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Straumann N, Combes BF, Dean Ben XL, Sternke-Hoffmann R, Gerez JA, Dias I, Chen Z, Watts B, Rostami I, Shi K, Rominger A, Baumann CR, Luo J, Noain D, Nitsch RM, Okamura N, Razansky D, Ni R. Visualizing alpha-synuclein and iron deposition in M83 mouse model of Parkinson's disease in vivo. Brain Pathol 2024:e13288. [PMID: 38982662 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal alpha-synuclein (αSyn) and iron accumulation in the brain play an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Herein, we aim to visualize αSyn inclusions and iron deposition in the brains of M83 (A53T) mouse models of PD in vivo. The fluorescent pyrimidoindole derivative THK-565 probe was characterized by means of recombinant fibrils and brains from 10- to 11-month-old M83 mice. Concurrent wide-field fluorescence and volumetric multispectral optoacoustic tomography (vMSOT) imaging were subsequently performed in vivo. Structural and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 9.4 T as well as scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) were performed to characterize the iron deposits in the perfused brains. Immunofluorescence and Prussian blue staining were further performed on brain slices to validate the detection of αSyn inclusions and iron deposition. THK-565 showed increased fluorescence upon binding to recombinant αSyn fibrils and αSyn inclusions in post-mortem brain slices from patients with PD and M83 mice. Administration of THK-565 in M83 mice showed higher cerebral retention at 20 and 40 min post-intravenous injection by wide-field fluorescence compared to nontransgenic littermate mice, in congruence with the vMSOT findings. SWI/phase images and Prussian blue indicated the accumulation of iron deposits in the brains of M83 mice, presumably in the Fe3+ form, as evinced by the STXM results. In conclusion, we demonstrated in vivo mapping of αSyn by means of noninvasive epifluorescence and vMSOT imaging and validated the results by targeting the THK-565 label and SWI/STXM identification of iron deposits in M83 mouse brains ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Straumann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin F Combes
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xose Luis Dean Ben
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Juan A Gerez
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ines Dias
- Neurology Department, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Watts
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Iman Rostami
- Microscopic Anatomy and Structural Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kuangyu Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Jinghui Luo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Noain
- Neurology Department, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Deng S, Huang S, Yang A, Muir ER. Imaging ocular water inflow in the mouse with deuterium oxide MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 101:47-53. [PMID: 36965834 PMCID: PMC11104035 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal intraocular fluid flow or clearance is involved with a variety of eye diseases such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, but measurement of water exchange dynamics in the vitreous and aqueous remain challenging. 2H MRI can be used to image deuterium oxide (D₂O) as a tracer, but the signal-to-noise ratio for deuterium is low due to its low concentration, which has hampered its application to imaging the eye. To overcome this challenge, we investigated the feasibility of direct D2O MRI to measure water dynamics in the mouse eye. The balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence provided substantially higher signal-to-noise ratio for imaging D2O in fluid compared to standard gradient echo and spin echo sequences. bSSFP allowed dynamic imaging of intraocular water inflow in the mouse with 41 s temporal resolution. The inflow rate in the vitreous was found to be faster than in the aqueous. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo imaging of water inflow dynamics into the both the vitreous and aqueous in mice, which could be useful in studies of abnormal fluid exchange in rodent models of eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Deng
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Shiliang Huang
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alivia Yang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Eric R Muir
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
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3
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Straumann N, Combes BF, Dean Ben XL, Sternke-Hoffmann R, Gerez JA, Dias I, Chen Z, Watts B, Rostami I, Shi K, Rominger A, Baumann CR, Luo J, Noain D, Nitsch RM, Okamura N, Razansky D, Ni R. Visualizing alpha-synuclein and iron deposition in M83 mouse model of Parkinson's disease in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.28.546962. [PMID: 37425954 PMCID: PMC10327184 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Abnormal alpha-synuclein and iron accumulation in the brain play an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Herein, we aim at visualizing alpha-synuclein inclusions and iron deposition in the brains of M83 (A53T) mouse models of PD in vivo. Methods Fluorescently labelled pyrimidoindole-derivative THK-565 was characterized by using recombinant fibrils and brains from 10-11 months old M83 mice, which subsequently underwent in vivo concurrent wide-field fluorescence and volumetric multispectral optoacoustic tomography (vMSOT) imaging. The in vivo results were verified against structural and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 9.4 Tesla and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) of perfused brains. Brain slice immunofluorescence and Prussian blue staining were further performed to validate the detection of alpha-synuclein inclusions and iron deposition in the brain, respectively. Results THK-565 showed increased fluorescence upon binding to recombinant alpha-synuclein fibrils and alpha-synuclein inclusions in post-mortem brain slices from patients with Parkinson's disease and M83 mice. i.v. administration of THK-565 in M83 mice showed higher cerebral retention at 20 and 40 minutes post-injection by wide-field fluorescence compared to non-transgenic littermate mice, in congruence with the vMSOT findings. SWI/phase images and Prussian blue indicated the accumulation of iron deposits in the brains of M83 mice, presumably in the Fe3+ form, as evinced by the STXM results. Conclusion We demonstrated in vivo mapping of alpha-synuclein by means of non-invasive epifluorescence and vMSOT imaging assisted with a targeted THK-565 label and SWI/STXM identification of iron deposits in M83 mouse brains ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Straumann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin F. Combes
