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Yan Z, Pan R, Zhang J, Sun J, Ma X, Dong N, Yao X, Wei J, Liu K, Qiu Y, Sealey K, Nichols H, Jarvis MA, Upton M, Li X, Ma Z, Liu J, Li B. Immunogenicity and Protective Capacity of Sugar ABC Transporter Substrate-Binding Protein against Streptococcus suis Serotype 2, 7 and 9 Infection in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:544. [PMID: 38793795 PMCID: PMC11126002 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background:Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes substantial disease in pigs. S. suis is also an emerging zoonoses in humans, primarily in Asia, through the consumption of undercooked pork and the handling of infected pig meat as well as carcasses. The complexity of S. suis epidemiology, characterized by the presence of multiple bacterial serotypes and strains with diverse sequence types, identifies a critical need for a universal vaccine with the ability to confer cross-protective immunity. Highly conserved immunogenic proteins are generally considered good candidate antigens for subunit universal vaccines. Methods: In this study, the cross-protection of the sugar ABC transporter substrate-binding protein (S-ABC), a surface-associated immunogenic protein of S. suis, was examined in mice for evaluation as a universal vaccine candidate. Results: S-ABC was shown to be highly conserved, with 97% amino acid sequence identity across 31 S. suis strains deposited in GenBank. Recombinantly expressed S-ABC (rS-ABC) was recognized via rabbit sera specific to S. suis serotype 2. The immunization of mice with rS-ABC induced antigen-specific antibody responses, as well as IFN-γ and IL-4, in multiple organs, including the lungs. rS-ABC immunization conferred high (87.5% and 100%) protection against challenges with S. suis serotypes 2 and 9, demonstrating high cross-protection against these serotypes. Protection, albeit lower (50%), was also observed in mice challenged with S. suis serotype 7. Conclusions: These data identify S-ABC as a promising antigenic target within a universal subunit vaccine against S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujie Yan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.Y.); (R.P.); (J.Z.); (X.M.); (N.D.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (K.L.); (Y.Q.); (Z.M.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ruyi Pan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.Y.); (R.P.); (J.Z.); (X.M.); (N.D.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (K.L.); (Y.Q.); (Z.M.)
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.Y.); (R.P.); (J.Z.); (X.M.); (N.D.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (K.L.); (Y.Q.); (Z.M.)
| | - Jianhe Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Xiaochun Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.Y.); (R.P.); (J.Z.); (X.M.); (N.D.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (K.L.); (Y.Q.); (Z.M.)
| | - Nihua Dong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.Y.); (R.P.); (J.Z.); (X.M.); (N.D.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (K.L.); (Y.Q.); (Z.M.)
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.Y.); (R.P.); (J.Z.); (X.M.); (N.D.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (K.L.); (Y.Q.); (Z.M.)
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.Y.); (R.P.); (J.Z.); (X.M.); (N.D.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (K.L.); (Y.Q.); (Z.M.)
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.Y.); (R.P.); (J.Z.); (X.M.); (N.D.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (K.L.); (Y.Q.); (Z.M.)
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.Y.); (R.P.); (J.Z.); (X.M.); (N.D.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (K.L.); (Y.Q.); (Z.M.)
| | - Katie Sealey
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK;
| | | | - Michael A. Jarvis
- The Vaccine Group Ltd., Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK; (H.N.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (M.U.); (X.L.)
| | - Mathew Upton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (M.U.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiangdong Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (M.U.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.Y.); (R.P.); (J.Z.); (X.M.); (N.D.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (K.L.); (Y.Q.); (Z.M.)
| | - Juxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.Y.); (R.P.); (J.Z.); (X.M.); (N.D.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (K.L.); (Y.Q.); (Z.M.)
