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Beca-Carretero P, Marín C, Azcárate-García T, Cara CL, Brun F, Stengel DB. Ecotype-Specific and Correlated Seasonal Responses of Biomass Production, Non-Structural Carbohydrates, and Fatty Acids in Zostera marina. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:396. [PMID: 38337929 PMCID: PMC10856944 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Seagrasses, which are marine flowering plants, provide numerous ecological services and goods. Zostera marina is the most widely distributed seagrass in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions. This study aimed to (i) examine seasonal trends and correlations between key seagrass traits such as biomass production and biochemical composition, and (ii) compare seasonal adaptation of two ecotypes of Z. marina exposed to similar environmental conditions on the west coast of Ireland. During summer, plants accumulated higher levels of energetic compounds and levels of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) decreased. Conversely, the opposite trend was observed during colder months. These findings indicate a positive seasonal correlation between the production of non-structural carbohydrates and saturated fatty acids (SFAs), suggesting that seagrasses accumulate and utilize both energetic compounds simultaneously during favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions. The two ecotypes displayed differential seasonal responses by adjusting plant morphology and production, the utilization of energetic reserves, and modulating unsaturation levels of fatty acids in seagrass leaves. These results underscore the correlated seasonal responses of key compounds, capturing ecotype-specific environmental adaptations and ecological strategies, emphasizing the robust utility of these traits as a valuable eco-physiological tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Beca-Carretero
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland (D.B.S.)
- Department of Theoretical Ecology and Modelling, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Centro de Investigación Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Clara Marín
- Centro de Investigación Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Tomás Azcárate-García
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia L. Cara
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland (D.B.S.)
| | - Fernando Brun
- Department of Biology, Division of Ecology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain;
| | - Dagmar B. Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland (D.B.S.)
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2
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Yu L, Khachaturyan M, Matschiner M, Healey A, Bauer D, Cameron B, Cusson M, Emmett Duffy J, Joel Fodrie F, Gill D, Grimwood J, Hori M, Hovel K, Hughes AR, Jahnke M, Jenkins J, Keymanesh K, Kruschel C, Mamidi S, Menning DM, Moksnes PO, Nakaoka M, Pennacchio C, Reiss K, Rossi F, Ruesink JL, Schultz ST, Talbot S, Unsworth R, Ward DH, Dagan T, Schmutz J, Eisen JA, Stachowicz JJ, Van de Peer Y, Olsen JL, Reusch TBH. Ocean current patterns drive the worldwide colonization of eelgrass (Zostera marina). NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1207-1220. [PMID: 37474781 PMCID: PMC10435387 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Currents are unique drivers of oceanic phylogeography and thus determine the distribution of marine coastal species, along with past glaciations and sea-level changes. Here we reconstruct the worldwide colonization history of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.), the most widely distributed marine flowering plant or seagrass from its origin in the Northwest Pacific, based on nuclear and chloroplast genomes. We identified two divergent Pacific clades with evidence for admixture along the East Pacific coast. Two west-to-east (trans-Pacific) colonization events support the key role of the North Pacific Current. Time-calibrated nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies yielded concordant estimates of the arrival of Z. marina in the Atlantic through the Canadian Arctic, suggesting that eelgrass-based ecosystems, hotspots of biodiversity and carbon sequestration, have only been present there for ~243 ky (thousand years). Mediterranean populations were founded ~44 kya, while extant distributions along western and eastern Atlantic shores were founded at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (~19 kya), with at least one major refuge being the North Carolina region. The recent colonization and five- to sevenfold lower genomic diversity of the Atlantic compared to the Pacific populations raises concern and opportunity about how Atlantic eelgrass might respond to rapidly warming coastal oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marina Khachaturyan
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of General Microbiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Matschiner
- Department of Paleontology and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adam Healey
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Diane Bauer
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Cameron
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mathieu Cusson
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Emmett Duffy
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - F Joel Fodrie
- Institute of Marine Sciences (UNC-CH), Morehead City, NC, USA
| | - Diana Gill
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jane Grimwood
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Masakazu Hori
- Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kevin Hovel
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Marlene Jahnke
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Jerry Jenkins
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Keykhosrow Keymanesh
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Sujan Mamidi
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | - Per-Olav Moksnes
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Christa Pennacchio
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Francesca Rossi
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn-National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Sandra Talbot