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xose Luis Dean Ben
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Juan A. Gerez
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ines Dias
- Neurology Department, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Watts
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Iman Rostami
- Microscopic Anatomy and Structural Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kuangyu Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Jinghui Luo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Noain
- Neurology Department, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M. Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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How Well Do Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease Recapitulate Early Non-Motor Phenotypes? A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123026. [PMID: 36551782 PMCID: PMC9775565 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by many non-motor symptoms, and these have recently been posited to be predictive of later diagnosis. Genetic rodent models can develop non-motor phenotypes, providing tools to identify mechanisms underlying the early development of PD. However, it is not yet clear how reproducible non-motor phenotypes are amongst genetic PD rodent models, whether phenotypes are age-dependent, and the translatability of these phenotypes has yet to be explored. A systematic literature search was conducted on studies using genetic PD rodent models to investigate non-motor phenotypes; cognition, anxiety/depressive-like behaviour, gastrointestinal (GI) function, olfaction, circadian rhythm, cardiovascular and urinary function. In total, 51 genetic models of PD across 150 studies were identified. We found outcomes of most phenotypes were inconclusive due to inadequate studies, assessment at different ages, or variation in experimental and environmental factors. GI dysfunction was the most reproducible phenotype across all genetic rodent models. The mouse model harbouring mutant A53T, and the wild-type hα-syn overexpression (OE) model recapitulated the majority of phenotypes, albeit did not reliably produce concurrent motor deficits and nigral cell loss. Furthermore, animal models displayed different phenotypic profiles, reflecting the distinct genetic risk factors and heterogeneity of disease mechanisms. Currently, the inconsistent phenotypes within rodent models pose a challenge in the translatability and usefulness for further biomechanistic investigations. This review highlights opportunities to improve phenotype reproducibility with an emphasis on phenotypic assay choice and robust experimental design.
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van Rensburg D, Lindeque Z, Harvey BH, Steyn SF. Reviewing the mitochondrial dysfunction paradigm in rodent models as platforms for neuropsychiatric disease research. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:82-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Langley MR, Ghaisas S, Palanisamy BN, Ay M, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Characterization of nonmotor behavioral impairments and their neurochemical mechanisms in the MitoPark mouse model of progressive neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2021; 341:113716. [PMID: 33839143 PMCID: PMC9797183 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated as a key player in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The MitoPark mouse, a transgenic mitochondrial impairment model developed by specific inactivation of TFAM in dopaminergic neurons, spontaneously exhibits progressive motor deficits and neurodegeneration, recapitulating several features of PD. Since nonmotor symptoms are now recognized as important features of the prodromal stage of PD, we comprehensively assessed the clinically relevant motor and nonmotor deficiencies from ages 8-24 wk in both male and female MitoPark mice and their littermate controls. As expected, motor deficits in MitoPark mice began around 12-14 wk and became severe by 16-24 wk. Interestingly, MitoPark mice exhibited olfactory deficits in the novel and social scent tests as early as 10-12 wk as compared to age-matched littermate controls. Additionally, male MitoPark mice showed spatial memory deficits before female mice, beginning at 8 wk and becoming most severe at 16 wk, as determined by the Morris water maze. MitoPark mice between 16 and 24 wk spent more time immobile in forced swim and tail suspension tests, and made fewer entries into open arms of the elevated plus maze, indicating a depressive and anxiety-like phenotype, respectively. Importantly, depressive behavior as determined by immobility in forced swim test was reversible by antidepressant treatment with desipramine. Neurochemical and mechanistic studies revealed significant changes in CREB phosphorylation, BDNF, and catecholamine levels as well as neurogenesis in key brain regions. Collectively, our results indicate that MitoPark mice progressively exhibit deficits in olfactory discrimination, cognitive learning and memory, and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as well as key neurochemical signaling associated with nonmotor deficits in PD. Thus, MitoPark mice can serve as an invaluable model for studying nonmotor deficits in addition to studying the motor deficits related to pathology in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Langley
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Shivani Ghaisas
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Bharathi N Palanisamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Muhammet Ay
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Huajun Jin
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America.
