1
|
Chen HC, Kuo CY, Chang Y, Tsai DL, Lee MH, Lee JY, Lee HM, Su YC. 5-Methoxytryptophan enhances the sensitivity of sorafenib on the inhibition of proliferation and metastasis for lung cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:248. [PMID: 38388902 PMCID: PMC10885375 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and effective therapies are limited. Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide with limited effective therapy. Sorafenib is a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor frequently used to treat numerous types of malignant tumors. However, it has been demonstrated that sorafenib showed moderate antitumor activity and is associated with several side effects in lung cancer, which restricted its clinical application. This study aimed to examine the antitumor effect of the combination treatment of sorafenib and 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) on cell growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. METHOD The anticancer effect of the combination treatment of sorafenib and 5-MTP was determined through cytotoxicity assay and colony forming assays. The mechanism was elucidated using flow cytometry and western blotting. Wound healing and Transwell assays were conducted to evaluate the impact of the combination treatment on migration and invasion abilities. An in vivo model was employed to analyze the effect of the combination treatment on the tumorigenic ability of LLC cells. RESULT Our results demonstrated that the sorafenib and 5-MTP combination synergistically reduced viability and proliferation compared to sorafenib or 5-MTP treatment alone. Reduction of cyclin D1 expression was observed in the sorafenib alone or combination treatments, leading to cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, the sorafenib-5-MTP combination significantly increased the inhibitory effect on migration and invasion of LLC cells compared to the single treatments. The combination also significantly downregulated vimentin and MMP9 levels, contributing to the inhibition of metastasis. The reduction of phosphorylated Akt and STAT3 expression may further contribute to the inhibitory effect on proliferation and metastasis. In vivo, the sorafenib-5-MTP combination further reduced tumor growth and metastasis compared to the treatment of sorafenib alone. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data indicate that 5-MTP sensitizes the antitumor activity of sorafenib in LLC cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that sorafenib-5-MTP has the potential to serve as a therapeutic option for patients with lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Chi Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Kuo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Lin Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsuan Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ying Lee
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ming Lee
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Su
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao TL, Qi Y, Wang YF, Wang Y, Liang H, Pu YB. 5-methoxytryptophan induced apoptosis and PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a phosphorylation in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:6148-6160. [PMID: 38186686 PMCID: PMC10768408 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i47.6148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent malignancy worldwide, and new therapeutic targets urgently need to be found to prolong patient survival. 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) is a tryptophan metabolite found in animals and humans. However, the effects of 5-MTP on proliferation and apoptosis of CRC cells are currently unknown. AIM To investigate the effects of 5-MTP on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis abilities of CRC cells. Additionally, we seek to explore whether 5-MTP has the potential to be utilized as a drug for the treatment of CRC. METHODS In order to evaluate the effect of 5-MTP on CRC cells, a series of experiments were conducted for evaluation. Colony formation assay and Cell Counting Kit 8 assays were used to investigate the impact of 5-MTP on the proliferation of CRC cell lines. Cell cycle assays were employed to examine the effect of 5-MTP on cellular growth. In addition, we investigated the effects of 5-MTP on apoptosis and reactive oxygen species in HCT-116 cells. To obtain a deeper understanding of how 5-MTP affects CRC, we conducted a study to examine its influence on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in CRC cells. RESULTS This article showed that 5-MTP promoted apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell proliferation in CRC cells. In many articles, it has been reported that PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway is one of the most important signaling pathways involved in internal regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Nevertheless, 5-MTP combined with PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway inhibitors significantly promoted apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell proliferation in CRC cells compared with 5-MTP alone in our study. CONCLUSION Therefore, there is strong evidence that 5-MTP can be used as an effective medicine for CRC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Lei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Ya-Bin Pu
- Department of General Surgery, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai 200052, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeitler EM, Li Y, Schroder M, Falk RJ, Sumner S. Characterizing the metabolic response of the zebrafish kidney to overfeeding. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F491-F502. [PMID: 37589050 PMCID: PMC10639026 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00113.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic and risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease. Obesity induces systemic changes in metabolism, but how it affects kidney metabolism specifically is not known. Zebrafish have previously been shown to develop obesity-related kidney pathology and dysfunction when fed hypercaloric diets. To understand the direct effects of obesity on kidney metabolic function, we treated zebrafish for 8 wk with a control and an overfeeding diet. At the end of treatment, we assessed changes in kidney and fish weights and used electron microscopy to evaluate cell ultrastructure. We then performed an untargeted metabolomic analysis on the kidney tissue of fish using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry and used mummichog and gene set enrichment analysis to uncover differentially affected metabolic pathways. Kidney metabolomes differed significantly and consistently between the control and overfed diets. Among 9,593 features, we identified 235 that were significantly different (P < 0.05) between groups (125 upregulated in overfed diet, 110 downregulated). Pathway analysis demonstrated perturbations in glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis pathways, and analysis of specific metabolites points to perturbations in tryptophan metabolism. Our key findings show that diet-induced obesity leads to metabolic changes in the kidney tissue itself and implicates specific metabolic pathways, including glycolysis and tryptophan metabolism in the pathogenesis of obesity-related kidney disease, demonstrating the power of untargeted metabolomics to identify pathways of interest by directly interrogating kidney tissue.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Obesity causes systemic metabolic dysfunction, but how this affects kidney metabolism is less understood. This study used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry to analyze the kidneys of overfed zebrafish. Metabolites in the kidneys of obese zebrafish revealed perturbations in metabolic pathways including glycolysis and tryptophan metabolism. These data suggest obesity alters metabolism within the kidney, which may play an important role in obesity-related kidney dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Zeitler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, UNC Kidney Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Madison Schroder
