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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Arif T, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A. Apoptotic proteins with non-apoptotic activity: expression and function in cancer. Apoptosis 2023; 28:730-753. [PMID: 37014578 PMCID: PMC10071271 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01835-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death in which a cell commits suicide while maintaining the integrity and architecture of the tissue as a whole. Apoptosis involves activation of one of two major pathways: the extrinsic pathway, where extracellular pro-apoptotic signals, transduced through plasma membrane death receptors, activate a caspase cascade leading to apoptosis. The second, the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, where damaged DNA, oxidative stress, or chemicals, induce the release of pro-apoptotic proteins from the mitochondria, leading to the activation of caspase-dependent and independent apoptosis. However, it has recently become apparent that proteins involved in apoptosis also exhibit non-cell death-related physiological functions that are related to the cell cycle, differentiation, metabolism, inflammation or immunity. Such non-conventional activities were predominantly reported in non-cancer cells although, recently, such a dual function for pro-apoptotic proteins has also been reported in cancers where they are overexpressed. Interestingly, some apoptotic proteins translocate to the nucleus in order to perform a non-apoptotic function. In this review, we summarize the unconventional roles of the apoptotic proteins from a functional perspective, while focusing on two mitochondrial proteins: VDAC1 and SMAC/Diablo. Despite having pro-apoptotic functions, these proteins are overexpressed in cancers and this apparent paradox and the associated pathophysiological implications will be discussed. We will also present possible mechanisms underlying the switch from apoptotic to non-apoptotic activities although a deeper investigation into the process awaits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel.
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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2
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Ma Z, Song J, Hua Y, Wang Y, Cao W, Wang H, Hou L. The role of DDX46 in breast cancer proliferation and invasiveness: A potential therapeutic target. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:283-291. [PMID: 36200534 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
DDX46, a member of DEAD-box (DDX) proteins, is associated with various cancers, while its involvement in the pathogenesis of breast cancer hasn't been reported so far. The study demonstrated the overexpression of DDX46 in human breast cancer cells and tissue samples, and correlated with high histological grade and lymph node metastasis. Downregulation of DDX46 in the breast cancer cell lines inhibited their proliferation and invasiveness in vitro. Furthermore, the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenografts was suppressed in nude mice by DDX46 knockingdown. Taken together, our findings suggest that DDX46 is an oncogenic factor in human breast cancer, and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Ma
- Department of Breast Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinlian Song
- Department of Laboratory, Qingdao University Affiliated Qingdao Women and Childrens Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanan Hua
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Breast Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weihong Cao
- Department of Breast Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Breast Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Qingdao University Medical College
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3
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Bonaventure B, Goujon C. DExH/D-box helicases at the frontline of intrinsic and innate immunity against viral infections. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 36006669 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DExH/D-box helicases are essential nucleic acid and ribonucleoprotein remodelers involved in all aspects of nucleic acid metabolism including replication, gene expression and post-transcriptional modifications. In parallel to their importance in basic cellular functions, DExH/D-box helicases play multiple roles in viral life cycles, with some of them highjacked by viruses or negatively regulating innate immune activation. However, other DExH/D-box helicases have recurrently been highlighted as direct antiviral effectors or as positive regulators of innate immune activation. Innate immunity relies on the ability of Pathogen Recognition Receptors to recognize viral signatures and trigger the production of interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Secreted IFNs interact with their receptors to establish antiviral cellular reprogramming via expression regulation of the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Several DExH/D-box helicases have been reported to act as viral sensors (DDX3, DDX41, DHX9, DDX1/DDX21/DHX36 complex), and others to play roles in innate immune activation (DDX60, DDX60L, DDX23). In contrast, the DDX39A, DDX46, DDX5 and DDX24 helicases act as negative regulators and impede IFN production upon viral infection. Beyond their role in viral sensing, the ISGs DDX60 and DDX60L act as viral inhibitors. Interestingly, the constitutively expressed DEAD-box helicases DDX56, DDX17, DDX42 intrinsically restrict viral replication. Hence, DExH/D-box helicases appear to form a multilayer network of primary and secondary factors involved in both intrinsic and innate antiviral immunity. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the extent of antiviral defences played by helicases and emphasize the need to better understand their immune functions as well as their complex interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bonaventure
- IRIM, CNRS, Montpellier University, France.,Present address: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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C Andrade A, Freitas TR, Dornelas GG, Gomes LC, Barbosa BL, Araújo SS, Gomes KB, Sabino AP. miR-197, miR-26a and miR-27a analysis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Biomark Med 2022; 16:903-914. [PMID: 35833845 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) involves the proliferation and increase of B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, bone marrow and lymphoid organs. This study evaluated the microRNAs miR-197, miR-26a and miR-27a as potential biomarkers for CLL. Patients & Methods: Eighty-two patients with CLL and 62 control subjects (CT) were investigated for these targets, using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results: A significant reduction of all microRNAs was observed in CLL compared to the controls (p < 0.001). Significant negative correlations were observed for the clinical staging groups. After adjusting for multiple logistic regression analysis, miR-197 and miR-26a remained as possible independent risk factors related to the CLL. Conclusions: Our data indicated good performance of this microRNAs as potential biomarkers in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Andrade
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627, Presidente Antônio Carlos Ave, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Tulio R Freitas
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627, Presidente Antônio Carlos Ave, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Geovana G Dornelas
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627, Presidente Antônio Carlos Ave, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sérgio Ss Araújo
- Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Presidente Antônio Carlos Ave, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Karina B Gomes
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627, Presidente Antônio Carlos Ave, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Adriano P Sabino
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627, Presidente Antônio Carlos Ave, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
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Gomes LC, Resende RR, Parreira RC, Ferreira CN, Reis EA, Duarte RCF, Alves LCV, Araújo SSDS, Carvalho MDG, Sabino ADP. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): evaluation of AKT protein kinase and microRNA gene expression related to disease pathogenesis. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Marker Genes and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091339. [PMID: 34573320 PMCID: PMC8467453 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare cardiovascular disease with very high mortality rate. The currently available therapeutic strategies, which improve symptoms, cannot fundamentally reverse the condition. Thus, new therapeutic strategies need to be established. Our research analyzed three microarray datasets of lung tissues from human PAH samples retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We combined two datasets for subsequent analyses, with the batch effects removed. In the merged dataset, 542 DEGs were identified and the key module relevant to PAH was selected using WGCNA. GO and KEGG analyses of DEGs and the key module indicated that the pre-ribosome, ribosome biogenesis, centriole, ATPase activity, helicase activity, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, melanoma, and dilated cardiomyopathy pathways are involved in PAH. With the filtering standard (|MM| > 0.95 and |GS| > 0.90), 70 hub genes were identified. Subsequently, five candidate marker genes (CDC5L, AP3B1, ZFYVE16, DDX46, and PHAX) in the key module were found through overlapping with the top thirty genes calculated by two different methods in CytoHubb. Two of them (CDC5L and DDX46) were found to be significantly upregulated both in the merged dataset and the validating dataset in PAH patients. Meanwhile, expression of the selected genes in lung from PAH chicken measured by qRT-PCR and the ROC curve analyses further verified the potential marker genes' predictive value for PAH. In conclusion, CDC5L and DDX46 may be marker genes and potential therapeutic targets for PAH.