- Far Northwestern Institute of Art and Science, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Richard Unsworth
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Project Seagrass, the Yard, Bridgend, UK
| | - David H Ward
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Tal Dagan
- Institute of General Microbiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Eisen
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John J Stachowicz
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jeanine L Olsen
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thorsten B H Reusch
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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3
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Grignon-Dubois M, Rezzonico B. Phenolic chemistry of the seagrass Zostera marina Linnaeus: First assessment of geographic variability among populations on a broad spatial scale. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023:113788. [PMID: 37423489 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The variability of the phenolic content of thirteen populations of Zostera marina L. (six narrow-leaved and seven wide-leaved ecotypes) from different geographical zones, i.e., Baltic Sea, Mediterranean, East and West Atlantic, and East Pacific coasts was evaluated. Depending on the location, three to five phenolic acids and nine to fourteen flavonoids were identified of which an undescribed flavonoid sulfate. The phenolic concentrations of the thirteen populations differ among countries and among sites within countries. However, the same individuals were found almost everywhere. Substantial phenolic concentrations were found at all study sites with the exception of Puck Bay (Baltic Sea). Some geographical differences in the flavonoid content were observed. The highest phenolic diversity was found with specimens from the French Atlantic coast and the lowest with the Northeastern American sample (Cape Cod, MA). Regardless of their leaf width, the content of phenolic compounds was found to be similar and mainly characterized by rosmarinic acid and luteolin 7,3'-disulfate. The results demonstrate that geographic origin influences the phenolic composition of Z. marina primarily in terms of concentration, but not in terms of individual compound identity, despite the large geographic scale and the contrasting climatic and environmental conditions associated with it. This work is the first study to consider the spatial variability of phenolic compounds for a seagrass species on a spatial scale covering four bioregions. This is also the first to compare the phenolic chemistry of the two ecotypes of Z. marina.
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Foster E, Watson J, Lemay MA, Tinker MT, Estes JA, Piercey R, Henson L, Ritland C, Miscampbell A, Nichol L, Hessing-Lewis M, Salomon AK, Darimont CT. Physical disturbance by recovering sea otter populations increases eelgrass genetic diversity. Science 2021; 374:333-336. [PMID: 34648338 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Foster
- Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, BC V0P 1H0, Canada.,Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Jane Watson
- Department of Biology, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada
| | | | - M Tim Tinker
- Nhydra Ecological Consulting, St. Margaret's Bay, NS B3Z 2G6, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - James A Estes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | | | - Lauren Henson
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Bella Bella, BC V0T 1Z0, Canada
| | - Carol Ritland
- Genetic Data Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Allyson Miscampbell
- Genetic Data Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Linda Nichol
- Cetacean Research Program, Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | | | - Anne K Salomon
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Chris T Darimont
- Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, BC V0P 1H0, Canada.,Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Bella Bella, BC V0T 1Z0, Canada
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5
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Murphy GE, Dunic JC, Adamczyk EM, Bittick SJ, Côté IM, Cristiani J, Geissinger EA, Gregory RS, Lotze HK, O’Connor MI, Araújo CA, Rubidge EM, Templeman ND, Wong MC. From coast to coast to coast: ecology and management of seagrass ecosystems across Canada. Facets (Ott) 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2020-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seagrass meadows are among the most productive and diverse marine ecosystems, providing essential structure, functions, and services. They are also among the most impacted by human activities and in urgent need of better management and protection. In Canada, eelgrass ( Zostera marina) meadows are found along the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts, and thus occur across a wide range of biogeographic conditions. Here, we synthesize knowledge of eelgrass ecosystems across Canada’s coasts, highlighting commonalities and differences in environmental conditions, plant, habitat, and community structure, as well as current trends and human impacts. Across regions, eelgrass life history, phenology, and general species assemblages are similar. However, distinct regional differences occur in environmental conditions, particularly with water temperature and nutrient availability. There is considerable variation in the types and strengths of human activities among regions. The impacts of coastal development are prevalent in all regions, while other impacts are of concern for specific regions, e.g., nutrient loading in the Atlantic and impacts from the logging industry in the Pacific. In addition, climate change represents a growing threat to eelgrass meadows. We review current management and conservation efforts and discuss the implications of observed differences from coast to coast to coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E.P. Murphy
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Jillian C. Dunic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Emily M. Adamczyk
- Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sarah J. Bittick
- Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Isabelle M. Côté