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Petiet A. Current and Emerging MR Methods and Outcome in Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease: A Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:583678. [PMID: 33897339 PMCID: PMC8058186 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.583678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disease characterized by massive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, α-synuclein-containing Lewy bodies, and neuroinflammation. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression and treatment. A variety of MR methods are available to characterize neurodegeneration and other disease features such as iron accumulation and metabolic changes in animal models of PD. This review aims at giving an overview of how those physiopathological features of PD have been investigated using various MR methods in rodent models. Toxin-based and genetic-based models of PD are first described. MR methods for neurodegeneration evaluation, iron load, and metabolism alterations are then detailed, and the main findings are provided in those models. Ultimately, future directions are suggested for neuroinflammation and neuromelanin evaluations in new animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Petiet
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche, Institut du Cerveau, Paris, France.,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
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8
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Biju KC, Shen Q, Hernandez ET, Mader MJ, Clark RA. Reduced cerebral blood flow in an α-synuclein transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:2441-2453. [PMID: 31856640 PMCID: PMC7820695 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19895432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that widespread cortical cerebral blood flow deficits occur early in the course of Parkinson's disease. Although cerebral blood flow measurement has been suggested as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, as well as a means for tracking response to treatment, the relationship of cerebral blood flow to α-synucleinopathy, a major pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease, remains unclear. Therefore, we performed arterial spin-labeling magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging on transgenic mice overexpressing human wild-type α-synuclein and age-matched controls to measure cerebral blood flow and degenerative changes. As reported for early-stage Parkinson's disease, α-synuclein mice exhibited a significant reduction in cortical cerebral blood flow, which was accompanied by motor coordination deficits and olfactory dysfunction. Although no overt degenerative changes were apparent in diffusion tensor imaging images, magnetic resonance imaging volumetric analysis revealed a significant reduction in olfactory bulb volume, similar to that seen in Parkinson's disease patients. Our data, representing the first report of cerebral blood flow deficit in an animal model of Parkinson's disease, suggest a causative role for α-synucleinopathy in cerebral blood flow deficits in Parkinson's disease. Thus, α-synuclein transgenic mice comprise a promising model to study Parkinson's disease-related mechanisms of cerebral blood flow deficits and to investigate further its utility as a potential biomarker for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Biju
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Qiang Shen
- Research Imaging Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael J Mader
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert A Clark
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Eed A, Cerdán Cerdá A, Lerma J, De Santis S. Diffusion-weighted MRI in neurodegenerative and psychiatric animal models: Experimental strategies and main outcomes. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 343:108814. [PMID: 32569785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical MRI approaches constitute a key tool to study a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric illnesses, allowing a more direct investigation of the disorder substrate and, at the same time, the possibility of back-translating such findings to human subjects. However, the lack of consensus on the optimal experimental scheme used to acquire the data has led to relatively high heterogeneity in the choice of protocols, which can potentially impact the comparison between results obtained by different groups, even using the same animal model. This is especially true for diffusion-weighted MRI data, where certain experimental choices can impact not only on the accuracy and precision of the extracted biomarkers, but also on their biological meaning. With this in mind, we extensively examined preclinical imaging studies that used diffusion-weighted MRI to investigate neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in rodent models. In this review, we discuss the main findings for each preclinical model, with a special focus on the analysis and comparison of the different acquisition strategies used across studies and their impact on the heterogeneity of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Eed
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC, UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Juan Lerma
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC, UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Silvia De Santis
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC, UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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10