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ronald J Falk
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, UNC Kidney Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Susan Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Glavan MR, Socaciu C, Socaciu AI, Gadalean F, Cretu OM, Vlad A, Muntean DM, Bob F, Milas O, Suteanu A, Jianu DC, Stefan M, Balint L, Ienciu S, Petrica L. Untargeted Metabolomics by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionization-Quadrupole-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry Analysis Identifies a Specific Metabolomic Profile in Patients with Early Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041057. [PMID: 37189675 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as one of the most progressive diseases with increased mortality and morbidity. Metabolomics offers new insights into CKD pathogenesis and the discovery of new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of CKD. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess metabolomic profiling of serum and urine samples obtained from CKD patients. Untargeted metabolomics followed by multivariate and univariate analysis of blood and urine samples from 88 patients with CKD, staged by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and 20 healthy control subjects was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Serum levels of Oleoyl glycine, alpha-lipoic acid, Propylthiouracil, and L-cysteine correlated directly with eGFR. Negative correlations were observed between serum 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid, Phenylalanine, Pyridoxamine, Cysteinyl glycine, Propenoylcarnitine, Uridine, and All-trans retinoic acid levels and eGFR. In urine samples, the majority of molecules were increased in patients with advanced CKD as compared with early CKD patients and controls. Amino acids, antioxidants, uremic toxins, acylcarnitines, and tryptophane metabolites were found in all CKD stages. Their dual variations in serum and urine may explain their impact on both glomerular and tubular structures, even in the early stages of CKD. Patients with CKD display a specific metabolomic profile. Since this paper represents a pilot study, future research is needed to confirm our findings that metabolites can serve as indicators of early CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela-Roxana Glavan
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Nephrology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Research Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Therapy BIODIATECH, SC Proplanta, 400478 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Iulia Socaciu
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Haţieganu”, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florica Gadalean
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Nephrology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Octavian M. Cretu
- Department of Surgery—Surgical Semiotics, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Vlad
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Danina M. Muntean
- Department of Functional Sciences—Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Flaviu Bob
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Nephrology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Oana Milas
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Nephrology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Anca Suteanu
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Nephrology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Dragos Catalin Jianu
- Deptartment of Neurosciences—Neurology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300723 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Maria Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Nephrology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Balint
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Nephrology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Silvia Ienciu
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Nephrology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ligia Petrica
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Nephrology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Su YC, Wang CC, Weng JH, Yeh SA, Chen PJ, Hwang TZ, Chen HC. 5-Methoxytryptophan Sensitizing Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cell to Cisplatitn Through Inhibiting Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). Front Oncol 2022; 12:834941. [PMID: 35936759 PMCID: PMC9353643 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.834941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common cancer of the oral cavity. Cisplatin (CDDP) is the ideal chemo-radiotherapy used for several tumor types, but resistance to the drug has become a major obstacle in treating patients with HNSCC. 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP), a 5-methoxyindole metabolite of tryptophan metabolism, reduces inflammation-mediated proliferation and metastasis. This study aimed to assess the anti-oral cancer activity of 5-MTP when used alone or in combination with CDDP. Results showed that CDDP dose dependently reduced the growth of SSC25 cells but not 5-MTP. The combination of CDDP and 5-MTP exerted additional inhibitory effect on the growth of SSC25 cells by attenuating the phosphorylation of STAT3. In the 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced oral cancer mouse model, 5-MTP sensitized the reduction effect of CDDP on tumorigenesis, which restricted the tongue tissue in hyperkeratotic lesion rather than squamous cell carcinoma. The combination of CDDP and 5-MTP may be a potent therapeutic strategy for HNSCC patients with radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Su
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsi Weng
- Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-An Yeh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzer-Zen Hwang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Huang-Chi Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu KK. Control of Tissue Fibrosis by 5-Methoxytryptophan, an Innate Anti-Inflammatory Metabolite. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:759199. [PMID: 34858185 PMCID: PMC8632247 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.759199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis causes debilitating human diseases such as liver cirrhosis, heart failure, chronic kidney disease and pulmonary insufficiency. It is a dynamic process orchestrated by specific subsets of monocyte-macrophages, fibroblasts, pericytes and hepatic stellate cells. Fibrosis is linked to tissue inflammation. Pro-inflammatory macrophages promote fibrosis by driving myofibroblast differentiation and macrophage myofibroblast transition. Myofibroblasts express α-smooth muscle cell actin (α-SMA) and secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins notably collagen I and III. Deposition of ECM proteins at injury sites and interstitial tissues distorts normal structure and impairs vital functions. Despite advances in the mechanisms of fibrosis at cellular, molecular and genetic levels, prevention and treatment of fibrotic diseases remain poorly developed. Recent reports suggest that 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) is effective in attenuating injury-induced liver, kidney, cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis. It inhibits macrophage activation and blocks fibroblast differentiation to myofibroblasts. Furthermore, it inhibits hepatic stellate cell differentiation into myofibroblasts. As 5-MTP is an endogenous molecule derived from tryptophan catabolism via tryptophan hydroxylase pathway, it is well-suited as a lead compound for developing new anti-fibrotic drugs. This article provides an overview of 5-MTP synthesis, and a critical review of its anti-fibrotic activities. Its mechanisms of actions and potential therapeutic value will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee GL, Liao TL, Wu JY, Wu KK, Kuo CC. Restoration of 5-methoxytryptophan protects against atherosclerotic chondrogenesis and calcification in ApoE -/- mice fed high fat diet. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:74. [PMID: 34749728 PMCID: PMC8573875 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) promotes vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) transdifferentiation to chondrocytes and calcification in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner. Vascular 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) is a newly identified factor with anti-inflammatory actions. As 5-MTP targets p38 MAPK for its actions, we postulated that 5-MTP protects against vascular chondrogenesis and calcification. Methods High-fat diet-induced advanced atherosclerosis in mice were performed to investigate the effect of 5-MTP on atherosclerotic lesions and calcification. VSMCs were used to determine the role of 5-MTP in VSMC chondrogenic differentiation and calcification. Alizarin red S and Alcian blue staining were used to measure VSMC calcification and chondrogenic differentiation, respectively. Results 5-MTP was detected in aortic tissues of ApoE−/− mice fed control chow. It was reduced in ApoE−/− mice fed high-fat diet (HFD), but was restored in ApoE−/−Tlr2−/− mice, suggesting that HFD reduces vascular 5-MTP production via TLR2. Intraperitoneal injection of 5-MTP or its analog into ApoE−/− mice fed HFD reduced aortic atherosclerotic lesions and calcification which was accompanied by reduction of chondrogenesis and calcium deposition. Pam3CSK4 (Pam3), ligand of TLR2, induced SMC phenotypic switch to chondrocytes. Pretreatment with 5-MTP preserved SMC contractile proteins and blocked Pam3-induced chondrocyte differentiation and calcification. 5-MTP inhibited HFD-induced p38 MAPK activation in vivo and Pam3-induced p38 MAPK activation in SMCs. 5-MTP suppressed HFD-induced CREB activation in aortic tissues and Pam3-induced CREB and NF-κB activation in SMCs. Conclusions These findings suggest that 5-MTP is a vascular arsenal against atherosclerosis and calcification by inhibiting TLR2–mediated SMC phenotypic switch to chondrocytes and the consequent calcification. 5-MTP exerts these effects by blocking p38 MAPK activation and inhibiting CREB and NF-κB transactivation activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-021-00771-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Lin Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Lien Liao
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yiing Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kenneth K Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan. .,College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chin Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen W, Wang Y, Zhou T, Xu Y, Zhan J, Wu J. CXCL13 Is Involved in the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hyperpermeability of Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Inflammation 2021; 43:1789-1796. [PMID: 32500306 PMCID: PMC7476967 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a disease that is characterized by a severe systemic inflammatory response to microbial infection and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and is a well-known inducer of sepsis, as well as endothelial cell hyperpermeability. In the present study, we confirm the elevation of CXC chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) in sepsis patients. We also show that LPS exposure increases the release of CXCL13, as well as the mRNA and protein expression of CXCL13 and its receptor, CXC chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We also examined the effects of CXCL13 knockdown on LPS-mediated endothelial hyperpermeability and tight junction (TJ) protein expression in HUVECs. Our results show that HUVECs exposed to LPS result in a significant decrease in transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) and TJ protein (Zonula occluden-1, occludin, and claudin-4) expression, and a notable increase in fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran flux and p38 phosphorylation, which was partially reversed by CXCL13 knockdown. Recombinant CXCL13 treatment had a similar effect as LPS exposure, which was attenuated by a p38 inhibitor, SB203580. Moreover, the CXCL13-neutralizing antibody significantly increased the survival rate of LPS-induced sepsis mice. Collectively, our results show that CXCL13 plays a key role in LPS-induced endothelium hyperpermeability via regulating p38 signaling and suggests that therapeutically targeting CXCL13 may be beneficial for the treatment of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Department of General Practice, Hangzhou First People's Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Emergency, Hangzhou First People's Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Hangzhou First People's Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuansheng Xu
- Department of Emergency, Hangzhou First People's Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianwei Zhan
- Department of Emergency, Hangzhou First People's Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhong Wu
