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Gulias JF, Niesi F, Arán M, Correa-García S, Bermúdez-Moretti M. Gcn4 impacts metabolic fluxes to promote yeast chronological lifespan. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292949. [PMID: 37831681 PMCID: PMC10575530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a gradual decline in physiological integrity, which impairs functionality and increases susceptibility to mortality. Dietary restriction, mimicking nutrient scarcity without causing malnutrition, is an intervention known to decelerate the aging process. While various hypotheses have been proposed to elucidate how dietary restriction influences aging, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This project aimed to investigate the role of the primary regulator of the general amino acid control (GAAC) pathway, the transcription factor Gcn4, in the aging process of S. cerevisiae cells. Under conditions of amino acid deprivation, which activate Gcn4, the deletion of GCN4 led to a diverse array of physiological changes in the cells. Notably, the absence of Gcn4 resulted in heightened mitochondrial activity, likely contributing to the observed increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Furthermore, these mutant gcn4Δ cells exhibited reduced ethanol production despite maintaining similar glucose consumption rates, suggesting a pivotal role for Gcn4 in regulating the Crabtree effect. Additionally, there was a marked reduction in trehalose, the storage carbohydrate, within the mutant cells compared to the wild-type strain. The intracellular content of free amino acids also exhibited disparities between the wild-type and GCN4-deficient strains. Taken together, our findings indicate that the absence of GCN4 disrupts cellular homeostasis, triggering significant alterations in interconnected intracellular metabolic pathways. These disruptions have far-reaching metabolic consequences that ultimately culminate in a shortened lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Facundo Gulias
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina–CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Niesi
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina–CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Arán
- Fundación Instituto Leloir e Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA)—CONICET, Patricias Argentinas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Correa-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina–CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Bermúdez-Moretti
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina–CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bresgen N, Kovacs M, Lahnsteiner A, Felder TK, Rinnerthaler M. The Janus-Faced Role of Lipid Droplets in Aging: Insights from the Cellular Perspective. Biomolecules 2023; 13:912. [PMID: 37371492 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that nine hallmarks-including mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, and loss of proteostasis-exist that describe the cellular aging process. Adding to this, a well-described cell organelle in the metabolic context, namely, lipid droplets, also accumulates with increasing age, which can be regarded as a further aging-associated process. Independently of their essential role as fat stores, lipid droplets are also able to control cell integrity by mitigating lipotoxic and proteotoxic insults. As we will show in this review, numerous longevity interventions (such as mTOR inhibition) also lead to strong accumulation of lipid droplets in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian cells, just to name a few examples. In mammals, due to the variety of different cell types and tissues, the role of lipid droplets during the aging process is much more complex. Using selected diseases associated with aging, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, we show that lipid droplets are "Janus"-faced. In an early phase of the disease, lipid droplets mitigate the toxicity of lipid peroxidation and protein aggregates, but in a later phase of the disease, a strong accumulation of lipid droplets can cause problems for cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Bresgen
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Melanie Kovacs
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Angelika Lahnsteiner
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Klaus Felder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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3
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Câmara AA, Sant’Ana AS. Advances in yeast preservation: physiological aspects for cell perpetuation. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Petkovic J, Kojic M, Milisavljevic M. Self-Generated Hypoxia Leads to Oxidative Stress and Massive Death in Ustilago maydis Populations under Extreme Starvation and Oxygen-Limited Conditions. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020092. [PMID: 33525319 PMCID: PMC7912166 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ustilago maydis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae differ considerably in their response to water-transfer treatments. When stationary phase cells were transferred to pure water and incubated under limited supply of oxygen, the U. maydis cells suffered a catastrophic loss of viability while the S. cerevisiae population was virtually unaffected by the treatment. The major factor underlying the death of the U. maydis cells under those conditions was an oxygen-consuming cellular activity that generated a hypoxic environment, thereby inducing oxidative stress and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which resulted in lethality. Importantly, a small residue of U. maydis cells that did survive was able to resume growth and repopulate up to the initial culture density when sufficient aeration was restored. The regrowth was dependent on the cellular factors (Adr1, Did4, Kel1, and Tbp1), previously identified as required for repopulation, after killing with hydrogen peroxide. Surprisingly, the survivors were also able to resume growth under apparently hypoxic conditions, indicating that these remnant cells likely switched to a fermentative mode of growth. We discuss the findings in terms of their possible relevance to the eco-evolutionary adaptation of U. maydis to risky environments.