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Müller HP, Roselli F, Rasche V, Kassubek J. Diffusion Tensor Imaging-Based Studies at the Group-Level Applied to Animal Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:734. [PMID: 32982659 PMCID: PMC7487414 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of human and non-human microstructural brain alterations in the course of neurodegenerative diseases has substantially improved by the non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Animal models (including disease or knockout models) allow for a variety of experimental manipulations, which are not applicable to humans. Thus, the DTI approach provides a promising tool for cross-species cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations of the neurobiological targets and mechanisms of neurodegeneration. This overview with a systematic review focuses on the principles of DTI analysis as used in studies at the group level in living preclinical models of neurodegeneration. The translational aspect from in-vivo animal models toward (clinical) applications in humans is covered as well as the DTI-based research of the non-human brains' microstructure, the methodological aspects in data processing and analysis, and data interpretation at different abstraction levels. The aim of integrating DTI in multiparametric or multimodal imaging protocols will allow the interrogation of DTI data in terms of directional flow of information and may identify the microstructural underpinnings of neurodegeneration-related patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core Facility Small Animal MRI, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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11
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Kim AY, Oh C, Im HJ, Baek HM. Enhanced Bidirectional Connectivity of the Subthalamo-pallidal Pathway in 6-OHDA-mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease Revealed by Probabilistic Tractography of Diffusion-weighted MRI at 9.4T. Exp Neurobiol 2020; 29:80-92. [PMID: 32122110 PMCID: PMC7075660 DOI: 10.5607/en.2020.29.1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An important challenge in Parkinson’s disease (PD) based neuroscience and neuroimaging is mapping the neuronal connectivity of the basal ganglia to understand how the disease affects brain circuitry. However, a majority of diffusion tractography studies have shown difficulties in revealing connections between distant anatomic brain regions and visualizing basal ganglia connectome. In this current study, we investigated the differences in basal ganglia connectivity between 6-OHDA induced ex-vivo PD mouse model and normal ex-vivo mouse model by using diffusion tensor imaging tractography from diffusion-weighted images obtained with a high resolution 9.4 T MR scanner. Connectivity pattern of the basal ganglia were compared between five 6-OHDA and five control ex-vivo mouse brains using results of probabilistic tractography generated with PROBTRACKX. When compared with control mouse, 6-OHDA mouse showed significant enhancements to motor territory-related subthalamo-pallidal and pallido-subthalamic connectivity. Multi-fiber tractography combined with diffusion MRI data has the potential to help recognize the abnormalities found in connectivity of psychiatric and neurologic disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Yoon Kim
- Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Chiwoo Oh
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 16229, Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Im
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 16229, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Man Baek
- Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer & Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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12
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Dujardin K, Sgambato V. Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: What Do We Know About the Role of Dopaminergic and Non-dopaminergic Systems? Front Neurosci 2020; 14:25. [PMID: 32063833 PMCID: PMC7000525 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the hallmark motor symptoms (rest tremor, hypokinesia, rigidity, and postural instability), patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have non-motor symptoms, namely neuropsychiatric disorders. They are frequent and may influence the other symptoms of the disease. They have also a negative impact on the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. In this article, we will describe the clinical manifestations of the main PD-related behavioral disorders (depression, anxiety disorders, apathy, psychosis, and impulse control disorders). We will also provide an overview of the clinical and preclinical literature regarding the underlying mechanisms with a focus on the role of the dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Dujardin
- Inserm U1171 Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Sgambato
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Lyon University, Bron, France
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13
