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Wang FF, Tao PF, Zhong YJ, Gu YQ, Wang CY, Qin F. Alkaloids from Zanthoxylum nitidum and their anti-proliferative activity against A549 cells by regulating the EGFR/AKT/mTOR pathway. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38684029 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2347463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum nitidum is frequently used as a traditional Chinese medicine and food supplement. Our previous study revealed that its constituent compounds were able to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In our continuous exploration of bioactive compounds in Z. nitidum, we isolated ten alkaloids (1-10), including one new natural compound (1), and nine known alkaloids (2-10), from an ethanolic extract of the whole plant. The chemical structures were elucidated based on a combination of comprehensive NMR and HRESIMS analyses. Compounds 5, 8 and 10 exhibited significant antiproliferative effects against A549 cancer cell lines. We further elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms of the antiproliferative activity of compound 8 in A549 human lung cancer cells. Compound 8 was found to induce cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase via p53 activation and CDK4/6 suppression. Compound 8 also effectively inhibited cell migration through the modulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as indicated by the expression of biomarkers, such as N-cadherin downregulation and E-cadherin upregulation. Compound 8 significantly suppressed the activation of the EGFR/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in A549 cells. These results indicate that alkaloid 8 from Z. nitidum has potential to be a lead antiproliferative compound in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Fan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, P. R. China
| | - Ping-Fang Tao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Qiong Gu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, P. R. China
| | - Cai Yi Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, P. R. China
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Wang L, Han C, Cai C, Wu J, Chen J, Su C. Identification of immune-related gene signature for non-small cell lung cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26974. [PMID: 38463866 PMCID: PMC10923664 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become the established protocol for treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This work aimed to identify the immune-related gene signature that can predict the prognosis of NSCLC patients receiving ICI treatment. Methods The ImmPort database was queried to obtain a list of immune-related genes (IRGs). Differentially expressed IRGs in NSCLC patients were identified using the TCGA database. RNA-seq data and clinical information from NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy were obtained from the GEO database (GSE93157 and ////). A gene signature was generated through multivariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses. The prognostic value and function of this gene signature were thoroughly investigated using comprehensive bioinformatics analyses. Results A total of 6 prognostic-related genes were identified from 617 differentially expressed genes, and two prognostic-related differentially expressed genes (CAMP and IL17A) were determined to construct gene signature. Our gene signature demonstrated superior performance compared to other clinicopathological parameters in predicting the prognosis of NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.812. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis indicated that the high-risk group was enriched with resting CD4 T cell memory, while the low-risk group showed a "hot" tumor microenvironment that promotes anti-tumor immunity in NSCLC patients. Conclusion Gene signatures based on immune-related genes exhibited excellent indicator performance of prognosis and immune infiltration, which has the potential to be an effective biomarker for NSCLC with ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Chaonan Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Chenlei Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
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Zhao L, Wang Y, Sun X, Zhang X, Simone N, He J. ELK1/MTOR/S6K1 Pathway Contributes to Acquired Resistance to Gefitinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2382. [PMID: 38397056 PMCID: PMC10888698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of acquired resistance to small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling has hindered their efficacy in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Our previous study showed that constitutive activation of the 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) contributes to the acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC cell lines and xenograft tumors in nude mice. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying S6K1 constitutive activation in TKI-resistant cancer cells have not yet been explored. In this study, we recapitulated this finding by taking advantage of a gefitinib-resistant patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model established through a number of passages in mice treated with increasing doses of gefitinib. The dissociated primary cells from the resistant PDX tumors (PDX-R) displayed higher levels of phosphor-S6K1 expression and were resistant to gefitinib compared to cells from passage-matched parental PDX tumors (PDX-P). Both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of S6K1 increased sensitivity to gefitinib in PDX-R cells. In addition, both total and phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (MTOR) levels were upregulated in PDX-R and gefitinib-resistant PC9G cells. Knockdown of MTOR by siRNA decreased the expression levels of total and phosphor-S6K1 and increased sensitivity to gefitinib in PDX-R and PC9G cells. Moreover, a transcription factor ELK1, which has multiple predicted binding sites on the MTOR promoter, was also upregulated in PDX-R and PC9G cells, while the knockdown of ELK1 led to decreased expression of MTOR and S6K1. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR assay showed the direct binding between ELK1 and the MTOR promoter, and the luciferase reporter assay further indicated that ELK1 could upregulate MTOR expression through tuning up its transcription. Silencing ELK1 via siRNA transfection improved the efficacy of gefitinib in PDX-R and PC9G cells. These results support the notion that activation of ELK1/MTOR/S6K1 signaling contributes to acquired resistance to gefitinib in NSCLC. The findings in this study shed new light on the mechanism for acquired EGFR-TKI resistance and provide potential novel strategies by targeting the ELK1/MTOR/S6K1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Yifang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Nicole Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.S.)