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - John Cristiani
- Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Robert S. Gregory
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John’s, NL A1A 5J7, Canada
| | - Heike K. Lotze
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mary I. O’Connor
- Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Carlos A.S. Araújo
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Emily M. Rubidge
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Melisa C. Wong
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
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6
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Krause-Jensen D, Archambault P, Assis J, Bartsch I, Bischof K, Filbee-Dexter K, Dunton KH, Maximova O, Ragnarsdóttir SB, Sejr MK, Simakova U, Spiridonov V, Wegeberg S, Winding MHS, Duarte CM. Imprint of Climate Change on Pan-Arctic Marine Vegetation. FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE 2020; 7. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.617324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic climate is changing rapidly. The warming and resultant longer open water periods suggest a potential for expansion of marine vegetation along the vast Arctic coastline. We compiled and reviewed the scattered time series on Arctic marine vegetation and explored trends for macroalgae and eelgrass (Zostera marina). We identified a total of 38 sites, distributed between Arctic coastal regions in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Norway/Svalbard, and Russia, having time series extending into the 21st Century. The majority of these exhibited increase in abundance, productivity or species richness, and/or expansion of geographical distribution limits, several time series showed no significant trend. Only four time series displayed a negative trend, largely due to urchin grazing or increased turbidity. Overall, the observations support with medium confidence (i.e., 5–8 in 10 chance of being correct, adopting the IPCC confidence scale) the prediction that macrophytes are expanding in the Arctic. Species distribution modeling was challenged by limited observations and lack of information on substrate, but suggested a current (2000–2017) potential pan-Arctic brown macroalgal distribution area of 655,111 km2(140,433 km2intertidal, 514,679 km2subtidal), representing an increase of about 45% for subtidal- and 8% for intertidal macroalgae since 1940–1950, and associated polar migration rates averaging 18–23 km decade–1. Adjusting the potential macroalgal distribution area by the fraction of shores represented by cliffs halves the estimate (340,658 km2). Warming and reduced sea ice cover along the Arctic coastlines are expected to stimulate further expansion of marine vegetation from boreal latitudes. The changes likely affect the functioning of coastal Arctic ecosystems because of the vegetation’s roles as habitat, and for carbon and nutrient cycling and storage. We encourage a pan-Arctic science- and management agenda to incorporate marine vegetation into a coherent understanding of Arctic changes by quantifying distribution and status beyond the scattered studies now available to develop sustainable management strategies for these important ecosystems.
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7
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Menning DM, Ward DH, Wyllie‐Echeverria S, Sage GK, Gravley MC, Gravley HA, Talbot SL. Are migratory waterfowl vectors of seagrass pathogens? Ecol Evol 2020; 10:2062-2073. [PMID: 32128138 PMCID: PMC7042754 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory waterfowl vector plant seeds and other tissues, but little attention has focused on the potential of avian vectoring of plant pathogens. Extensive meadows of eelgrass (Zostera marina) in southwest Alaska support hundreds of thousands of waterfowl during fall migration and may be susceptible to plant pathogens. We recovered DNA of organisms pathogenic to eelgrass from environmental samples and in the cloacal contents of eight of nine waterfowl species that annually migrate along the Pacific coast of North America and Asia. Coupled with a signal of asymmetrical gene flow of eelgrass running counter to that expected from oceanic and coastal currents between Large Marine Ecosystems, this evidence suggests waterfowl are vectors of eelgrass pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandy Wyllie‐Echeverria
- Friday Harbor LaboratoriesCollege of the EnvironmentUniversity of WashingtonFriday HarborWAUSA
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8
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Elliott JK, Simpson H, Teesdale A, Replogle A, Elliott M, Coats K, Chastagner G. A Novel Phagomyxid Parasite Produces Sporangia in Root Hair Galls of Eelgrass (Zostera marina). Protist 2018; 170:64-81. [PMID: 30710862 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the parasite causing the formation of root hair galls on eelgrass (Zostera marina) in Puget Sound, WA. Microscopic and molecular analyses revealed that a novel protist formed plasmodia that developed into sporangia in root hair tip galls and released biflagellate swimming zoospores. Root hair galls were also observed in the basal section of root hairs, and contained plasmodia or formed thick-walled structures filled with cells (resting spores). Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rDNA sequence data obtained from cells in sporangia indicated that the closest relative of the parasite with a known taxonomic identification was Plasmodiophora diplantherae (86.9% sequence similarity), a phagomyxid parasite that infects the seagrass Halodule spp. To determine the local geographic distribution of the parasite, root and soil samples were taken from four eelgrass populations in Puget Sound and analyzed for root hair galls and parasite DNA using a newly designed qPCR protocol. The percent of root hairs with galls and amount of parasite DNA in roots and sediment varied among the four eelgrass populations. Future studies are needed to establish the taxonomy of the parasite, its effects on Z. marina, and the factors that determine its distribution and abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel K Elliott
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98406, USA.
