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CXCL12/CXCR4 axis gene variants contribute to an increased vulnerability to HPV infection and cervical oncogenesis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:793-802. [PMID: 35083551 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Every year, more than half a million women are diagnosed with cervical cancer (CC). Individual factors may contribute to the cervical cancer development, such as immunogenetic variation. CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is involved in tumor progression and aggressiveness. In the present study, we aimed to investigate a possible association between two single-nucleotide variants (CXCL12 rs1801157 and CXCR4 rs2228014) with HPV infection and cervical cancer development. METHODS PCR technique was used to test HPV positivity in 424 women, in which the allelic frequency of CXCL12 rs1801157 and CXCR4 rs2228014 was also assessed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS CXCL12 rs1801157 was associated with HPV infection in the allelic distribution as well in the codominant, dominant and recessive genetic models; as well with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and CC in the codominant and dominant models. CXCR4 rs2228014 was associated to HPV infection in the codominant model and allelic distribution; as well with SIL/CC in the codominant, dominant and allelic models. Independent associations were found for CXCL12 AA genotype and HPV infection, SIL and CC development, as well as, CXCR4 allele T and HPV infection and CC. The variants interaction analysis demonstrated that the presence of both polymorphisms increases the susceptibility of HPV infection in 10.1 times, SIL (2 times) and CC development in 4.2 times. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study demonstrating that the interaction of CXCL12 and CXCR4 variants contributes to the increased susceptibility of HPV infection, squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer development.
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2
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Cytokine response following perturbation of the cervicovaginal milieu during HPV genital infection. Immunol Res 2021; 69:255-263. [PMID: 33939124 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are oncogenic viruses causing most cervical cancers. Highly prevalent in young, sexually active women, only a minority of HPV infections persist. To better characterize the immuno-modulatory impact of early HPV infections, we measured changes in a panel of 20 cytokines in cervicovaginal samples collected from young women who were tested for HPV and self-reported for genital inflammation and infection symptoms. Multi-factor statistical analyses revealed that increased IL-1Alpha and IL-12/IL-23p40 concentrations were associated with HPV infection and that macrophage inflammatory proteins were associated in particular with high-risk HPV infections. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02946346.
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3
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IL-6 and IL-10 in the serum and exfoliated cervical cells of patients infected with high-risk human papillomavirus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248639. [PMID: 33750983 PMCID: PMC7984643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. While some cytokines help immune cells in virus clearance, others contribute to the persistence of infection and neoplastic progression. Here, the levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-2 were quantified in the serum and exfoliated cervical cells (ECCs) of patients with HR-HPV, and the presence of IL-6+ cells was investigated in uterine cervix biopsies. Cytokine levels in the serum and ECCs of 26 HR-HPV DNA-positive patients and 18 HPV DNA-negative patients were measured using flow cytometry. Fifteen uterine cervix biopsy samples embedded in paraffin were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for the detection of IL-6+ cells. HR-HPV-positive patients showed increased IL-6 and IL-10 in the ECCs and serum, respectively. Compared with HPV DNA-positive patients, HPV DNA-negative patients had higher levels of IL-6 in ECCs. Patients with multiple infections of HPV had higher levels of IL-6 in their ECCs than those with a single infection. Immunostaining of uterine cervix biopsy samples revealed no differences in IL-6 expression between the different classes of histopathological lesions. However, differences were observed in the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-10 at the systemic and local levels in HR-HPV-positive patients without cervical lesions. Considering the functional characteristics of these cytokines, it can be inferred that such patients are prone to persistent HPV infection.
