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Ciesielska P, Lasota S, Bobis-Wozowicz S, Madeja Z. The role of TGF-β in the electrotactic reaction of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts in vitro. Acta Biochim Pol 2024; 71:12993. [PMID: 38983797 PMCID: PMC11231101 DOI: 10.3389/abp.2024.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous electric fields (EFs) serve as a crucial signal to guide cell movement in processes such as wound healing, embryonic development, and cancer metastasis. However, the mechanism underlying cell electrotaxis remains poorly understood. A plausible hypothesis suggests that electrophoretic or electroosmotic forces may rearrange charged components of the cell membrane, including receptors for chemoattractants which induce asymmetric signaling and directional motility. This study aimed to explore the role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) signaling in the electrotactic reaction of 3T3 fibroblasts. Our findings indicate that inhibiting canonical and several non-canonical signaling pathways originating from the activated TGF-β receptor does not hinder the directed migration of 3T3 cells to the cathode. Furthermore, suppression of TGF-β receptor expression does not eliminate the directional migration effect of 3T3 cells in the electric field. Additionally, there is no observed redistribution of the TGF-β receptor in the electric field. However, our studies affirm the significant involvement of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) in electrotaxis, suggesting that in our model, its activation is likely associated with factors independent of TGFβ action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Ciesielska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Slawomir Lasota
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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2
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Lasota S, Zimolag E, Bobis-Wozowicz S, Pilipiuk J, Madeja Z. The dynamics of the electrotactic reaction of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119647. [PMID: 38092134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms behind electrotaxis remain largely unknown, with no identified primary direct current electric field (dcEF) sensor. Two leading hypotheses propose mechanisms involving the redistribution of charged components in the cell membrane (driven by electrophoresis or electroosmosis) and the asymmetric activation of ion channels. To investigate these mechanisms, we studied the dynamics of electrotactic behaviour of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. We observed that 3T3 fibroblasts exhibit cathodal migration within just 1 min when exposed to physiological dcEF. This rapid response suggests the involvement of ion channels in the cell membrane. Our large-scale screening method identified several ion channel genes as potential key players, including the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.2. Blocking the Kir channel family with Ba2+ or silencing the Kcnj15 gene, encoding Kir4.2, significantly reduced the directional migration of 3T3 cells. Additionally, the levels of the intracellular regulators of Kir channels, spermine (SPM) and spermidine (SPD), had a significant impact on cell directionality. Interestingly, inhibiting Kir4.2 resulted in the temporary cessation of electrotaxis for approximately 1-2 h before its return. This observation suggests a two-phase mechanism for the electrotaxis of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, where ion channel activation triggers the initial rapid response to dcEF, and the subsequent redistribution of membrane receptors sustains long-term directional movement. In summary, our study unveils the involvement of Kir channels and proposes a biphasic mechanism to explain the electrotactic behaviour of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, shedding light on the molecular underpinnings of electrotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Lasota
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Eliza Zimolag
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jagoda Pilipiuk
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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3
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Mielnicka A, Kołodziej T, Dziob D, Lasota S, Sroka J, Rajfur Z. Impact of elastic substrate on the dynamic heterogeneity of WC256 Walker carcinosarcoma cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15743. [PMID: 37735532 PMCID: PMC10514059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity is a phenomenon in which cell populations are composed of subpopulations that vary in their behavior. Heterogeneity is particularly pronounced in cancer cells and can affect the efficacy of oncological therapies. Previous studies have considered heterogeneity dynamics to be indicative of evolutionary changes within subpopulations; however, these studies do not consider the short-time morphological plasticity of cells. Physical properties of the microenvironment elasticity have also been poorly investigated within the context of cellular heterogeneity, despite its role in determining cellular behavior. This article demonstrates that cellular heterogeneity can be highly dynamic and dependent on the micromechanical properties of the substrate. During observation, migrating Walker carcinosarcoma WC256 cells were observed to belong to different subpopulations, in which their morphologies and migration strategies differed. Furthermore, the application of an elastic substrate (E = 40 kPa) modified three aspects of cellular heterogeneity: the occurrence of subpopulations, the occurrence of transitions between subpopulations, and cellular migration and morphology. These findings provide a new perspective in the analysis of cellular heterogeneity, whereby it may not be a static feature of cancer cell populations, instead varying over time. This helps further the understanding of cancer cell behavior, including their phenotype and migration strategy, which may help to improve cancer therapies by extending their suitability to investigate tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mielnicka