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Qian ZM, Ke Y. Hepcidin and its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:633-653. [PMID: 31471929 DOI: 10.1002/med.21631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormally high brain iron, resulting from the disrupted expression or function of proteins involved in iron metabolism in the brain, is an initial cause of neuronal death in neuroferritinopathy and aceruloplasminemia, and also plays a causative role in at least some of the other neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Friedreich's ataxia. As such, iron is believed to be a novel target for pharmacological intervention in these disorders. Reducing iron toward normal levels or hampering the increases in iron associated with age in the brain is a promising therapeutic strategy for all iron-related neurodegenerative disorders. Hepcidin is a crucial regulator of iron homeostasis in the brain. Recent studies have suggested that upregulating brain hepcidin levels can significantly reduce brain iron content through the regulation of iron transport protein expression in the blood-brain barrier and in neurons and astrocytes. In this review, we focus on the discussion of the therapeutic potential of hepcidin in iron-associated neurodegenerative diseases and also provide a systematic overview of recent research progress on how misregulated brain iron metabolism is involved in the development of multiple neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ming Qian
- Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Matsubayashi K, Nagoshi N, Komaki Y, Kojima K, Shinozaki M, Tsuji O, Iwanami A, Ishihara R, Takata N, Matsumoto M, Mimura M, Okano H, Nakamura M. Assessing cortical plasticity after spinal cord injury by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in awake adult mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14406. [PMID: 30258091 PMCID: PMC6158265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural connectivity has recently been shown to be altered after spinal cord injury (SCI) not only in the spinal cord but also in the brain. However, to date, no studies have analyzed the functional alterations after SCI in various areas of the cerebral cortex over time. To examine the plasticity of the neural connectivity in the brain after SCI, we performed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in awake adult mice pre- and post-SCI. After a complete thoracic SCI, the functional connectivity between the primary motor (MOp) and primary sensory (SSp) areas was significantly decreased during the chronic phase. In contrast, the connectivity between the MOp and motivation area was increased. Thus, impairments in sensory and motor connections after SCI led to a time-dependent compensatory upregulation of “motor functional motivation”. Moreover, the functional connectivity between the SSp and pain-related areas, such as the caudoputamen (CP) and the anterior cingulate area (ACA), was strengthened during the chronic phase, thus suggesting that rs-fMRI can indicate the presence of neuropathic pain after SCI. Therefore, rs-fMRI is a useful tool for revealing the pathological changes that occur in the brain after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Matsubayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Komaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kota Kojima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munehisa Shinozaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osahiko Tsuji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Iwanami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ishihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Takata
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Abstract
Brain iron is tightly regulated by a multitude of proteins to ensure homeostasis. Iron dyshomeostasis has become a molecular signature associated with aging which is accompanied by progressive decline in cognitive processes. A common theme in neurodegenerative diseases where age is the major risk factor, iron dyshomeostasis coincides with neuroinflammation, abnormal protein aggregation, neurodegeneration, and neurobehavioral deficits. There is a great need to determine the mechanisms governing perturbations in iron metabolism, in particular to distinguish between physiological and pathological aging to generate fruitful therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present review is to focus on the age-related alterations in brain iron metabolism from a cellular and molecular biology perspective, alongside genetics, and neuroimaging aspects in man and rodent models, with respect to normal aging and neurodegeneration. In particular, the relationship between iron dyshomeostasis and neuroinflammation will be evaluated, as well as the effects of systemic iron overload on the brain. Based on the evidence discussed here, we suggest a synergistic use of iron-chelators and anti-inflammatories as putative anti-brain aging therapies to counteract pathological aging in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhaar Ashraf
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Clark
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Po-Wah So
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an important tool to study various animal models of degenerative diseases. This chapter describes routine protocols of T 1-, T 2-, and T 2*-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI for rodent brain and spinal cord. These protocols can be used to measure atrophy, axonal and myelin injury and changes in white matter connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyoman D Kurniawan
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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17
