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Lamana A, Castro-Vázquez D, de la Fuente H, Triguero-Martínez A, Martínez-Hernández R, Revenga M, Villanueva-Romero R, Llamas-Velasco M, Chicharro P, Juarranz Y, Marazuela M, Sales-Sanz M, García-Vicuña R, Tomero E, González-Álvaro I, Martínez C, Gomariz RP. VIP/VPAC Axis Expression in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disorders: Associated miRNA Signatures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158578. [PMID: 35955723 PMCID: PMC9369218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have considered immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMID) together, which is necessary to adequately understand them given they share common mechanisms. Our goal was to investigate the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and its receptors VPAC1 and VPAC2 in selected IMID, analyze the effect of biological therapies on them, and identify miRNA signatures associated with their expression. Serum VIP levels and mRNA of VPAC and miRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed from 52 patients with psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, Graves’ disease, or spondyloarthritis and from 38 healthy subjects. IMID patients showed higher levels of VIP and increased expression of VPAC2 compared to controls (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0192, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the levels of VIP or VPAC2 expression were adequate discriminators capable of identifying IMID. Treatment of IMID patients with anti-TNFα and anti-IL12/23 significantly affected serum VIP levels. We identified miRNA signatures associated with levels of serum VIP and VPAC2 expression, which correlated with IMID diagnosis of the patients. The results indicate that the expression of VIP/VPAC2 is able of identify IMIDs and open up a line of research based on the association between the VIP/VPAC axis and miRNA signatures in immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Lamana
- Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (D.C.-V.); (R.V.-R.); (Y.J.)
| | - David Castro-Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (D.C.-V.); (R.V.-R.); (Y.J.)
| | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Triguero-Martínez
- Department of Rheumatology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa Madrid, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (R.G.-V.); (E.T.); (I.G.-Á.)
| | - Rebeca Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-H.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcelino Revenga
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Raúl Villanueva-Romero
- Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (D.C.-V.); (R.V.-R.); (Y.J.)
| | - Mar Llamas-Velasco
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-V.); (P.C.)
| | - Pablo Chicharro
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-V.); (P.C.)
| | - Yasmina Juarranz
- Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (D.C.-V.); (R.V.-R.); (Y.J.)
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-H.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Sales-Sanz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rosario García-Vicuña
- Department of Rheumatology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa Madrid, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (R.G.-V.); (E.T.); (I.G.-Á.)
| | - Eva Tomero
- Department of Rheumatology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa Madrid, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (R.G.-V.); (E.T.); (I.G.-Á.)
| | - Isidoro González-Álvaro
- Department of Rheumatology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa Madrid, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (R.G.-V.); (E.T.); (I.G.-Á.)
| | - Carmen Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (D.C.-V.); (R.V.-R.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (R.P.G.); Tel.: +34-91-3944971 (R.P.G.)
| | - Rosa P. Gomariz
- Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (D.C.-V.); (R.V.-R.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (R.P.G.); Tel.: +34-91-3944971 (R.P.G.)