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Zhang Y, Sun J, Li M, Hou L, Wang Z, Dong H, Xu W, Jiang R, Geng Y, Guan C, Zhu Z, Wang H, Gong Q, Zhang G. Identification and validation of a disulfidptosis-related genes prognostic signature in lung adenocarcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23502. [PMID: 38223725 PMCID: PMC10784160 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Disulfidptosis, a newly revealed form of cell death, regulated by numerous genes that has been recently identified. The exact role of disulfidptosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) still uncertain. Objective of this study was to explore potential prognostic markers among disulfidptosis genes in LUAD. By combining transcriptomic information from Gene Expression Omnibus databases and The Cancer Genome Atlas, we identified differentially expressed and prognostic disulfidptosis genes. By conducting least absolute shrinkage and selection operator with multivariate Cox regression, four disulfidptosis genes were selected to create the prognostic signature. The implementation of the signature separated the training and validation cohorts into groups with high- and low-risk. Subsequently, the model was verified by conducting an independent analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Further comparisons were made between the two risk-divided groups with regards the tumor microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity. The signature was constructed using four disulfidptosis-related genes: SLC7A11, SLC3A2, NCKAP1, and GYS1. According to ROC curves, the signature was effective for predicting LUAD prognosis. In addition, the prognostic signature correlated with sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents and the efficacy of immunotherapy in LUAD. Finally, through external validation, we showed that NCKAP1 are correlated with tumor migration, proliferation, and invasion of LUAD cells. GYS1 affects immune cell, especially M2 macrophage infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. The disulfidptosis four-gene model can reliably predict the prognosis of patients diagnosed with LUAD, thereby providing valuable information for clinical applications and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyang Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Central Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liren Hou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huanhuan Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongxuan Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuhan Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Central Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chungen Guan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Central Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zijiang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Central Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuyu Gong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangjian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Han X, Chen Y, Xie J, Wang Y. Characteristics of m 6A-related LncRNAs in breast cancer as prognostic biomarkers and immunotherapy. J Cancer 2023; 14:2919-2930. [PMID: 37781080 PMCID: PMC10539557 DOI: 10.7150/jca.87079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a common RNA modification in coding and non-coding RNAs and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer (BC). However, the role of m6A-related lncRNAs in breast cancer prognosis is unclear. This study aimed to help verify the biological function of m6A-related lncRNAs in breast cancer prognosis through bio-informatics techniques. First, we screened 18 m6A-related lncRNAs from the TCGA database: AL137847.1, AC137932.2, OTUD6B-AS1, MORF4L2-AS1, AC078846.1, AC012442.1, AL118556.1, AL138955.1, AC009754.1, AC024257.4, AL391095.1, AC024270.3, AC087392.1, LINC02649, AC090948.2, AL158212.1, ITGA6-AS1, AL133243.2 and constructed a risk-prognosis model based on this. Based on the model's median risk score, BC patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. Then, the predictive value of the model was verified by Cox regression, Lasso regression, Kaplan-Meier curve and ROC curve analysis, and biological differences between the two groups were verified by GO enrichment analysis, tumor mutation burden, immune indications and in vitro tests. Importantly, the risk score of this prognostic model is an excellent independent prognostic factor, and m6A regulators are differentially expressed in patients with different risks. In addition, based on patients' different sensitivities to drugs, some drug candidates for different risk populations are screened to provide targets for breast cancer treatment. The difference in immune function between high-risk and low-risk patients also affected the sensitivity to immunotherapy. In the validation of clinical samples, we analyzed the expression of relevant lncRNAs in different risk groups and speculated the possible impact on the prognosis of breast cancer patients. The risk assessment tool built based on the full analysis of these m6A-related genes and m6A-related lncRNA libraries, as well as the m6A-related lncRNAs, has a high prognostic prediction ability, which may provide a supplementary screening method for accurately judging the prognosis of BC and a new perspective for personalized treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Han
- Tai Zhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), No.999 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
- Cytotherapy Laboratory, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Tai Zhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), No.999 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Jiaogui Xie
- Tai Zhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), No.999 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Tai Zhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), No.999 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
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Narożna M, Krajka-Kuźniak V, Bednarczyk-Cwynar B, Baer-Dubowska W. Unlocking the Potential: Novel NSAIDs Hybrids Unleash Chemopreventive Power toward Liver Cancer Cells through Nrf2, NF-κB, and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2023; 28:5759. [PMID: 37570726 PMCID: PMC10420225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
HCC is a highly aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. In this study, novel conjugates of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-Ibuprofen and Ketoprofen-with oleanolic acid oximes derivatives (OAO) were synthesized, and their activity as modulators of signaling pathways involved in HCC pathogenesis was evaluated in normal THLE-2 liver cells, and HCC-derived HepG2 cells. The results demonstrated that conjugation with OAO derivatives reduces the cytotoxicity of parent compounds in both cell lines. In THLE-2 cells, treatment with conjugates resulted in increased activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway. An opposite effect was observed in HepG2 cells. In the later reduction of NF-κB, it was observed along with modulation of MAPK signaling pathways (AKT, ERK, p38, p70S6K, and JNK). Moreover, STAT3, STAT5, and CREB transcription factors on protein levels were significantly reduced as a result of treatment with IBU- and KET-OAO derivatives conjugates. The most active were conjugates with OAO-morpholide. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrate that IBU-OAO and KET-OAO derivative conjugates modulate the key signaling pathways involved in hepatic cancer development. Their effect on specific signaling pathways varied depending on the structure of the conjugate. Since the conjugation of IBU and KET with OAO derivatives reduced their cytotoxicity, the conjugates may be considered good candidates for the prevention of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Narożna
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825, NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4, Święcicki Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Barbara Bednarczyk-Cwynar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6, Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Wanda Baer-Dubowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4, Święcicki Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
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Luo K, Liu S, Shen X, Xu J, Shi C, Chao Y, Wen Z, Zhang K, Wang R, Liu B, Jiang Y. Integration of cancer stemness and neoantigen load to predict responsiveness to anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1003656. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1003656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anti-programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) therapy is an important part of comprehensive cancer therapy. However, many patients suffer from non-response to therapy. Tumor neoantigen burden (TNB) and cancer stemness play essential roles in the responsiveness to therapy. Therefore, the identification of drug candidates for anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy remains an unmet need.Methods: Three anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy cohorts were obtained from GEO database and published literatures. Cancer immune characteristics were analyzed using CIBERSORTX, GSVA, and ESTIMATE. WGCNA was employed to identify the gene modules correlated with cancer TNB and stemness. A machine-learning method was used to construct the immunotherapy resistance score (TSIRS). Pharmacogenomic analysis was conducted to explore the potential alternative drugs for anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy resistant patients. CCK-8 assay, EdU assay and wound healing assay were used to validate the effect of the predicted drug on cancer cells.Results: The therapy response and non-response cancer groups have different microenvironment features. TSIRS was developed based on tumor neoantigen and stemness. TSIRS can effectively predict the outcomes of patients with anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy in training, validation and meta cohorts. Meanwhile, TSIRS can reflect the characteristics of tumor microenvironment during anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy. PF-4708671 is identified as a potential alternative drug for patients with resistance to anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy. It possesses significant inhibitive effect on the proliferation and migration of BGC-823 cells.Conclusion: TSIRS is an effective tool in the identification of candidate patients who will be benefit from anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy. Small molecule drug PF-4708671 has the potential to be used in anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy resistant patients.
