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Dobreva I, Thomas J, Marr A, O'Connell R, Roche M, Hannaway N, Dore C, Rose S, Liu K, Bhome R, Baldwin-Jones S, Roberts J, Archibald N, Alston D, Amar K, Edwards E, Foley JA, Haunton VJ, Henderson EJ, Jha A, Lindop F, Magee C, Massey L, Ruiz-Mendoza E, Mohamed B, Patterson K, Ramaswamy B, Schrag A, Silverdale M, Suárez-González A, Subramanian I, Foltynie T, Williams-Gray CH, Yarnall AJ, Carroll C, Bale C, Hugill C, Weil RS. Improving Conversations about Parkinson's Dementia. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024; 11:814-824. [PMID: 38696333 PMCID: PMC11233842 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with Parkinson's disease (PD) have an increased risk of dementia, yet patients and clinicians frequently avoid talking about it due to associated stigma, and the perception that "nothing can be done about it". However, open conversations about PD dementia may allow people with the condition to access treatment and support, and may increase participation in research aimed at understanding PD dementia. OBJECTIVES To co-produce information resources for patients and healthcare professionals to improve conversations about PD dementia. METHODS We worked with people with PD, engagement experts, artists, and a PD charity to open up these conversations. 34 participants (16 PD; 6 PD dementia; 1 Parkinsonism, 11 caregivers) attended creative workshops to examine fears about PD dementia and develop information resources. 25 PD experts contributed to the resources. RESULTS While most people with PD (70%) and caregivers (81%) shared worries about cognitive changes prior to the workshops, only 38% and 30%, respectively, had raised these concerns with a healthcare professional. 91% of people with PD and 73% of caregivers agreed that PD clinicians should ask about cognitive changes routinely through direct questions and perform cognitive tests at clinic appointments. We used insights from the creative workshops, and input from a network of PD experts to co-develop two open-access resources: one for people with PD and their families, and one for healthcare professionals. CONCLUSION Using artistic and creative workshops, co-learning and striving for diverse voices, we co-produced relevant resources for a wider audience to improve conversations about PD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivelina Dobreva
- Dementia Research Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Russell Square House, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Thomas
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Marr
- Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Moïse Roche
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Hannaway
- Dementia Research Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Russell Square House, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Dore
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Rose
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Liu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rohan Bhome
- Dementia Research Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Russell Square House, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Neil Archibald
- South Tees Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Khaled Amar
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jennifer A Foley
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Univeristy College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emily J Henderson
- Ageing and Movement Research Group, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Older People's Unit, Royal United Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwani Jha
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Univeristy College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Lindop
- Parkinson's UK, London, United Kingdom
- Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy Magee
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Massey
- Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Eladia Ruiz-Mendoza
- North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough City Hospital, Peterborough, United Kingdom
| | - Biju Mohamed
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Patterson
- Dementia Research Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Russell Square House, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bhanu Ramaswamy
- Parkinson's UK, London, United Kingdom
- Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Anette Schrag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monty Silverdale
- Department of Neurology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Aida Suárez-González
- Dementia Research Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Russell Square House, London, United Kingdom
| | - Indu Subramanian
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center (PADRECC), Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tom Foltynie
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Univeristy College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline H Williams-Gray
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J Yarnall
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Camille Carroll
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Rimona S Weil
- Dementia Research Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Russell Square House, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Univeristy College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
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Griffith EE, Robbins PA, Ferede BT, Bentley-Edwards KL. Religious participation is associated with fewer dementia diagnoses among Black people in the United States. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24125. [PMID: 38940191 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Black people had the highest prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) of any racial/ethnic group in the United States (US) as of 2020. As racial disparities in the prevalence of ADRD are being investigated, more evidence is necessary to determine the pathways and mechanisms that either slow ADRD progression or improve quality of life for those affected. Religion/spirituality (R/S) has been shown to affect health outcomes but has rarely been studied as a possible pathway for reducing ADRD risk. Crucially, Black people also report higher levels of R/S than other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. This research asks if R/S affects ADRD risk among Black adults and if any effects persist after controlling for hypertension. METHODS We conducted a secondary data analysis drawing from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative longitudinal dataset with an oversampling of Black adults. RESULTS We used logistic regression analysis to demonstrate how R/S has an ameliorating impact on ADRD risk among Black people, even after controlling for hypertension. Those who never attended religious services had 2.37 higher odds of being diagnosed with ADRD than those who attended more than once a week. Further, as R/S attendance increased, ADRD risk decreased linearly. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the importance that existing cultural networks (e.g., R/S) can have for reducing ADRD burden for Black people and has important implications for the role of R/S in shaping ADRD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Griffith
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, USA
- Samuel Dubois Cook Center on Social Equity, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Paul A Robbins
- Samuel Dubois Cook Center on Social Equity, Duke University, Durham, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Bethlehem T Ferede
- Samuel Dubois Cook Center on Social Equity, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Keisha L Bentley-Edwards
- Samuel Dubois Cook Center on Social Equity, Duke University, Durham, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, USA
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Goldstein FC, Okafor M, Yang Z, Thomas T, Saleh S, Hajjar I. Subjective cognitive complaints in White and African American older adults: associations with demographic, mood, cognitive, and neuroimaging features. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2023; 30:957-970. [PMID: 37602758 PMCID: PMC10843657 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2249181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) in cognitively intact older adults have been investigated as a clinically important symptom that may portend the onset of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer's disease. Few studies have concurrently incorporated demographic features, depressive symptoms, neuropsychological status, and neuroimaging correlates of SCC and evaluated whether these differ in White and African American older adults. In the current study, 131 (77 White, 54 African American) healthy participants ≥50 years old completed the Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI) to assess SCC, and they underwent objective cognitive testing, assessment of mood, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Pearson Product Moment correlations were performed to evaluate associations of the CFI self-ratings with the above measures for the combined group and separately for White and African American participants. SCC were associated with greater depressive symptoms in both White and African American participants in adjusted models controlling for overall cognitive status, education, and hypertension. Greater white matter hyperintensities, lower cortical thickness, older age, and slower set shifting speed were associated with increased SCC in White participants. Although the correlations were not significant for African Americans, the strength of the associations were comparable to White participants. Hippocampal volume was not associated with either total SCC or items specific to memory functioning in the entire group. Longitudinal studies are needed to further evaluate the clinical significance of these associations with risk of conversion to mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maureen Okafor