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Campisciano G, Gheit T, De Seta F, Cason C, Zanotta N, Delbue S, Ricci G, Ferrante P, Tommasino M, Comar M. Oncogenic Virome Benefits from the Different Vaginal Microbiome-Immune Axes. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E414. [PMID: 31581600 PMCID: PMC6843784 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The picture of dynamic interaction between oncogenic viruses and the vaginal bacteria-immune host milieu is incomplete. We evaluated the impact of Polyomaviridae, Papillomaviridae, and Herpesviridae oncoviruses on the vaginal Community State Types (CSTs) and host immune response in reproductive-age women. In our cohort, only Polyomaviridae and Papillomaviridae were detected and were associated with changes in the resident bacteria of CST I and IV (p < 0.05). Lactobacillus crispatus increased in CST I while Prevotella timonensis and Sneathia sanguinegens increased in CST IV. Conversely, CST II and III showed an alteration of the immune response, with the decrease of Eotaxin, MCP-1, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 (p < 0.05), leading to reduced antiviral efficacy. An efficient viral clearance was observed only in women from CST I, dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus. Our in vivo study begins to address the knowledge gap with respect to the role of vaginal bacteria and immune response in susceptibility to oncoviral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Campisciano
- Advanced Laboratory of Translational Microbiology, Institute for maternal and child health "IRCCS Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, IARC, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Francesco De Seta
- Advanced Laboratory of Translational Microbiology, Institute for maternal and child health "IRCCS Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for maternal and child health "IRCCS Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Carolina Cason
- Advanced Laboratory of Translational Microbiology, Institute for maternal and child health "IRCCS Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Medical Sciences, UNITS Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Nunzia Zanotta
- Advanced Laboratory of Translational Microbiology, Institute for maternal and child health "IRCCS Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Serena Delbue
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Via Carlo Pascal, 36, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Advanced Laboratory of Translational Microbiology, Institute for maternal and child health "IRCCS Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for maternal and child health "IRCCS Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Ferrante
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Via Carlo Pascal, 36, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, IARC, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Manola Comar
- Advanced Laboratory of Translational Microbiology, Institute for maternal and child health "IRCCS Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Medical Sciences, UNITS Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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5
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Cichoń N, Bijak M, Czarny P, Miller E, Synowiec E, Sliwinski T, Saluk-Bijak J. Increase in Blood Levels of Growth Factors Involved in the Neuroplasticity Process by Using an Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field in Post-stroke Patients. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:294. [PMID: 30319398 PMCID: PMC6168626 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroplasticity ensures the improvement of functional status in patients after stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field therapy (ELF-EMF) on brain plasticity in the rehabilitation of patients after stroke. Methods: Forty-eight patients were divided into two groups underwent the same rehabilitation program, but in the study group, the patients additionally were exposed to a standard series of 10 ELF-EMF treatments. To determine the level of neuroplasticity, we measured the plasma level of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the vascular-endothelial growth factor, as well as BDNF mRNA expression. Additionally, we determined the molecule levels for hepatocyte growth factor, stem cell factor, stromal cell-derived factor 1α, nerve growth factor β, and leukemia inhibitory factor, using 5plex cytokine panel in plasma. After 4 weeks, during which patients had undergone neurorehabilitation and neurological examinations, we assessed functional recovery using the Barthel Index, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: We observed that ELF-EMF significantly increased growth factors and cytokine levels involved in neuroplasticity, as well as promoted an enhancement of functional recovery in post-stroke patients. Additionally, we presented evidence that these effects could be related to the increase of gene expression on the mRNA level. Moreover, a change of BDNF plasma level was positively correlated with the Barthel Index, MMSE, and negatively correlated with GDS. Conclusion: Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field therapy improves the effectiveness of rehabilitation of post-stroke patients by improving neuroplasticity processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cichoń
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Michał Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Miller