- Department of Emergency, Hangzhou First People's Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hsu WT, Tseng YH, Jui HY, Kuo CC, Wu KK, Lee CM. 5-Methoxytryptophan attenuates postinfarct cardiac injury by controlling oxidative stress and immune activation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 158:101-114. [PMID: 34087195 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major cause of heart failure. 5-Methoxytryptophan (5-MTP), a 5-methoxyindole metabolite of L-tryptophan, exerts anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects, but MI impairs the biosynthesis of cardiac 5-MTP. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of exogenous 5-MTP administration on rescuing post-MI cardiac injury. METHODS AND RESULTS After a detailed pharmacokinetic analysis of 5-MTP, Sprague Dawley rats that had undergone left anterior descending coronary artery ligation received intraperitoneal administration of either 17 mg/kg 5-MTP or saline at 0.5 and 24 h after MI. Cardiac systolic function, infarction size, and fibrosis were evaluated using echocardiography, triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and Masson trichrome staining, respectively. Myocardial apoptosis was analyzed by staining for caspase-3 and cardiac troponin I. 5-MTP treatment decreased the infarct area and myocardial apoptosis; attenuated systolic dysfunction and left ventricular dilatation; and reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and infarct expansion. Crucially, 5-MTP alleviated oxidative stress by preserving mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes and downregulating reactive oxygen species-generating NADPH oxidase isoforms and endothelin-1. Consequently, 5-MTP-treated MI rat hearts exhibited lower levels of chemokines and cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, IL-6, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)-2, and CCL5, accompanied by reduced infiltration of CD11b+ cells and CD4+ T cells. Notably, 5-MTP protected against H2O2-induced damage in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. CONCLUSION 5-MTP prevented post-MI cardiac injury by promoting mitochondrial stabilization and controlling redox imbalance. This cytoprotective effect ameliorated macrophage and T-cell infiltration, thus reducing the infarct size, attenuating fibrosis, and restoring myocardial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Tseng Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsuan Tseng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yiang Jui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chin Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kenneth K Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Ming Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cytoguardin: A Tryptophan Metabolite against Cancer Growth and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094490. [PMID: 33925793 PMCID: PMC8123408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoguardin was identified in the conditioned medium of fibroblasts as a tryptophan metabolite, 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP). It is synthesized via two enzymatic steps: tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase (HIOMT). A truncated HIOMT isoform, HIOMT298, catalyzes 5-MTP synthesis. Cancer cells produce scarce 5-MTP due to defective HIOMT298 expression. 5-MTP inhibits cancer cell COX-2 expression and thereby reduces COX-2-mediated cell proliferation and migration. 5-MTP also inhibits MMP-9 expression and thereby reduces cancer cell invasion. 5-MTP exerts its anti-cancer effect by blocking p38 MAPK and p38-mediated NF-κB and p300 HAT activation. The stable transfection of A549 cells with HIOMT298 restores 5-MTP production which renders cancer cells less aggressive. The implantation of HIOMT-transfected A549 into subcutaneous tissues of a murine xenograft tumor model shows that HIOMT-transduced A549 cells form smaller tumors and generate fewer metastatic lung nodules than control A549 cells. HIOMT298 transfection suppresses aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) expression and serotonin production. Serotonin is a cancer-promoting factor. By restoring 5-MTP and suppressing serotonin production, HIOMT298 overexpression converts cancer cells into less malignant phenotypes. The analysis of HIOMT expression in a human cancer tissue array showed reduced HIOMT levels in a majority of colorectal, pancreatic, and breast cancer. HIOMT298 may be a biomarker of human cancer progression. Furthermore, 5-MTP has the potential to be a lead compound in the development of new therapy for the chemoprevention of certain cancers such as hepatocellular cancer.
Collapse
|
11
|
Control of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Senescence by Tryptophan Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020697. [PMID: 33445766 PMCID: PMC7828284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence contributes to aging and age-related disorders. High glucose (HG) induces mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) senescence, which hampers cell expansion and impairs MSC function. Intracellular HG triggers metabolic shift from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. It causes mitochondrial dysfunction and morphological changes. Tryptophan metabolites such as 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) and melatonin attenuate HG-induced MSC senescence by protecting mitochondrial integrity and function and reducing ROS generation. They upregulate the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Both metabolites inhibit stress-induced MSC senescence by blocking p38 MAPK signaling pathway, NF-κB, and p300 histone acetyltransferase activity. Furthermore, melatonin upregulates SIRT-1, which reduces NF-κB activity by de-acetylation of NF-κB subunits. Melatonin and 5-MTP are a new class of metabolites protecting MSCs against replicative and stress-induced cellular senescence. They provide new strategies to improve the efficiency of MSC-based therapy for diverse human diseases.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen DQ, Wu XQ, Chen L, Hu HH, Wang YN, Zhao YY. Poricoic acid A as a modulator of TPH-1 expression inhibits renal fibrosis via modulating protein stability of β-catenin and β-catenin-mediated transcription. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320962648. [PMID: 33062239 PMCID: PMC7534062 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320962648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal fibrosis is the common feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, few drugs specifically target fibrogenesis due to the lack of an effective therapeutic target. Hence, it is urgent to find a therapeutic strategy that inhibits renal fibrosis. Here, we identified that poricoic acid A (PAA) as the modulator of tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH-1), the key enzyme in tryptophan metabolism, exerted potent anti-fibrotic effects in the kidney. Methods Lentiviral vector, luciferase reporter activity assay and co-immunoprecipitation were used. The animal model of unilateral ureteral obstruction and adenine-induced chronic renal failure as well as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-treated epithelial cells NRK-52E and fibroblasts NRK-49F were used. Results TPH-1 was gradually decreased during CKD progression, while PAA treatment significantly increased TPH-1 expression to suppress renal fibrosis. Pharmacological overexpression of TPH-1 by PAA treatment exhibited anti-fibrosis and was linked to Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity. TPH-1 exhibited anti-fibrotic effects by suppressing epithelial cell injury and fibroblast activation, and PAA promoted TPH-1 expression and then suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via regulating the protein stability of β-catenin and β-catenin-mediated transcription. TPH-1 overexpression enhanced the anti-fibrotic effects of PAA, while TPH-1 deficiency weakened the anti-fibrotic effects of PAA, indicating that TPH-1 was required for the anti-fibrotic effects of PAA. Conclusion PAA as a modulator of TPH-1 expression attenuated renal fibrosis through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by acting on the protein stability of β-catenin and β-catenin-mediated transcription. TPH-1 was required for PAA to exert anti-fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qian Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia-Qing Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - He-He Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hong X, Jiang F, Li Y, Fang L, Qian Z, Chen H, Kong R. Treatment with 5-methoxytryptophan attenuates microglia-induced neuroinflammation in spinal cord trauma. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106988. [PMID: 33182019 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation following spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to extensive secondary damage in neural tissue adjacent to the primary lesion foci. 5-Methoxytryptophan (5MTP) is a metabolite of tryptophan and proven to play a protective role in several inflammation-related diseases. However, the specific efficacy and molecular mechanism of 5MTP in SCI remains unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory role of 5MTP in microglia-induced neuroinflammation and its therapeutic effect in SCI. To assess the effect of 5MTP in neuroinflammation, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate microglia in vitro and detected the microglial phenotype using immunofluorescence staining, the inflammatory-related pathway using western blotting, and pro-inflammatory cytokines using ELISA and immunofluorescence. To explore the therapeutic effect of 5MTP in SCI, we performed contusion of the spinal cord in mice and measured the levels of neuroinflammation, glial accumulation, histological and functional recovery using ELISA, immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemical staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Nissl staining and the Basso Mouse Scale, respectively. We found that treatment with 5MTP contributed to decreased activation of pro-inflammatory microglia and reduced the generation of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18, by negative regulation of the p38-MAPK signaling pathway and NLRP3/caspase-1 expression. In vivo, administration of 5MTP showed mitigatory neuroinflammation levels associated with alleviated glial scar in SCI mice; hence, the neurological integrity and the neuronal survival, as well as locomotor function, were improved following 5MTP administration. 5MTP, as a novel anti-neuroinflammatory reagent, can attenuate activated microglia-induced secondary injury following SCI, and therefore, shows promise as a potential compound for application in a clinical trial for SCI therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanyang Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Renyi Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu KK, Kuo CC, Yet SF, Lee CM, Liou JY. 5-methoxytryptophan: an arsenal against vascular injury and inflammation. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:79. [PMID: 32635910 PMCID: PMC7341587 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00671-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) is an endothelial factor with anti-inflammatory properties. It is synthesized from L-tryptophan via two enzymatic steps: tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH-1) and hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines suppress endothelial 5-MTP production by inhibiting TPH-1 expression. 5-MTP protects endothelial barrier function and promotes endothelial repair, while it blocks vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation by inhibiting p38 MAPK activation. 5-MTP controls macrophage transmigration and activation by inhibiting p38 MAPK and NF-κB activation. 5-MTP administration attenuates arterial intimal hyperplasia, defends against systemic inflammation and prevents renal fibrosis in relevant murine models. Serum 5-MTP level is depressed in human sepsis as well as in mice with sepsis-like disorder. It is reduced in chronic kidney disease and acute myocardial infarction in humans. The reported data suggest that serum 5-MTP may be a theranostic biomarker. In summary, 5-MTP represents a new class of tryptophan metabolite which defends against inflammation and inflammation-mediated tissue damage and fibrosis. It may be a valuable lead compound for developing new drugs to treat complex human inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan. .,College of Life Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chin Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Ming Lee
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yang Liou
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chan YH, Harith HH, Israf DA, Tham CL. Differential Regulation of LPS-Mediated VE-Cadherin Disruption in Human Endothelial Cells and the Underlying Signaling Pathways: A Mini Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:280. [PMID: 31970155 PMCID: PMC6955238 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells lining the inner vascular wall form a monolayer that contributes to the selective permeability of endothelial barrier. This selective permeability is mainly regulated by an endothelium-specific adherens junctional protein, known as vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin). In endothelial cells, the adherens junction comprises of VE-cadherin and its associated adhesion molecules such as p120, α-catenin, and β-catenin, in which α-catenin links cytoplasmic tails of VE-cadherin to actin cytoskeleton through β-catenin. Proinflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are capable of attenuating vascular integrity through the disruption of VE-cadherin adhesion in endothelial cells. To date, numerous studies demonstrated the disruption of adherens junction as a result of phosphorylation-mediated VE-cadherin disruption. However, the outcomes from these studies were inconsistent and non-conclusive as different cell fractions were used to examine the effect of LPS on the disruption of VE-cadherin. By using Western Blot, some studies utilized total protein lysate and reported decreased protein expression while some studies reported unchanged expression. Other studies which used membrane and cytosolic fractions of protein extract demonstrated decreased and increased VE-cadherin expression, respectively. Despite the irregularities, the results of immunofluorescence staining are consistent with the formation of intercellular gap. Besides that, the overall underlying disruptive mechanisms of VE-cadherin remain largely unknown. Therefore, this mini review will focus on different experiment approaches in terms of cell fractions used in different human endothelial cell studies, and relate these differences to the results obtained in Western blot and immunofluorescence staining in order to give some insights into the overall differential regulatory mechanisms of LPS-mediated VE-cadherin disruption and address the discrepancy in VE-cadherin expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Han Chan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hanis Hazeera Harith
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Daud Ahmad Israf