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhiyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tiffany Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sabria Saleh
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ihab Hajjar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas Texas
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Webster L, Amador S, Rapaport P, Mukadam N, Sommerlad A, James T, Javed S, Roche M, Lord K, Bharadia T, Rahman-Amin M, Lang I, Livingston G. Tailoring STrAtegies for RelaTives for Black and South Asian dementia family carers in the United Kingdom: A mixed methods study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e5868. [PMID: 36642866 PMCID: PMC10107806 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We culturally adapted STrAtegies for RelaTives (START), a clinically and cost-effective intervention for dementia family carers, for Black and South Asian families. It had previously been delivered to family carers around the time of diagnosis, when most people with dementia had very mild, mild or moderate dementia. METHODS We interviewed a maximum variation sample of family carers (phase one; n = 15 South Asian; n = 11 Black) about what aspect of START, required cultural adaptation, then analysed it thematically using the Cultural Treatment Adaptation Framework then adapted it in English and into Urdu. Facilitators then delivered START individually to carers (phase two; n = 13 South Asian; n = 8 Black). We assessed acceptability and feasibility through the number of sessions attended, score for fidelity to the intervention and interviewing family carers about their experiences. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. to examine whether immediate changes in family carers' mental health were in line with previous studies. RESULTS In phase one we made adaptations to peripheral elements of START, clarifying language, increasing illustrative vignettes numbers, emphasising privacy and the facilitator's cultural competence and making images ethnically diverse. In phase two 21 family carers consented to receive the adapted intervention; 12 completed ≥5/8 sessions; four completed fewer sessions and five never started. Baseline HADS score (n = 21) was 14.4 (SD = 9.8) but for those who we were able to follow up was 12.3 (SD 8.1) and immediately post-intervention was 11.3 (n = 10; SD = 6.1). Family carers were positive about the adapted START and continued to use elements after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Culturally adapted START was acceptable and feasible in South Asian and Black UK-based family carers and changes in mental health were in line with those in the original clinical trial. Our study shows that culturally inclusive START was also acceptable. Changes made in adaptations were relevant to all populations. We now use the adapted version for all family carers irrespective of ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Webster
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK.,Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | | | - Penny Rapaport
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Naaheed Mukadam
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew Sommerlad
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Kathryn Lord
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Trishna Bharadia
- Patient and Public Representative & Patient Author, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | | | - Iain Lang
- Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Boyle LD, Husebo BS, Vislapuu M. Promotors and barriers to the implementation and adoption of assistive technology and telecare for people with dementia and their caregivers: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1573. [PMID: 36550456 PMCID: PMC9780101 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most pressing issues in our society is the provision of proper care and treatment for the growing global health challenge of ageing. Assistive Technology and Telecare (ATT) is a key component in facilitation of safer, longer, and independent living for people with dementia (PwD) and has the potential to extend valuable care and support for caregivers globally. The objective of this study was to identify promotors and barriers to implementation and adoption of ATT for PwD and their informal (family and friends) and formal (healthcare professionals) caregivers. METHODS Five databases Medline (Ovid), CINAHL, Web of Science, APA PsycINFO and EMBASE were searched. PRISMA guidelines have been used to guide all processes and results. Retrieved studies were qualitative, mixed-method and quantitative, screened using Rayyan and overall quality assessed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and Mixed Methods Assessment Tool (MMAT). Certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria and assigned within categories of high, moderate, or low. NVivo was used for synthesis and analysis of article content. A narrative synthesis combines the study findings. RESULTS Thirty studies (7 quantitative, 19 qualitative and 4 mixed methods) met the inclusion criteria. Identified primary promotors for the implementation and adoption of ATT were: personalized training and co-designed solutions, safety for the PwD, involvement of all relevant stakeholders, ease of use and support, and cultural relevance. Main barriers for the implementation and adoption of ATT included: unintended adverse consequences, timing and disease progress, technology anxiety, system failures, digital divide, and lack of access to or knowledge of available ATT. CONCLUSION The most crucial elements for the adoption of ATT in the future will be a focus on co-design, improved involvement of relevant stakeholders, and the adaptability (tailoring related to context) of ATT solutions over time (disease process).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia D. Boyle
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, 5009 Bergen, Norway ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, 5009 Bergen, Norway ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Neuro-SysMed Center, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norge
| | - Bettina S. Husebo
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, 5009 Bergen, Norway ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Neuro-SysMed Center, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norge
| | - Maarja Vislapuu
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, 5009 Bergen, Norway ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Neuro-SysMed Center, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norge
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Mfene XP, Pillay BJ. Knowledge of dementia and dementia care in a cross-sectional sample of individuals living in rural and urban areas in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00812463221139651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of dementia is considered one of the facilitators of dementia risk reduction because it has been linked to early detection, diagnosis, and help-seeking in people with dementia. This study explored knowledge of dementia symptoms, causes, and care in a community sample of individuals living in rural and urban areas in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A cross-sectional household study of 300 participants, ⩾ 18 years old, using semi-structured individual interviews was conducted. Of the 300 participants, 94% recognised the presence of the cognitive decline symptoms, and 12.4% identified the symptoms as dementia. Participants emphasised biological and medical risk factors over socio-cultural factors. Although the participants primarily adopted a biomedical understanding of dementia, with a small number acknowledging a traditional understanding, they preferred a multi-disciplinary approach to care. Participants advocated for a multidisciplinary care approach that included medical, family, social work, mental health services, and spiritual and traditional care for people with dementia and their families. Therefore, policy and care services for African people with dementia and their families need to holistically integrate multiple care approaches. This will maximise the benefit of public health interventions while also building capacity in our understaffed and burdened healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basil Joseph Pillay
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
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Amponsem S, Wolverson E, Clarke C. The meaning and experience of hope by people living with dementia as expressed through poetry. DEMENTIA 2022; 22:125-143. [DOI: 10.1177/14713012221137469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Narratives of dementia can undermine the ability of people to live well. Positive psychology, concerned with the cultivation of personal strengths, is a model through which people’s capacity to have positive experiences can be researched. This study explored the meanings and experiences of hope, a positive psychological construct found to facilitate well-being, in people with dementia. Methods People with dementia submitted poems about the meanings and their experiences of hope through an online platform. The submitted poems ( n = 29) underwent thematic analysis. Findings There were three main themes: (1) “ hope is light in the darkness” encapsulated the meaning ascribed to hope as a resource that spotlights what is still possible, (2) “ poetry gives voice to experiences of hope” captured the role of poetry in communicating the otherwise elusive concept of hope, and (3 )“peers uphold hope and cast away the darkness” captured that participants’ hope was blocked by stigmatising views held and expressed by others but facilitated through positive social interactions. Conclusions People are capable of having hope in the context of dementia, with hope being a uniquely functional strength that supports wellbeing. Health professionals, family and society have a clear role in supporting people with dementia to maintain their hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheriffa Amponsem