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Moody TW, Jensen RT. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide/vasoactive intestinal peptide (Part 2): biology and clinical importance in central nervous system and inflammatory disorders. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2021; 28:206-213. [PMID: 33481421 PMCID: PMC7961158 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss recent advances of vasoactive intestinal peptide/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (VIP/PACAP) receptors in the selected central nervous system (CNS) and inflammatory disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies provide evidence that PACAP plays an important role in a number of CNS disorders, particularly the pathogenesis of headaches (migraine, etc.) as well as posttraumatic stress disorder and drug/alcohol/smoking addiction. VIP has important therapeutic effects in a number of autoimmune/inflammatory disorder such as rheumatoid arthritis. In some cases, these insights have advanced to therapeutic trials. SUMMARY Recent insights from studies of VIP/PACAP and their receptors in both CNS disorders (migraine, posttraumatic stress disorder, addiction [drugs, alcohol, smoking]) and inflammatory disorders [such as rheumatoid arthritis] are suggesting new treatment approaches. The elucidation of the importance of VIP/PACAP system in these disorders combined recent development of specific drugs acting on this system (i.e., monoclonal VIP/PACAP antibodies) will likely lead to importance novel treatment approaches in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Moody
- Department of Health and Human services, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Training. Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Digestive Diseases Branch, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Moody TW, Jensen RT. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide/vasoactive intestinal peptide [Part 1]: biology, pharmacology, and new insights into their cellular basis of action/signaling which are providing new therapeutic targets. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2021; 28:198-205. [PMID: 33449573 PMCID: PMC7957349 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss recent advances of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptors in pharmacology, cell biology, and intracellular signaling in cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies provide new insights into the pharmacology, cell biology of the VIP/PACAP system and show they play important roles in a number of human cancers, as well as in tumor growth/differentiation and are providing an increased understanding of their signaling cascade that is suggesting new treatment targets/approaches. SUMMARY Recent insights from studies of VIP/PACAP and their receptors in both central nervous system disorders and inflammatory disorders suggest possible new treatment approaches. Elucidation of the exact roles of VIP/PACAP in these disorders and development of new therapeutic approaches involving these peptides have been limited by lack of specific pharmacological tools, and exact signaling mechanisms involved, mediating their effects. Reviewed here are recent insights from the elucidation of structural basis for VIP/PACAP receptor activation as well as the signaling cascades mediating their cellular effects (using results primarily from the study of their effects in cancer) that will likely lead to novel targets and treatment approaches in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Moody
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Training
| | - Robert T Jensen
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Digestive Diseases Branch, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Comparative Study of Senescent Th Biomarkers in Healthy Donors and Early Arthritis Patients. Analysis of VPAC Receptors and Their Influence. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122592. [PMID: 33291545 PMCID: PMC7761848 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory CD4+CD28− T cells are characteristic of immunosenescence, but also of several autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) acts as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mediator on these cells. Our objective was to study the mutual influence between senescent Th cells and VIP axis in early arthritis (EA), comparing with non-EA donors. We characterized the correlation between senescent Th cells and clinic parameters of EA as well as the behavior of senescent Th biomarkers by real-time PCR. Clinical data were systematically recorded at baseline and after 6 months of follow-up. The number of CD4+CD28− T cells measured by sorting is higher in patients who initially meet ACR classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to those who were classified as undifferentiated arthritis (UA). A slight positive correlation between EA CD4+CD28− T cells and CRP or ESR and a negative correlation with bone mineral density were found. Th senescent biomarkers in EA CD4+CD28− T cells were similar to donors, however some of them increased after 6 months of follow-up. VPAC receptors were analyzed by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence, and CD4+CD28− T cells showed higher expression of VPAC2 and lower of VPAC1, VPAC2 showing a significant increased expression in EA cells. Sorted CD4+CD28− T cells were in vitro expanded in presence of VIP, wherein VIP increased senescent biomarker CD27, while it diminished CD57 or NKG2 senescent biomarkers. Our study demonstrates for the first time the existence of a link between senescent Th cells and the VIP axis.
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Vasoactive intestinal peptide axis is dysfunctional in patients with Graves' disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13018. [PMID: 32747757 PMCID: PMC7400547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide with potent immunoregulatory properties. Reduced serum VIP levels and alterations in VIP receptors/signaling on immune cells have been associated with different inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. However, its role in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) remains unknown. This study examined the interrelationship between VIP system, autoimmune background and thyroid hormones in peripheral immune cells in patients with AITD. Only Graves' disease (GD) patients showed significantly lower serum VIP levels when compared to healthy subjects and to Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients. Serum VIP levels were lower at the onset of GD, showing a significant negative correlation with thyroid hormone levels. The expression of VIP receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2, was significantly upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from GD patients. There was an impairment of VIP signalling in these patients, probably attributable to a dysfunction of VPAC1 with preservation of VPAC2. The correlation between VPAC1 and thyroid hormone receptor expression in PBMC from healthy subjects was lost in GD patients. In summary, the VIP system is altered in peripheral immune cells of GD patients and this finding is associated with different thyroid hormone receptor patterns, showing a dynamic inter-regulation and a prominent role of VIP in this setting.