- Department of Molecular and Interfacial Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, ul. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- BRAINCITY, Laboratory of Neurobiology, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, ul. Ludwika Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kołodziej
- Department of Molecular and Interfacial Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, ul. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Daniel Dziob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sławomir Lasota
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jolanta Sroka
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Department of Molecular and Interfacial Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, ul. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
- Jagiellonian Center of Biomedical Imaging, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
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4
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Pavlenko A, Lasota S, Wnuk D, Paw M, Czyż J, Michalik M, Madeja Z. Bronchial Fibroblasts from Asthmatic Patients Display Impaired Responsiveness to Direct Current Electric Fields (dcEFs). Biomedicines 2023; 11:2138. [PMID: 37626635 PMCID: PMC10452584 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that an important role is played by electric signals in modifying cell behaviour during developmental, regenerative and pathological processes. However, their role in asthma has not yet been addressed. Bronchial fibroblasts have recently been identified having important roles in asthma development. Therefore, we adapted an experimental approach based on the lineages of human bronchial fibroblasts (HBF) derived from non-asthmatic (NA) donors and asthmatic (AS) patients to elucidate whether their reactivity to direct current electric fields (dcEF) could participate in the asthmatic process. The efficient responsiveness of NA HBF to an electric field in the range of 2-4 V/cm was illustrated based on the perpendicular orientation of long axes of the cells to the field lines and their directional movement towards the anode. These responses were related to the activity of TGF-β signalling, as the electrotaxis and re-orientation of NA HBF polarity was impaired by the inhibitors of canonical and non-canonical TGF-β-dependent pathways. A similar tendency towards perpendicular cell-dcEF orientation was observed for AS HBF. However, their motility remained insensitive to the electric field applied at 2-4 V/cm. Collectively, these observations demonstrate the sensitivity of NA HBF to dcEF, as well as the inter-relations between this parameter and the canonical and non-canonical TGF-β pathways, and the differences between the electrotactic responses of NA and AS HBF point to the possible role of their dcEFs in desensitisation in the asthmatic process. This process may impair the physiologic behaviour of AS HBF functions, including cell motility, ECM deposition, and contractility, thus promoting bronchial wall remodelling, which is a characteristic of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sławomir Lasota
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (Z.M.); Tel.: +48-126-646-143 (S.L.); +48-126-646-142 (Z.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (A.P.); (D.W.); (M.P.); (J.C.); (M.M.)
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5
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Shenoy PA, Kuo A, Leparc G, Hildebrandt T, Rust W, Nicholson JR, Corradini L, Vetter I, Smith MT. Transcriptomic characterisation of the optimised rat model of Walker 256 breast cancer cell-induced bone pain. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:1201-1215. [PMID: 31429474 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In patients with breast cancer, metastases of cancer cells to the axial skeleton may cause excruciating pain, particularly in the advanced stages. The current drug treatments available to alleviate this debilitating pain condition often lack efficacy and/or produce undesirable side effects. Preclinical animal models of cancer-induced bone pain are key to studying the mechanisms that cause this pain and for the success of drug discovery programs. In a previous study conducted in our laboratory, we validated and characterised the rat model of Walker 256 cell-induced bone pain, which displayed several key resemblances to the human pain condition. However, gene level changes that occur in the pathophysiology of cancer-induced bone pain in this preclinical model are unknown. Hence, in this study, we performed the transcriptomic characterisation of the Walker 256 cell line cultured in vitro to predict the molecular genetic profile of this cell line. We also performed transcriptomic characterisation of the Walker 256 cell-induced bone pain model in rats using the lumbar spinal cord and lumbar dorsal root ganglia tissues. Here we show that the Walker 256 cell line resembles the basal-B molecular subtype of human breast cancer cell lines. We also identify several genes that may underpin the progression of pain hypersensitivities in this condition, however, this needs further confirmatory studies. These transcriptomic insights have the potential to direct future studies aimed at identifying various mechanisms underpinning pain hypersensitivities in this model that may also assist in discovery of novel pain therapeutics for breast cancer-induced bone pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyank A Shenoy
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andy Kuo
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - German Leparc
