchs
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143 Münster, Germany
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24
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Martin WF, Tielens AGM, Mentel M, Garg SG, Gould SB. The Physiology of Phagocytosis in the Context of Mitochondrial Origin. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2017; 81:e00008-17. [PMID: 28615286 PMCID: PMC5584316 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00008-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
How mitochondria came to reside within the cytosol of their host has been debated for 50 years. Though current data indicate that the last eukaryote common ancestor possessed mitochondria and was a complex cell, whether mitochondria or complexity came first in eukaryotic evolution is still discussed. In autogenous models (complexity first), the origin of phagocytosis poses the limiting step at eukaryote origin, with mitochondria coming late as an undigested growth substrate. In symbiosis-based models (mitochondria first), the host was an archaeon, and the origin of mitochondria was the limiting step at eukaryote origin, with mitochondria providing bacterial genes, ATP synthesis on internalized bioenergetic membranes, and mitochondrion-derived vesicles as the seed of the eukaryote endomembrane system. Metagenomic studies are uncovering new host-related archaeal lineages that are reported as complex or phagocytosing, although images of such cells are lacking. Here we review the physiology and components of phagocytosis in eukaryotes, critically inspecting the concept of a phagotrophic host. From ATP supply and demand, a mitochondrion-lacking phagotrophic archaeal fermenter would have to ingest about 34 times its body weight in prokaryotic prey to obtain enough ATP to support one cell division. It would lack chemiosmotic ATP synthesis at the plasma membrane, because phagocytosis and chemiosmosis in the same membrane are incompatible. It would have lived from amino acid fermentations, because prokaryotes are mainly protein. Its ATP yield would have been impaired relative to typical archaeal amino acid fermentations, which involve chemiosmosis. In contrast, phagocytosis would have had great physiological benefit for a mitochondrion-bearing cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Martin
- Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aloysius G M Tielens
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marek Mentel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sriram G Garg
- Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven B Gould
- Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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25
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Roberts RF, Tang MY, Fon EA, Durcan TM. Defending the mitochondria: The pathways of mitophagy and mitochondrial-derived vesicles. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 79:427-436. [PMID: 27443527 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouses for the cell, consuming oxygen to generate sufficient energy for the maintenance of normal cellular processes. However, a deleterious consequence of this process are reactive oxygen species generated as side-products of these reactions. As a means to protect mitochondria from damage, cells and mitochondria have developed a wide-range of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms that remove damaged mitochondrial cargo, enabling the mitochondria to repair the damage and ultimately restore their normal function. If the damage is extensive and mitochondria can no longer be repaired, a process termed mitophagy is initiated in which the mitochondria are directed for autophagic clearance. Canonical mitophagy is regulated by two proteins, PINK1 and Parkin, which are mutated in familial forms of Parkinson's disease. In this review, we discuss recent work elucidating the mechanism of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, along with recently uncovered PINK1/Parkin-independent mitophagy pathways. Moreover, we describe a novel mitochondrial quality control pathway, involving mitochondrial-derived vesicles that direct distinct and damaged mitochondrial cargo for degradation in the lysosome. Finally, we discuss the association between mitochondrial quality control, cardiac, hepatic and neurodegenerative disease and discuss the possibility of targeting these pathways for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind F Roberts
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disease, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, MP038, Molson Fieldhouse, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Matthew Y Tang
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disease, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, MP038, Molson Fieldhouse, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disease, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, MP038, Molson Fieldhouse, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disease, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, MP038, Molson Fieldhouse, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
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26
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Pérez-Sancho J, Tilsner J, Samuels AL, Botella MA, Bayer EM, Rosado A. Stitching Organelles: Organization and Function of Specialized Membrane Contact Sites in Plants. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:705-717. [PMID: 27318776 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The coordination of multiple metabolic activities in plants relies on an interorganelle communication network established through membrane contact sites (MCS). The MCS are maintained in transient or durable configurations by tethering structures which keep the two membranes in close proximity, and create chemical microdomains that allow localized and targeted exchange of small molecules and possibly proteins. The past few years have witnessed a dramatic increase in our understanding of the structural and molecular organization of plant interorganelle MCS, and their crucial roles in plant specialized functions including stress responses, cell to cell communication, and lipid transport. In this review we summarize recent advances in understanding the molecular components, structural organization, and functions of different plant-specific MCS architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pérez-Sancho
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jens Tilsner
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, BMS Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK; Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - A Lacey Samuels
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Miguel A Botella
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Emmanuelle M Bayer
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis (LBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, University of Bordeaux, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon CEDEX, France
| | - Abel Rosado
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Yamashita A, Fujimoto M, Katayama K, Tsutsumi N, Arimura SI. Mitochondrial outer membrane forms bridge between two mitochondria in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1167301. [PMID: 27031262 PMCID: PMC4973790 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1167301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles that move around and change their shapes dynamically. In plants, the dynamics of the outer membrane is not well understood. We recently demonstrated that mitochondria had tubular protrusions of the outer membrane with little or no matrix, called MOPs (mitochondrial outer-membrane protrusions; MOPs). Here we show that a MOP can form a bridge between two mitochondria in Arabidopsis thaliana. The bridge does not appear to involve the inner membranes. Live imaging revealed stretching of the MOP bridge, demonstrating the flexibility of the outer membrane. Mitochondria frequently undergo fission and fusion. These observations raise the possibility that MOPs bridges have a role in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yamashita
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Katayama
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsutsumi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Arimura
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Shin-ichi Arimura
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