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen CH, Ho YC, Ho HH, Liang LY, Jiang WC, Lee GL, Lee JK, Hsu YJ, Kuo CC, Wu KK, Yet SF. Tryptophan metabolite 5-methoxytryptophan ameliorates arterial denudation-induced intimal hyperplasia via opposing effects on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8604-8622. [PMID: 31596731 PMCID: PMC6814618 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among older adults. Despite the advent of medical technology, restenosis is still an issue after interventional procedures. Tryptophan metabolite 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) has recently been shown to protect against systemic inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate the function and mechanisms of 5-MTP in interventional procedure-induced restenosis. We found that after mouse femoral artery denudation with a guide wire, 5-MTP accelerated recovery of endothelium in the denuded area and reduced vascular leakage and intimal thickening. 5-MTP increased endothelial cell proliferation in the denuded arteries and rescued TNF-α-reduced endothelial cell proliferation and migration, likely via maintaining vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 activation. In contrast, 5-MTP preserved differentiated phenotype of medial vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and decreased VSMC proliferation and migration. Furthermore, 5-MTP maintained expression levels of critical transcription factors for VSMC marker gene expressions via attenuated activation of p38 MAPK and NFκB-p65. Our findings uncover a novel protective mechanism of 5-MTP in restenosis. In response to denudation injury, 5-MTP attenuates intimal hyperplasia via concerted but opposing actions on endothelial cells and VSMCs. Taken together, our results suggest that 5-MTP is a valuable therapeutic target for arterial injury-induced restenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Huang Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Ho
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Hui Ho
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Liang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Jiang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Lin Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kuang Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Kenneth K Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen DQ, Cao G, Chen H, Argyopoulos CP, Yu H, Su W, Chen L, Samuels DC, Zhuang S, Bayliss GP, Zhao S, Yu XY, Vaziri ND, Wang M, Liu D, Mao JR, Ma SX, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Shang YQ, Kang H, Ye F, Cheng XH, Li XR, Zhang L, Meng MX, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Identification of serum metabolites associating with chronic kidney disease progression and anti-fibrotic effect of 5-methoxytryptophan. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1476. [PMID: 30931940 PMCID: PMC6443780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection and accurate monitoring of chronic kidney disease (CKD) could improve care and retard progression to end-stage renal disease. Here, using untargeted metabolomics in 2155 participants including patients with stage 1–5 CKD and healthy controls, we identify five metabolites, including 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP), whose levels strongly correlate with clinical markers of kidney disease. 5-MTP levels decrease with progression of CKD, and in mouse kidneys after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Treatment with 5-MTP ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis, inhibits IκB/NF-κB signaling, and enhances Keap1/Nrf2 signaling in mice with UUO or ischemia/reperfusion injury, as well as in cultured human kidney cells. Overexpression of tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH-1), an enzyme involved in 5-MTP synthesis, reduces renal injury by attenuating renal inflammation and fibrosis, whereas TPH-1 deficiency exacerbates renal injury and fibrosis by activating NF-κB and inhibiting Nrf2 pathways. Together, our results suggest that TPH-1 may serve as a target in the treatment of CKD. Accurate monitoring of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression is essential for efficient disease management. Here Chen et al. identify five serum metabolites in patients with stage 1–5 CKD whose levels associate with disease progression, and find that 5-methoxytryptophan and its regulatory enzyme TPH-1 exert anti-fibrotic effects in mouse models of kidney injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qian Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Christos P Argyopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, 1700 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, 1700 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721008, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - David C Samuels
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, Rhode Island, 02903, USA
| | - George P Bayliss
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, Rhode Island, 02903, USA
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 2 Xihuamen, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, California, 92897, USA
| | - Ming Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Jia-Rong Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 2 Xihuamen, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Shi-Xing Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721008, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, No. 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, No. 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - You-Quan Shang
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721008, China
| | - Huining Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, 1700 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 2 Xihuamen, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Xiang-Ri Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, No. 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Mei-Xia Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, No. 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, 1700 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang L, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Du J, Gu L, Zheng L, Zhang X. Effect of melatonin on EGF- and VEGF-induced monolayer permeability of HUVECs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 316:H1178-H1191. [PMID: 30575440 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00542.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a natural hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm, immunity, and cardiovascular function. In the present study, we focused on the mechanism of melatonin in the regulation of vascular permeability. We found that melatonin could inhibit both VEGF- and EGF-induced monolayer permeability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and change the tyrosine phosphorylation of vascular-endothelial (VE-)cadherin, which was related to endothelial barrier function. In addition, phospho-AKT (Ser473) and phospho-ERK(1/2) played significant roles in the regulation of VE-cadherin phosphorylation. Both the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT inhibitor LY49002 and MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 could inhibit the permeability of HUVECs, but with different effects on tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin. Melatonin can influence the two growth factor-induced phosphorylation of AKT (Ser473) but not ERK(1/2). Our results show that melatonin can inhibit growth factor-induced monolayer permeability of HUVECs by influencing the phosphorylation of AKT and VE-cadherin. Melatonin can be a potential treatment for diseases associated with abnormal vascular permeability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that melatonin could inhibit both EGF- and VEGF-induced monolayer permeability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which is related to phosphorylation of vascular-endothelial cadherin. Blockade of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways could inhibit the permeability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and phosphorylation of AKT (Ser473) might be a critical event in the changing of monolayer permeability and likely has cross-talk with the MEK/ERK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Changzhou, Jiangsu , China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