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Martínez C, Juarranz Y, Gutiérrez-Cañas I, Carrión M, Pérez-García S, Villanueva-Romero R, Castro D, Lamana A, Mellado M, González-Álvaro I, Gomariz RP. A Clinical Approach for the Use of VIP Axis in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E65. [PMID: 31861827 PMCID: PMC6982157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroendocrine and immune systems are coordinated to maintain the homeostasis of the organism, generating bidirectional communication through shared mediators and receptors. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is the paradigm of an endogenous neuropeptide produced by neurons and endocrine and immune cells, involved in the control of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Exogenous administration of VIP exerts therapeutic effects in models of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases mediated by G-protein-coupled receptors (VPAC1 and VPAC2). Currently, there are no curative therapies for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and patients present complex diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic problems in daily clinical practice due to their heterogeneous nature. This review focuses on the biology of VIP and VIP receptor signaling, as well as its protective effects as an immunomodulatory factor. Recent progress in improving the stability, selectivity, and effectiveness of VIP/receptors analogues and new routes of administration are highlighted, as well as important advances in their use as biomarkers, contributing to their potential application in precision medicine. On the 50th anniversary of VIP's discovery, this review presents a spectrum of potential clinical benefits applied to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Yasmina Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Irene Gutiérrez-Cañas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Mar Carrión
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Selene Pérez-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Raúl Villanueva-Romero
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
| | - David Castro
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Amalia Lamana
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Mario Mellado
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)/CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Isidoro González-Álvaro
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Médica, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rosa P. Gomariz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
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7
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Poujol de Molliens M, Jamadagni P, Létourneau M, Devost D, Hébert TE, Patten SA, Fournier A, Chatenet D. Design and biological assessment of membrane-tethering neuroprotective peptides derived from the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type 1 receptor. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:129398. [PMID: 31306709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) type 1 receptor (PAC1), a class B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), has emerged as a promising target for treating neurodegenerative conditions. Unfortunately, despite years of research, no PAC1-specific agonist has been discovered, as activity on two other GPCRs, VPAC1 and VPAC2, is retained with current analogs. Cell signaling is related to structural modifications in the intracellular loops (ICLs) of GPCRs. Thus, we hypothesized that peptides derived from the ICLs (called pepducins) of PAC1 might initiate, as allosteric ligands, signaling cascades after recognition of the parent receptor and modulation of its conformational landscape. METHODS Three pepducins were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to 1) promote cell survival; 2) stimulate various signaling pathways associated with PAC1 activation; 3) modulate selectively PAC1, VPAC1 or VPAC2 activation; and 4) sustain mobility and prevent death of dopaminergic neurons in a zebrafish model of neurodegeneration. RESULTS Assays demonstrated that these molecules promote SH-SY5Y cell survival, a human neuroblastoma cell line expressing PAC1, and activate signaling via Gαs and Gαq, with distinct potencies and efficacies. Also, PAC1-Pep1 and PAC1-Pep2 activated selectively PAC1-mediated Gαs stimulation. Finally, experiments, using a zebrafish neurodegeneration model, showed a neuroprotective action with all three pepducins and in particular, revealed the ability of PAC1-Pep1 and PAC1-Pep3 to preserve fish mobility and tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the brain. CONCLUSION We have developed the first neuroprotective pepducins derived from PAC1, a class B GPCR. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE PAC1-derived pepducins represent attractive templates for the development of innovative neuroprotecting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Poujol de Molliens
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier, Groupe de Recherche en Ingénierie des Peptides et en Pharmacothérapie (GRIPP), Université du Québec, Ville de Laval, QC, Canada; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier, Laboratoire d'études moléculaires et pharmacologiques des peptides (LEMPP), Université du Québec, Ville de Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Priyanka Jamadagni
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Ville de Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Myriam Létourneau
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier, Groupe de Recherche en Ingénierie des Peptides et en Pharmacothérapie (GRIPP), Université du Québec, Ville de Laval, QC, Canada; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier, Laboratoire d'études moléculaires et pharmacologiques des peptides (LEMPP), Université du Québec, Ville de Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Dominic Devost
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Shunmoogum A Patten
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Ville de Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Fournier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier, Laboratoire d'études moléculaires et pharmacologiques des peptides (LEMPP), Université du Québec, Ville de Laval, QC, Canada
| | - David Chatenet
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier, Groupe de Recherche en Ingénierie des Peptides et en Pharmacothérapie (GRIPP), Université du Québec, Ville de Laval, QC, Canada.