- Department of Psychological Health, Wellbeing and Social Work, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Emma Wolverson
- Department of Psychological Health, Wellbeing and Social Work, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Cheston R, Dodd E, Christopher G, White P, Wildschut T, Sedikides C. The Development and Validation of the Threat of Dementia Scale. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2022; 94:496-514. [PMID: 32976020 PMCID: PMC8958640 DOI: 10.1177/0091415020957388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dementia represents a substantial threat to the self. However, to date, there is no reliable way to measure how threatened people feel by dementia. This article reports on two online studies. In Study 1, 248 participants rated statements about dementia according to their threat to well-being. In Study 2, 99 participants (all students at the University of the West of England) completed the emerging scale (the Threat of Dementia Scale or ToDS). We validated this by examining its associations with conceptually related measures, including the revised Fraboni Scale of Ageism and the Fear of Alzheimer's Disease Scale. Study 1 yielded 13 statements that were highly intercorrelated and comprised a single factor. In Study 2, the ToDS demonstrated good construct validity and acceptable test-retest reliability. Higher levels of distancing predicted lower scores on the ToDS. The ToDS is a reliable and valid instrument that is the first statistically validated method of examining the extent to which dementia threatens well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Cheston
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Emily Dodd
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Gary Christopher
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul White
- Applied Statistics Group, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Tim Wildschut
- Psychology Department, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Guerra S, James T, Rapaport P, Livingston G. Experience of UK Latin Americans caring for a relative living with dementia: A qualitative study of family carers. DEMENTIA 2022; 21:1574-1595. [PMID: 35437051 DOI: 10.1177/14713012221076954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most studies of the Latin American immigrant experience and care for relatives living with dementia have been in the United States (US). In the United Kingdom (UK), unlike the US, most Latin Americans are first generation immigrants and are a rapidly increasing population. Therefore, we aimed to explore the UK experiences of Latin Americans caring for a relative with dementia. METHODS We purposively recruited UK-based Latin American family carers of people with dementia ensuring maximum diversity. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews (in English or Spanish) with 11 family carers, stopping recruiting when we reached thematic saturation. We took an inductive thematic analytic approach. FINDINGS Four main themes were identified: (1) Family comes first, particularly older people, leading to an obligation to care; (2) dementia as an illness that is accepted and talked about, which is regarded as positive with close networks but not wider society; (3) difficult behaviours are not the responsibility of the person with dementia, who is often conceptualised as a child; and (4) caring expectations lead to incompatibility with formal services, and a reluctance to leave people with dementia alone. CONCLUSIONS Familial obligation is the driver for family carers and acceptance of the illness helped despite adversities. Openness to talk about dementia with close networks was distinctive and helpful, contrasting with wider society, where greater awareness of dementia is needed. Considering the person with dementia as a child did not seem to undermine personhood and enabled maintenance of compassion. The relative with dementia was a priority. There was a lack of culturally and linguistically appropriate services, thus restricting family carers' ability to fulfil other roles, such as parental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanny Guerra
- Division of Psychiatry, 4919University College of London, London, UK
| | - Tiffeny James
- Division of Psychiatry, 4919University College of London, London, UK
| | - Penny Rapaport
- Division of Psychiatry, 4919University College of London, London, UK
| | - Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, 4919University College of London, London, UK
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Understanding help-seeking decisions in people with subjective cognitive decline: A systematic review of qualitative studies. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 42:1507-1516. [PMID: 34735997 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize the findings of qualitative research on help-seeking in people with subjective cognitive decline. METHODS Relevant qualitative studies were identified by searching the PubMed, CINAHL, Ovid Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Studies that investigated help-seeking behavior in older adults with subjective cognitive decline were retrieved. The systematic review was conducted in line with JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. RESULTS 11 studies were included and three themes related to the process of help-seeking for cognitive problems emerged. These themes included: detected changes, challenges in identifying the need for help and decision to seek professional help. CONCLUSION Making decisions to seek help for people with subjective cognitive decline is a multi-stage process. A better understanding of the complex psychological responses to subjective cognitive decline among older adults may help health care professionals to develop strategies to improve help-seeking in clinical practice.
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Socio-Economic Disparities in Access to Diagnostic Neuroimaging Services in the United Kingdom: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010633. [PMID: 34682379 PMCID: PMC8535632 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Socio-economic factors affecting health care can lead to delays in diagnosis of neurological conditions, consequentially affecting treatment and morbidity rates. This inequality in health care can leave patients from lower socio-economic backgrounds more vulnerable to a poorer quality of care from health care providers in the United Kingdom (U.K.). Aims: In this systematic review, we assess the impact of socio-economic status on the use of diagnostic neuroimaging in the U.K., measured by the timeliness, accessibility and appropriate use of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, electroencephalography (EEG) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). We specifically evaluate the non-surgical use of neuroimaging techniques as this relies on the judgment of primary care-givers (e.g., doctors and radiologists), where health disparities are most common. This study includes the analysis of diagnostic imaging used for dementia, minor head injury, stroke, cancer, epilepsy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and Parkinson’s disease. With this study, we aim to assess the health inequalities at disease diagnosis. Methods: Using Medline (via Ovid), PubMed and Web of Science databases as sources of information, we critically appraise existing studies on neuroimaging use in the U.K. health care system, published between January 2010 and February 2021. Findings: A total of 18 studies were included in this research, revealing that there was an increase in patients of Black and Asian communities diagnosed with dementia and at an earlier age. There was little evidence to suggest that a lack of access to diagnostic imaging is associated with socio-economic status. However, there are data to suggest that people of a lower socio-economic background require more specialist services with diagnostic neuroimaging tools. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that diagnostic neuroimaging techniques could be utilised more effectively by health care workers to prevent unnecessary delays in diagnosis for patients in lower socio-economic areas.
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Milne R, Altomare D, Ribaldi F, Molinuevo JL, Frisoni GB, Brayne C. Societal and equity challenges for Brain Health Services. A user manual for Brain Health Services-part 6 of 6. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:173. [PMID: 34635173 PMCID: PMC8507368 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Brain Health Services are a novel approach to the personalized prevention of dementia. In this paper, we consider how such services can best reflect their social, cultural, and economic context and, in doing so, deliver fair and equitable access to risk reduction. We present specific areas of challenge associated with the social context for dementia prevention. The first concentrates on how Brain Health Services engage with the "at-risk" individual, recognizing the range of factors that shape an individual's risk of dementia and the efficacy of risk reduction measures. The second emphasizes the social context of Brain Health Services themselves and their ability to provide equitable access to risk reduction. We then elaborate proposals for meeting or mitigating these challenges. We suggest that considering these challenges will enable Brain Health Services to address two fundamental questions: the balance between an individualized "high-risk" and population focus for public health prevention and the ability of services to meet ethical standards of justice and health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Milne
- Society and Ethics Research Group, Wellcome Connecting Science, Hinxton, UK.
- Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Daniele Altomare
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Federica Ribaldi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), Saint John of God Clinical Research Centre, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Fletcher JR. Black knowledges matter: How the suppression of non-white understandings of dementia harms us all and how we can combat it. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2021; 43:1818-1825. [PMID: 34002398 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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Roche M, Higgs P, Aworinde J, Cooper C. A Review of Qualitative Research of Perception and Experiences of Dementia Among Adults From Black, African, and Caribbean Background: What and Whom Are We Researching? THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 61:e195-e208. [PMID: 32077938 PMCID: PMC8276611 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Black, African, and Caribbean (BAC) families are disproportionately affected by dementia but engage less with services. Studies reporting their experiences of dementia have tended to aggregate people from diverse backgrounds, without considering the impact of this diversity, or researchers' ethnicities. We investigated participants' and researchers' ethnic identities, exploring how this relates to findings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We searched electronic databases in September 2018, for qualitative studies exploring how participants of Black ethnicity understand and experience dementia and dementia care. We reported participants' and researchers' ethnicities, and meta-synthesized qualitative findings regarding how ethnicity influences experiences and understanding of dementia. RESULTS Twenty-eight papers reported 25 studies; in United States (n = 17), United Kingdom (n = 7), and Netherlands (n = 1). 350/492 (71%) of participants were in U.S. studies and described as African American; participants in U.K. studies as Caribbean (n = 45), African/Caribbean (n = 44), African (n = 28), Black British (n = 7), or Indo-Caribbean (n = 1); and in Netherlands as Surinamese Creole (n = 17). 6/25 (24%) of studies reported involving recruiters/interviewers matching participants' ethnicity; and 14/25 (56%) involved an author/advisor from a BAC background during analysis/procedures. We identified four themes: Dementia does not relate to me; Inappropriate and disrespectful services; Kinship and responsibility; Importance of religion. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Studies were mostly from a U.S. African American perspective, by researchers who were not of BAC background. Themes of dementia diagnosis and services feeling less relevant to participants than the majority population resonated across studies. We caution against the racialization of these findings, which can apply to many differing minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moïse Roche
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK
| | - Paul Higgs
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK
| | - Jesutofunmi Aworinde
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College London, UK
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15
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Lasrado R, Baker S, Zubair M, Kaiser P, Lasrado VJ, Rizzo M, Govia I, Edge D. Exploring Dementia Care Systems Across the African Caribbean Diaspora: A Scoping Review and Consultation Exercise. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 61:e209-e227. [PMID: 32301487 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding the influences of marginalized cultural and social identities as experienced by the African Caribbean diaspora within the context of dementia care is essential to minimize the gaps in current practice and policy in the health care setting. This study explores the impact of marginalized identities upon the meaning-making process, access to services and experience of care provisions through a scoping review and consultancy exercises with key stakeholders. RESEARCH DESIGN Fourteen databases were searched using key terms. Primary studies in English, any year, study design, and country of origin were eligible. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened for inclusion and data were extracted in stages. Thematic analysis was performed and the findings were discussed in a series of consultation meetings with people with dementia, carers, and health care professionals in Manchester (United Kingdom) and Jamaica. RESULTS The scoping review retrieved n = 1,989 research articles. Nineteen were included, most were qualitative (n = 14), 3 quantitative, and 2 mixed-method. The findings revealed limited insight into cultural and multiple individual identities in explaining conceptualization and service access. Consultation meetings confirmed these findings and highlighted differences in health care services and systems in the United Kingdom and Jamaica. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study suggests there is a complex interaction of sociocultural processes that marginalize African Caribbean persons in and across various national settings within the context of dementia care. The study highlights the importance of acknowledging and addressing how prevalent racialized- and class-based divides and related marginalized social locations are reflected in inequities in access to and use of dementia services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Lasrado
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Sophie Baker
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Wales, UK
| | - Maria Zubair
- Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Polly Kaiser
- Life Story Network CIC, Bolton, UK.,Pennine Care NHS foundation trust, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK
| | | | | | - Ishtar Govia
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Jamaica
| | - Dawn Edge
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, The University of Manchester, UK
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16
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Yap KH, Warren N, Allotey P, Reidpath D. Challenges for Diagnostic Clarity for Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment and Behavioural Issues in Middle-Income Countries: Case Studies From Malaysia. Front Neurol 2021; 12:628876. [PMID: 34149589 PMCID: PMC8206537 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.628876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Following stroke, individuals require ongoing screening, diagnosis and monitoring for cognitive impairment. Services and policies around these vary widely between settings, and reports from many countries highlight persistent under-diagnosis of cognitive impairment in the months and years after stroke. Missed and delayed diagnosis of post-stroke cognitive impairment, including dementia, are important factors in shaping the experiences of people so affected and their family members, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Drawing upon ethnographic research conducted in Malaysia, this article draws upon three case studies to examine the continued health-seeking behaviour after the appearance of salient cognitive and behavioural symptoms that occurred after stroke. Findings highlight the challenges in getting formal diagnostic clarity for cognitive and behavioural symptoms in a rural setting within a middle-income country. No study participants sought help for memory or cognitive problems, partly due to limited lay awareness of cognitive impairment but more significantly due to health service factors. Despite their elevated risk for dementia, participants were not monitored for cognitive impairment during any follow-up care in various health facilities. Furthermore, caregivers' attempts to seek help when behavioural issues became untenable were met with multiple health system barriers. The journey was complicated by the meanings attached to the reactions towards cognitive symptoms at the community level. We suggest that strategies seek to increase the awareness of post-stroke cognitive and behavioural symptoms, and incorporate clear treatment pathways into the long-term care plans of community-dwelling stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwong Hsia Yap
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Narelle Warren
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Pascale Allotey
- International Institute for Global Health, United Nations University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Daniel Reidpath
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr, b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ronchetto F, Ronchetto M. Biological diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and the issue of stigma. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS 2021. [DOI: 10.36150/2499-6564-n327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Talbot CV, O'Dwyer ST, Clare L, Heaton J. The use of Twitter by people with young-onset dementia: A qualitative analysis of narratives and identity formation in the age of social media. DEMENTIA 2021; 20:2542-2557. [PMID: 33765848 PMCID: PMC8564236 DOI: 10.1177/14713012211002410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A diagnosis of dementia in midlife can be challenging, causing losses or changes in a
person’s identity. Narrative provides a means of reconstructing identity and can be
communicated on social media. There has been initial evidence on the value of Twitter for
people with dementia, but researchers have not yet directly engaged with users’
perspectives. We employed a narrative model of identity to examine why people with
dementia use Twitter and what challenges they face. Interviews were conducted with 11
younger people with dementia and analysed thematically. Participants used Twitter to
counter a loss of identity through community membership and by regaining a sense of
purpose. They sought to redefine dementia identities by challenging stigma and campaigning
for social change. The character limit of tweets facilitated narrative through which
participants preserved their identities. These findings suggest that Twitter could be an
important source of post-diagnostic support for people with young-onset dementia. However,
there are some risks as Twitter was sometimes a hostile environment for individuals who
did not present in a ‘typical’ manner, or faced technical difficulties because of their
symptoms. In the future, platform developers could work with people with dementia to make
Twitter more accessible for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linda Clare
- College of Medicine and Health, 171002University of Exeter, UK
| | - Janet Heaton
- Division of Rural Health and Wellbeing, 7709University of the Highlands and Islands, UK
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Ma M, Joshi G. Unpacking the Complexity of Migrated Older Adults' Lives in the UK through an Intersectional Lens: A Qualitative Systematic Review. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 62:e402-e417. [PMID: 33693592 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The intersection of population ageing and international migration increases the ethnic and cultural diversity of the UK's older population, which has significant implications for health and care services and requires social inclusion and equal access to welfare. This review aimed to explore the complexity of migrated older adults' lives and analyse how their multiple identity markers interweave and affect their lived experiences. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This review is a qualitative systematic review. Intersectionality was applied as a theoretical scaffold to inform the qualitative thematic synthesis of the data. RESULTS A total of 29 studies in the period 2000-2020 were included. Three themes- language barriers, racism and discrimination, negotiating cultural influences, were identified as common challenges faced by migrated older adults. However, the degree of these challenges and the resources to buffer their effects vary dramatically given the significant differences in older migrated adults' gender, socio-economic status (SES), cultural backgrounds and migration pathways. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Rather than focusing on any single factor, it is required to consider the intersection of age, race, ethnicity, gender, SES, and migration status when understand and address inequality not only between migrated older adults and native older adults, among different migrated older adult groups but also within any certain group. This review calls for the acknowledgment and awareness of policymakers, care and service practitioners and academics on the heterogeneity of migrated older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Ma
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK.,Department of Social Work, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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James T, Mukadam N, Sommerlad A, Guerra Ceballos S, Livingston G. Culturally tailored therapeutic interventions for people affected by dementia: a systematic review and new conceptual model. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2021; 2:e171-e179. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(21)00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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21
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A National Memory Clinic Survey to Assess Provision for People from Diverse Ethnic Backgrounds in England and Wales. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041456. [PMID: 33557171 PMCID: PMC7913949 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
English national guidelines regarding dementia assessment and management recommend consideration of cultural and linguistic diversity when assessing people with cognitive complaints. To date there has been no assessment of adherence to these guidelines. We aimed to assess whether current services provided in memory assessment services (MAS) adhere to national policy, in their approach to the assessment and management of individuals with memory problems from minority ethnic backgrounds. We sent a survey to 213 memory services in England and Wales. Twenty MAS from seven regions responded to the survey. We found that 80% (16) provided translated resources, 70% (14) used cognitive assessment tools that are culturally sensitive and appropriate, and 65% (13) showed good use of sufficiently skilled and knowledgeable interpreters. Communication barriers, particularly language, were raised as a potential obstacle to diagnosing minority ethnic patients. Memory clinics appear to reflect national policy for the assessment and management of memory problems in minority ethnic patients. However, only a minority of services responded and they may be more engaged in considering these populations. We need wider knowledge of practice to explore how guidelines support healthcare professional’s assessment of patients from minority ethnic groups in memory service diagnostic procedures.