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8
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Beyond controlling cell size: functional analyses of S6K in tumorigenesis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:646. [PMID: 35879299 PMCID: PMC9314331 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As a substrate and major effector of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), the biological functions of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) have been canonically assigned for cell size control by facilitating mRNA transcription, splicing, and protein synthesis. However, accumulating evidence implies that diverse stimuli and upstream regulators modulate S6K kinase activity, leading to the activation of a plethora of downstream substrates for distinct pathobiological functions. Beyond controlling cell size, S6K simultaneously plays crucial roles in directing cell apoptosis, metabolism, and feedback regulation of its upstream signals. Thus, we comprehensively summarize the emerging upstream regulators, downstream substrates, mouse models, clinical relevance, and candidate inhibitors for S6K and shed light on S6K as a potential therapeutic target for cancers.
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p70 S6 kinase as a therapeutic target in cancers: More than just an mTOR effector. Cancer Lett 2022; 535:215593. [PMID: 35176419 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) is best-known for its regulatory roles in protein synthesis and cell growth by phosphorylating its primary substrate, ribosomal protein S6, upon mitogen stimulation. The enhanced expression/activation of p70S6K has been correlated with poor prognosis in some cancer types, suggesting that it may serve as a biomarker for disease monitoring. p70S6K is a critical downstream effector of the oncogenic PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and its activation is tightly regulated by an ordered cascade of Ser/Thr phosphorylation events. Nonetheless, it should be noted that other upstream mechanisms regulating p70S6K at both the post-translational and post-transcriptional levels also exist. Activated p70S6K could promote various aspects of cancer progression such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stemness and drug resistance. Importantly, novel evidence showing that p70S6K may also regulate different cellular components in the tumor microenvironment will be discussed. Therapeutic targeting of p70S6K alone or in combination with traditional chemotherapies or other microenvironmental-based drugs such as immunotherapy may represent promising approaches against cancers with aberrant p70S6K signaling. Currently, the only clinically available p70S6K inhibitors are rapamycin analogs (rapalogs) which target mTOR. However, there are emerging p70S6K-selective drugs which are going through active preclinical or clinical trial phases. Moreover, various screening strategies have been used for the discovery of novel p70S6K inhibitors, hence bringing new insights for p70S6K-targeted therapy.
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10
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Xiao Y, Huck BR, Lan R, DeSelm L, Chen X, Qiu H, Neagu C, Johnson T, Mochalkin I, Gardberg A, Jiang X, Tian H, Dutt V, Santos D, Head J, Jackson J, Syed S, Lin J, Wilker E, Ma J, Clark A, Machl A, Bankston D, Jones CCV, Goutopoulos A, Sherer B. Discovery of 4-aminopyrimidine analogs as highly potent dual P70S6K/Akt inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 50:128352. [PMID: 34481987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR kinase pathway is associated with human cancers. A dual p70S6K/Akt inhibitor is sufficient to inhibit strong tumor growth and to block negative impact of the compensatory Akt feedback loop activation. A scaffold docking strategy based on an existing quinazoline carboxamide series identified 4-aminopyrimidine analog 6, which showed a single-digit nanomolar and a micromolar potencies in p70S6K and Akt enzymatic assays. SAR optimization improved Akt enzymatic and p70S6K cellular potencies, reduced hERG liability, and ultimately discovered the promising candidate 37, which exhibited with a single digit nanomolar value in both p70S6K and Akt biochemical assays, and hERG activities (IC50 = 17.4 μM). This agent demonstrated dose-dependent efficacy in inhibiting mice breast cancer tumor growth and covered more than 90% pS6 inhibition up to 24 h at a dose of 200 mg/kg po.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Xiao
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA.
| | - Bayard R Huck
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA.
