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Safee MKM, Osman NAA. Relationship between postural stability and fall risk in young adult after lower limb muscle fatigue. HEALTHCARE IN LOW-RESOURCE SETTINGS 2023. [DOI: 10.4081/hls.2023.11182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Muscle fatigue can reduce body balance and activity of daily living tasks. Therefore, this study aims to identify the correlation between postural stability and fall risk due to muscle fatigue. The components in postural stability include Overall Stability Index (OSI), Anterior-Posterior Stability Index (APSI), and Mediolateral Stability Index (MLSI).
Design and Methods: A total of seven healthy adults aged 31.1±7.4 years were recruited in this study. The sit-to-stand (STS) protocol was used to induce lower limb muscle fatigue, while postural stability and fall risk were assessed using the Biodex Balance System (BBS) before and after muscle fatigue.
Result: The result showed a significant increase in postural stability index after fatigue only for OSI with p<0.05, while no significant difference was found on APSI and MLSI with p=0.157 and p=0.109 respectively. However, the mean score for the postural stability index showed an increase in percentage with 47.8% in OSI, 26.3% in APSI and 46.8% in MLSI. Furthermore,fall risk showed no significant differences with p=0.149, but the mean score data increased by 16.7% after fatigue. The correlation between fall risk and OSI was significant with p<0.05, while MLSI had a significant negative correlation with APSI (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Based on the results, the young adults had reduced overall postural stability but were less affected by fall risk after muscle fatigue. The positive correlation between OSI and fall risk indicated that their overall postural stability can induce the fall risk after muscle fatigue. Therefore, young adults need to be aware of their fatigue symptoms during prolonged exercise that can increase fall risk potential.
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Young BM, Yadav R, Rana S, Kim WS, Liu C, Batth R, Sakthi S, Farahmand E, Han S, Patel D, Luo J, Ramsey C, Feldman M, Cardoso-Ferreira I, Holl C, Nguyen T, Brinkman L, Su M, Chang TY, Cramer SC. Wrist Proprioception in Adults with and without Subacute Stroke. Brain Sci 2022; 13:brainsci13010031. [PMID: 36672014 PMCID: PMC9856542 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprioception is critical to motor control and functional status but has received limited study early after stroke. Patients admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility for stroke (n = 18, mean(±SD) 12.5 ± 6.6 days from stroke) and older healthy controls (n = 19) completed the Wrist Position Sense Test (WPST), a validated, quantitative measure of wrist proprioception, as well as motor and cognitive testing. Patients were serially tested when available (n = 12, mean 11 days between assessments). In controls, mean(±SD) WPST error was 9.7 ± 3.5° in the dominant wrist and 8.8 ± 3.8° in the nondominant wrist (p = 0.31). In patients with stroke, WPST error was 18.6 ± 9° in the more-affected wrist, with abnormal values present in 88.2%; and 11.5 ± 5.6° in the less-affected wrist, with abnormal values present in 72.2%. Error in the more-affected wrist was higher than in the less-affected wrist (p = 0.003) or in the dominant (p = 0.001) and nondominant (p < 0.001) wrist of controls. Age and BBT performance correlated with dominant hand WPST error in controls. WPST error in either wrist after stroke was not related to age, BBT, MoCA, or Fugl-Meyer scores. WPST error did not significantly change in retested patients. Wrist proprioception deficits are common, bilateral, and persistent in subacute stroke and not explained by cognitive or motor deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M. Young
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Rishika Yadav
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Shivam Rana
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Won-Seok Kim
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13620, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Camellia Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Rajan Batth
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Shivani Sakthi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Eden Farahmand
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Simon Han
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Darshan Patel
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Jason Luo
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Christina Ramsey
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Marc Feldman
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Isabel Cardoso-Ferreira
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Christina Holl
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Tiffany Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Lorie Brinkman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Michael Su
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Tracy Y. Chang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
| | - Steven C. Cramer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Rehabilitation Institute, 2070 Century Park East Rm 117, Los Angeles, CA 90067, USA
- Correspondence:
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Becker L, Kaltenegger HC, Nowak D, Rohleder N, Weigl M. Differences in stress system (re-)activity between single and dual- or multitasking in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev 2022; 17:78-103. [PMID: 35477383 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2071323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the age of digitization, multitasking requirements are ubiquitous, especially in the workplace. Multitasking (MT) describes the activity of performing multiple (at least two) tasks at the same time. Dual tasking (DT) refers to the sequential switching between two tasks. The aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was first to investigate whether physiological stress systems become activated in response to or during MT/DT and, secondly, whether this (re-)activity is higher compared to single tasking. We focused on the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS), the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS), the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, and the immune system. The systematic review has been pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020181415). A total of twenty-five articles were identified as eligible, in which n = 26 studies were reported, with N = 1,142 participants. Our main findings are that SNS activity is significantly higher and PNS activity is significantly lower during MT/DT than during single tasking. Only two studies were found, in which HPA axis (re-)activity was surveyed. No eligible study was identified in which immune system (re-)activity was investigated. This is the first systematic synthesis of the literature base showing that stress system activity is increased during MT/DT in comparison to single-tasking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Becker