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22
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Health Inequities in the Care Pathways for People Living with Young- and Late-Onset Dementia: From Pre-COVID-19 to Early Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020686. [PMID: 33466948 PMCID: PMC7831042 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Little is known about how people with dementia and/or their family carers access health and social care services after a diagnosis. The aim of this study was to explore potential inequalities in care pathways for people with young-onset and late on-set dementia (YOD/LOD), including their family carers, with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurring throughout the course of the study and enabling a comparison between pre-pandemic and COVID-19 times. Methods: People with YOD and LOD with their family carers were recruited via local support groups in the North West Coast region of England. Semi-structured interviews explored the experiences of people with YOD and LOD and family carers on their access to both health and social care services and community-based services. Transcripts were coded by two researchers and analysed using thematic analysis. Fifteen interviews were conducted with seven people with YOD or LOD and 14 family carers between January and March 2020. Some interviews were conducted only with the person with dementia, because they did not have a family carer, and others were conducted only with the family carer, because the person with dementia was in the severe stages of the condition. Results: Four themes emerged from the interviews: (1) Getting the ball rolling: the process of diagnosis; (2) Balancing the support needs of people with dementia and carers; (3) Barriers to accessing support; and (4) Facilitators to accessing support. Inequities existed for both YOD and LOD, with emerging evidence of unequal experiences in accessing care at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion: People with YOD and LOD and their carers require better support in accessing services after a diagnosis. Greater understanding of the pathways through which inequalities materialise are needed, especially those that might have been disrupted or exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Aghvinian M, Santoro AF, Gouse H, Joska JA, Linda T, Thomas KGF, Robbins RN. Taking the Test: A Qualitative Analysis of Cultural and Contextual Factors Impacting Neuropsychological Assessment of Xhosa-Speaking South Africans. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 36:976-980. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
There is an urgent need to make neuropsychological (NP) testing more acceptable, accessible, and culturally salient, particularly for culturally, educationally, and linguistically diverse individuals from countries who may have little-to-no experience with NP testing. In settings with limited resources such as South Africa, unique cultural and contextual factors (e.g., structural inequality, poverty) may impact the experience of NP evaluation. Research in this area is limited and requires further exploration. This qualitative study explores the role of cultural and contextual factors that may impact the experience of NP evaluation in a sample of Xhosa-speaking South African adults. Participant interviews explored the context from which individuals arrived at the NP assessment (e.g., quality of education, understanding of cognitive disorders), and their experience of completing NP tests.
Method
This qualitative study used data from semistructured interviews to conduct a thematic analysis exploring contextual factors and the experience of completing NP tests for the first time among Xhosa-speaking South African adults (N = 22). Results: Although no participants had prior experience with NP testing, most found testing procedures acceptable. Most participants, however, reported a limited understanding of the purpose of NP testing and cognitive problems. Additionally, some participants reported perceptions and attitudes that could affect test performance, such as misinterpreting standard testing procedures (e.g., no feedback from the examiner, being stopped mid-task) as indicative of poor performance.