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8
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Villanueva-Romero R, Gutiérrez-Cañas I, Carrión M, González-Álvaro I, Rodríguez-Frade JM, Mellado M, Martínez C, Gomariz RP, Juarranz Y. Activation of Th lymphocytes alters pattern expression and cellular location of VIP receptors in healthy donors and early arthritis patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7383. [PMID: 31089161 PMCID: PMC6517580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is an important immunomodulator of CD4+ cells in normal and pathological conditions, which exerts its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions through VPAC receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2. Only a decrease in the expression of VPAC1 mRNA on Th cells upon activation has been reported. Thus, the deepening in the knowledge of the behavior of these receptors may contribute to the design of new therapies based on their activation and/or blockade. In this study, we describe the expression pattern, cellular location and functional role of VIP receptors during the activation of human Th cells in healthy conditions and in early arthritis (EA). The protein expression pattern of VPAC1 did not change with the activation of Th lymphocytes, whereas VPAC2 was up-regulated. In resting cells, VPAC1 was located on the plasma membrane and nucleus, whereas it only appeared in the nucleus in activated cells. VPAC2 was always found in plasma membrane location. VIP receptors signaled through a PKA-dependent pathway in both conditions, and also by a PKA-independent pathway in activated cells. Both receptors exhibit a potent immunomodulatory capacity by controlling the pathogenic profile and the activation markers of Th cells. These results highlight a novel translational view in inflammatory/autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Villanueva-Romero
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Gutiérrez-Cañas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carrión
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - I González-Álvaro
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Rodríguez-Frade
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Mellado
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - R P Gomariz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Tang B, Wu J, Zhu MX, Sun X, Liu J, Xie R, Dong TX, Xiao Y, Carethers JM, Yang S, Dong H. VPAC1 couples with TRPV4 channel to promote calcium-dependent gastric cancer progression via a novel autocrine mechanism. Oncogene 2019; 38:3946-3961. [PMID: 30692637 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although VPAC1 and its ligand vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are important in gastrointestinal physiology, their involvements in progression of gastrointestinal tumor have not been explored. Here, we found that higher expression of VIP/VPAC1 was observed in gastric cancer compared to the adjacent normal tissues. The increased expression of VIP/VPAC1 in gastric cancer correlated positively with invasion, tumor stage, lymph node, distant metastases, and poor survival. Moreover, high expression of VIP and VPAC1, advanced tumor stage and distant metastasis were independent prognostic factors. VPAC1 activation by VIP markedly induced TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ entry, and eventually promoted gastric cancer progression in a Ca2+ signaling-dependent manner. Inhibition of VPAC1 and its signaling pathway could block the progressive responses. VPAC1/TRPV4/Ca2+ signaling in turn enhanced the expression and secretion of VIP in gastric cancer cells, enforcing a positive feedback regulation mechanism. Taken together, our study demonstrate that VPAC1 is significantly overexpressed in gastric cancer and VPAC1/TRPV4/Ca2+ signaling axis could enforce a positive feedback regulation in gastric cancer progression. VIP/VPAC1 may serve as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jilin Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital to Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Tobias Xiao Dong
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yufeng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - John M Carethers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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10