- Target Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Tobias Hildebrandt
- Target Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Werner Rust
- Target Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Janet R Nicholson
- Department of CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Laura Corradini
- Department of CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maree T Smith
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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6
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Romero-Garcia S, Prado-Garcia H. Mitochondrial calcium: Transport and modulation of cellular processes in homeostasis and cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1155-1167. [PMID: 30720054 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their role in providing cellular energy, mitochondria fulfill a key function in cellular calcium management. The present review provides an integrative view of cellular and mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, and discusses how calcium regulates mitochondrial dynamics and functionality, thus affecting various cellular processes. Calcium crosstalk exists in the domain created between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, which is known as the mitochondria‑associated membrane (MAM), and controls cellular homeostasis. Calcium signaling participates in numerous biochemical and cellular processes, where calcium concentration, temporality and durability are part of a regulated, finely tuned interplay in non‑transformed cells. In addition, cancer cells modify their MAMs, which consequently affects calcium homeostasis to support mesenchymal transformation, migration, invasiveness, metastasis and autophagy. Alterations in calcium homeostasis may also support resistance to apoptosis, which is a serious problem facing current chemotherapeutic treatments. Notably, mitochondrial dynamics are also affected by mitochondrial calcium concentration to promote cancer survival responses. Dysregulated levels of mitochondrial calcium, alongside other signals, promote mitoflash generation in tumor cells, and an increased frequency of mitoflashes may induce epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition. Therefore, cancer cells remodel their calcium balance through numerous mechanisms that support their survival and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases 'Ismael Cosío Villegas', CP 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases 'Ismael Cosío Villegas', CP 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
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7
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Chikina AS, Svitkina TM, Alexandrova AY. Time-resolved ultrastructure of the cortical actin cytoskeleton in dynamic membrane blebs. J Cell Biol 2018; 218:445-454. [PMID: 30541746 PMCID: PMC6363452 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201806075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane blebbing accompanies various cellular processes, including cytokinesis, apoptosis, and cell migration, especially invasive migration of cancer cells. Blebs are extruded by intracellular pressure and are initially cytoskeleton-free, but they subsequently assemble the cytoskeleton, which can drive bleb retraction. Despite increasing appreciation of physiological significance of blebbing, the molecular and, especially, structural mechanisms controlling bleb dynamics are incompletely understood. We induced membrane blebbing in human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells by inhibiting the Arp2/3 complex. Using correlative platinum replica electron microscopy, we characterize cytoskeletal architecture of the actin cortex in cells during initiation of blebbing and in blebs at different stages of their expansion-retraction cycle. The transition to blebbing in these conditions occurred through an intermediate filopodial stage, whereas bleb initiation was biased toward filopodial bases, where the cytoskeleton exhibited local weaknesses. Different stages of the bleb life cycle (expansion, pausing, and retraction) are characterized by specific features of cytoskeleton organization that provide implications about mechanisms of cytoskeleton assembly and bleb retraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S Chikina
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Antonina Y Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Li Y, Yu WK, Chen L, Chan YS, Liu D, Fong CC, Xu T, Zhu G, Sun D, Yang M. Electrotaxis of tumor-initiating cells of H1975 lung adenocarcinoma cells is associated with both activation of stretch-activated cation channels (SACCs) and internal calcium release. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 124:80-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Sroka J, Zimolag E, Lasota S, Korohoda W, Madeja Z. Electrotaxis: Cell Directional Movement in Electric Fields. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1749:325-340. [PMID: 29526007 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7701-7_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrotaxis plays an important role during embryogenesis, inflammation, wound healing, and tumour metastasis. However, the mechanisms at play during electrotaxis are still poorly understood. Therefore intensive studies on signaling pathways involved in this phenomenon should be carried out. In this chapter, we described an experimental system for studying electrotaxis of Amoeba proteus, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), Walker carcinosarcoma cells WC256, and bone marrow adherent cells (BMAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Sroka
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Eliza Zimolag
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Slawomir Lasota
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz Korohoda