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Zheng D, Liang S, Zhang C. B-Cell Epitope Predictions Using Computational Methods. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2552:239-254. [PMID: 36346595 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2609-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Identifying protein antigenic epitopes that are recognizable by antibodies is a key step in immunologic research. This type of research has broad medical applications, such as new immunodiagnostic reagent discovery, vaccine design, and antibody design. However, due to the countless possibilities of potential epitopes, the experimental search through trial and error would be too costly and time-consuming to be practical. To facilitate this process and improve its efficiency, computational methods were developed to predict both linear epitopes and discontinuous antigenic epitopes. For linear B-cell epitope prediction, many methods were developed, including PREDITOP, PEOPLE, BEPITOPE, BepiPred, COBEpro, ABCpred, AAP, BCPred, BayesB, BEOracle/BROracle, BEST, LBEEP, DRREP, iBCE-EL, SVMTriP, etc. For the more challenging yet important task of discontinuous epitope prediction, methods were also developed, including CEP, DiscoTope, PEPITO, ElliPro, SEPPA, EPITOPIA, PEASE, EpiPred, SEPIa, EPCES, EPSVR, etc. In this chapter, we will discuss computational methods for B-cell epitope predictions of both linear and discontinuous epitopes. SVMTriP and EPCES/EPCSVR, the most successful among the methods for each type of the predictions, will be used as model methods to detail the standard protocols. For linear epitope prediction, SVMTriP was reported to achieve a sensitivity of 80.1% and a precision of 55.2% with a fivefold cross-validation based on a large dataset, yielding an AUC of 0.702. For discontinuous or conformational B-cell epitope prediction, EPCES and EPCSVR were both benchmarked by a curated independent test dataset in which all antigens had no complex structures with the antibody. The identified epitopes by these methods were later independently validated by various biochemical experiments. For these three model methods, webservers and all datasets are publicly available at http://sysbio.unl.edu/SVMTriP , http://sysbio.unl.edu/EPCES/ , and http://sysbio.unl.edu/EPSVR/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shide Liang
- Department of Research and Development, Bio-Thera Solutions, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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Akhtar AA, Turner DP. The role of bacterial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in pathogenesis and virulence: Therapeutic and vaccine potential. Microb Pathog 2022; 171:105734. [PMID: 36007845 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is found in all domains of life, facilitating critical biological processes through the translocation of a wide variety of substrates from, ions to proteins, across cellular membranes in an ATP-coupled process. The role of ABC transporters in eukaryotes has been well established: the facilitation of genetic diseases and multi-drug resistance (MDR) in cancer patients. In contrast, the role of ABC transporters in prokaryotes has been ambiguous due to their diverse functions and the sheer number of organisms in which they reside. This review examines the role of bacterial ABC transporters in pathogenesis and virulence, and their potential for therapeutic and vaccine application. We demonstrate how ABC transporters play a vital role in the virulence and pathogenesis of several pathogenic bacteria through the import of essential molecules, such as metal ions, amino acids, peptides, vitamins and osmoprotectants, as well as, the export of virulent determinants involved in glycoconjugate biosynthesis and Type I secretion. Furthermore, ABC exporters facilitate the persistence of pathogenic bacteria through the export of toxic xenobiotic substances, thus, contributing to the development of antimicrobial resistance. We also show that ABC transporters display considerable potential for therapeutic application through immunisation and resistance reversal. In conclusion, bacterial ABC transporters play an immense role in virulence and pathogenesis and display desirable traits for clinical use, therefore, potentially aiding in the battle against MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armaan A Akhtar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - David Pj Turner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Ferreira R, Sousa C, Gonçalves RFS, Pinheiro AC, Oleastro M, Wagemans J, Lavigne R, Figueiredo C, Azeredo J, Melo LDR. Characterization and Genomic Analysis of a New Phage Infecting Helicobacter pylori. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147885. [PMID: 35887231 PMCID: PMC9319048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a significant human gastric pathogen, has been demonstrating increased antibiotic resistance, causing difficulties in infection treatment. It is therefore important to develop alternatives or complementary approaches to antibiotics to tackle H. pylori infections, and (bacterio)phages have proven to be effective antibacterial agents. In this work, prophage isolation was attempted using H. pylori strains and UV radiation. One phage was isolated and further characterized to assess potential phage-inspired therapeutic alternatives to H. pylori infections. HPy1R is a new podovirus prophage with a genome length of 31,162 bp, 37.1% GC, encoding 36 predicted proteins, of which 17 were identified as structural. Phage particles remained stable at 37 °C, from pH 3 to 11, for 24 h in standard assays. Moreover, when submitted to an in vitro gastric digestion model, only a small decrease was observed in the gastric phase, suggesting that it is adapted to the gastric tract environment. Together with its other characteristics, its capability to suppress H. pylori population levels for up to 24 h post-infection at multiplicities of infection of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 suggests that this newly isolated phage is a potential candidate for phage therapy in the absence of strictly lytic phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Ferreira
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.S.); (R.F.S.G.); (A.C.P.); (J.A.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Cláudia Sousa
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.S.); (R.F.S.G.); (A.C.P.); (J.A.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Raquel F. S. Gonçalves
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.S.); (R.F.S.G.); (A.C.P.); (J.A.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Pinheiro
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.S.); (R.F.S.G.); (A.C.P.); (J.A.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mónica Oleastro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Jeroen Wagemans
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (J.W.); (R.L.)