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Letkovska K, Babal P, Cierna Z, Schmidtova S, Liskova V, Kalavska K, Miskovska V, Horak S, Rejlekova K, Chovanec M, Mardiak J, Janega P, Mego M. Prognostic Value of Apoptosis-Inducing Factor (AIF) in Germ Cell Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040776. [PMID: 33668443 PMCID: PMC7917670 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common solid malignancies in young men. GCTs are extraordinary sensitive to chemotherapy and represent a model of curable cancer. However, in a small proportion of patients the disease progresses or relapses despite administration of salvage chemotherapy. Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. It is well established that dysregulation of apoptosis plays an important role in pathogenesis of malignant diseases and may be associated with tumor progression and resistance to cytotoxic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate expression of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in GCTs. We observed lower AIF expression in GCTs compared to normal testicular tissue. We also showed prognostic significance of AIF in GCTs. AIF downregulation might represent one of the mechanisms of inhibition of apoptosis with subsequent facilitation of cell survival and metastatic dissemination of GCTs and perhaps could serve as a potential therapeutic target. Abstract Apoptosis is a strictly regulated process essential for preservation of tissue homeostasis. This study aimed to evaluate expression of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) and to correlate expression patterns with clinicopathological variables. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens of non-neoplastic testicular tissue and GCTs obtained from 216 patients were included in the study. AIF expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, scored by the multiplicative quickscore method (QS). Normal testicular tissue exhibits higher cytoplasmic granular expression of AIF compared to GCTs (mean QS = 12.77 vs. 4.80, p < 0.0001). Among invasive GCTs, mean QS was the highest in embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor and seminoma, lower in teratoma and the lowest in choriocarcinoma. No nuclear translocation of AIF was observed. Nonpulmonary visceral metastases were associated with lower AIF expression. Metastatic GCTs patients with high AIF expression had better overall survival compared to patients with low AIF expression (HR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.11–0.62, p = 0.048). We observed significantly lower AIF expression in GCTs compared to normal testicular tissue, which is an uncommon finding in malignant tumors. AIF downregulation might represent one of the mechanisms of inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of cell survival in GCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Letkovska
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.L.); (P.B.); (Z.C.); (S.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Pavel Babal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.L.); (P.B.); (Z.C.); (S.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Zuzana Cierna
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.L.); (P.B.); (Z.C.); (S.H.); (P.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty Hospital, A. Zarnova, 917 75 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Schmidtova
- Translational Research Unit, 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (K.K.)
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 814 39 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Liskova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Katarína Kalavska
- Translational Research Unit, 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (K.K.)
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 814 39 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vera Miskovska
- 1st Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Samuel Horak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.L.); (P.B.); (Z.C.); (S.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Katarina Rejlekova
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (M.C.); (J.M.)
| | - Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (M.C.); (J.M.)
| | - Jozef Mardiak
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (M.C.); (J.M.)
| | - Pavel Janega
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.L.); (P.B.); (Z.C.); (S.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Michal Mego
- Translational Research Unit, 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (K.K.)
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (M.C.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-59378366; Fax: +421-2-54774943
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Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:91. [PMID: 31750312 PMCID: PMC6843074 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K. Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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9
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Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019. [PMID: 31750312 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Sortilin as a Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biomarker in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2019; 11:270-276. [PMID: 31908734 PMCID: PMC6925395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overexpression of sortilin/neurotensin receptor 3 has previously been reported in various human solid tumors but not in hematological malignancies. Here, we report the overexpression of sortilin in leukemic cells from patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). METHODS Flow cytometry was used to compare the expression of sortilin in CLL patients (n=52) and healthy individuals (n=26). Also, in vitro apoptosis induction was assessed in CLL Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMCs) following directly targeting of sortilin. RESULTS The results showed a significant expression of sortilin on the surface of CLL PBMCs (range from 2.2 to 71.5%) in comparison to healthy individuals (range from 0.03 to 7.4%) (p≤0.0001). The optimal cut-off value of sortilin expression was determined at 7.2% with high sensitivity and specificity. Treatment of leukemic cells with anti-sortilin antibody could induce apoptosis without any effect on normal cells. CONCLUSION Apoptosis induction in CLL cells together with a significant correlation between the expression of sortilin and CD23 represent a possible functional role of sortilin in leukemogenesis of CLL cells. Therefore, sortilin might be considered as a promising novel biomarker in diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy of patients with CLL.