- Department of Physical Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.,Neurorehabilitation Ward, III General Hospital in Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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Okuyama NCM, Cezar-Dos-Santos F, Pereira ÉR, Trugilo KP, Cebinelli GCM, Sena MM, Pereira APL, Aranome AMF, Mangieri LFL, Ferreira RS, Watanabe MAE, de Oliveira KB. Genetic variant in CXCL12 gene raises susceptibility to HPV infection and squamous intraepithelial lesions development: a case-control study. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:69. [PMID: 30227860 PMCID: PMC6145110 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus in women worldwide. The persistence of the virus may cause warts that are considered benign lesions and low or high grade intraepithelial lesions (LSIL/HSIL). Immunological system plays an important role in the resolution of infections. In this context, we highlight the chemokines, which are important regulators in the development of viral infections and inflammation. Among which CXCL12 stands out, due to its pro-inflammatory features, acting as chemoattractant recruiting immune cells. Several polymorphisms were identified in CXCL12 gene including rs1801157 in the 3′-untranslated region, which is characterized by a substitution of a guanine for an adenine. Methods In this study, 195 women were classified as HPV non-infected and 169 as HPV-infected. HPV-DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the polymorphism was assessed in blood cells through restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results HPV infection was more incident in women who had more than 4 sexual partners during lifetime (p = 0.007), among those who presented lower number of pregnancies (p = 0.017). HPV was more prevalent among allele A carriers confirmed by logistic regression analysis adjusted for several confounding factors [ORADJ = 4.985; CI95% (2.85–8.72), p < 0.001]. An association between allele A carriers and HSIL development (p = 0.003) was also observed. Conclusions In the present study, we demonstrated that CXCL12 rs1801157 is independently associated with HPV infection and exerts influence in HSIL development, suggesting it as a promising susceptibility biomarker for HPV infection and lesions development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Calvo Martins Okuyama
- Laboratory of molecular genetics and immunology, Department of Pathological Science, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cezar-Dos-Santos
- Laboratory of molecular genetics and immunology, Department of Pathological Science, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Érica Romão Pereira
- Laboratory of molecular genetics and immunology, Department of Pathological Science, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Kleber Paiva Trugilo
- Laboratory of molecular genetics and immunology, Department of Pathological Science, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Michelle Mota Sena
- Laboratory of molecular genetics and immunology, Department of Pathological Science, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lombardi Pereira
- Laboratory of molecular genetics and immunology, Department of Pathological Science, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Adriano Martin Felis Aranome
- Laboratory of molecular genetics and immunology, Department of Pathological Science, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Lasaro Mangieri
- Laboratory of molecular genetics and immunology, Department of Pathological Science, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Sanches Ferreira
- Laboratory of molecular genetics and immunology, Department of Pathological Science, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
- Laboratory of study and application of DNA polymorphism, Department of Pathological Science, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Karen Brajão de Oliveira
- Laboratory of molecular genetics and immunology, Department of Pathological Science, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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7
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Bhatia R, Kavanagh K, Stewart J, Moncur S, Serrano I, Cong D, Cubie HA, Haas JG, Busby-Earle C, Williams ARW, Howie SEM, Cuschieri K. Host chemokine signature as a biomarker for the detection of pre-cancerous cervical lesions. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18548-18558. [PMID: 29719625 PMCID: PMC5915092 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to distinguish which hrHPV infections predispose to significant disease is ever more pressing as a result of the increasing move to hrHPV testing for primary cervical screening. A risk-stratifier or “triage” of infection should ideally be objective and suitable for automation given the scale of screening. Results CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL1, CXCL8 and CXCL12 emerged as the strongest, candidate biomarkers to detect underlying disease [cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+)]. For CIN2+, CCL2 had the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.722 with a specificity of 82%. A combined biomarker panel of six chemokines CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL1, CXCL8, and CXCL12 provides a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 67%. Conclusion The present work demonstrates that the levels of five chemokine-proteins are indicative of underlying disease. We demonstrate technical feasibility and promising clinical performance of a chemokine-based biomarker panel, equivalent to that of other triage options. Further assessment in longitudinal series is now warranted. Methods A panel of 31 chemokines were investigated for expression in routinely taken archived and prospective cervical liquid based cytology (LBC) samples using Human Chemokine Proteomic Array kit. Nine chemokines were further validated using Procartaplex assay on the Luminex platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Bhatia