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Gomariz RP, Juarranz Y, Carrión M, Pérez-García S, Villanueva-Romero R, González-Álvaro I, Gutiérrez-Cañas I, Lamana A, Martínez C. An Overview of VPAC Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Biological Role and Clinical Significance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:729. [PMID: 31695683 PMCID: PMC6817626 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The axis comprised by the Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and its G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), VPAC1, and VPAC2, belong to the B1 family and signal through Gs or Gq proteins. VPAC receptors seem to preferentially interact with Gs in inflammatory cells, rather than Gq, thereby stimulating adenylate cyclase activity. cAMP is able to trigger various downstream pathways, mainly the canonical PKA pathway and the non-canonical cAMP-activated guanine nucleotide exchange factor (EPAC) pathway. Classically, the presence of VPACs has been confined to the plasma membrane; however, VPAC1 location has been described in the nuclear membrane in several cell types such as activated Th cells, where they are also functional. VPAC receptor signaling modulates a number of biological processes by tipping the balance of inflammatory mediators in macrophages and other innate immune cells, modifying the expression of TLRs, and inhibiting MMPs and the expression of adhesion molecules. Receptor signaling also downregulates coagulation factors and acute-phase proteins, promotes Th2 over Th1, stimulates Treg abundance, and finally inhibits a pathogenic Th17 profile. Thus, the VIP axis signaling regulates both the innate and adaptive immune responses in several inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disease that develops on a substrate of genetically susceptible individuals and under the influence of environmental factors, as well as epigenetic mechanisms. It is a heterogeneous disease with different pathogenic mechanisms and variable clinical forms between patients with the same diagnosis. The knowledge of VIP signaling generated in both animal models and human ex vivo studies can potentially be translated to clinical reality. Most recently, the beneficial effects of nanoparticles of VIP self-associated with sterically stabilized micelles have been reported in a murine model of RA. Another novel research area is beginning to define the receptors as biomarkers in RA, with their expression levels shown to be associated with the activity of the disease and patients-reported impairment. Therefore, VPAC expression together VIP genetic variants could allow patients to be stratified at the beginning of the disease with the purpose of guiding personalized treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa P. Gomariz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rosa P. Gomariz
| | - Yasmina Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Carrión
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Selene Pérez-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Villanueva-Romero
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro González-Álvaro
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Gutiérrez-Cañas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amalia Lamana
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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11
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The Anti-Inflammatory Mediator, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Modulates the Differentiation and Function of Th Subsets in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:6043710. [PMID: 30155495 PMCID: PMC6092975 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6043710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic background, epigenetic modifications, and environmental factors trigger autoimmune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several pathogenic infections have been related to the onset of RA and may cause an inadequate immunological tolerance towards critical self-antigens leading to chronic joint inflammation and an imbalance between different T helper (Th) subsets. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a mediator that modulates all the stages comprised between the arrival of pathogens and Th cell differentiation in RA through its known anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions. This “neuroimmunopeptide” modulates the pathogenic activity of diverse cell subpopulations involved in RA as lymphocytes, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), or macrophages. In addition, VIP decreases the expression of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) in FLS from RA patients. These receptors act as sensors of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) connecting the innate and adaptive immune system. Moreover, VIP modulates the imbalance between Th subsets in RA, decreasing pathogenic Th1 and Th17 subsets and favoring Th2 or Treg profile during the differentiation/polarization of naïve or memory Th cells. Finally, VIP regulates the plasticity between theses subsets. In this review, we provide an overview of VIP effects on the aforementioned features of RA pathology.
