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Ding Z, Ge W, Xu X, Xu X, Wang S, Zhang J. PER2/P65-driven glycogen synthase 1 transcription in macrophages modulates gut inflammation and pathogenesis of rectal prolapse. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105219. [PMID: 37660913 PMCID: PMC10534228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rectal prolapse in serious inflammatory bowel disease is caused by abnormal reactions of the intestinal mucosal immune system. The circadian clock has been implicated in immune defense and inflammatory responses, but the mechanisms by which it regulates gut inflammation remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the role of the rhythmic gene Period2 (Per2) in triggering inflammation in the rectum and its contribution to the pathogenesis of rectal prolapse. We report that Per2 deficiency in mice increased susceptibility to intestinal inflammation and resulted in spontaneous rectal prolapse. We further demonstrated that PER2 was essential for the transcription of glycogen synthase 1 by interacting with the NF-κB p65. We show that the inhibition of Per2 reduced the levels of glycogen synthase 1 and glycogen synthesis in macrophages, impairing the capacity of pathogen clearance and disrupting the composition of gut microbes. Taken together, our findings identify a novel role for Per2 in regulating the capacity of pathogen clearance in macrophages and gut inflammation and suggest a potential animal model that more closely resembles human rectal prolapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ding
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
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Shen Z, Mannion A, Lin M, Esmail M, Bakthavatchalu V, Yang S, Ho C, Feng Y, Smith B, Elliott J, Gresham V, VandeBerg JL, Samollow PB, Fox JG. Helicobacter monodelphidis sp. nov. and Helicobacter didelphidarum sp. nov., isolated from grey short-tailed opossums ( Monodelphis domestica) with endemic cloacal prolapses. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 70:6032-6043. [PMID: 33079029 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a search for potential causes of increased prolapse incidence in grey short-tailed opossum colonies, samples from the gastrointestinal tracts of 94 clinically normal opossums with rectal prolapses were screened for Helicobacter species by culture and PCR. Forty strains of two novel Helicobacter species which differed from the established Helicobacter taxa were isolated from opossums with and without prolapses. One of the Helicobacter species was spiral-shaped and urease-negative whereas the other Helicobacter strain had fusiform morphology with periplasmic fibres and was urease-positive. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that all the isolates had over 99 % sequence identity with each other, and were most closely related to Helicobacter canadensis. Strains from the two novel Helicobacter species were subjected to gyrB and hsp60 gene and whole genome sequence analyses. These two novel Helicobacter species formed separate phylogenetic clades, divergent from other known Helicobacter species. The bacteria were confirmed as novel Helicobacter species based on digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity analysis of their genomes, for which we propose the names Helicobacter monodelphidis sp. nov. with the type strain MIT 15-1451T (=LMG 29780T=NCTC 14189T) and Helicobacter didelphidarum sp. nov with type strain MIT 17-337T (=LMG 31024T=NCTC 14188T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Mannion
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maggie Lin
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, The Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Michael Esmail
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Stephanie Yang
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Calvin Ho
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yan Feng
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Briony Smith
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, The Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - James Elliott
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, The Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Vince Gresham
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, The Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - John L VandeBerg
- South Texas Diabetes & Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, TX, USA
| | - Paul B Samollow
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, The Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Péré-Védrenne C, Flahou B, Loke MF, Ménard A, Vadivelu J. Other Helicobacters, gastric and gut microbiota. Helicobacter 2017; 22 Suppl 1. [PMID: 28891140 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The current article is a review of the most important and relevant literature published in 2016 and early 2017 on non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter infections in humans and animals, as well as interactions between H. pylori and the microbiota of the stomach and other organs. Some putative new Helicobacter species were identified in sea otters, wild boars, dogs, and mice. Many cases of Helicobacter fennelliae and Helicobacter cinaedi infection have been reported in humans, mostly in immunocompromised patients. Mouse models have been used frequently as a model to investigate human Helicobacter infection, although some studies have investigated the pathogenesis of Helicobacters in their natural host, as was the case for Helicobacter suis infection in pigs. Our understanding of both the gastric and gut microbiome has made progress and, in addition, interactions between H. pylori and the microbiome were demonstrated to go beyond the stomach. Some new approaches of preventing Helicobacter infection or its related pathologies were investigated and, in this respect, the probiotic properties of Saccharomyces, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. were confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Péré-Védrenne
- INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bacteriology Laboratory, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mun Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Armelle Ménard
- INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bacteriology Laboratory, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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García A, Mannion A, Feng Y, Madden CM, Bakthavatchalu V, Shen Z, Ge Z, Fox JG. Cytotoxic Escherichia coli strains encoding colibactin colonize laboratory mice. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:777-786. [PMID: 27480057 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli strains have not been fully characterized in laboratory mice and are not currently excluded from mouse colonies. Colibactin (Clb), a cytotoxin, has been associated with inflammation and cancer in humans and animals. We performed bacterial cultures utilizing rectal swab, fecal, and extra intestinal samples from clinically unaffected or affected laboratory mice. Fifty-one E. coli were isolated from 45 laboratory mice, identified biochemically, and selected isolates were serotyped. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced for specific isolates, PCR used for clbA and clbQ gene amplification, and phylogenetic group identification was performed on all 51 E. coli strains. Clb genes were sequenced and selected E. coli isolates were characterized using a HeLa cell cytotoxicity assay. Forty-five of the 51 E. coli isolates (88%) encoded clbA and clbQ and belonged to phylogenetic group B2. Mouse E. coli serotypes included: O2:H6, O-:H-, OM:H+, and O22:H-. Clb-encoding O2: H6 mouse E. coli isolates were cytotoxic in vitro. A Clb-encoding E. coli was isolated from a clinically affected genetically modified mouse with cystic endometrial hyperplasia. Our findings suggest that Clb-encoding E. coli colonize laboratory mice and may induce clinical and subclinical diseases that may impact experimental mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis García
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anthony Mannion
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yan Feng
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carolyn M Madden
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vasudevan Bakthavatchalu
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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