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (J.W.); (R.L.)
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Ipatimup—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.S.); (R.F.S.G.); (A.C.P.); (J.A.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luís D. R. Melo
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.S.); (R.F.S.G.); (A.C.P.); (J.A.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Jahantigh HR, Faezi S, Habibi M, Mahdavi M, Stufano A, Lovreglio P, Ahmadi K. The Candidate Antigens to Achieving an Effective Vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020199. [PMID: 35214658 PMCID: PMC8876328 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes various inflammatory local infections, from those of the skin to postinfectious glomerulonephritis. These infections could result in serious threats, putting the life of the patient in danger. Antibiotic-resistant S. aureus could lead to dramatic increases in human mortality. Antibiotic resistance would explicate the failure of current antibiotic therapies. So, it is obvious that an effective vaccine against S. aureus infections would significantly reduce costs related to care in hospitals. Bacterial vaccines have important impacts on morbidity and mortality caused by several common pathogens, however, a prophylactic vaccine against staphylococci has not yet been produced. During the last decades, the efforts to develop an S. aureus vaccine have faced two major failures in clinical trials. New strategies for vaccine development against S. aureus has supported the use of multiple antigens, the inclusion of adjuvants, and the focus on various virulence mechanisms. We aimed to present a compressive review of different antigens of S. aureus and also to introduce vaccine candidates undergoing clinical trials, from which can help us to choose a suitable and effective candidate for vaccine development against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Jahantigh
- Animal Health and Zoonosis, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy;
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (H.R.J.); (K.A.); Tel.: +39-3773827669 (H.R.J.)
| | - Sobhan Faezi
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 41937, Iran;
| | - Mehri Habibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 13164, Iran;
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran 1517964311, Iran
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13164, Iran;
| | - Angela Stufano
- Animal Health and Zoonosis, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy;
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Piero Lovreglio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Khadijeh Ahmadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas 79391, Iran
- Correspondence: (H.R.J.); (K.A.); Tel.: +39-3773827669 (H.R.J.)
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Padh H, Yagnik B, Sharma D, Desai P. EpiMix Based Novel Vaccine Candidate for Shigella: Evidence of Prophylactic Immunity in Balb/c Mice. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021; 27:1095-1110. [PMID: 33551691 PMCID: PMC7846920 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistant Shigella is one of the leading causes of mortality in children and infants. Availability of vaccine could prevent the Shigella infection and reduce the mortality. Conventional approaches of vaccine development against shigellosis have not resulted in desirable vaccine. As shigellosis may be caused by multiple strains and serotypes, there is a need to develop a multivalent vaccine, capable of providing protection against multiple Shigella strains. To develop broad spectrum vaccine, we had previously derived a pool of conserved epitopes against Shigella by using multiple immunoinformatic tools. In this study, the identified conserved epitopes derived from the Outer Membrane Proteins A and C of Shigella were chemically synthesized, and the EpiMix made up of 5 epitopes coupled to a carrier protein, ovalbumin was developed and validated for its immunogenicity. The intramuscular immunization with EpiMix in Balb/c mice led to increase in EpiMix specific serum IgG, and significant increase in fecal IgA as well as in IL-4, IL-2and IFN-γ levels. Further, the EpiMix immunized mice showed protection when challenged against S. flexneri ATCC 12022 using the intraperitoneal route. Moreover, the analysis of cytokine profile and IFN-γ/IL4 ratio in post Shigella challenge immunized mice suggested the high levels of IFN-γ levels and possible dominance of Th1 response, playing pivotal role in the elimination of Shigella. Collectively, the results demonstrate the immunogenic potential and protective efficacy of the EpiMix in the murine shigellosis model. However, the detailed study and further optimisation of epitopes would substantiate the prospective use of EpiMix as a prophylactic candidate for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Padh
- Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Bhrugu Yagnik
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054 India
- BRD School of Bioscience, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Drashya Sharma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054 India
- BRD School of Bioscience, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Priti Desai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054 India