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Health Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helena C Kaltenegger
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Health Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Weigl
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Germany.,Institute for Patient Safety, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
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Effect of Lower Limb Muscle Fatigue on Fall Risk for Transfemoral Amputee: A Pilot Study. Occup Ther Int 2021; 2021:4357473. [PMID: 34707468 PMCID: PMC8519703 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4357473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is a decline in muscle maximum force during contraction and can influence the fall risk among people. This study is aimed at identifying the effect of fatigue on prospective fall risk in transfemoral amputees (TFA). Fourteen subjects were involved in this study with TFA (34.7 ± 8.1 yrs, n = 7) and normal subjects (31.1 ± 7.4 yrs, n = 7). Fatigue of lower limb muscles was induced with the fatigue protocol. Subjects were tested prefatigue and postfatigue using the standardized fall risk assessment. All results were calculated and compared between pre- and postfatigue to identify fatigue's effect on both groups of subjects. The results showed that the fall risk increased significantly during pre- and postfatigue for TFA (p = 0.018), while there were no significant differences in normal subjects (p = 0.149). Meanwhile, the fall risk between TFA and normal subjects for prefatigue (p = 0.082) and postfatigue (p = 0.084) also showed no significant differences. The percentage (%) of increased fall risk for TFA was 19.2% compared to normal subjects only 16.7%. However, 61.4% increased of % fall risk in TFA after fatigue by using the baseline of the normal subject as the normalized % of fall risk. The increasing fall risks for TFA after fatigue are three times higher than the potential fall risk in normal subjects. The result indicates that they need to perform more precautions while prolonging lower limb activities. These results showed the implications of fatigue that can increase the fall risk due to muscle fatigue from repetitive and prolonged activities. Therefore, rehabilitation programs can be done very safely and precisely so that therapists can pursue fitness without aggravating existing injuries.
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Kozinc Ž, Trajković N, Smajla D, Šarabon N. The Effect of Fatigue on Single-Leg Postural Sway and Its Transient Characteristics in Healthy Young Adults. Front Physiol 2021; 12:720905. [PMID: 34489739 PMCID: PMC8418113 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.720905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular fatigue is known to impair balance ability, which is reflected in increased postural sway during quiet standing tasks. Recently, quantifying transient characteristics of postural sway has been suggested as an approach to obtain additional information regarding postural control. However, this approach is currently vastly unexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fatigue (induced by a repeated change of direction task) on postural sway and its transient characteristics during single-leg standing, including whole-trial estimates and indexes of transient behavior in young healthy active adults. The study involved 28 physically active students (14 females). Single-leg postural sway was recorded for 30s before and after a fatiguing protocol, which consisted of a repeated change of direction tasks. We calculated the traditional whole-trial estimates of postural sway [center-of-pressure (CoP) velocity and amplitude in anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions] and corresponding transient behavior indexes, based on three 10-s intervals. Statistically significant sex×fatigue interaction with medium effect sizes was found for whole-trial CoP velocity in AP (p=0.028; η2=0.17) and ML directions (p=0.019; η2=0.19). Post-hoc test showed that both variables substantially decreased in female participants (p=0.041–0.045; d=0.54–0.56), but remained similar in males (p=0.194–0.294). There were small to medium statistically significant main effects of fatigue on transient index for CoP amplitude in both directions (p=0.042–0.049; η2=0.02–0.14). Notably, CoP AP amplitude increased in the first 10-s interval for males (before fatigue: 5.6±1.3mm; after fatigue: 6.3±1.6mm), while the CoP AP amplitude in the third interval remained similar after fatigue (before fatigue: 5.5±1.4mm; after fatigue: 5.1±1.2mm). In conclusion, the responses to fatigue in terms of postural sway were time interval specific, and there were certain sex-differences in responses to fatigue, which could be related to better ability to adapt balance strategies in females. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the indexes of transient behavior could perhaps detect smaller fatigue-induced changes in postural sway that are seen in whole-trial estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Kozinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia.,Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Nebojša Trajković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Darjan Smajla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia.,Human Health Department, InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia.,Human Health Department, InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia.,Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Smith DL, Haworth JL, Brooks EK, Cousins JM. Postural Control, Dual Task Performance and Executive Function Following an Ultramarathon. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:2767-2786. [PMID: 34474623 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211044351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As research into the postural and cognitive effects of ultramarathon running is sparse and still needed, we investigated the effect of ultramarathon running on runners' postural control, dual task postural control and a measure of executive function-the flanker test, expecting fatigue-related deterioration on each measure. We used a pre- and post-test research design with 14 runners who completed (a) postural assessment with eyes open and closed, on a flat surface and on foam during (b) a two-choice reaction time dual task postural assessment, and (c) an executive function modified flanker task. With regard to postural stability, we observed, after running, increased anterior-posterior (AP) path length and AP root mean square (RMS) and reductions in both mediolateral (ML) RMS and ML median frequency. Dual task analysis showed reduced ML RMS prior to the race, whereas the effect was absent afterwards. Reaction times were not significantly altered between pre-post or surface conditions assessments. There were no statistically significant differences in mean modified flanker scores before and after the race. These data demonstrated that, following an endurance run, there were plane specific movement adaptations in postural sway that may have resulted from neuroprotective changes under extreme fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean L Smith
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States.,Essence of Wellness Chiropractic Center, Eaton, Ohio, United States
| | - Joshua L Haworth
- Department of Human Movement Science, 6918Oakland University, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States
| | - Eric K Brooks
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
| | - Julie M Cousins
- Department of Kinesiology, 1098Albion College, Albion College, Albion, Michigan, United States
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7
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Renner SW, Cauley JA, Brown PJ, Boudreau RM, Bear TM, Blackwell T, Lane NE, Glynn NW. Higher Fatigue Prospectively Increases the Risk of Falls in Older Men. Innov Aging 2020; 5:igaa061. [PMID: 33442567 PMCID: PMC7788315 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Fatigue is a common complaint and shares many risk factors with falls, yet the independent contribution of fatigue on fall risk is unclear. This study’s primary aim was to assess the association between fatigue and prospective fall risk in 5642 men aged 64–100 enrolled in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS). The secondary aim was to examine the association between fatigue and recurrent fall risk. Research Design and Methods Fatigue was measured at baseline using the Medical Outcomes Study (short form) single-item question “During the past four weeks, how much of the time did you feel energetic?” Responses were then classified: higher fatigue = “none,” “a little,” or “some” of the time and lower fatigue = “a good bit,” “most,” or “all” of the time. We assessed falls using triannual questionnaires. Fall risk was examined prospectively over 3 years; recurrent falling was defined as at least 2 falls within the first year. Generalized estimating equations and multinomial logistic regression modeled prospective and recurrent fall risk as a function of baseline fatigue status, adjusted for demographics, medications, physical activity, and gait speed. Results Men with higher (26%) versus lower baseline fatigue were older (75.1 ± 6.2 vs 73.2 ± 5.7 years), 24% less active, and had worse physical function (gait speed = 1.09 ± 0.24 vs 1.24 ± 0.21 m/s), all p < .0001. Within 1 year, 25.4% (n = 1409) had fallen at least once, of which 47.4% (n = 668) were recurrent fallers. Men with higher versus lower fatigue had 25% increased fall risk (relative risk = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.14–1.36) over 3 years follow-up, but had 50% increased odds of recurrent falling (odds ratio = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.22–1.85) within the first year. Discussion and Implications Fatigue is an important risk factor of falling independent of established risk factors. Reductions in fatigue (ie, increased energy) may lessen the burden of falls in older men and provide a novel avenue for fall risk intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon W Renner
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
| | - Patrick J Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and The New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, US
| | - Robert M Boudreau
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
| | - Todd M Bear
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
| | - Terri Blackwell
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, US
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Departments of Medicine and Rheumatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, US
| | - Nancy W Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
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The Influence of Ski Waist-Width and Fatigue on Knee-Joint Stability and Skier’s Balance. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alpine skiing is a complex sport that demands a high level of motor control and balance. In general, skiers are prone to deterioration in the state of fatigue due to using inappropriate equipment. As a consequence, the risk of injury might increase. This study aimed to examine the influence of fatigue and ski waist-width on knee-joint stability and skier’s balance. A laboratory skiing simulation in a quasistatic ski-turning position was conducted where the lower-limb kinematics was recorded using an optical system, and the balance-determining parameters were captured using a force plate. It was demonstrated that the knee-joint kinematics and skier’s balance were hampered in the state of fatigue, as well as when using skis with a large waist-width. The results of the study suggest avoiding the fatigue state and the use of skis having a large waist-width while skiing on hard surfaces to decrease the risk of injury.