| | - Ruoxi Lan
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Lizbeth DeSelm
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Hui Qiu
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Constantin Neagu
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Theresa Johnson
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Igor Mochalkin
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Anna Gardberg
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Xuliang Jiang
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Hui Tian
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Vikram Dutt
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Dusica Santos
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Jared Head
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Jennifer Jackson
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Sakeena Syed
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Jing Lin
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Erik Wilker
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Jianguo Ma
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Anderson Clark
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Andreas Machl
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Donald Bankston
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Christopher C V Jones
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Andreas Goutopoulos
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Brian Sherer
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
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11
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Spaan I, Timmerman LM, Kimman T, Slomp A, Cuenca M, van Nieuwenhuijzen N, Moesbergen LM, Minnema MC, Raymakers RA, Peperzak V. Direct P70S6K1 inhibition to replace dexamethasone in synergistic combination with MCL-1 inhibition in multiple myeloma. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2593-2607. [PMID: 34152396 PMCID: PMC8270664 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel combination therapies have markedly improved the lifespan of patients with multiple myeloma (MM), but drug resistance and disease relapse remain major clinical problems. Dexamethasone and other glucocorticoids are a cornerstone of conventional and new combination therapies for MM, although their use is accompanied by serious side effects. We aimed to uncover drug combinations that act in synergy and, as such, allow reduced dosing while remaining effective. Dexamethasone and the myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1) inhibitor S63845 (MCL-1i) proved the most potent combination in our lethality screen and induced apoptosis of human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) that was 50% higher compared with an additive drug effect. Kinome analysis of dexamethasone-treated HMCLs revealed a reduction in serine/threonine peptide phosphorylation, which was predicted to result from reduced Akt activity. Biochemical techniques showed no dexamethasone-induced effects on FOXO protein or GSK3 but did show a 50% reduction in P70S6K phosphorylation, downstream of the Akt-mTORC1 axis. Replacing dexamethasone by the P70S6K1 isoform-specific inhibitor PF-4708671 (S6K1i) revealed similar and statistically significant synergistic apoptosis of HMCLs in combination with MCL-1i. Interestingly, apoptosis induced by the P70S6K1i and MCL-1i combination was more-than-additive in all 9 primary MM samples tested; this effect was observed for 6 of 9 samples with the dexamethasone and MCL-1i combination. Toxicity on stem and progenitor cell subsets remained minimal. Combined, our results show a strong rationale for combination treatments using the P70S6K inhibitor in MM. Direct and specific inhibition of P70S6K may also provide a solution for patients ineligible or insensitive to dexamethasone or other glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Niels van Nieuwenhuijzen
- Center for Translational Immunology and
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Monique C Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Reinier A Raymakers
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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S6K1 blockade overcomes acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:7181-7195. [PMID: 33037411 PMCID: PMC7718330 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of resistance to EGFR Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in NSCLC with activating EGFR mutations is a critical limitation of this therapy. In addition to genetic alterations such as EGFR secondary mutation causing EGFR-TKI resistance, compensatory activation of signaling pathways without interruption of genome integrity remains to be defined. In this study, we identified S6K1/MDM2 signaling axis as a novel bypass mechanism for the development of EGFR-TKI resistance. The observation of S6K1 as a candidate mechanism for resistance to EGFR TKI therapy was investigated by interrogation of public databases and a clinical cohort to establish S6K1 expression as a prognostic/predictive biomarker. The role of S6K1 in TKI resistance was determined in in vitro gain-and-loss of function studies and confirmed in subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse lung cancer models. Blockade of S6K1 by a specific inhibitor PF-4708671 synergistically enhanced the efficacy of TKI without showing toxicity. The mechanistic study showed the inhibition of EGFR caused nuclear translocation of S6K1 for binding with MDM2 in resistant cells. MDM2 is a downstream effector of S6K1-mediated TKI resistance. Taken together, we present evidence for the reversal of resistance to EGFR TKI by the addition of small molecule S6K1/MDM2 antagonists that could have clinical benefit.
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13
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Crees ZD, Shearrow C, Lin L, Girard J, Arasi K, Bhoraskar A, Berei J, Eckburg A, Anderson AD, Garcia C, Munger A, Palani S, Smith TJ, Sreenivassappa SB, Vitali C, David O, Puri N. EGFR/c-Met and mTOR signaling are predictors of survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920953731. [PMID: 32973931 PMCID: PMC7493230 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920953731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EGFR/c-Met activation/amplification and co-expression, mTOR upregulation/activation, and Akt/Wnt signaling upregulation have been individually associated with more aggressive disease and characterized as potential prognostic markers for lung cancer patients. METHODS Tumors obtained from 109 participants with stage I-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were studied for EGFR/c-Met co-localization as well as for total and active forms of EGFR, c-Met, mTOR, S6K, beta-catenin, and Axin2. Slides were graded by two independent blinded pathologists using a validated scoring system. Protein expression profile correlations were assessed using Pearson correlation and Spearman's rho. Prognosis was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS Protein expression profile analysis revealed significant correlations between EGFR/p-EGFR (p = 0.0412) and p-mTOR/S6K (p = 0.0044). Co-localization of p-EGFR/p-c-Met was associated with increased p-mTOR (p = 0.0006), S6K (p = 0.0018), and p-S6K (p < 0.0001) expression. In contrast, active beta-catenin was not positively correlated with EGFR/c-Met nor any activated proteins. Axin2, a negative regulator of the Wnt pathway, was correlated with EGFR, p-EGFR, p-mTOR, p-S6K, EGFR/c-Met co-localization, and p-EGFR/p-c-Met co-localization (all p-values <0.03). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed shorter median survival in participants with high expression of Axin2, total beta-catenin, total/p-S6K, total/p-mTOR, EGFR, and EGFR/c-Met co-localization compared with low expression. After controlling for stage of disease at diagnosis, subjects with late-stage disease demonstrated shorter median survival when exhibiting high co-expression of EGFR/c-Met (8.1 month versus 22.3 month, p = 0.050), mTOR (6.7 month versus 22.3 month, p = 0.002), and p-mTOR (8.1 month versus 25.4 month, p = 0.004) compared with low levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that increased EGFR/c-Met signaling is correlated with upregulated mTOR/S6K signaling, which may in turn be associated with shorter median survival in late-stage NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Crees