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Institutional Area, Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426 India
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Zeng H, Zhang J, Song X, Zeng J, Yuan Y, Chen Z, Xu L, Gou Q, Yang F, Zeng N, Zhang Y, Peng L, Zhao L, Zhu J, Liu Y, Luo P, Zou Q, Zhao Z. An Immunodominant Epitope-Specific Monoclonal Antibody Cocktail Improves Survival in a Mouse Model of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:1743-1752. [PMID: 32959055 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, no vaccine or monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Staphylococcus aureus has been approved for use in humans. Our laboratory has developed a 5-antigen S. aureus vaccine (rFSAV), which is now under efficacy evaluation in a phase 2 clinical trial. In the current study, using overlapping peptides and antiserum from rFSAV-immunized volunteers, we identified 7 B-cell immunodominant epitopes on 4 antigens in rFSAV, including 5 novel epitopes (Hla48-65, IsdB402-419, IsdB432-449, SEB78-95, and MntC7-24). Ten immunodominant epitope mAbs were generated against these epitopes, and all of them exhibited partial protection in a mouse sepsis model. Four robust mAbs were used together as an mAb cocktail to prevent methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain 252 infection. The results showed that the mAb cocktail was efficient in combating S. aureus infection and that its protective efficacy correlated with a reduced bacterial burden and decreased infection pathology, which demonstrates that the mAb cocktail is a promising S. aureus vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangmin Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Xu
- Chengdu Olymvax Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Gou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- Chengdu Olymvax Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Zeng
- Chengdu Olymvax Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liusheng Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Medical Corps Department, Unit 69016, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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8
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Soni DK, Dubey SK, Bhatnagar R. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) import systems of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: target for drug and vaccine development. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:207-220. [PMID: 31985348 PMCID: PMC7034087 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1714488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient procurement specifically from nutrient-limiting environment is essential for pathogenic bacteria to survive and/or persist within the host. Long-term survival or persistent infection is one of the main reasons for the overuse of antibiotics, and contributes to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known for long-term survival within the host, and develops multidrug resistance. Before and during infection, the pathogen encounters various harsh environmental conditions. To cope up with such nutrient-limiting conditions, it is crucial to uptake essential nutrients such as ions, sugars, amino acids, peptides, and metals, necessary for numerous vital biological activities. Among the various types of transporters, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) importers are essentially unique to bacteria, accessible as drug targets without penetrating the cytoplasmic membrane, and offer an ATP-dependent gateway into the cell by mimicking substrates of the importer and designing inhibitors against substrate-binding proteins, ABC importers endeavour for the development of successful drug candidates and antibiotics. Alternatively, the production of antibodies against substrate-binding proteins could lead to vaccine development. In this review, we will emphasize the role of M. tuberculosis ABC importers for survival and virulence within the host. Furthermore, we will elucidate their unique characteristics to discover emerging therapies to combat tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Soni
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Dubey
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rakesh Bhatnagar
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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9
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Ahmadi K, Aslani MM, Pouladfar G, Faezi S, Kalani M, Pourmand MR, Ghaedi T, Havaei SA, Mahdavi M. Preparation and preclinical evaluation of two novel Staphylococcus aureus capsular polysaccharide 5 and 8-fusion protein (Hla-MntC-SACOL0723) immunoconjugates. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:226-236. [PMID: 31573748 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens in the hospital and the community. The emergence of broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance in S. aureus has made the treatment process more difficult. Therefore, it is obvious that an effective prevention strategy against the pathogen could significantly reduce costs related to care in hospitals. In this report, we describe a simple approach to conjugate S. aureus capsular polysaccharide 5 (CP5) from S. aureus Reynolds strain and 8 (CP8) from S. aureus Becker strain to a fusion protein (Hla-MntC-SACOL0723) and investigation of its bioactivity. The conjugation was done by using ADH (as a bridge) and EDAC (as a coupling agent). The immunoconjugates were characterized by routine polysaccharide/protein contents assays followed by reverse phase chromatography and FTIR spectroscopy. The groups of mice were immunized with conjugate vaccines, capsular polysaccharides, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control group. The functional activity of the vaccine candidates was evaluated by ELISA, opsonophagocytosis tests, and determination of bacterial load in challenge study. The results showed that the specific antibody (total IgG) titers raised against conjugate molecules were higher than those of the nonconjugated capsular polysaccharides. The opsonic activity of the conjugate vaccines antisera was significantly higher than polysaccharides alone (58% reduction in the number of bacteria versus 16.3% at 1:2 dilution, p < .05), Further, the conjugate vaccine group had a significant reduction in bacterial load after challenge with S. aureus COL strain cells as compared to the PBS and nonconjugated controls. In conclusion, the immunoconjugates could be developed as a potential vaccine candidate against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Ahmadi
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Pouladfar
- Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sobhan Faezi
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kalani
- Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Pourmand
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebe Ghaedi
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Seyed A Havaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunotherapy Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Ahmadi K, Pouladfar G, Kalani M, Faezi S, Pourmand MR, Hasanzadeh S, Mafakher L, Aslani MM, Mahdavi M. Epitope-based immunoinformatics study of a novel Hla-MntC-SACOL0723 fusion protein from Staphylococcus aureus: Induction of multi-pattern immune responses. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:88-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Immunoprotection elicited in rabbit by a chimeric protein containing B-cell epitopes of Sphingomyelinases D from Loxosceles spp. spiders. Vaccine 2018; 36:7324-7330. [PMID: 30352745 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Accidents with venomous animals pose a health issue in Brazil, and those involving brown spiders (Loxosceles sp.) figure between the most frequent ones. The accidental envenomation by brown spiders causes a strong local dermonecrotic effect, which can be followed by systemic manifestations that in some cases lead to death. The production of antivenoms for the treatments of such accidents relies on a variety of animal experiments, from the spider venom extraction to the production of antivenom in horses. In the present work, there is an attempt to reduce and optimize animal experiments with the construction and production of a chimeric protein, named Lil, containing immunodominant epitopes previously mapped from the main proteins of the Loxosceles venom, the Sphingomyelinases D. The Lil protein contains epitopes from Sphinomyelinases D of the three-main species found in Brazil and this chimeric protein was found capable of inducing antibodies with the potential to partially neutralize the toxic effects of Loxosceles intermedia venom in an animal model. Therefore, in order to reduce spider usage and to improve the lifespan of the horses used for immunization we suggest the Lil protein as a potential candidate to replace the venom usage in the antivenom production protocols.
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12
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Tanaka KJ, Song S, Mason K, Pinkett HW. Selective substrate uptake: The role of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) importers in pathogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:868-877. [PMID: 28847505 PMCID: PMC5807212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of nutrients, including metals, amino acids and peptides are required for many biological processes. Pathogenic bacteria scavenge these essential nutrients from microenvironments to survive within the host. Pathogens must utilize a myriad of mechanisms to acquire these essential nutrients from the host while mediating the effects of toxicity. Bacteria utilize several transport proteins, including ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters to import and expel substrates. ABC transporters, conserved across all organisms, are powered by the energy from ATP to move substrates across cellular membranes. In this review, we will focus on nutrient uptake, the role of ABC importers at the host-pathogen interface, and explore emerging therapies to combat pathogenesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Beyond the Structure-Function Horizon of Membrane Proteins edited by Ute Hellmich, Rupak Doshi and Benjamin McIlwain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari J Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Saemee Song
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Kevin Mason