Conclusions
This study provided much needed exploration into unique cultural factors that may impact the experience of NP assessment in South Africa, which could bias test performance and interpretation, and may aid the field of cross-cultural NP in better serving culturally and linguistically diverse populations. In these countries, neuropsychologists may need to actively evaluate participants’ understanding of NP testing to help foster optimal assessment conditions. They may also need to educate participants on possible causes of cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Aghvinian
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Anthony F Santoro
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Hetta Gouse
- HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John A Joska
- HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Teboho Linda
- HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kevin G F Thomas
- ACSENT Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Reuben N Robbins
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, NY, USA
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Co M, Couch E, Gao Q, Mac-Ginty S, Das-Munshi J, Prina M. Access to Health Services in Older Minority Ethnic Groups with Dementia: A Systematic Review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2020; 69:822-834. [PMID: 33230815 PMCID: PMC7984264 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES While it is acknowledged that minority ethnic (ME) groups across international settings face barriers to accessing care for dementia, it is not clear whether ME groups access services less frequently as a result. The objective of this review is to examine whether ME groups have longer delays before accessing dementia/memory services, higher use of acute care and crisis services and lower use of routine care services based on existing literature. We also examined whether ME groups had higher dementia severity or lower cognition when presenting to memory services. DESIGN Systematic review with narrative synthesis. SETTING Nonresidential medical, psychiatric, memory, and emergency services. PARTICIPANTS Twenty studies totaling 94,431 older adults with dementia or mild cognitive impairment. MEASUREMENTS We searched Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Global Health, and PsycINFO from inception to November 2018 for peer-reviewed observational studies which quantified ethnic minority differences in nonresidential health service use in people with dementia. Narrative synthesis was used to analyze findings. RESULTS Twenty studies were included, mostly from the U.S. (n = 13), as well as the UK (n = 4), Australia (n = 1), Belgium (n = 1), and the Netherlands (n = 1). There was little evidence that ME groups in any country accessed routine care at different rates than comparison groups, although studies may have been underpowered. There was strong evidence that African American/Black groups had higher use of hospital inpatient services versus U.S. comparison groups. Primary care and emergency services were less well studied. Study quality was mixed, and there was a large amount of variability in the way ethnicity and service use outcomes were ascertained and defined. CONCLUSION There is evidence that some ME groups, such as Black/African American groups in the U.S., may use more acute care services than comparison populations, but less evidence for differences in routine care use. Research is sparse, especially outside the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Co
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elyse Couch
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Scarlett Mac-Ginty
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jayati Das-Munshi
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthew Prina
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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25
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Hill NL, Mogle J, Bhargava S, Whitaker E, Bhang I, Capuano AW, Arvanitakis Z, Bennett DA, Barnes LL. Differences in the Associations Between Memory Complaints and Depressive Symptoms Among Black and White Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 75:783-791. [PMID: 30102393 PMCID: PMC7328028 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gby091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether race (specifically Black or White) moderates the relationship between memory complaints and depressive symptoms in cognitively normal older adults, and if these relationships vary by memory complaint characteristics. METHODS Data from Black (n = 551) and White (n = 1,158) cognitively intact participants (Mage = 77.1, SD = 7.5; 76.6% female) in the Minority Aging Research Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project were used. Participants completed annual clinical evaluations, including the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and two memory complaint questions, over periods of up to 18 years. Ordinal mixed effects models were used to examine within-person relationships between memory complaints and depressive symptoms over time, as well as whether race moderated these associations. RESULTS Reports of greater memory change over time were associated with more depressive symptoms for both Black and White older adults. However, reports of greater frequency of memory problems were related to depressive symptoms for Black older adults only. CONCLUSION Findings suggest differential associations between memory complaints and depressive symptoms in cognitively normal Black and White older adults and call for future research to examine the influence of race and related factors on memory complaints and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki L Hill
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Jacqueline Mogle
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Sakshi Bhargava
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Emily Whitaker
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Iris Bhang
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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26
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Nguyen T, Li X. Understanding public-stigma and self-stigma in the context of dementia: A systematic review of the global literature. DEMENTIA 2020; 19:148-181. [PMID: 31920117 DOI: 10.1177/1471301218800122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Stigma negatively impact quality of life of people with dementia and their family members. Yet the literature in stigma and dementia remains scant. This article systematically reviews manifestations of and associated factors with public-stigma and self-stigma in the context of dementia. After searching and screening on the three major databases of PubMed, Embase, and psycINFO, 26 articles, including 17 quantitative papers and nine qualitative papers, were selected for synthesis. Results show consistently limited knowledge, as well as stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination of public toward people with dementia and their family caregivers. Demographic characteristics of general public were found to be associated with the level of their stigma against dementia. People with dementia and their family caregivers also perceived negative stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination from general public and healthcare professionals. They reported negative feelings of themselves and tended to delay help-seeking. Psychological factors rather than sociodemographic factors shaped self-stigma of people with dementia and their families. This systematic review highlights the need of future studies in both public-stigma and self-stigma in dementia research in different contexts and cultures, as well as the development of evidence-based and culturally competent interventions and mass media campaigns to reconstruct public perception of dementia.
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Bhanu C, Jones ME, Walters K, Petersen I, Manthorpe J, Raine R, Mukadam N, Cooper C. Physical health monitoring in dementia and associations with ethnicity: a descriptive study using electronic health records. BJGP Open 2020; 4:bjgpopen20X101080. [PMID: 32967843 PMCID: PMC7606145 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpopen20x101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Good physical health monitoring can increase quality of life for people with dementia, but the monitoring may vary and ethnic inequalities may exist. AIM To investigate UK primary care routine physical health monitoring for people with dementia by: (a) ethnic groups, and (b) comorbidity status. DESIGN & SETTING A retrospective cohort study was undertaken using electronic primary care records in the UK. METHOD Physical health monitoring was compared in people with dementia from white, black, and Asian ethnic groups and compared those with ≥1 comorbidity versus no comorbidity, from 1 April 2015 to 31 March 2016. Using the Dementia : Good Care Planning framework and expert consensus, good care was defined as receiving, within 1 year: a dementia review; a blood pressure (BP) check (at least one); a GP consultation (at least one); a weight and/or body mass index (BMI) recording (at least one); and an influenza vaccination. RESULTS Of 20 821 people with dementia, 68% received a dementia review, 80% at least one BP recording, 97% at least one GP contact, 48% a weight and/or BMI recording, and 81% an influenza vaccination in 1 year. Compared with white people, black people were 23% less likely and Asian people 16% less likely to have weight recorded (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.60 to 0.98/0.84, 0.71 to 1.00). People without comorbidities were less likely to have weight recorded (adjusted IRR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.69 to 0.79) and BP monitored (adjusted IRR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.68 to 0.75). CONCLUSION Ethnic group was not associated with differences in physical health monitoring, other than weight monitoring. Comorbidity status was associated with weight and BP monitoring. Physical health monitoring in dementia, in particular nutrition, requires improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cini Bhanu
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London Research, London, UK
| | - Mary Elizabeth Jones
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London Research, London, UK
| | - Kate Walters
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London Research, London, UK
| | - Irene Petersen
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London Research, London, UK
| | - Jill Manthorpe
- NIHR Health and Social Care Workforce Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rosalind Raine
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Naaheed Mukadam
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Cooper
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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Herat-Gunaratne R, Cooper C, Mukadam N, Rapaport P, Leverton M, Higgs P, Samus Q, Burton A. "In the Bengali Vocabulary, There Is No Such Word as Care Home": Caring Experiences of UK Bangladeshi and Indian Family Carers of People Living With Dementia at Home. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 60:331-339. [PMID: 31587053 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore experiences of South Asian carers of people with dementia receiving health or social care in the United Kingdom, purposively recruited to encompass a range of migration, economic and cultural experiences. While previous work in this area has reported carers' understanding of, and attitudes to dementia, we explored how carers' cultural identities and values influenced their experiences, negotiation of the caring role and relationship with services. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 Bangladeshi and Indian family carers of people living with dementia at home. We recruited participants from community settings in London and Bradford, UK. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and thematically analyzed. RESULTS We identified 4 themes: an expectation and duty to care, expectation and duty as a barrier to accessing formal care (family carer reluctance, care recipient reluctance, and service organization), culturally (in)sensitive care, and the importance of support from informal care networks. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Interviewees described tensions between generations with different understandings of familial care obligations. Expectations to manage led to burden and guilt, and the cost of caring, in terms of lost employment and relationships was striking. Unlike in previous studies, interviewees wanted to engage and be supported by services, but were frequently offered care models they could not accept. There was a tension between a state-provided care system obliged to provide care when there are no alternatives, and family carers who feel a duty to always provide alternatives. Informal social networks often provided valued support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Cooper