| | - Hunter Simpson
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98406, USA
| | - Alex Teesdale
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98406, USA
| | - Amy Replogle
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98406, USA
| | - Marianne Elliott
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University Research & Extension Center, Puyallup, WA 98371, USA
| | - Kathryn Coats
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University Research & Extension Center, Puyallup, WA 98371, USA
| | - Gary Chastagner
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University Research & Extension Center, Puyallup, WA 98371, USA
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9
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Gravley MC, Sage GK, Talbot SL, Carlson ML. Development and characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the sea sandwort, Honckenya peploides. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2018; 131:879-885. [PMID: 29687245 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-018-1036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Codominant marker systems are better suited to analyze population structure and assess the source of an individual in admixture analyses. Currently, there is no codominant marker system using microsatellites developed for the sea sandwort, Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh., an early colonizer in island systems. We developed and characterized novel microsatellite loci from H. peploides, using reads collected from whole genome shotgun sequencing on a 454 platform. The combined output from two shotgun runs yielded a total of 62,669 reads, from which 58 loci were screened. We identified 12 polymorphic loci that amplified reliably and exhibited disomic inheritance. Microsatellite data were collected and characterized for the 12 polymorphic loci in two Alaskan populations of H. peploides: Fossil Beach, Kodiak Island (n = 32) and Egg Bay, Atka Island (n = 29). The Atka population exhibited a slightly higher average number of alleles (3.9) and observed heterozygosity (0.483) than the Kodiak population (3.3 and 0.347, respectively). The overall probability of identity values for both populations was PID = 2.892e-6 and PIDsib = 3.361e-3. We also screened the 12 polymorphic loci in Wilhelmsia physodes (Fisch. ex Ser.) McNeill, the most closely related species to H. peploides, and only one locus was polymorphic. These microsatellite markers will allow future investigations into population genetic and colonization patterns of the beach dune ruderal H. peploides on new and recently disturbed islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg C Gravley
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA.
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA.
| | - George K Sage
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Sandra L Talbot
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Matthew L Carlson
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
- University of Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Center for Conservation Science, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
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10
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Li ZZ, Gichira AW, Wang QF, Chen JM. Genetic diversity and population structure of the endangered basal angiosperm Brasenia schreberi (Cabombaceae) in China. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5296. [PMID: 30013859 PMCID: PMC6047506 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmelin (Cabombaceae), an aquatic herb that occurs in fragmented locations in China, is rare and endangered. Understanding its genetic diversity and structure is crucial for its conservation and management. In this study, 12 microsatellite markers were used to estimate the genetic diversity and variation in 21 populations of B. schreberi in China. A total of 61 alleles were found; assessment of allelic richness (Ar = 1.92) and observed and expected heterozygosity (HO = 0.200, HE = 0.256) suggest lower genetic diversity compared to some endangered species, and higher variation was observed within populations (58.68%) rather than among populations (41.32%). No significant correlation between geographical and genetic distance among populations was detected (Mantel test, r = 0.0694; P = 0.7985), which may have likely resulted from barriers to gene flow (Nm = 0.361) that were produced by habitat fragmentation. However, Bayesian and neighbor-joining cluster analyses suggest a population genetic structure consisting of two clusters (I and II) or four subclusters (I-1, 2 and II-1, 2). The genetic structure and distribution of B. schreberi in China may have involved glacial refugia that underwent range expansions, introgression, and habitat fragmentation. The findings of the present study emphasize the importance for both in situ and ex situ conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhong Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Andrew W. Gichira
