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Ruthven M, Peplinski AM, Adams DM, King AP, Miquel ME. Real-time speech MRI datasets with corresponding articulator ground-truth segmentations. Sci Data 2023; 10:860. [PMID: 38042857 PMCID: PMC10693552 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of real-time magnetic resonance imaging (rt-MRI) of speech is increasing in clinical practice and speech science research. Analysis of such images often requires segmentation of articulators and the vocal tract, and the community is turning to deep-learning-based methods to perform this segmentation. While there are publicly available rt-MRI datasets of speech, these do not include ground-truth (GT) segmentations, a key requirement for the development of deep-learning-based segmentation methods. To begin to address this barrier, this work presents rt-MRI speech datasets of five healthy adult volunteers with corresponding GT segmentations and velopharyngeal closure patterns. The images were acquired using standard clinical MRI scanners, coils and sequences to facilitate acquisition of similar images in other centres. The datasets include manually created GT segmentations of six anatomical features including the tongue, soft palate and vocal tract. In addition, this work makes code and instructions to implement a current state-of-the-art deep-learning-based method to segment rt-MRI speech datasets publicly available, thus providing the community and others with a starting point for developing such methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Ruthven
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | | | - David M Adams
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Andrew P King
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Marc Eric Miquel
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK.
- Digital Environment Research Institute (DERI), Empire House, 67-75 New Road, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 1HH, UK.
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Barts NIHR BRC, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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2
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Lee W, Miller EY, Zhu H, Schneider SE, Reiter DA, Neu CP. Multi-frame biomechanical and relaxometry analysis during in vivo loading of the human knee by spiral dualMRI and compressed sensing. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:995-1009. [PMID: 37213087 PMCID: PMC10330244 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Knee cartilage experiences repetitive loading during physical activities, which is altered during the pathogenesis of diseases like osteoarthritis. Analyzing the biomechanics during motion provides a clear understanding of the dynamics of cartilage deformation and may establish essential imaging biomarkers of early-stage disease. However, in vivo biomechanical analysis of cartilage during rapid motion is not well established. METHODS We used spiral displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) MRI on in vivo human tibiofemoral cartilage during cyclic varus loading (0.5 Hz) and used compressed sensing on the k-space data. The applied compressive load was set for each participant at 0.5 times body weight on the medial condyle. Relaxometry methods were measured on the cartilage before (T1ρ , T2 ) and after (T1ρ ) varus load. RESULTS Displacement and strain maps showed a gradual shift of displacement and strain in time. Compressive strain was observed in the medial condyle cartilage and shear strain was roughly half of the compressive strain. Male participants had more displacement in the loading direction compared to females, and T1ρ values did not change after cyclic varus load. Compressed sensing reduced the scanning time up to 25% to 40% when comparing the displacement maps and substantially lowered the noise levels. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated the ease of which spiral DENSE MRI could be applied to clinical studies because of the shortened imaging time, while quantifying realistic cartilage deformations that occur through daily activities and that could serve as biomarkers of early osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woowon Lee
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Emily Y. Miller
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Hongtian Zhu
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Stephanie E. Schneider
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - David A. Reiter
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Corey P. Neu
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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3
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Tian Y, Lim Y, Zhao Z, Byrd D, Narayanan S, Nayak KS. Aliasing artifact reduction in spiral real-time MRI. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:916-925. [PMID: 33728700 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To mitigate a common artifact in spiral real-time MRI, caused by aliasing of signal outside the desired FOV. This artifact frequently occurs in midsagittal speech real-time MRI. METHODS Simulations were performed to determine the likely origin of the artifact. Two methods to mitigate the artifact are proposed. The first approach, denoted as "large FOV" (LF), keeps an FOV that is large enough to include the artifact signal source during reconstruction. The second approach, denoted as "estimation-subtraction" (ES), estimates the artifact signal source before subtracting a synthetic signal representing that source in multicoil k-space raw data. Twenty-five midsagittal speech-production real-time MRI data sets were used to evaluate both of the proposed methods. Reconstructions without and with corrections were evaluated by two expert readers using a 5-level Likert scale assessing artifact severity. Reconstruction time was also compared. RESULTS The origin of the artifact was found to be a combination of gradient nonlinearity and imperfect anti-aliasing in spiral sampling. The LF and ES methods were both able to substantially reduce the artifact, with an averaged qualitative score improvement of 1.25 and 1.35 Likert levels for LF correction and ES correction, respectively. Average reconstruction time without correction, with LF correction, and with ES correction were 160.69 ± 1.56, 526.43 ± 5.17, and 171.47 ± 1.71 ms/frame. CONCLUSION Both proposed methods were able to reduce the spiral aliasing artifacts, with the ES-reduction method being more effective and more time efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yongwan Lim
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dani Byrd
- Department of Linguistics, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shrikanth Narayanan
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Linguistics, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Krishna S Nayak
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Martin J, Ruthven M, Boubertakh R, Miquel ME. Realistic Dynamic Numerical Phantom for MRI of the Upper Vocal Tract. J Imaging 2020; 6:86. [PMID: 34460743 PMCID: PMC8320850 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging6090086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic and real-time MRI (rtMRI) of human speech is an active field of research, with interest from both the linguistics and clinical communities. At present, different research groups are investigating a range of rtMRI acquisition and reconstruction approaches to visualise the speech organs. Similar to other moving organs, it is difficult to create a physical phantom of the speech organs to optimise these approaches; therefore, the optimisation requires extensive scanner access and imaging of volunteers. As previously demonstrated in cardiac imaging, realistic numerical phantoms can be useful tools for optimising rtMRI approaches and reduce reliance on scanner access and imaging volunteers. However, currently, no such speech rtMRI phantom exists. In this work, a numerical phantom for optimising speech rtMRI approaches was developed and tested on different reconstruction schemes. The novel phantom comprised a dynamic image series and corresponding k-space data of a single mid-sagittal slice with a temporal resolution of 30 frames per second (fps). The phantom was developed based on images of a volunteer acquired at a frame rate of 10 fps. The creation of the numerical phantom involved the following steps: image acquisition, image enhancement, segmentation, mask optimisation, through-time and spatial interpolation and finally the derived k-space phantom. The phantom was used to: (1) test different k-space sampling schemes (Cartesian, radial and spiral); (2) create lower frame rate acquisitions by simulating segmented k-space acquisitions; (3) simulate parallel imaging reconstructions (SENSE and GRAPPA). This demonstrated how such a numerical phantom could be used to optimise images and test multiple sampling strategies without extensive scanner access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Martin
- MR Physics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas’s Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK;
| | - Matthieu Ruthven
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London EC1A 7BE, UK;
| | - Redha Boubertakh
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Singapore 138667, Singapore;
| | - Marc E. Miquel
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London EC1A 7BE, UK;
- Centre for Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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5
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Arendt CT, Eichler K, Mack MG, Leithner D, Zhang S, Block KT, Berdan Y, Sader R, Wichmann JL, Gruber-Rouh T, Vogl TJ, Hoelter MC. Comparison of contrast-enhanced videofluoroscopy to unenhanced dynamic MRI in minor patients following surgical correction of velopharyngeal dysfunction. Eur Radiol 2020; 31:76-84. [PMID: 32740819 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with videofluoroscopy (VFS) regarding image quality and assessment of gap size between soft palate (SP) and posterior pharyngeal wall (PPW) in children and adolescents following surgical correction of velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). METHODS Twenty-one patients undergoing unenhanced 3-T MRI and contrast-enhanced VFS were included in this IRB-approved prospective study. The MRI scan protocol comprised refocused gradient-echo sequences in transverse and sagittal planes during speech, with TE 1.97 ms, TR 3.95 ms, flip angle 8°, matrix size 128 × 128, and 5-mm slice thickness. Radial k-space sampling and sliding window reconstruction were used to achieve an image acquisition rate of 28 frames per second (fps). VFS with 30 fps was similarly performed in both planes. Closure of the velopharyngeal port during phonation was evaluated by two experienced radiologists. RESULTS Eleven (52.4%) patients displayed a complete closure, whereas ten (47.6%) patients showed a post-operative gap during speech. VFS and MRI equally