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Heather W Pinkett
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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13
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Yang LY, Zhou H, Yang Y, Tong YN, Peng LS, Zhu BH, Diao WB, Zeng H, Sun HW, Zou QM. Protective effects of a nanoemulsion adjuvant vaccine (2C-Staph/NE) administered intranasally against invasive Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. RSC Adv 2018; 8:9996-10008. [PMID: 35540845 PMCID: PMC9078739 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13630g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
No licensed Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) vaccine is currently available. To develop an effective S. aureus vaccine, we selected the recombinant proteins staphylococcal enterotoxin B (rSEB) and manganese transport protein C (rMntC) as vaccine candidates and formulated a 2C-Staph vaccine. Based on the optimised formation of nanoemulsion (NE) technology, we constructed a novel NE adjuvant vaccine, 2C-Staph/NE. The 2C-Staph/NE particles showed a suitable diameter (24.9 ± 0.14 nm), a good protein structure of integrity and specificity, and high thermodynamic stability. 2C-Staph formulated with an NE adjuvant induced higher survival rates than a 2C-Staph/MF59 vaccine in sepsis and pneumonia models. Moreover, intramuscular vaccination with 2C-Staph/NE yielded protection efficacy in a sepsis model, and the intranasal vaccination route induced a potent protective effect in a pneumonia model. Intranasal vaccination with 2C-Staph/NE induced a strong mucosal response with high levels of IgA and IL-17A in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the IgG levels in the BALF were comparable to those induced by the intramuscular vaccination route. Furthermore, the serum and BALF induced by intranasal administration showed potent opsonophagocytic activity against S. aureus. And, the IL-17A played a protective role in the pneumonia model demonstrated by a cytokine neutralization test. Taken together, our results showed that intranasal administration of 2C-Staph formulated with an NE adjuvant yielded ideal protection in a murine S. aureus pneumonia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 PR China
| | - Heng Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 PR China
| | - Yun Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Tong
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 PR China
| | - Liu-Sheng Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 PR China
| | - Bao-Hang Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 PR China
| | - Wei-Bo Diao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 PR China
| | - Hao Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 PR China
| | - Hong-Wu Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 PR China
| | - Quan-Ming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 PR China
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14
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Yu W, Yao D, Yu S, Wang X, Li X, Wang M, Liu S, Feng Z, Chen X, Li W, Wang L, Liu W, Ma J, Yu L, Tong C, Song B, Cui Y. Protective humoral and CD4 + T cellular immune responses of Staphylococcus aureus vaccine MntC in a murine peritonitis model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3580. [PMID: 29483570 PMCID: PMC5832154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can cause different types of diseases from mild skin infections to life-threatening sepsis worldwide. Owing to the emergence and transmission of multidrug-resistant strains, developing an impactful immunotherapy especially vaccine control approach against S. aureus infections is increasingly encouraged and supported. S. aureus manganese transport protein C (MntC), which is a highly-conserved cell surface protein, can elicit protective immunity against S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In this study, we evaluated the humoral immune response and CD4+ T cell-mediated immune responses in a mouse peritonitis model. The results showed that MntC-specific antibodies conferred an essential protection for mice to reduce invasion of S. aureus, which was corroborated via the opsonophagocytic killing assay and passive immunization experiment in mice, and moreover MntC-induced Th17 played a remarkable part in preventing S. aureus infection since the MntC-induced protective immunity decreased after neutralization of IL-17 by antibody in vivo and the Th17 adoptive transferred-mice could partly resist S. aureus challenge. In conclusion, we considered that the MntC-specific antibodies and MntC-specific Th17 cells play cooperative roles in the prevention of S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Di Yao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Simiao Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Xintong Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Zhenyue Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Wanyu Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Lizi Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Liquan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Chunyu Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Baifen Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Yudong Cui
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China.