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Chadwick SR, Fazio EN, Etedali-Zadeh P, Genereaux J, Duennwald ML, Lajoie P. A functional unfolded protein response is required for chronological aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 2019; 66:263-277. [PMID: 31346745 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Progressive impairment of proteostasis and accumulation of toxic misfolded proteins are associated with the cellular aging process. Here, we employed chronologically aged yeast cells to investigate how activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) upon accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) affects lifespan. We found that cells lacking a functional UPR display a significantly reduced chronological lifespan, which contrasts previous findings in models of replicative aging. We find exacerbated UPR activation in aged cells, indicating an increase in misfolded protein burden in the ER during the course of aging. We also observed that caloric restriction, which promotes longevity in various model organisms, extends lifespan of UPR-deficient strains. Similarly, aging in pH-buffered media extends lifespan, albeit independently of the UPR. Thus, our data support a role for caloric restriction and reduced acid stress in improving ER homeostasis during aging. Finally, we show that UPR-mediated upregulation of the ER chaperone Kar2 and functional ER-associated degradation (ERAD) are essential for proper aging. Our work documents the central role of secretory protein homeostasis in chronological aging in yeast and highlights that the requirement for a functional UPR can differ between post-mitotic and actively dividing eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Chadwick
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Elena N Fazio
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Parnian Etedali-Zadeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Julie Genereaux
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Martin L Duennwald
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Patrick Lajoie
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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van der Laan KJ, Naulleau J, Damle VG, Sigaeva A, Jamot N, Perona-Martinez FP, Chipaux M, Schirhagl R. Toward Using Fluorescent Nanodiamonds To Study Chronological Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13506-13513. [PMID: 30345733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the theories aiming to explain cellular aging is the free radical theory of aging, which describes the possible role of increased production and accumulation of free radicals. Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are proposed to provide a tool to detect these radicals, as they function as magnetic sensors that change their optical properties depending on their magnetic surrounding. Therefore, they could enable the study of aging at a molecular level and unravel the exact role of free radicals in this process. In this study, important steps toward this goal are made. FNDs are introduced in chronologically aging yeast cells. Furthermore, the behavior of FNDs in these aging cells is studied to demonstrate the potency of using FNDs in the search for causes of cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran J van der Laan
- University Medical Center Groningen , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AW Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Julie Naulleau
- University Medical Center Groningen , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AW Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Viraj G Damle
- University Medical Center Groningen , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AW Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Alina Sigaeva
- University Medical Center Groningen , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AW Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Jamot
- University Medical Center Groningen , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AW Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Felipe P Perona-Martinez
- University Medical Center Groningen , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AW Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Mayeul Chipaux
- University Medical Center Groningen , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AW Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- University Medical Center Groningen , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AW Groningen , The Netherlands
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Di Gregorio SE, Duennwald ML. Yeast as a model to study protein misfolding in aged cells. FEMS Yeast Res 2018; 18:4996350. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja E Di Gregorio
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Martin L Duennwald
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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Chuartzman SG, Schuldiner M. Database for High Throughput Screening Hits (dHITS): a simple tool to retrieve gene specific phenotypes from systematic screens done in yeast. Yeast 2018; 35:477-483. [PMID: 29574976 PMCID: PMC6055851 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade several collections of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains have been created. In these collections every gene is modified in a similar manner such as by a deletion or the addition of a protein tag. Such libraries have enabled a diversity of systematic screens, giving rise to large amounts of information regarding gene functions. However, often papers describing such screens focus on a single gene or a small set of genes and all other loci affecting the phenotype of choice (‘hits’) are only mentioned in tables that are provided as supplementary material and are often hard to retrieve or search. To help unify and make such data accessible, we have created a Database of High Throughput Screening Hits (dHITS). The dHITS database enables information to be obtained about screens in which genes of interest were found as well as the other genes that came up in that screen – all in a readily accessible and downloadable format. The ability to query large lists of genes at the same time provides a platform to easily analyse hits obtained from transcriptional analyses or other screens. We hope that this platform will serve as a tool to facilitate investigation of protein functions to the yeast community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia G Chuartzman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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