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Paul Higgs
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK
| | - Quincy Samus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Fletcher JR. Positioning ethnicity in dementia awareness research: does the use of senility risk ascribing racialised knowledge deficits to minority groups? SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2020; 42:705-723. [PMID: 31965599 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over recent decades, the importance of increasing dementia awareness has been promoted by charities, researchers and governments. In response, a large body of research has emerged that evaluates the awareness of different populations. One such population are minority ethnic communities. Associated studies typically conclude that minority ethnic groups have a poor awareness of dementia and that interventions should be developed to better educate them. Operationalisations of awareness almost always reference senility - the traditional notion that dementia is a natural outcome of ageing - a widely held belief among many populations. Senility is considered incorrect knowledge in the research literature, and those participants who identify with it are deemed to have poor awareness. Despite the researchers' claims that senility is false, the scientific evidence is inconclusive, and the concept is contested. As such, a large body of research repeatedly positions minority ethnic communities as inferior and in need of re-education based on researchers' questionable assumptions. This issue is bound up with a racialised deficit-model of science communication and wider critiques of psychiatric colonialism. In response, researchers of dementia and ethnicity should reflect on their own awareness and the ways in which they position others in relation to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Fletcher
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Novak P, Chu J, Ali MM, Chen J. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Serious Psychological Distress Among Those With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 28:478-490. [PMID: 31500897 PMCID: PMC7021571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) is a growing public health challenge. Prior research suggests that non-Hispanic whites (whites), non-Hispanic African Americans (African Americans), and Hispanics have differing risks for ADRD. OBJECTIVE To examine the existence of serious psychological distress (SPD) among whites, African Americans, and Hispanics; to calculate the predicted probability of ADRD in whites, African Americans, and Hispanics, and to decompose the differences among ADRD populations, quantifying the burden of higher SPD among African Americans and Hispanics, compared to whites. DATA AND METHOD The authors use nationally representative data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2007-2015) to estimate the association between ADRD and race, ethnicity, and SPD. Using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis, the authors estimate to what extent higher SPD among Hispanics and African Americans was associated with higher ADRD rates compared to whites. RESULTS After controlling for individuals' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and co-existing medical conditions, the presence of SPD was still significantly associated with a higher likelihood of having ADRD. The model predicted significantly higher likelihood of having ADRD among African Americans (7.1%) and Hispanics (5.7%) compared to whites (4.5%). Higher rates of having SPD among African Americans explained 15% of white-black difference and 40% of the white-Hispanic difference in ADRD rates, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a significant relationship between SPD and ADRD and that the burden of SPD was greater among African Americans and Hispanics with ADRD. Efficient screening using self-reported SPD, compared to simply using diagnoses codes of mental illness, may be more helpful to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Novak
- Department of Health Policy and Management (PN), University of Maryland College Park, School of Public Health, College Park, MD.
| | - Jun Chu
- University of Maryland College Park
| | - Mir M. Ali
- University of Maryland College Park, AND U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
| | - Jie Chen
- University of Maryland College Park
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Jones ME, Petersen I, Walters K, Bhanu C, Manthorpe J, Raine R, Mukadam N, Cooper C. Differences in Psychotropic Drug Prescribing Between Ethnic Groups of People with Dementia in the United Kingdom. Clin Epidemiol 2020; 12:61-71. [PMID: 32021472 PMCID: PMC6980848 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s222126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To test hypotheses that minority ethnic people with dementia in the UK receive fewer anti-dementia drugs and more psychotropic and anticholinergic drugs associated with harms. Patients and Methods We analyzed UK primary care electronic health records from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database (2014–2016), comparing psychotropic drug prescribing initiation and duration between people with dementia from White, Black, and Asian ethnic groups. We repeated analyses in people (aged 50+) without dementia, to explore whether any differences found reflected prescribing patterns in the general older population, or were specific to dementia. Results We included 53,718 people with and 1,648,889 people without dementia. Among people with dementia, compared to White ethnic groups, Asian people were less likely to be prescribed anti-dementia drugs when they were potentially indicated (adjusted prevalence rate ratio 0.86 (95% Confidence Interval 0.76–0.98)), and received them for on average 15 days/year less. Compared to White groups, Asian and Black individuals with dementia were no more likely to take an antipsychotic drug, but those that had were prescribed them for 17 and 27 days/year more, respectively (190.8 (179.6–199.1) and 200.7 (191.1–206.5) days). Black people were less likely to be prescribed anxiolytics/hypnotics (0.60 (0.44–0.8)), but the duration these drugs were prescribed was similar across ethnic groups. Asian people were more likely to be prescribed anticholinergic drugs (1.43 (1.19–1.73)), in analyses unadjusted for cardiovascular comorbidities. Among people without dementia, those in the Asian and Black ethnic groups were less likely to be prescribed psychotropic drugs, relative to people from White groups. Conclusion Among people with dementia, Asian groups received less potentially beneficial symptomatic treatments, and Asian and Black groups were prescribed antipsychotic drugs for longer than White ethnic groups. Our findings may indicate care inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Elizabeth Jones
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Irene Petersen
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Walters
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cini Bhanu
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jill Manthorpe
- NIHR Health and Social Care Workforce Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rosalind Raine
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Naaheed Mukadam
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Cooper
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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Perspectives of African American Older Adults on Brain Health: "Brains Get Tired Too". Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2019; 33:354-358. [PMID: 31335456 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statistics suggest that African Americans have a disproportionately high prevalence of Alzheimer disease (AD), yet are less likely to enroll in AD clinical trials than white individuals. Although research has previously identified various barriers to participation, relatively little is known about how to overcome these barriers and engage African American individuals in AD research. The purpose of this study is to better understand how African Americans conceptualize brain health and their ability to influence healthy brain aging. METHODS Three African American community advocates each facilitated a small group of African American participants over 8 to 10 sessions of a photovoice process involving discussion and sharing of images focused on brain health. Sessions were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim and photographs were uploaded. FINDINGS Participants recognized a diversity of what brain health can mean and indicated an interconnectedness between brain health and its influences. Key factors that were identified by group members as key to brain health included lifestyle factors, activity, and engagement and nature, resiliency, and positivity. DISCUSSION These emic insights into perceptions of brain health may represent important foci for targeted messaging strategies to promote brain health and research engagement within the African American population.
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Nwakasi CC, Hayes C, Fulton J, Roberts AR. A pilot qualitative study of dementia perceptions of Nigerian migrant caregivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Barriers in providing primary care for immigrant patients with dementia: GPs' perspectives. BJGP Open 2018; 2:bjgpopen18X101610. [PMID: 30723796 PMCID: PMC6348325 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpopen18x101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dementia rates are growing rapidly in all regions of the world. In the Netherlands, the incidence of dementia among older immigrants will increase twice as fast compared with the native older population. It, therefore, needs special attention. Aim To describe the barriers for providing primary care to immigrant patients (Turkish, Moroccan and Surinamese) with dementia from the perspectives of GPs. Design & setting A mixed-method study, consisting of an online survey and focus groups. Method An online survey was performed among 76 GPs working in the four biggest cities of the Netherlands. The barriers to providing primary care for immigrants with dementia were identified. Subsequently, three focus groups were carried out among 17 primary care physicians to discuss this topic further, and identify possible solutions and recommendations to improve dementia care. Results GPs experience many obstacles in the care for the immigrant patient with dementia, namely in the diagnostic process, early detection, and assessment of care needs. Strong collaboration between primary care, community care organisations, specialised memory clinics, and municipalities is needed to optimise healthcare information provision, the availability of culturally sensitive facilities, and the enhancement of healthcare professionals' training and education. Conclusion Important barriers were identified and recommendations were formulated for future healthcare policy. To be prepared and guarantee optimal care for the rising number of immigrant patients with dementia, recommendations should be implemented and effectiveness should be evaluated as soon as possible.