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Caleb Shearrow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Leo Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Girard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Kavin Arasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Aayush Bhoraskar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Berei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Adam Eckburg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Austin D. Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Christian Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Ariana Munger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Sunil Palani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Thomas J Smith
- College of Education, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL, USA
| | | | - Connie Vitali
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford IL, USA
| | - Odile David
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neelu Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, 1601 Parkview Avenue, Room Number E-632, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
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14
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Migisha Ntwali P, Heo CE, Han JY, Chae SY, Kim M, Vu HM, Kim MS, Kim HI. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics of single cells and organoids: The new generation of cancer research. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Wang SW, Lee CH, Lin MS, Chi CW, Chen YJ, Wang GS, Liao KW, Chiu LP, Wu SH, Huang DM, Chen L, Shen YS. ZnO Nanoparticles Induced Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma through Mitochondrial Dysfunction and p70S6K Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051612. [PMID: 32111101 PMCID: PMC7084801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are increasingly used in sunscreens, food additives, pigments, rubber manufacture, and electronic materials. Several studies have shown that ZnO-NPs inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis by the production of oxidative stress in a variety of human cancer cells. However, the anti-cancer property and molecular mechanism of ZnO-NPs in human gingival squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) are not fully understood. In this study, we found that ZnO-NPs induced growth inhibition of GSCC (Ca9-22 and OECM-1 cells), but no damage in human normal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1 cells). ZnO-NPs caused apoptotic cell death of GSCC in a concentration-dependent manner by the quantitative assessment of oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle progression revealed that sub-G1 phase accumulation was dramatically induced by ZnO-NPs. In addition, ZnO-NPs increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species and specifically superoxide levels, and also decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. ZnO-NPs further activated apoptotic cell death via the caspase cascades. Importantly, anti-oxidant and caspase inhibitor clearly prevented ZnO-NP-induced cell death, indicating the fact that superoxide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the ZnO-NP-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis in human GSCC. Moreover, ZnO-NPs significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K kinase). In a corollary in vivo study, our results demonstrated that ZnO-NPs possessed an anti-cancer effect in a zebrafish xenograft model. Collectively, these results suggest that ZnO-NPs induce apoptosis through the mitochondrial oxidative damage and p70S6K signaling pathway in human GSCC. The present study may provide an experimental basis for ZnO-NPs to be considered as a promising novel anti-tumor agent for the treatment of gingival cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shen Lin
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Wen Chi
- Department of Nursing, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Shou Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (G.-S.W.); (K.-W.L.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (G.-S.W.); (K.-W.L.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Li-Pin Chiu
- General Education Center, University of Taipei, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Division of General Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 103, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan;
| | - Dong-Ming Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (D.-M.H.); (L.C.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +886-37-246-166 (ext. 38105) (D.-M.H.); +886-2-2621-5656 (ext. 2682) (L.C.); +886-2-2636-0303 (ext. 1422) (Y.-S.S.)
| | - Luke Chen
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (D.-M.H.); (L.C.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +886-37-246-166 (ext. 38105) (D.-M.H.); +886-2-2621-5656 (ext. 2682) (L.C.); +886-2-2636-0303 (ext. 1422) (Y.-S.S.)
| | - Yung-Shuen Shen
- Institute of Geriatric Welfare Technology and Science, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (D.-M.H.); (L.C.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +886-37-246-166 (ext. 38105) (D.-M.H.); +886-2-2621-5656 (ext. 2682) (L.C.); +886-2-2636-0303 (ext. 1422) (Y.-S.S.)
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16
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Zhang N, Ma S. Research Progress of 70 kDa Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase (P70S6K) Inhibitors as Effective Therapeutic Tools for Obesity, Type II Diabetes and Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4699-4719. [PMID: 31942845 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200114113139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
At present, diseases such as obesity, type Ⅱ diabetes and cancer have brought serious health problems, which are closely related to mTOR pathway. 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), as a significant downstream effector of mTOR, mediates protein synthesis, RNA processing, glucose homeostasis, cell growth and apoptosis. Inhibiting the function of p70S6K can reduce the risk of obesity which helps to treat dyslipidemia, enhance insulin sensitivity, and extend the life span of mammals. Therefore, p70S6K has become a potential target for the treatment of these diseases. So far, except for the first p70S6K specific inhibitor PF-4708671 developed by Pfizer and LY2584702 developed by Lilai, all of them are in preclinical research. This paper briefly introduces the general situation of p70S6K and reviews their inhibitors in recent years, which are mainly classified into two categories: natural compounds and synthetic compounds. In particular, their inhibitory activities, structure-activity relationships (SARs) and mechanisms are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
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17
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Qiu Z, Ye B, Zhao S, Li X, Li L, Mo X, Li W. Non-canonical Raf-1/p70S6K signalling in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7632-7640. [PMID: 31541523 PMCID: PMC6815804 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally, with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the predominant subtype. Overall survival remains low for NSCLC patients, and novel targets are needed to improve outcome. Raf-1 is a key component of the Ras/Raf/MEK signalling pathway, but its role and downstream targets in NSCLC are not completely understood. Our previous study indicated a possible correlation between Raf-1 levels and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) function. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether p70S6K is a downstream target of Raf-1 in NSCLC. Raf-1 was silenced in NSCLC cell lines by using small hairpin RNA, and Raf-1 and p70S6K protein levels were measured via Western blot. p70S6K was then overexpressed following Raf-1 knock-down; then, cell proliferation, apoptosis and the cell cycle in NSCLC cell lines were examined. Tumour xenografts with NSCLC cells were then transplanted for in vivo study. Tumours were measured and weighed, and Raf-1 and p70S6K expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined in tumour tissues by Western blot, Ki-67 staining and TUNEL staining, respectively. When Raf-1 was silenced, p70S6K protein levels were markedly decreased in the A549 and H1299 NSCLC cell lines. A significant decrease in NSCLC cell proliferation, a profound increase in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were observed in vitro following Raf-1 knock-down. Overexpression of p70S6K after Raf-1 depletion effectively reversed these effects. Xenograft studies confirmed these results in vivo. In conclusion, Raf-1 targets p70S6K as its downstream effector to regulate NSCLC tumorigenicity, making Raf-1/p70S6K signalling a promising target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bingwei Ye