- Human Papillomavirus Research Group, Division of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Kavanagh
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - June Stewart
- Centre for Inflammation research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Moncur
- Centre for Inflammation research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Itziar Serrano
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Duanduan Cong
- Centre for Inflammation research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Heather A Cubie
- Global Health Academy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Juergen G Haas
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Camille Busby-Earle
- Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair R W Williams
- Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E M Howie
- Centre for Inflammation research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Cuschieri
- Scottish HPV Reference Laboratory, NHS Lothian, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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8
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Becorpi A, Campisciano G, Zanotta N, Tredici Z, Guaschino S, Petraglia F, Pieralli A, Sisti G, De Seta F, Comar M. Fractional CO 2 laser for genitourinary syndrome of menopause in breast cancer survivors: clinical, immunological, and microbiological aspects. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:1047-1054. [PMID: 29492713 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The composition of vaginal microbiome in menopause and cancer survivor women changes dramatically leading to genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) in up to 70% of patients. Recent reports suggest that laser therapy may be valuable as a not hormonal therapeutic modality. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of fractional CO2 laser treatment on the vaginal secretory pathway of a large panel of immune mediators, usually implicated in tissue remodeling and inflammation, and on microbiome composition in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. The Ion Torrent PGM platform and the Luminex Bio-Plex platform were used for microbiome and immune factor analysis. The significant reduction of clinical symptoms and the non-significant changes in vaginal microbiome support the efficacy and safety of laser treatment. Moreover, the high remodeling status in vaginal epithelium is demonstrated by the significant changes in inflammatory and modulatory cytokine patterns. Laser therapy can be used for the treatment of GSM symptoms and does not show any adverse effects. However, further studies will be needed to clarify its long-term efficacy and other effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelamaria Becorpi
- Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Woman and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Campisciano
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria 65/1, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nunzia Zanotta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria 65/1, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Zelinda Tredici
- Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Woman and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Secondo Guaschino
- Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Woman and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Woman and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pieralli
- Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Woman and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sisti
- Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Woman and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco De Seta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria 65/1, 34100, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Manola Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria 65/1, 34100, Trieste, Italy. .,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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9
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Campisciano G, Zanotta N, Licastro D, De Seta F, Comar M. In vivo microbiome and associated immune markers: New insights into the pathogenesis of vaginal dysbiosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2307. [PMID: 29396486 PMCID: PMC5797242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota fulfils a key role in the training and function of the immune system, which contributes to the symbiosis between the host and complex microbial communities. In this study, we characterized the interplay between vaginal bacteria and local immune mediators during dysbiosis in selected women of reproductive age who were grouped according to Nugent’s criteria. The abundance of Gardnerella vaginalis and Bifidobacterium breve was increased in the intermediate dysbiotic status, while the presence of a plethora of non-resident bacteria characterized the group with overt vaginosis. In response to these increases, the anti-inflammatory IL1ra and pro-inflammatory IL2 increased, while the embryo trophic factors FGFβ and GMCSF decreased compared to the healthy milieu. A specific pattern, including IL1α, IL1β, IL8, MIG, MIP1α and RANTES, distinguished the intermediate group from the vaginosis group, while IL5 and IL13, which are secreted by Th2 cells, were significantly associated with the perturbation of the commensals Lactobacilli, Gardnerella and Ureaplasma. Summarizing, we postulate that although the dysbiotic condition triggers a pro-inflammatory process, the presence of a steady state level of Th2 may influence clinical manifestations. These results raise clinically relevant questions regarding the use of vaginal immunological markers as efficacious tools to monitor microbial alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Campisciano