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12
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Yu R, Liu H, Peng X, Cui Y, Song S, Wang L, Zhang H, Hong A, Zhou T. The palmitoylation of the N-terminal extracellular Cys37 mediates the nuclear translocation of VPAC1 contributing to its anti-apoptotic activity. Oncotarget 2018; 8:42728-42741. [PMID: 28473666 PMCID: PMC5522101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
VPAC1 is class B G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) shared by pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The first cysteine (Cys37) in the N-terminal extracellular domain of mature VPAC1 is a free Cys not involved in the formation of conserved intramolecular disulfide bonds. In order to investigate the biological role of this Cys37 in VPAC1, the wild-type VPAC1 and Cys37/Ala mutant (VPAC1-C37/A) were expressed stably as fusion proteins with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) respectively in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Both VPAC1-EYFP and VPAC1-C37/A-EYFP trafficked to the plasma membrane normally, and CHO cells expressing VPAC1-EYFP displayed higher anti-apoptotic activity against camptothecin (CPT) induced apoptosis than the cells expressing VPAC1-C37/A-EYFP, while VPAC1-C37/A-CHO cells showed higher proliferative activity than VPAC1-CHO cells. Confocal microscopic analysis, western blotting and fluorescence quantification assay showed VPAC1-EYFP displayed significant nuclear translocation while VPAC1-C37/A-EYFP did not transfer into nucleus under the stimulation of VIP (0.1 nM). Acyl-biotin exchange assay and click chemistry-based palmitoylation assay confirmed for the first time the palmitoylation of Cys37, which has been predicted by bioinformatics analysis. And the palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of VPAC1-EYFP and its anti-apoptotic activity synchronously. These results indicated the palmitoylation of the Cys37 in the N-terminal extracellular domain of VPAC1 mediates the nuclear translocation of VPAC1 contributing to its anti-apoptotic activity. These findings reveal for the first time the lipidation-mediating nuclear translocation of VPAC1 produces a novel anti-apoptotic signal pathway, which may help to promote new drug development strategy targeting VPAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjie Yu
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhe Peng
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Suqin Song
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Like Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huahua Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - An Hong
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianhong Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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13
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Liu G, Jian F, Wang X, Chen L. Fast-track surgery protocol in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3345-51. [PMID: 27330314 PMCID: PMC4898437 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s107443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To study the efficacy of the fast-track surgery (FTS) program combined with laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for elderly gastric cancer (GC) patients. Methods Eighty-four elderly patients diagnosed with GC between September 2014 and August 2015 were recruited to participate in this study and were divided into four groups randomly based on the random number table as follows: FTS + laparoscopic group (Group A, n=21), FTS + laparotomy group (Group B, n=21), conventional perioperative care (CC) + laparoscopic group (Group C, n=21), and CC + laparotomy group (Group D, n=21). Observation indicators include intrasurgery indicators, postoperative recovery indicators, nutritional status indicators, and systemic stress response indicators. Results Preoperative and intraoperative baseline characteristics showed no significant differences between patients in each group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences between each group in nausea and vomiting, intestinal obstruction, urinary retention, incision infection, pulmonary infection, and urinary tract infection after operation (P>0.05). Time of first flatus and postoperative hospital stay time of FTS Group A were the shortest, and total medical cost of this group was the lowest. For all groups, serum albumin, prealbumin, and transferrin significantly decreased, while CRP and interleukin 6 were significantly increased postoperative day 1. From postoperative day 4–7, all indicators of the four groups gradually recovered, but compared with other three groups, those of Group A recovered fastest. Conclusion FTS combined with laparoscopic surgery can promote faster postoperative recovery, improve early postoperative nutritional status, and more effectively reduce postoperative stress reaction, and hence is safe and effective for elderly GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengguo Jian
- Second Department of General Surgery, Changyi People's Hospital, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqin Wang
- Second Department of General Surgery, Changyi People's Hospital, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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