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9
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Mohamadi S, Ebrahimi I, Salavati M, Dadgoo M, Jafarpisheh AS, Rezaeian ZS. Attentional Demands of Postural Control in Chronic Ankle Instability, Copers and Healthy Controls: A Controlled Cross-sectional Study. Gait Posture 2020; 79:183-188. [PMID: 32422558 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that cognitive loading affects postural control in different populations. However, there is limited and conflicting information about dual task challenges on postural control in chronic ankle instability (CAI). RESEARCH QUESTION Does cognitive task performance change standing postural control in individuals with CAI, copers and healthy subjects? METHODS A descriptive, analytic, and controlled cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 individuals. They were assigned into three matched groups, including CAI, copers, and healthy controls. Postural control variables were collected during single leg standing on a force plate with and without vision and cognition. Parameters of center of pressure (COP), including mean COP area, range, sway index and velocity, were measured. Additionally, cognitive task performance by auditory stroop was assessed by calculating the reaction time and error ratio. Mixed model ANOVAs were used to determine the effects of group and testing conditions. RESULTS The CAI group demonstrated greater COP sway parameters compared to other groups under all testing conditions. The main significant effect of vision was observed for all COP parameters with greater COP sway during eyes closed compared to eyes open (P < 0.05). The main effect of a cognitive task was significant with reduced COP sway while performing the secondary cognitive compared to a single task in all three groups (P < 0.05). The cognitive task results revealed significantly longer reaction times in the CAI group compared to copers and healthy individuals (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Considering postural control deficits in CAI, especially in eye-closed condition and effects of cognitive loading, may guide us to improve postural control in those with CAI with neurocognitive training. Furthermore, no difference between coper and healthy groups may imply a successful compensatory postural control mechanism in copers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mohamadi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 13487-15459, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ismail Ebrahimi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahyar Salavati
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Dadgoo
- Department of Physiotherapy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 13487-15459, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Salar Jafarpisheh
- Department of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Sadat Rezaeian
- Department of Physiotherapy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Stephan DN, Hensen S, Fintor E, Krampe R, Koch I. Influences of Postural Control on Cognitive Control in Task Switching. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1153. [PMID: 30344499 PMCID: PMC6182063 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of postural control demands on cognitive control processes in concurrent auditory-manual task switching. To this end, two experiments were conducted using an auditory cued task-switching paradigm with different postural control demands (sitting vs. standing). This design allowed us to explore the effect of postural control on switch costs, mixing costs, and the between-task congruency effect. In addition, we varied the cue-based task preparation in Experiment 1 to examine whether preparation processes are independent of additional postural control demands or if the motor control processes required by the postural control demands interfere with task-specific cognitive preparation processes. The results show that we replicated the standard effects in task switching, such as switch costs, mixing costs, and congruency effects in both experiments as well as a preparation-based reduction of these costs in Experiment 1. Importantly, we demonstrated a selective effect of postural control demands in task switching in terms of an increased congruency effect when standing as compared to sitting. This finding suggests that particularly in situations that require keeping two tasks active in parallel, the postural control demands have an influence on the degree to which cognitive control enforces a more serial (shielded) mode or a somewhat less selective attention mode that allows for more parallel processing of concurrently held active task rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise N Stephan
- Institute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandra Hensen
- Institute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Edina Fintor
- Institute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Krampe
- Brain and Cognition Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iring Koch
- Institute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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11
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Fleddermann MT, Zentgraf K. Tapping the Full Potential? Jumping Performance of Volleyball Athletes in Game-Like Situations. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1375. [PMID: 30131739 PMCID: PMC6090446 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One key issue in elite interactive team sports is the simultaneous execution of motor actions (e.g., dribbling a ball) and perceptual-cognitive tasks (e.g., visually scanning the environment for action choices). In volleyball, one typical situation is to prepare and execute maximal block jumps after multiple-options decision-making and concurrent visual tracking of the ongoing game dynamics to find an optimal blocking location. Based on resource-related dual- and multi-tasking theories simultaneous execution of visual-cognitive and motor tasks may interfere with each other. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether volleyball-specific perceptual-cognitive demands (i.e., divided attention, decision making) affect blocking performance (i.e., jumping performance and length of the first step after the ready-block-position) compared to relatively isolated jumping performance. Methods: Twenty-two elite volleyball players (1st – 3rd German league) performed block jumps in front of a net construction in a single-task condition (ST) and in two perceptual (-cognitive) dual-task conditions including a dual-task low (DT_L; presenting a picture of an opponent attack on a screen) and a dual-task high condition (DT_H; presenting videos of an offensive volleyball set play with a two-alternative choice). Results: The results of repeated-measures ANOVAs showed a significant effect of conditions on jumping performance [F(2,42) = 33.64, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.62] and on the length of the first step after the ready-block-position [F(2,42) = 7.90, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.27). Post hoc comparisons showed that jumping performance in DT_H (p < 0.001) and DT_L (p < 0.001) was significantly lower than in ST. Also, length of the first step after the ready-block-position in DT_H (p = 0.005) and DT_L (p = 0.028) was significantly shorter than in ST. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that blocking performance (i.e., jumping height, length of the first step) decreases in elite volleyball players when a perceptual (-cognitive) load is added. Based on the theory of Wickens (2002), this suggests a resource overlap between visual-processing demands for motor performance and for tracking the dynamics of the game. Interference with the consequence of dual-task related performance costs can therefore also be found in elite athletes in their specific motor expert domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Fleddermann
- Department of Movement Science and Training in Sports, Institute of Sport Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karen Zentgraf
- Department of Movement Science and Training in Sports, Institute of Sport Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Kiss R, Brueckner D, Muehlbauer T. Effects of Single Compared to Dual Task Practice on Learning a Dynamic Balance Task in Young Adults. Front Psychol 2018; 9:311. [PMID: 29593614 PMCID: PMC5857582 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In everyday life, people engage in situations involving the concurrent processing of motor (balance) and cognitive tasks (i.e., “dual task situations”) that result in performance declines in at least one of the given tasks. The concurrent practice of both the motor and cognitive task may counteract these performance decrements. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of single task (ST) compared to dual task (DT) practice on learning a dynamic balance task. Methods: Forty-eight young adults were randomly assigned to either a ST (i.e., motor or cognitive task training only) or a DT (i.e., motor-cognitive training) practice condition. The motor task required participants to stand on a platform and keeping the platform as close to horizontal as possible. In the cognitive task, participants were asked to recite serial subtractions of three. For 2 days, participants of the ST groups practiced the motor or cognitive task only, while the participants of the DT group concurrently performed both. Root-mean-square error (RMSE) for the motor and total number of correct calculations for the cognitive task were computed. Results: During practice, all groups improved their respective balance and/or cognitive task performance. With regard to the assessment of learning on day 3, we found significantly smaller RMSE values for the ST motor (d = 1.31) and the DT motor-cognitive (d = 0.76) practice group compared to the ST cognitive practice group but not between the ST motor and the DT motor-cognitive practice group under DT test condition. Further, we detected significantly larger total numbers of correct calculations under DT test condition for the ST cognitive (d = 2.19) and the DT motor-cognitive (d = 1.55) practice group compared to the ST motor practice group but not between the ST cognitive and the DT motor-cognitive practice group. Conclusion: We conclude that ST practice resulted in an effective modulation of the trained domain (i.e., motor or cognitive) while only DT practice resulted in an effective modulation of both domains (i.e., motor and cognitive). Thus, particularly DT practice frees up central resources that were used for an effective modulation of motor and cognitive processing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kiss
- Department of Health and Social Affairs, FHM Bielefeld, University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Brueckner
- Division of Sports Medicine and Engineering, Hochschule Koblenz, University of Applied Sciences, Remagen, Germany.,Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Muehlbauer
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Bermejo JL, García-Massó X, Paillard T, Noé F. Fatigue does not conjointly alter postural and cognitive performance when standing in a shooting position under dual-task conditions. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:429-435. [PMID: 28368719 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1313443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of fatigue on balance control and cognitive performance in a standing shooting position. Nineteen soldiers were asked to stand while holding a rifle (single task - ST). They also had to perform this postural task while simultaneously completing a cognitive task (dual task - DT). Both the ST and DT were performed in pre- and post-fatigue conditions. In pre-fatigue, participants achieved better balance control in the DT than in the ST, thus suggesting that the increased cognitive activity associated with the DT improves balance control by shifting the attentional focus away from a highly automatised activity. In post-fatigue, balance control was degraded in both the ST and DT, while reaction time was enhanced in the first minutes following the fatiguing exercise without affecting the accuracy of response in the cognitive task, which highlights the relative independent effects of fatigue on balance control and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Bermejo
- a Department of physical activity and sport sciences , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Xavier García-Massó
- b Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Thierry Paillard
- c Laboratoire Mouvement, Equilibre, Performance, Santé (EA 4445) , Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Département STAPS , Tarbes , France
| | - Frédéric Noé
- c Laboratoire Mouvement, Equilibre, Performance, Santé (EA 4445) , Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Département STAPS , Tarbes , France
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