- SSD of Advanced Microbiology Diagnosis and Translational Research, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nunzia Zanotta
- SSD of Advanced Microbiology Diagnosis and Translational Research, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Danilo Licastro
- CBM Scrl-Genomics, Area Science Park, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco De Seta
- Medical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,SC of Gynecology - Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Manola Comar
- SSD of Advanced Microbiology Diagnosis and Translational Research, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy. .,Medical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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10
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Comar M, Monasta L, Seraceni S, Colli C, Luska V, Morassut S, Clemente L, Drabeni M, Moise G, Fontana F, Suligoi B. Chlamydia trachomatis and HPV co-infections in HIV negative men from a multi-ethnic area of Northern Italy at high prevalence of cervical malignancies. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1654-1661. [PMID: 28316071 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis and HPV coinfections in the male population are often a disregarded issue. We performed a study to evaluate the prevalence of such infections in heterosexual HIV negative men from a Northern Italy multi-ethnic area at high prevalence for cervical malignancies. Urethral swabs (US) or first-voided urine were evaluated retrospectively from 1317 patients attending Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) clinic and from 3388 outpatients attending private clinics. Informations about participants' demographic characteristics and attributes of C. trachomatis, including chronic infection, and HPV genotypes testing, were collected. Exact Fisher test, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regressions were carried out. The prevalence of C. trachomatis was 1.7% in the outpatients and 16.9% in the STI group (P < 0.0001) in which the highest frequency was observed in men of age ≤25 years. Among patients with C. trachomatis, asymptomatic HPV co-infection was detected in 33% of men from the STI clinic and in 2% of the outpatients. Out of all coinfections, 56% were due to single HPV, with a prevalence of 73% in young STI men. The distribution of HPV genotypes confirmed the increased circulation of LR-HPV42, HR-HPV51, HR-HPV52 and prHR-HPV82, and the decreasing of HR-HPV16. African nationalities and leucorrhea were significantly associated risk factors, while the regular condom use offered an effective protection. This study highlights the high prevalence of C. trachomatis and HPV asymptomatic co-infection in young HIV negative men attending the STI clinic, representing a reservoir of new HPV genotypes with potential oncogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manola Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy.,University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Silva Seraceni
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Viviana Luska
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Morassut
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Libera Clemente
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiological Analysis AAS2 "Bassa Friulana-Sontina"-S. Polo General Hospital, Monfalcone (GO), Italy
| | - Marina Drabeni
- Dermatology Center, MST/AIDS, AAS2, "Bassa Friulana-Isontina", Gorizia, Italy
| | - Gianmichele Moise
- Dermatology Center, MST/AIDS, AAS2, "Bassa Friulana-Isontina", Gorizia, Italy
| | - Francesco Fontana
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiological Analysis AAS2 "Bassa Friulana-Sontina"-S. Polo General Hospital, Monfalcone (GO), Italy
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Maritati M, Comar M, Zanotta N, Seraceni S, Trentini A, Corazza F, Vesce F, Contini C. Influence of vaginal lactoferrin administration on amniotic fluid cytokines and its role against inflammatory complications of pregnancy. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2017; 14:5. [PMID: 28289333 PMCID: PMC5310020 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-017-0152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background An altered amniotic cytokine profile has been reported in inflammatory pregnancy complications with a leading role for IL-6, a marker of the foetal systemic inflammatory response. Up to this date there is no exhaustive information neither on the foetal cytokine balance nor on the best method for its modulation. We aimed to evaluate the influence of vaginal lactoferrin administration on amniotic fluid concentration of 47 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Methods Sixty women undergoing genetic amniocentesis were enrolled in an open-label clinical trial. 300 mg of vaginal lactoferrin (Florence, Italy) were randomly administered to obtain 3 groups: A, 20 untreated patients; B and C (20 patients in each) respectively treated 4 and 12 h before amniocentesis. Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors concentrations were quantified by a magnetic bead Luminex multiplex immunoassays panel technology. Data analysis was performed with the software Stata (v. 13.1) and GraphPad Prism (v. 5). Group comparisons were performed using Kruskal–Wallis followed by Mann–Whitney U tests, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Among the 47 tested mediators, 24 (51.06%) were influenced by lactoferrin. 