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Pham TM, Petersen I, Walters K, Raine R, Manthorpe J, Mukadam N, Cooper C. Trends in dementia diagnosis rates in UK ethnic groups: analysis of UK primary care data. Clin Epidemiol 2018; 10:949-960. [PMID: 30123007 PMCID: PMC6087031 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s152647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We compared incidence of dementia diagnosis by white, black, and Asian ethnic groups and estimated the proportion of UK white and black people developing dementia in 2015 who had a diagnosis for the first time in a UK-wide study. Methods We analyzed primary care electronic health records from The Health Improvement Network database between 2007 and 2015 and compared incidence of dementia diagnosis to dementia incidence from community cohort studies. The study sample comprised of 2,511,681 individuals aged 50–105 years who did not have a dementia diagnosis prior to the start of follow-up. Results A total of 66,083 individuals had a dementia diagnosis (4.87/1,000 person-years at risk, 95% CI 4.83–4.90); this incidence increased from 3.75 to 5.65/1,000 person-years at risk between 2007 and 2015. Compared with white women, the incidence of dementia diagnosis was 18% lower among Asian women (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.82, 95% CI 0.72–0.95) and 25% higher among black women (IRR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07–1.46). For men, incidence of dementia diagnosis was 28% higher in the black ethnic group (IRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.08–1.50) and 12% lower in the Asian ethnic group (IRR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76–1.01) relative to the white ethnic group. Based on diagnosis incidence in The Health Improvement Network data and projections of incidence from community cohort studies, we estimated that 42% of black men developing dementia in 2015 were diagnosed compared with 53% of white men. Conclusion People from the black ethnic group had a higher incidence of dementia diagnosis and those from the Asian ethnic group had lower incidence compared with the white ethnic group. We estimated that black men developing dementia were less likely than white men to have a diagnosis of dementia, indicating that the increased risk of dementia diagnosis reported in the black ethnic group might underestimate the higher risk of dementia in this group. It is unclear whether the lower incidence of dementia diagnosis in the Asian ethnic group reflects lower community incidence or underdiagnosis. A cohort study to determine this is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tra My Pham
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Irene Petersen
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kate Walters
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rosalind Raine
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jill Manthorpe
- Social Care Workforce Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Naaheed Mukadam
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK,
| | - Claudia Cooper
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK,
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Roche M, Mukadam N, Adelman S, Livingston G. The IDEMCare Study-Improving Dementia Care in Black African and Caribbean Groups: A feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:1048-1056. [PMID: 29744950 PMCID: PMC6055679 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a tailored evidence-based intervention, consisting of a leaflet and a letter, to encourage timely help-seeking for dementia in Black elders. METHODS Participating GP surgeries were randomised to send either the intervention or a control leaflet about ageing well to Black patients aged ≥50 years old without known dementia. We interviewed patients 2 weeks later about the intervention's acceptability using closed and open-ended questions, and they completed a Theory-of-Planned-behaviour questionnaire about what they would do if they developed memory problems, which they also completed 4 months later. RESULTS Five of 26 surgeries approached agreed to invite patients. Sixty-five patients responded, of whom 61 (93.8%) agreed to participate. At 2 weeks, we consented and interviewed 47/61 (77%), of whom 24 received the intervention, and at 4 months we followed up 43/47 (91.5%). At 2 weeks, 44/47 (93.6%) found either intervention acceptable to receive by post, including 23/24 of the intervention. Nineteen of 24 (79.2%) reported reading the intervention leaflet compared with 13/23 (56.5%) controls. The intervention leaflet made 16/24 (66.7%) think about visiting their doctor for memory problems and led 4 to help-seeking behaviour. We calculated that 191 patients and 24 surgeries are required for an efficacy trial. CONCLUSIONS Given the intervention is acceptable, inexpensive, and unlikely to cause harm, we judge it appropriate to disseminate it without a full-scale trial. Recruitment attainment, retention, and projected sample size calculation indicated feasibility for a larger trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moïse Roche
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras HospitalLondonUK
| | - Naaheed Mukadam
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras HospitalLondonUK,UCL Division of PsychiatryLondonUK
| | - Simon Adelman
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras HospitalLondonUK
| | - Gill Livingston
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras HospitalLondonUK,UCL Division of PsychiatryLondonUK
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What does the general public understand about prevention and treatment of dementia? A systematic review of population-based surveys. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196085. [PMID: 29672559 PMCID: PMC5908164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To synthesise results of population surveys assessing knowledge and attitudes about prevention and treatment of dementia. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and grey literature were searched for English language entries published between 2012 and May 2017. Survey questions were grouped using an inductive approach and responses were pooled. Results Thirty-four eligible studies and four grey literature items were identified. Surveys were conducted in Europe, the US, Eastern Asia, Israel, and Australia. Nearly half of respondents agreed that dementia is a normal and non-preventable part of ageing, but belief in the potential for prevention may be improving over time. The role of cardiovascular risk factors was poorly understood overall. Less than half of respondents reported belief in the availability of a cure for dementia. The value of seeking treatment was highly endorsed. Conclusions Results suggest that knowledge about the potential for dementia prevention and treatment remains poor but may be improving over time. Knowledge among those living in low- and middle-income countries are largely unknown, presenting challenges for the development of National action plans consistent with World Health Organization directives.
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Livingston G, Sommerlad A, Orgeta V, Costafreda SG, Huntley J, Ames D, Ballard C, Banerjee S, Burns A, Cohen-Mansfield J, Cooper C, Fox N, Gitlin LN, Howard R, Kales HC, Larson EB, Ritchie K, Rockwood K, Sampson EL, Samus Q, Schneider LS, Selbæk G, Teri L, Mukadam N. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. Lancet 2017; 390:2673-2734. [PMID: 28735855 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3419] [Impact Index Per Article: 488.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | | | - Vasiliki Orgeta
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sergi G Costafreda
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Huntley
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Kew, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sube Banerjee
- Centre for Dementia Studies, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Alistair Burns
- Centre for Dementia Studies, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jiska Cohen-Mansfield
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Heczeg Institute on Aging, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Minerva Center for Interdisciplinary Study of End of Life, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Claudia Cooper
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nick Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Laura N Gitlin
- Center for Innovative Care in Aging, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Helen C Kales
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric B Larson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm, Unit 1061, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Centre for the Health Care of Elderly People, Geriatric Medicine Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Elizabeth L Sampson
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Quincy Samus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bayview, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioural Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Aging and Health, Vestfold Health Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Linda Teri
- Department Psychosocial and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Naaheed Mukadam
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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Birtwell K, Dubrow-Marshall L. Psychological support for people with dementia: A preliminary study. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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