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11
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Krelin Y, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Arif T. Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 As an Emerging Drug Target for Novel Anti-Cancer Therapeutics. Front Oncol 2017; 7:154. [PMID: 28824871 PMCID: PMC5534932 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells share several properties, high proliferation potential, reprogramed metabolism, and resistance to apoptotic cues. Acquiring these hallmarks involves changes in key oncogenes and non-oncogenes essential for cancer cell survival and prosperity, and is accompanied by the increased energy requirements of proliferating cells. Mitochondria occupy a central position in cell life and death with mitochondrial bioenergetics, biosynthesis, and signaling are critical for tumorigenesis. Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) is situated in the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and serving as a mitochondrial gatekeeper. VDAC1 allowing the transfer of metabolites, fatty acid ions, Ca2+, reactive oxygen species, and cholesterol across the OMM and is a key player in mitochondrial-mediate apoptosis. Moreover, VDAC1 serves as a hub protein, interacting with diverse sets of proteins from the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria that together regulate metabolic and signaling pathways. The observation that VDAC1 is over-expressed in many cancers suggests that the protein may play a pivotal role in cancer cell survival. However, VDAC1 is also important in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, mediating release of apoptotic proteins and interacting with anti-apoptotic proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-xL, and hexokinase (HK), which are also highly expressed in many cancers. Strategically located in a “bottleneck” position, controlling metabolic homeostasis and apoptosis, VDAC1 thus represents an emerging target for anti-cancer drugs. This review presents an overview on the multi-functional mitochondrial protein VDAC1 performing several functions and interacting with distinct sets of partners to regulate both cell life and death, and highlights the importance of the protein for cancer cell survival. We address recent results related to the mechanisms of VDAC1-mediated apoptosis and the potential of associated proteins to modulate of VDAC1 activity, with the aim of developing VDAC1-based approaches. The first strategy involves modification of cell metabolism using VDAC1-specific small interfering RNA leading to inhibition of cancer cell and tumor growth and reversed oncogenic properties. The second strategy involves activation of cancer cell death using VDAC1-based peptides that prevent cell death induction by anti-apoptotic proteins. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic benefits of treatments and drugs leading to enhanced VDAC1 expression or targeting VDAC1 to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yakov Krelin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Dehghan-Nayeri N, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Omrani MD, Gharehbaghian A, Goudarzi Pour K, Eshghi P. Identification of potential predictive markers of dexamethasone resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Cell Commun Signal 2016; 11:137-145. [PMID: 27778231 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Response to dexamethasone (DEXA), as a hallmark drug in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is one of the pivotal prognostic factors in the prediction of outcome in ALL. Identification of predictive markers of chemoresistance is beneficial to selecting of the best therapeutic protocol with the lowest effect adverse. Hence, we aimed to find drug targets using the 2DE/MS proteomics study of a DEXA-resistant cell line (REH) as a model for poor DEXA responding patients before and after drug treatment. Using the proteomic methods, three differentially expressed proteins were detected, including voltage dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), sorting Nexin 3 (SNX3), and prefoldin subunit 6 (PFDN6). We observed low expression of three proteins after DEXA treatment in REH cells. We subsequently verified low expression of resulted proteins at the mRNA level using the quantitative PCR method. These proteins are promising proteins because of their important roles in drug resistance and regulation of apoptosis (VDAC1), protein trafficking (SNX3), and protein folding (PFDN6). Additionally, mRNA expression level of these proteins was assessed in 17 bone marrow samples from children with newly diagnosed ALL and 7 non-cancerous samples as controls. The results indicated that independent of the molecular subtypes of leukemia, mRNA expression of VDAC1, SNX3, and PFDN6 decreased in ALL samples compared with non-cancerous samples particularly in VDAC1 (p < 0.001). Additionally, mRNA expression of three proteins was also declined in high-risk samples compared with standard risk cases. These results demonstrated diagnostic and prognostic value of these proteins in childhood ALL. Furthermore, investigation of protein-protein interaction using STRING database indicated that these proteins involved in the signaling pathway of NR3C1 as dexamethasone target. In conclusion, our proteomic study in DEXA resistant leukemic cells revealed VDAC1, SNX3, and PFDN6 are promising proteins that might serve as potential biomarkers of prognosis and chemotherapy in childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Dehghan-Nayeri
- Proteomics Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gharehbaghian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kourosh Goudarzi Pour
- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Peyman Eshghi
- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jiang F, Zhang D, Li G, Wang X. Knockdown of DDX46 Inhibits the Invasion and Tumorigenesis in Osteosarcoma Cells. Oncol Res 2016; 25:417-425. [PMID: 27697093 PMCID: PMC7841134 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14747253292210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DDX46, a member of the DEAD-box (DDX) helicase family, is involved in the development of several tumors. However, the exact role of DDX46 in osteosarcoma and the underlying mechanisms in tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. Thus, in the present study, we explored the role of DDX46 in osteosarcoma and the underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that the expression levels of DDX46 in both mRNA and protein were greatly elevated in human osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of DDX46 obviously inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo. In addition, knockdown of DDX46 also significantly suppressed migration and invasion in osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, knockdown of DDX46 substantially downregulated the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt in SaOS2 cells. In summary, the present results have revealed that DDX46 plays an important role in osteosarcoma growth and metastasis. Knockdown of DDX46 inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Therefore, DDX46 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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