- Georgia Cancer CenterAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Li
- Georgia Cancer CenterAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ximing Mo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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18
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Li J, Liu W, Hao H, Wang Q, Xue L. Rapamycin enhanced the antitumor effects of doxorubicin in myelogenous leukemia K562 cells by downregulating the mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2694-2703. [PMID: 31404320 PMCID: PMC6676723 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a common hematological malignancy. Some patients progressing to the blast phase develop chemotherapeutic drug resistance. In the authors' previous study, it was found that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was activated in CML and that rapamycin inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells. Targeting the mTOR pathway may be used in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs to enhance their efficacy and overcome multidrug resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of rapamycin and doxorubicin on K562 cell proliferation following the combination treatment, and further focus on confirming whether rapamycin enhanced the antitumor effects of doxorubicin by downregulating the mTOR/ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) pathway. It was found that rapamycin and doxorubicin significantly decreased the viability of K562 cells. The apoptotic cells were more frequently detected in rapamycin and doxorubicin treatment groups (25.50±1.25%). Both drugs decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax expression in K562 cells. Rapamycin and doxorubicin also reduced the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and p70S6K. Meanwhile, p70S6K-targeting small interfering (si)RNA and doxorubicin inhibited cell proliferation and regulated key factors of the cell cycle. In addition, the exposure of cells to p70S6K siRNA and doxorubicin significantly increased cell apoptosis, as compared with single treatment. These results suggested that rapamycin could enhance the antitumor effects of doxorubicin on K562 cells by downregulating mTOR/p70S6K signaling. Targeting the mTOR/p70S6K pathway may be a new therapeutic approach for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Hongling Hao
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Liying Xue
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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19
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McDaniel NK, Cummings CT, Iida M, Hülse J, Pearson HE, Vasileiadi E, Parker RE, Orbuch RA, Ondracek OJ, Welke NB, Kang GH, Davies KD, Wang X, Frye SV, Earp HS, Harari PM, Kimple RJ, DeRyckere D, Graham DK, Wheeler DL. MERTK Mediates Intrinsic and Adaptive Resistance to AXL-targeting Agents. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2297-2308. [PMID: 30093568 PMCID: PMC6215511 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The TAM (TYRO3, AXL, MERTK) family receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) play an important role in promoting growth, survival, and metastatic spread of several tumor types. AXL and MERTK are overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), malignancies that are highly metastatic and lethal. AXL is the most well-characterized TAM receptor and mediates resistance to both conventional and targeted cancer therapies. AXL is highly expressed in aggressive tumor types, and patients with cancer are currently being enrolled in clinical trials testing AXL inhibitors. In this study, we analyzed the effects of AXL inhibition using a small-molecule AXL inhibitor, a monoclonal antibody (mAb), and siRNA in HNSCC, TNBC, and NSCLC preclinical models. Anti-AXL-targeting strategies had limited efficacy across these different models that, our data suggest, could be attributed to upregulation of MERTK. MERTK expression was increased in cell lines and patient-derived xenografts treated with AXL inhibitors and inhibition of MERTK sensitized HNSCC, TNBC, and NSCLC preclinical models to AXL inhibition. Dual targeting of AXL and MERTK led to a more potent blockade of downstream signaling, synergistic inhibition of tumor cell expansion in culture, and reduced tumor growth in vivo Furthermore, ectopic overexpression of MERTK in AXL inhibitor-sensitive models resulted in resistance to AXL-targeting strategies. These observations suggest that therapeutic strategies cotargeting both AXL and MERTK could be highly beneficial in a variety of tumor types where both receptors are expressed, leading to improved survival for patients with lethal malignancies. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(11); 2297-308. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie K McDaniel
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christopher T Cummings
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mari Iida
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Justus Hülse
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hannah E Pearson
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eleana Vasileiadi
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rebecca E Parker
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rachel A Orbuch
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Olivia J Ondracek
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Noah B Welke
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Grace H Kang
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kurtis D Davies
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephen V Frye
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - H Shelton Earp
- Department of Medicine, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Paul M Harari
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Randall J Kimple
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Deborah DeRyckere
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Douglas K Graham
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Deric L Wheeler
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
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20
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Li L, Qi Y, Ma X, Xiong G, Wang L, Bao C. TRIM22 knockdown suppresses chronic myeloid leukemia via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1192-1199. [PMID: 29762880 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing 22 (TRIM22) is reported to participate in numerous cellular activities. Recent studies confirm that TRIM22 is a target gene for P53, and inhibits clonogenic growth of leukemic U-937 cells. The current study aims to discover the effect of TRIM22 in progression of human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and explore the related mechanism. TRIM22 was knocked down by siRNA transfection in CML cell K562. We observed that TRIM22 knockdown decreased proliferation and invasion in K562 cells. TRIM22 knockdown significantly induced cell cycle arrest by regulating the level of CDK4, Cyclin D1, P70S6K, and P53 in K562 cell. Moreover, loss of TRIM22 also promoted apoptosis through modulation of Bcl-2, Bax and active Caspase 3 in K562 cell. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TRIM22 knockdown inhibited the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by decreasing the level of the phosphorylated form p-Akt and p-mTOR in K562 cell. In conclusion, loss of TRIM22 suppresses the progression and invasion of CML through regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, suggesting that TRIM22 might be as a potential target for the treatment strategy of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyin Li