| | - Yadong Ma
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
| | - Lu Zheng
- General Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Changzhou, Jiangsu , China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic surgery and the General Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Changzhou, Jiangsu , China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen HL, Yuan CY, Cheng HH, Chang TC, Huang SK, Kuo CC, Wu KK. Restoration of hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase levels in human cancer cells induces a tryptophan-metabolic switch and attenuates cancer progression. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11131-11142. [PMID: 29794137 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) is a tryptophan metabolite with recently discovered anti-inflammatory and tumor-suppressing activities. Its synthesis is catalyzed by a hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase (HIOMT)-like enzyme. However, the exact identity of this HIOMT in human cells remains unclear. Human HIOMT exists in several alternatively spliced isoforms, and we hypothesized that 5-MTP-producing HIOMT is a distinct isoform. Here, we show that human fibroblasts and cancer cells express the HIOMT298 isoform as contrasted with the expression of the HIOMT345 isoform in pineal cells. Sequencing analysis of the cloned isoforms revealed that HIOMT298 is identical to the sequence of a previously reported truncated HIOMT isoform. Of note, HIOMT298 expression was reduced in cancer cells and tissues. Stable transfection of A549 cancer cells with HIOMT298 restored HIOMT expression to normal levels, accompanied by 5-MTP production. Furthermore, HIOMT298 transfection caused a tryptophan-metabolic switch from serotonin to 5-MTP production. To determine the in vivo relevance of this alteration, we compared growth and lung metastasis of HIOMT298-transfected A549 cells with those of vector- or untransfected A549 cells as controls in a murine xenograft model. Of note, the HIOMT298-transfected A549 cells exhibited slower growth and lower metastasis than the controls. Our findings provide insight into the crucial role of HIOMT298 in 5-MTP production in cells and in inhibiting cancer progression and highlight the potential therapeutic value of 5-MTP for managing cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Ling Chen
- From the Institute of Cellular and System Medicine and.,National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yun Yuan
- From the Institute of Cellular and System Medicine and.,Metabolomic Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Hsuan Cheng
- Metabolomic Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, and
| | - Tzu-Ching Chang
- Metabolomic Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, and
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | | | - Kenneth K Wu
- From the Institute of Cellular and System Medicine and .,Metabolomic Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, and.,Department of Medical Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing-Hua University College of Life Science, Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cui J, Li Z, Zhuang S, Qi S, Li L, Zhou J, Zhang W, Zhao Y. Melatonin alleviates inflammation-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via suppression of Ca 2+-XO-ROS-Drp1-mitochondrial fission axis by activation of AMPK/SERCA2a pathway. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:281-293. [PMID: 28889229 PMCID: PMC5823809 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelia inflammation damage is vital to the development and progression of chronic venous disease. In the present study, we explored the protective effect of melatonin on endothelia apoptosis induced by LPS, particularly focusing on the mitochondrial fission. We demonstrated that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) subjected to LPS for 12 h exhibited a higher apoptotic rate. However, melatonin (1-20 μM) treatment 12 h before LPS had the ability to protect HUVEC cell against LPS-mediated apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, LPS induced the cytoplasmic calcium overload which was responsible for the upregulation of calcium-dependent xanthine oxidase (XO). Higher XO expression was associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, leading to the Drp1 phosphorylation at the Ser616 site and migration on the surface of mitochondria. Furthermore, phosphorylated Drp1 initiated the mitochondrial fission contributing to the caspase9-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis as evidenced by lower membrane potential, more cyt-c leakage into the nuclear, and higher expression of proapoptotic proteins. However, melatonin treatment could trigger the AMPK pathway, which was followed by the increased SERCA2a expression. Activation of AMPK/SERCA2a by melatonin inhibited the calcium overload, XO-mediated ROS outburst, Drp1-required mitochondrial fission, and final mitochondrial apoptosis. In summary, this study confirmed that LPS induced HUVEC apoptosis through Ca2+-XO-ROS-Drp1-mitochondrial fission axis and that melatonin reduced the apoptosis of HUVEC through activation of the AMPK/SERCA2a pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiasen Cui
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Zeng Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shunjiu Zhuang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shaohong Qi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Junwen Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Anderson GM, Eighmie JT. The determination of 5-methoxytryptophan in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1074-1075:124-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
22
|
Cytokine-induced autophagy promotes long-term VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1 expression by degrading late-phase IκBα. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12472. [PMID: 28963466 PMCID: PMC5622139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to induce endothelial cell autophagy, but the role of autophagy in regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules has not been characterized. We hypothesized that autophagy facilitates expression of endothelial adhesion molecules. TNFα and IL-1β induced autophagy markers in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) blocked adhesion of Jurkat lymphocytes. Interestingly, 3-MA suppressed VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1 expression at 24 hours but not 6 hours. 3-MA suppressed VCAM-1 transcription and decreased nuclear NF-κB p65 level at 6 hours but not at 2 hours. Cytokines induced a biphasic degradation of IκBα and 3-MA selectively blocked the late-phase IκBα degradation. Our results suggest that cytokine-induced autophagy contributes to late-phase IκBα degradation, facilitates NF-κB nuclear translocation and VCAM-1 transcription for long-term VCAM-1 expression. With a cytokines array assay, we found that 3-MA also inhibited IP-10 expression. These findings provide new information about the role of endothelial autophagy in persistent expression of VCAM-1 and IP-10 which enhance lymphocyte recruitment and adhesion to endothelium.