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Allemang-Grand R, Ellegood J, Spencer Noakes L, Ruston J, Justice M, Nieman BJ, Lerch JP. Neuroanatomy in mouse models of Rett syndrome is related to the severity of Mecp2 mutation and behavioral phenotypes. Mol Autism 2017; 8:32. [PMID: 28670438 PMCID: PMC5485541 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-017-0138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that predominantly affects girls. The majority of RTT cases are caused by de novo mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), and several mouse models have been created to further understand the disorder. In the current literature, many studies have focused their analyses on the behavioral abnormalities and cellular and molecular impairments that arise from Mecp2 mutations. However, limited efforts have been placed on understanding how Mecp2 mutations disrupt the neuroanatomy and networks of the brain. Methods In this study, we examined the neuroanatomy of male and female mice from the Mecp2tm1Hzo, Mecp2tm1.1Bird/J, and Mecp2tm2Bird/J mouse lines using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) paired with deformation-based morphometry to determine the brain regions susceptible to Mecp2 disruptions. Results We found that many cortical and subcortical regions were reduced in volume within the brains of mutant mice regardless of mutation type, highlighting regions that are susceptible to Mecp2 disruptions. We also found that the volume within these regions correlated with behavioral metrics. Conversely, regions of the cerebellum were differentially affected by the type of mutation, showing an increase in volume in the mutant Mecp2tm1Hzo brain relative to controls and a decrease in the Mecp2tm1.1Bird/J and Mecp2tm2Bird/J lines. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that the direction and magnitude of the neuroanatomical differences between control and mutant mice carrying Mecp2 mutations are driven by the severity of the mutation and the stage of behavioral impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rylan Allemang-Grand
- Mouse Imaging Centre, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, M5T 3H7 Ontario Canada.,Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Ontario Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Suite 15-701, Toronto, M5G 1L7 Ontario Canada
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, M5T 3H7 Ontario Canada.,Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Ontario Canada
| | - Leigh Spencer Noakes
- Mouse Imaging Centre, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, M5T 3H7 Ontario Canada.,Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Ontario Canada
| | - Julie Ruston
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Ontario Canada
| | - Monica Justice
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Ontario Canada
| | - Brian J Nieman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, M5T 3H7 Ontario Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Suite 15-701, Toronto, M5G 1L7 Ontario Canada.,Ontario Institute of Cancer Research, 661 University Ave, Toronto, Suite 510, M5G 0A3 Ontario Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, M5T 3H7 Ontario Canada.,Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Ontario Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Suite 15-701, Toronto, M5G 1L7 Ontario Canada
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18
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Monnot C, Zhang X, Nikkhou-Aski S, Damberg P, Svenningsson P. Asymmetric dopaminergic degeneration and levodopa alter functional corticostriatal connectivity bilaterally in experimental parkinsonism. Exp Neurol 2017; 292:11-20. [PMID: 28223037 PMCID: PMC5405850 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric dopamine loss is commonly found in early Parkinson's disease (PD), but its effects on functional networks have been difficult to delineate in PD patients because of variations in age, disease duration and therapy. Here we used unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned (6-OHDA) rats and controls and treated them with a single intraperitoneal injection of levodopa (L-DOPA) before performing diffusion weighted MRI and resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). In accordance with a neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, diffusion tensor imaging showed increased radial diffusivity and decreased fractional anisotropy in the lesioned substantia nigra. Likewise a deterministic connectometry approach showed increase of isotropic diffusion values in the medial forebrain bundle. rs-fMRI showed reduced interhemispheric functional connectivity (FC) between the intact and the 6-OHDA lesioned caudate-putamen. Unexpectedly, there was an increased FC between the 6-OHDA lesioned caudate-putamen and sensorimotor cortices of both hemispheres. L-DOPA reversed the FC changes between the dopamine denervated caudate-putamen and the sensorimotor cortices, but not the reduced interhemispheric FC between caudate-putamina. Similarly, L-DOPA induced c-fos expression in both sensorimotor cortices, but only in the dopamine-depleted caudate-putamen. Taken together, these data suggest that asymmetric degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway results in functional asynchrony between the intact and 6-OHDA-lesioned caudate-putamen and increased interhemispheric synchrony between sensorimotor cortices. The results also indicate that the initial effect of L-DOPA is to restore functional corticostriatal connectivity rather than synchronize caudate-putamina. Rats unilaterally lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) are examined using MRI. Diffusion MRI revealed loss of fractional anisotropy in a lesioned substantia nigra. rs-fMRI showed lower functional connectivity (FC) btw intact and lesioned striata. FC increased between the lesioned striatum and both sensorimotor cortices. Levodopa normalized FC between sensorimotor cortices and lesioned striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Monnot
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xiaoqun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sahar Nikkhou-Aski
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Experimental Research and Imaging Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Damberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Experimental Research and Imaging Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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