- Department of Hematology, Yunnan Research Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Institute of Experimental Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, No. 295, Xichang Road, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Cuixia Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, P. R. China
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21
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Simabuco FM, Morale MG, Pavan IC, Morelli AP, Silva FR, Tamura RE. p53 and metabolism: from mechanism to therapeutics. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23780-23823. [PMID: 29805774 PMCID: PMC5955117 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor cell changes itself and its microenvironment to adapt to different situations, including action of drugs and other agents targeting tumor control. Therefore, metabolism plays an important role in the activation of survival mechanisms to keep the cell proliferative potential. The Warburg effect directs the cellular metabolism towards an aerobic glycolytic pathway, despite the fact that it generates less adenosine triphosphate than oxidative phosphorylation; because it creates the building blocks necessary for cell proliferation. The transcription factor p53 is the master tumor suppressor; it binds to more than 4,000 sites in the genome and regulates the expression of more than 500 genes. Among these genes are important regulators of metabolism, affecting glucose, lipids and amino acids metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and growth factors signaling. Wild-type and mutant p53 may have opposing effects in the expression of these metabolic genes. Therefore, depending on the p53 status of the cell, drugs that target metabolism may have different outcomes and metabolism may modulate drug resistance. Conversely, induction of p53 expression may regulate differently the tumor cell metabolism, inducing senescence, autophagy and apoptosis, which are dependent on the regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and/or ROS induction. The interplay between p53 and metabolism is essential in the decision of cell fate and for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M. Simabuco
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods, School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian G. Morale
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isadora C.B. Pavan
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods, School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P. Morelli
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods, School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando R. Silva
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods, School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo E. Tamura
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Chen L, Xue Y, Zheng J, Liu X, Liu J, Chen J, Li Z, Xi Z, Teng H, Wang P, Liu L, Liu Y. MiR-429 Regulated by Endothelial Monocyte Activating Polypeptide-II (EMAP-II) Influences Blood-Tumor Barrier Permeability by Inhibiting the Expressions of ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-5. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:35. [PMID: 29467620 PMCID: PMC5808301 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-tumor barrier (BTB) hinders delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to tumors in the brain; previous studies have shown that the BTB can be selectively opened by endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide-II (EMAP-II), but the specific mechanism involved remains elusive. In this study, we found that microRNA-429 (miR-429) expression in glioma vascular endothelial cells (GECs) was far lower than in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs). miR-429 had lower expression in GECs and glioma tissues compared to ECs or normal tissues of the brain. Furthermore, miR-429 had lower expression in high grade glioma (HGG) than in low grade glioma (LGG). In in vitro BTB models, we also found that EMAP-II significantly increased BTB permeability, decreased expression of ZO-1, occludin and claudin-5 in GECs, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. EMAP-II greatly increased miR-429 expression in GECs of the BTB models in vitro. Overexpression of miR-429 in GECs significantly decreased the transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) values in BTB models, and led to enhanced horseradish peroxidase (HRP) flux. Overexpression of miR-429 in GECs significantly decreased the expression of tight junction (TJ)-associated proteins (ZO-1, occludin and claudin-5), and decreased the distribution continuity. Silencing of miR-429 in GECs increased the expression of TJ-associated proteins and the distribution continuity. The dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that ZO-1 and occludin were target genes of miR-429, and we demonstrated that miR-429 overexpression markedly down-regulated protein expression of p70S6K, as well as its phosphorylation levels. The dual-luciferase reporter assay also showed that p70S6K was a target gene of miR-429; miR-429 overexpression down-regulated expression and phosphorylation levels of p70S6K, and also decreased phosphorylation levels of S6 and increased BTB permeability. Conversely, silencing of miR-429 increased the expression and phosphorylation levels of p70S6K, and increased phosphorylation levels of S6, while decreasing BTB permeability. In conclusion, the results indicated that EMAP-II caused an increase in miR-429 expression that directly targeted TJ-associated proteins, which were negatively regulated; on the other hand, miR-429 down-regulated the expression of TJ-associated proteins by targeting p70S6K, also negatively regulated. As a result, the BTB permeability increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuo Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Teng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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23
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Bu L, Li W, Ming Z, Shi J, Fang P, Yang S. Inhibition of TrxR2 suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation, metabolism and induced cell apoptosis through decreasing antioxidant activity. Life Sci 2017; 178:35-41. [PMID: 28414076 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to analyze the effect of thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2) on lung cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration in vitro. MAIN METHODS Real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of TrxR2 in NSCLC tumor tissues. After pAd-TrxR2 or shRNA-TrxR2 was transfected into A549 or NCI-H1299 cells, the cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 method; cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry; cell invasion and migration was measured by Transwell method. The production of ROS was measured by DCFH-DA method; the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px was measured by relative ELISA kit. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that TrxR2 was up-regulated in NSCLC tumor tissues. Inhibition of TrxR2 suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell invasion and migration. However, overexpression of TrxR2 showed the opposite effect. Furthermore, when cells were transfected with shRNA-TrxR2, the production of ROS was significantly increased, and SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activity was decreased. Conversely, pAd-TrxR2 transfection showed the opposite effect. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our results suggest that TrxR2 acts as an oncogenic gene in the context of lung cancer progression. The inhibition of TrxR2 suppressed lung cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induced cell apoptosis by inducing ROS production and decreasing antioxidant activity. TrxR2 may be a potential target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Bu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710018, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zongjuan Ming
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ping Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuanying Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi, China.