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15
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Yu W, Wang L, Wang M, Liu S, Li W, Wang X, Li X, Yu S, Yao D, Ma J, Yu L, Chen J, Feng Z, Cui Y. Identification and characterization of CD4 + T cell epitopes on manganese transport protein C of Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2017; 112:30-37. [PMID: 28942173 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Manganese transport protein C (MntC) of Staphylococcus aureus represents an excellent vaccine-candidate antigen. The important role of CD4+ T cells in effective immunity against S. aureus infection was shown; however, CD4+ T cell-specific epitopes on S. aureus MntC have not been well identified. Here, we used bioinformatics prediction algorithms to evaluate and identify nine candidate epitopes within MntC. Our results showed that peptide M8 emulsified in Freund's adjuvant induced a much higher cell-proliferation rate as compared with controls. Additionally, CD4+ T cells stimulated with peptide M8 secreted significantly higher levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-17A. These results suggested that peptide M8 represented an H-2d (I-E)-restricted Th17-specific epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lizi Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wanyu Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xintong Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Simiao Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Di Yao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Liquan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhenyue Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yudong Cui
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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16
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Epitope determination of immunogenic proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180962. [PMID: 28723967 PMCID: PMC5516995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative organism of gonorrhoea, a sexually transmitted disease that globally accounts for an estimated 80 to 100 million new infections per year. Increasing resistances to all common antibiotics used for N. gonorrhoeae treatment pose the risk of an untreatable disease. Further knowledge of ways of infection and host immune response are needed to understand the pathogen-host interaction and to discover new treatment alternatives against this disease. Therefore, detailed information about immunogenic proteins and their properties like epitope sites could advance further research in this area. In this work, we investigated immunogenic proteins of N. gonorrhoeae for linear epitopes by microarrays. Dominant linear epitopes were identified for eleven of the nineteen investigated proteins with three polyclonal rabbit antibodies from different immunisations. Identified linear epitopes were further examined for non-specific binding with antibodies to Escherichia coli and the closely related pathogen Neisseria meningitidis. On top of that, amino acids crucial for the antibody epitope binding were detected by microarray based alanine scans.
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17
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From Immunologically Archaic to Neoteric Glycovaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:vaccines5010004. [PMID: 28134792 PMCID: PMC5371740 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides (PS) are present in the outermost surface of bacteria and readily come in contact with immune cells. They interact with specific antibodies, which in turn confer protection from infections. Vaccines with PS from pneumococci, meningococci, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Salmonella typhi may be protective, although with the important constraint of failing to generate permanent immunological memory. This limitation has in part been circumvented by conjugating glycovaccines to proteins that stimulate T helper cells and facilitate the establishment of immunological memory. Currently, protection evoked by conjugated PS vaccines lasts for a few years. The same approach failed with PS from staphylococci, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Klebsiella. All those germs cause severe infections in humans and often develop resistance to antibiotic therapy. Thereby, prevention is of increasing importance to better control outbreaks. As only 23 of more than 90 pneumococcal serotypes and 4 of 13 clinically relevant Neisseria meningitidis serogroups are covered by available vaccines there is still tremendous clinical need for PS vaccines. This review focuses on glycovaccines and the immunological mechanisms for their success or failure. We discuss recent advances that may facilitate generation of high affinity anti-PS antibodies and confer specific immunity and long-lasting protection.
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Potocnakova L, Bhide M, Pulzova LB. An Introduction to B-Cell Epitope Mapping and In Silico Epitope Prediction. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:6760830. [PMID: 28127568 PMCID: PMC5227168 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6760830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of B-cell epitopes is a fundamental step for development of epitope-based vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, and diagnostic tools. Epitope-based antibodies are currently the most promising class of biopharmaceuticals. In the last decade, in-depth in silico analysis and categorization of the experimentally identified epitopes stimulated development of algorithms for epitope prediction. Recently, various in silico tools are employed in attempts to predict B-cell epitopes based on sequence and/or structural data. The main objective of epitope identification is to replace an antigen in the immunization, antibody production, and serodiagnosis. The accurate identification of B-cell epitopes still presents major challenges for immunologists. Advances in B-cell epitope mapping and computational prediction have yielded molecular insights into the process of biorecognition and formation of antigen-antibody complex, which may help to localize B-cell epitopes more precisely. In this paper, we have comprehensively reviewed state-of-the-art experimental methods for B-cell epitope identification, existing databases for epitopes, and novel in silico resources and prediction tools available online. We have also elaborated new trends in the antibody-based epitope prediction. The aim of this review is to assist researchers in identification of B-cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Potocnakova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
- Institute of Neuroimmunology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Borszekova Pulzova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
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19
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Stentzel S, Gläser R, Bröker BM. Elucidating the anti-Staphylococcus aureusantibody response by immunoproteomics. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:1011-1019. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stentzel
- Department of Immunology; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Regine Gläser
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein; Kiel Germany
| | - Barbara M. Bröker
- Department of Immunology; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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