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Jahnke M, Jonsson PR, Moksnes P, Loo L, Nilsson Jacobi M, Olsen JL. Seascape genetics and biophysical connectivity modelling support conservation of the seagrass Zostera marina in the Skagerrak-Kattegat region of the eastern North Sea. Evol Appl 2018; 11:645-661. [PMID: 29875808 PMCID: PMC5979629 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining and enabling evolutionary processes within meta-populations are critical to resistance, resilience and adaptive potential. Knowledge about which populations act as sources or sinks, and the direction of gene flow, can help to focus conservation efforts more effectively and forecast how populations might respond to future anthropogenic and environmental pressures. As a foundation species and habitat provider, Zostera marina (eelgrass) is of critical importance to ecosystem functions including fisheries. Here, we estimate connectivity of Z. marina in the Skagerrak-Kattegat region of the North Sea based on genetic and biophysical modelling. Genetic diversity, population structure and migration were analysed at 23 locations using 20 microsatellite loci and a suite of analytical approaches. Oceanographic connectivity was analysed using Lagrangian dispersal simulations based on contemporary and historical distribution data dating back to the late 19th century. Population clusters, barriers and networks of connectivity were found to be very similar based on either genetic or oceanographic analyses. A single-generation model of dispersal was not realistic, whereas multigeneration models that integrate stepping-stone dispersal and extant and historic distribution data were able to capture and model genetic connectivity patterns well. Passive rafting of flowering shoots along oceanographic currents is the main driver of gene flow at this spatial-temporal scale, and extant genetic connectivity strongly reflects the "ghost of dispersal past" sensu Benzie, 1999. The identification of distinct clusters, connectivity hotspots and areas where connectivity has become limited over the last century is critical information for spatial management, conservation and restoration of eelgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Jahnke
- Department of Marine Sciences – TjärnöUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesSection: Ecology and Evolutionary Genomics in Nature (GREEN)University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Per R. Jonsson
- Department of Marine Sciences – TjärnöUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | - Per‐Olav Moksnes
- Department of Marine ScienceUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Lars‐Ove Loo
- Department of Marine Sciences – TjärnöUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | - Martin Nilsson Jacobi
- Complex Systems GroupDepartment of Energy and EnvironmentChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden
| | - Jeanine L. Olsen
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesSection: Ecology and Evolutionary Genomics in Nature (GREEN)University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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Population genetic structure of eelgrass (Zostera marina) on the Korean coast: Current status and conservation implications for future management. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174105. [PMID: 28323864 PMCID: PMC5360257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seagrasses provide numerous ecosystem services for coastal and estuarine environments, such as nursery functions, erosion protection, pollution filtration, and carbon sequestration. Zostera marina (common name “eelgrass”) is one of the seagrass bed-forming species distributed widely in the northern hemisphere, including the Korean Peninsula. Recently, however, there has been a drastic decline in the population size of Z. marina worldwide, including Korea. We examined the current population genetic status of this species on the southern coast of Korea by estimating the levels of genetic diversity and genetic structure of 10 geographic populations using eight nuclear microsatellite markers. The level of genetic diversity was found to be significantly lower for populations on Jeju Island [mean allelic richness (AR) = 1.92, clonal diversity (R) = 0.51], which is located approximately 155 km off the southernmost region of the Korean Peninsula, than for those in the South Sea (mean AR = 2.69, R = 0.82), which is on the southern coast of the mainland. South Korean eelgrass populations were substantially genetically divergent from one another (FST = 0.061–0.573), suggesting that limited contemporary gene flow has been taking place among populations. We also found weak but detectable temporal variation in genetic structure within a site over 10 years. In additional depth comparisons, statistically significant genetic differentiation was observed between shallow (or middle) and deep zones in two of three sites tested. Depleted genetic diversity, small effective population sizes (Ne) and limited connectivity for populations on Jeju Island indicate that these populations may be vulnerable to local extinction under changing environmental conditions, especially given that Jeju Island is one of the fastest warming regions around the world. Overall, our work will inform conservation and restoration efforts, including transplantation for eelgrass populations at the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula, for this ecologically important species.
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