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24
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Wang Y, Mei H, Shao Q, Wang J, Lin Z. Association of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 with cellular radiosensitivity of non-small lung cancer. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:581-589. [PMID: 28276898 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1294273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Mei
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Shao
- Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Archambault AS, Turcotte C, Martin C, Lefebvre JS, Provost V, Laviolette M, Flamand N. Leukotriene B₄ Metabolism and p70S6 Kinase 1 Inhibitors: PF-4708671 but Not LY2584702 Inhibits CYP4F3A and the ω-Oxidation of Leukotriene B₄ In Vitro and In Cellulo. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169804. [PMID: 28068410 PMCID: PMC5222342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
LTB4 is an inflammatory lipid mediator mainly biosynthesized by leukocytes. Since its implication in inflammatory diseases is well recognized, many tools to regulate its biosynthesis have been developed and showed promising results in vitro and in vivo, but mixed results in clinical trials. Recently, the mTOR pathway component p70S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K1) has been linked to LTC4 synthase and the biosynthesis of cysteinyl-leukotrienes. In this respect, we investigated if p70S6K1 could also play a role in LTB4 biosynthesis. We thus evaluated the impact of the p70S6K1 inhibitors PF-4708671 and LY2584702 on LTB4 biosynthesis in human neutrophils. At a concentration of 10 μM, both compounds inhibited S6 phosphorylation, although neither one inhibited the thapsigargin-induced LTB4 biosynthesis, as assessed by the sum of LTB4, 20-OH-LTB4, and 20-COOH-LTB4. However, PF-4708671, but not LY2584702, inhibited the ω-oxidation of LTB4 into 20-OH-LTB4 by intact neutrophils and by recombinant CYP4F3A, leading to increased LTB4 levels. This was true for both endogenously biosynthesized and exogenously added LTB4. In contrast to that of 17-octadecynoic acid, the inhibitory effect of PF-4708671 was easily removed by washing the neutrophils, indicating that PF-4708671 was a reversible CYP4F3A inhibitor. At optimal concentration, PF-4708671 increased the half-life of LTB4 in our neutrophil suspensions by 7.5 fold, compared to 5 fold for 17-octadecynoic acid. Finally, Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk plots indicate that PF-4708671 is a mixed inhibitor of CYP4F3A. In conclusion, we show that PF-4708671 inhibits CYP4F3A and prevents the ω-oxidation of LTB4 in cellulo, which might result in increased LTB4 levels in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Archambault
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Turcotte
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Cyril Martin
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie S. Lefebvre
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Véronique Provost
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Laviolette
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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26
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Shi H, Ji Y, Zhang D, Liu Y, Fang P. MicroRNA-3666-induced suppression of SIRT7 inhibits the growth of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3051-3057. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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27
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Amaral CL, Freitas LB, Tamura RE, Tavares MR, Pavan ICB, Bajgelman MC, Simabuco FM. S6Ks isoforms contribute to viability, migration, docetaxel resistance and tumor formation of prostate cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:602. [PMID: 27491285 PMCID: PMC4974797 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The S6 Kinase (S6K) proteins are some of the main downstream effectors of the mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) and act as key regulators of protein synthesis and cell growth. S6K is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors and is correlated to poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Due to the current urgency to identify factors involved in prostate cancer progression, we aimed to reveal the cellular functions of three S6K isoforms–p70-S6K1, p85-S6K1 and p54-S6K2–in prostate cancer, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets. Methods In this study we performed S6K knockdown and overexpression and investigated its role in prostate cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, viability, migration and resistance to docetaxel treatment. In addition, we measured tumor growth in Nude mice injected with PC3 cells overexpressing S6K isoforms and tested the efficacy of a new available S6K1 inhibitor in vitro. Results S6Ks overexpression enhanced PC3-luc cell line viability, migration, resistance to docetaxel and tumor formation in Nude mice. Only S6K2 knockdown rendered prostate cancer cells more sensitive to docetaxel. S6K1 inhibitor PF-4708671 was particularly effective for reducing migration and proliferation of PC3 cell line. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that S6Ks play an important role in prostate cancer progression, enhancing cell viability, migration and chemotherapy resistance, and place both S6K1 and S6K2 as a potential targets in advanced prostate cancer. We also provide evidence that S6K1 inhibitor PF-4708671 may be considered as a potential drug for prostate cancer treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2629-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila L Amaral
- Laboratory of Disorders of Metabolism, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, sala LA 421, 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lidia B Freitas
- Laboratory of Disorders of Metabolism, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, sala LA 421, 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo E Tamura
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Tavares
- Laboratory of Disorders of Metabolism, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, sala LA 421, 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isadora C B Pavan
- Laboratory of Disorders of Metabolism, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, sala LA 421, 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio C Bajgelman
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Laboratory of Disorders of Metabolism, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, sala LA 421, 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
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28
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Patent highlights: February-March 2016. Pharm Pat Anal 2016; 5:203-9. [PMID: 27336587 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2016-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A snapshot of noteworthy recent developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development.
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