11 (23.4%), showed a highly significant difference (p <0.001); among these IL-9, IL-15, IFN-γ, IP-10, TNF-α, IL-1α and MCP-3 underwent a down-regulation, while IL-17 and FGF-basic, G-CSF, GM-CSF an up-regulation. Difference between group C and both B and A was small for IL-15, IP-10, IL-1α, MCP-3, while it was negligible for IL-9, IFN-γ and TNF-α. IL-17 and the 3 growth factors were strongly enhanced in B and C groups. IL-17, FGF-basic and GM-CSF showed increasing concentrations in both B and C groups, while G-CSF resulted up-regulated only in group C. Significance was intermediate (p < 0.01) for the down regulated IL-2RA, IL-12p40 and IFNα2 (6.38%) while it was small for 10 mediators (21.27%) 7 of which (IL-2, IL-4, eotaxin, PDGF-BB, RANTES, IL-18 and MIF) down-regulated and 3 (MCP-1, IL-3, and SDF-1α) up-regulated. Conclusion Lactoferrin down-regulates 17 pro-inflammatory amniotic mediators while up-regulating 7 anti-inflammatory amniotic mediators, 5 of which definitively belonging to an anti-inflammatory profile. These findings open to clinical investigation on its use against inflammatory complications of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Maritati
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manola Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Nunzia Zanotta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silva Seraceni
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Corazza
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit Hospital of Cento, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fortunato Vesce
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, I 44 100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Contini
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Cason C, Campisciano G, Zanotta N, Valencic E, Delbue S, Bella R, Comar M. SV40 Infection of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Wharton's Jelly Drives the Production of Inflammatory and Tumoral Mediators. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:3060-3066. [PMID: 27925194 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (WJSCs) are a source of cells with high potentiality for the treatment of human immunological disorders. Footprints of the oncogenic viruses Simian Virus 40 (SV40) and JC Virus (JCPyV) have been recently detected in human WJSCs specimens. The aim of this study is to evaluate if WJSCs can be efficiently infected by these Polyomaviruses and if they can potentially exert tumoral activity. Cell culture experiments indicated that WJSCs could sustain both SV40 and JCPyV infections. A transient and lytic replication was observed for JCPyV, while SV40 persistently infected WJSCs over a long period of time, releasing a viral progeny at low titer without evident cytopathic effect (CPE). Considering the association between SV40 and human tumors and the reported ability of the oncogenic viruses to drive the host innate immune response to cell transformation, the expression profile of a large panel of immune mediators was evaluated in supernatants by the Bioplex platform. RANTES, IL-3, MIG, and IL-12p40, involved in chronic inflammation, cells differentiation, and transformation, were constantly measured at high concentration comparing to control. These findings represent a new aspect of SV40 biological activity in the humans, highlighting its interaction with specific host cellular pathways. In view of these results, it seems to be increasingly urgent to consider Polyomaviruses in the management of WJSCs for their safely use as promising therapeutic source. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 3060-3066, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cason
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Nunzia Zanotta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Erica Valencic
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ramona Bella
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Manola Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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13
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Woodby B, Scott M, Bodily J. The Interaction Between Human Papillomaviruses and the Stromal Microenvironment. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 144:169-238. [PMID: 27865458 PMCID: PMC5727914 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, double-stranded DNA viruses that replicate in stratified squamous epithelia and cause a variety of malignancies. Current efforts in HPV biology are focused on understanding the virus-host interactions that enable HPV to persist for years or decades in the tissue. The importance of interactions between tumor cells and the stromal microenvironment has become increasingly apparent in recent years, but how stromal interactions impact the normal, benign life cycle of HPVs, or progression of lesions to cancer is less understood. Furthermore, how productively replicating HPV impacts cells in the stromal environment is also unclear. Here we bring together some of the relevant literature on keratinocyte-stromal interactions and their impacts on HPV biology, focusing on stromal fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. We discuss how HPV oncogenes in infected cells manipulate other cells in their environment, and, conversely, how neighboring cells may impact the efficiency or course of HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Woodby
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - M Scott
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - J Bodily
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States.
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