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He Y, Zhou J, Gao H, Liu C, Zhan P, Liu X. Broad-spectrum antiviral strategy: Host-targeting antivirals against emerging and re-emerging viruses. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116069. [PMID: 38160620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections are amongst the most prevalent diseases that pose a significant threat to human health. Targeting viral proteins or host factors represents two primary strategies for the development of antiviral drugs. In contrast to virus-targeting antivirals (VTAs), host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) offer advantages in terms of overcoming drug resistance and effectively combating a wide range of viruses, including newly emerging ones. Therefore, targeting host factors emerges as an extremely promising strategy with the potential to address critical challenges faced by VTAs. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the discovery and development of HTAs, leading to the approval of maraviroc, a chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) antagonist used for the treatment of HIV-1 infected individuals, with several other potential treatments in various stages of development for different viral infections. This review systematically summarizes advancements made in medicinal chemistry regarding various host targets and classifies them into four distinct catagories based on their involvement in the viral life cycle: virus attachment and entry, biosynthesis, nuclear import and export, and viral release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Huizhan Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Yang F, Liu C, Li P, Wu A, Ma-Lauer Y, Zhang H, Su Z, Lu W, von Brunn A, Zhu D. Targeting Cyclophilin A and CD147 to Inhibit Replication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and SARS-CoV-2-Induced Inflammation. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 104:239-254. [PMID: 37827578 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification and development of effective therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still urgently needed. The CD147-spike interaction is involved in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 invasion process in addition to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Cyclophilin A (CyPA), the extracellular ligand of CD147, has been found to play a role in the infection and replication of coronaviruses. In this study, our results show that CyPA inhibitors such as cyclosporine A (CsA) and STG-175 can suppress the intracellular replication of SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting the binding of CyPA to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid C-terminal domain (N-CTD), and the IC50 is 0.23 μM and 0.17 μM, respectively. Due to high homology, CsA also had inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and the IC50 is 3.2 μM and 2.8 μM, respectively. Finally, we generated a formulation of phosphatidylserine (PS)-liposome-CsA for pulmonary drug delivery. These findings provide a scientific basis for identifying CyPA as a potential drug target for the treatment of COVID-19 as well as for the development of broad-spectrum inhibitors for coronavirus via targeting CyPA. Highlights: 1) SARS-CoV-2 infects cells via the binding of its S protein and CD147; 2) binding of SARS-CoV-2 N protein and CyPA is essential for viral replication; 3) CD147 and CyPA are potential therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2; and 4) CsA is a potential therapeutic strategy by interrupting CD147/CyPA interactions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: New severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 variants and other pathogenic coronaviruses (CoVs) are continually emerging, and new broad-spectrum anti-CoV therapy is urgently needed. We found that binding sites of cyclophilin A/cyclosporin A (CyPA/CsA) overlap with CyPA/N-CTD (nucleocapsid C-terminal domain), which shows the potential to target CyPA during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we provide new evidence for targeting CyPA in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as well as the potential of developing CyPA inhibitors for broad-spectrum inhibition of CoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Chenglong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Pengyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Aihua Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Yue Ma-Lauer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Zhuang Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Albrecht von Brunn
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (F.Y., C.L.), Minhang Hospital and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education (A.W., W.L.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (D.Z.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany (P.L., Y.M.-L., A.V.B.); Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China (H.Z.); and S & T Global, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts (Z.S.)
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Devaux CA, Melenotte C, Piercecchi-Marti MD, Delteil C, Raoult D. Cyclosporin A: A Repurposable Drug in the Treatment of COVID-19? Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:663708. [PMID: 34552938 PMCID: PMC8450353 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.663708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now at the forefront of major health challenge faced globally, creating an urgent need for safe and efficient therapeutic strategies. Given the high attrition rates, high costs, and quite slow development of drug discovery, repurposing of known FDA-approved molecules is increasingly becoming an attractive issue in order to quickly find molecules capable of preventing and/or curing COVID-19 patients. Cyclosporin A (CsA), a common anti-rejection drug widely used in transplantation, has recently been shown to exhibit substantial anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity and anti-COVID-19 effect. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of action of CsA in order to highlight why this molecule seems to be an interesting candidate for the therapeutic management of COVID-19 patients. We conclude that CsA could have at least three major targets in COVID-19 patients: (i) an anti-inflammatory effect reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines, (ii) an antiviral effect preventing the formation of the viral RNA synthesis complex, and (iii) an effect on tissue damage and thrombosis by acting against the deleterious action of angiotensin II. Several preliminary CsA clinical trials performed on COVID-19 patients report lower incidence of death and suggest that this strategy should be investigated further in order to assess in which context the benefit/risk ratio of repurposing CsA as first-line therapy in COVID-19 is the most favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Devaux
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Cléa Melenotte
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Piercecchi-Marti
- Department of Legal Medicine, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille University Hospital Center, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
| | - Clémence Delteil
- Department of Legal Medicine, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille University Hospital Center, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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