Collapse
|
23
|
Chang TC, Hsu MF, Shih CY, Wu KK. 5-methoxytryptophan protects MSCs from stress induced premature senescence by upregulating FoxO3a and mTOR. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11133. [PMID: 28894133 PMCID: PMC5593915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) is a newly discovered tryptophan metabolite which controls stress-induced inflammatory signals. To determine whether 5-MTP protects against stress-induced mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) senescence, we incubated bone marrow-derived MSC (BM-MSC) in high-glucose medium or regular medium for 2 weeks followed by addiction of 5-MTP (10 μM) or vehicle for 48 h. 5-MTP reduced p16 and p21 expression, senescence-associated β-Gal (SA-β-Gal) and IL-6 secretion and increased BrdU incorporation. 5-MTP exerted a similar effect on BM-MSC senescence induced by a sublethal concentration of H2O2. 5-MTP enhanced FoxO3a expression and increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in HG BM-MSCs. Silencing of FoxO3a with siRNA abrogated 5-MTP-mediated reduction of SA-β-Gal and IL-6 secretion but not p21 or p16. Since mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is involved in cellular senescence, we determined whether 5-MTP influences mTOR expression. Our data reveal that mTOR protein level was depressed in HG-MSC which was rescued by 5-MTP. Rapamycin abrogated 5-MTP-mediated suppression of p16, p21, SA-β-Gal and IL-6 and rise of BrdU incorporation. Our findings suggest that 5-MTP protects MSCs against stress-induced senescence via FoxO3a and mTOR upregulation and has potential to improve cell expansion for cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ching Chang
- Metabolomic Medicine Research Center China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Fen Hsu
- Metabolomic Medicine Research Center China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yueh Shih
- Metabolomic Medicine Research Center China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kenneth K Wu
- Metabolomic Medicine Research Center China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lin YH, Kuo CC, Wu KK. Reply to letter: “5-Methoxytryptophan: A promising early marker for predicting post-myocardial infarction heart failure”. Int J Cardiol 2017; 234:100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
25
|
Peter A, Fatykhova D, Kershaw O, Gruber AD, Rueckert J, Neudecker J, Toennies M, Bauer TT, Schneider P, Schimek M, Eggeling S, Suttorp N, Hocke AC, Hippenstiel S. Localization and pneumococcal alteration of junction proteins in the human alveolar-capillary compartment. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 147:707-719. [PMID: 28247028 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Loss of alveolar barrier function with subsequent respiratory failure is a hallmark of severe pneumonia. Although junctions between endo- and epithelial cells regulate paracellular fluid flux, little is known about their composition and regulation in the human alveolar compartment. High autofluorescence of human lung tissue in particular complicates the determination of subcellular protein localization. By comparing conventional channel mode confocal imaging with spectral imaging and linear unmixing, we demonstrate that background fluorescent spectra and fluorophore signals could be rigorously separated resulting in complete recovery of the specific signal at a high signal-to-noise ratio. Using this technique and Western blotting, we show the expression patterns of tight junction proteins occludin, ZO-1 as well as claudin-3, -4, -5 and -18 and adherence junction protein VE-cadherin in naive or Streptococcus pneumoniae-infected human lung tissue. In uninfected tissues, occludin and ZO-1 formed band-like structures in alveolar epithelial cells type I (AEC I), alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEC II) and lung capillaries, whereas claudin-3, -4 and -18 were visualised in AEC II. Claudin-5 was detected in the endothelium only. Claudin-3, -5, -18 displayed continuous band-like structures, while claudin-4 showed a dot-like expression. Pneumococcal infection reduced alveolar occludin, ZO-1, claudin-5 and VE-cadherin but did not change the presence of claudin-3, -4 and -18. Spectral confocal microscopy allows for the subcellular structural analysis of proteins in highly autofluorescent human lung tissue. The thereby observed deterioration of lung alveolar junctional organisation gives a structural explanation for alveolar barrier disruption in severe pneumococcal pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department for Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Fatykhova
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olivia Kershaw
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Rueckert
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Neudecker
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Toennies
- Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, HELIOS Klinikum Emil von Behring, Walterhöferstrasse 11, 14165, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten T Bauer
- Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, HELIOS Klinikum Emil von Behring, Walterhöferstrasse 11, 14165, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Schneider
- Department for General and Thoracic Surgery, DRK Clinics, Drontheimer Strasse 39-40, 13359, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schimek
- Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit, Klinikum Neukölln, Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Berlin, Rudower Straße 48, 12351, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Eggeling
- Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit, Klinikum Neukölln, Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Berlin, Rudower Straße 48, 12351, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim DS, Min SJ, Kim MJ, Kim JE, Kang TC. Leptomycin B ameliorates vasogenic edema formation induced by status epilepticus via inhibiting p38 MAPK/VEGF pathway. Brain Res 2016; 1651:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|