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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10
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Simiczyjew A, Mazur AJ, Dratkiewicz E, Nowak D. Involvement of β- and γ-actin isoforms in actin cytoskeleton organization and migration abilities of bleb-forming human colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173709. [PMID: 28333953 PMCID: PMC5363831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amoeboid movement is characteristic for rounded cells, which do not form strong adhesion contacts with the ECM and use blebs as migratory protrusions. It is well known that actin is the main component of mature forms of these structures, but the exact role fulfilled by non-muscle actin isoforms β- and γ- in bleb formation and migration of these cells is still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to establish the role of β- and γ-actin in migration of bleb-forming cancer cells using isoform-specific antibodies and expression of fluorescently tagged actin isoforms. We observed, after staining with monoclonal antibodies, that both actins are present in these cells in the form of a cortical ring as well as in the area of blebs. Additionally, using simultaneous expression of differentially tagged β- and γ-actin in cells, we observed that the actin isoforms are present together in a single bleb. They were involved during bleb expansion as well as retraction. Also present in the area of these protrusions formed by both isoforms were the bleb markers–ezrin and myosin II. The overexpression of β- or γ-actin led to actin cytoskeletal rearrangement followed by the growth of migration and invasion abilities of examined human colon cancer cells, LS174T line. In summary these data prove that both actin isoforms have an impact on motility of bleb-forming cancer cells. Moreover, we conclude that monoclonal antibodies directed against actin isoforms in combination with the tagged actins are good tools to study their role in important biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Simiczyjew
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Antonina Joanna Mazur
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Dratkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, Poland
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Makowiecka A, Simiczyjew A, Nowak D, Mazur AJ. Varying effects of EGF, HGF and TGFβ on formation of invadopodia and invasiveness of melanoma cell lines of different origin. Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2728. [PMID: 28076931 PMCID: PMC5178804 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of melanoma malignancy mechanisms is essential for patient survival, because melanoma is responsible for ca. 75% of deaths related to skin cancers. Enhanced formation of invadopodia and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation are two important drivers of cell invasion, and actin dynamics facilitate protrusive activity by providing a driving force to push through the ECM. We focused on the influence of epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) on melanoma cell invasiveness, since they are observed in the melanoma microenvironment. All three factors stimulated invasion of A375 and WM1341D cells derived from primary tumor sites. In contrast, only EGF and HGF stimulated invasion of WM9 and Hs294T cells isolated from lymph node metastasis. Enhanced formation of invadopodia and ECM degradation underlie the increased amount of invasive cells after stimulation with the tested agents. Generally, a rise in invasive potential was accompanied by a decrease in actin polymerization state (F:G ratio). The F:G ratio remained unchanged or was even increased in cell lines from a metastasis treated with TGFβ. Our findings indicate that the effects of stimulation with EGF, HGF and TGFβ on melanoma cell invasiveness could depend on melanoma cell progression stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Makowiecka
- University of Wrocław, Department of Cell Pathology.
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12
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Shenoy PA, Kuo A, Vetter I, Smith MT. The Walker 256 Breast Cancer Cell- Induced Bone Pain Model in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:286. [PMID: 27630567 PMCID: PMC5005431 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with terminal breast cancer show signs of bone metastasis, the most common cause of pain in cancer. Clinically available drug treatment options for the relief of cancer-associated bone pain are limited due to either inadequate pain relief and/or dose-limiting side-effects. One of the major hurdles in understanding the mechanism by which breast cancer causes pain after metastasis to the bones is the lack of suitable preclinical models. Until the late twentieth century, all animal models of cancer induced bone pain involved systemic injection of cancer cells into animals, which caused severe deterioration of animal health due to widespread metastasis. In this mini-review we have discussed details of a recently developed and highly efficient preclinical model of breast cancer induced bone pain: Walker 256 cancer cell- induced bone pain in rats. The model involves direct localized injection of cancer cells into a single tibia in rats, which avoids widespread metastasis of cancer cells and hence animals maintain good health throughout the experimental period. This model closely mimics the human pathophysiology of breast cancer induced bone pain and has great potential to aid in the process of drug discovery for treating this intractable pain condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyank A Shenoy
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andy Kuo
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maree T Smith
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
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