identified the cases with persistent or recurrent VPD. Differences in SP-PPW distance between VFS (3.9 ± 1.6 mm) and MRI (4.1 ± 1.5 mm) were not statistically significant (p = 0.5). The subjective overall image quality of MRI was rated inferior (p < 0.001) compared with VFS, with almost perfect inter-rater agreement (κ = 0.90). The presence of susceptibility artifacts did not limit anatomical measurements. CONCLUSION Dynamic MRI is equally reliable as VFS to assess persistent or recurrent inadequate velum closure in patients following surgical treatment of VPD. KEY POINTS • Unenhanced 3-T dynamic MRI and contrast-enhanced videofluoroscopy are equally useful for the identification of patients with incomplete velopharyngeal closure during speech. • MRI using refocused gradient-echo acquisition with radial k-space sampling and sliding window reconstruction generates diagnostic images with 28 frames per second. • MRI can offer a radiation-free alternative to currently established videofluoroscopy for young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Arendt
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - K Eichler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M G Mack
- Radiology Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D Leithner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K T Block
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Y Berdan
- Department of Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R Sader
- Department of Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J L Wichmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - T Gruber-Rouh
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - T J Vogl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M C Hoelter
- Institute for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Automatic vocal tract landmark localization from midsagittal MRI data. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1468. [PMID: 32001739 PMCID: PMC6992757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The various speech sounds of a language are obtained by varying the shape and position of the articulators surrounding the vocal tract. Analyzing their variations is crucial for understanding speech production, diagnosing speech disorders and planning therapy. Identifying key anatomical landmarks of these structures on medical images is a pre-requisite for any quantitative analysis and the rising amount of data generated in the field calls for an automatic solution. The challenge lies in the high inter- and intra-speaker variability, the mutual interaction between the articulators and the moderate quality of the images. This study addresses this issue for the first time and tackles it by means of Deep Learning. It proposes a dedicated network architecture named Flat-net and its performance are evaluated and compared with eleven state-of-the-art methods from the literature. The dataset contains midsagittal anatomical Magnetic Resonance Images for 9 speakers sustaining 62 articulations with 21 annotated anatomical landmarks per image. Results show that the Flat-net approach outperforms the former methods, leading to an overall Root Mean Square Error of 3.6 pixels/0.36 cm obtained in a leave-one-out procedure over the speakers. The implementation codes are also shared publicly on GitHub.
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Ruthven M, Freitas AC, Boubertakh R, Miquel ME. Application of radial GRAPPA techniques to single- and multislice dynamic speech MRI using a 16-channel neurovascular coil. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:948-958. [PMID: 31016802 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate: (1) the feasibility of using through-time radial GeneRalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions (rGRAPPA) and hybrid radial GRAPPA (h-rGRAPPA) in single- and multislice dynamic speech MRI; (2) whether single-slice dynamic speech MRI at a rate of 15 frames per second (fps) or higher and with adequate image quality can be achieved using these radial GRAPPA techniques. METHODS Seven healthy adult volunteers were imaged at 3T using a 16-channel neurovascular coil and 2 spoiled gradient echo sequences (radial trajectory, field of view = 192 × 192 mm2 , acquired pixel size = 2.4 × 2.4 mm2 ). One sequence imaged a single slice at 16.8 fps, the other imaged 2 interleaved slices at 7.8 fps per slice. Image sets were reconstructed using rGRAPPA and h-rGRAPPA, and their image quality was compared using the root mean square error, structural similarity index, and visual assessments. RESULTS Image quality deteriorated when fewer than 170 calibration frames were used in the rGRAPPA reconstruction. rGRAPPA image sets demonstrated: (1) in 97% of cases, a similar image quality to h-rGRAPPA image sets reconstructed using a k-space segment size of 4, (2) in 98% of cases, a better image quality than h-rGRAPPA image sets reconstructed using a k-space segment size of 32. CONCLUSION This study confirmed: (1) the feasibility of using rGRAPPA and h-rGRAPPA in single- and multislice dynamic speech MRI, (2) that single-slice speech imaging at a frame rate higher than 15 fps and with adequate image quality can be achieved using these radial GRAPPA techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Ruthven
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreia C Freitas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom.,ISR-Lisboa/LARSyS and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Redha Boubertakh
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc E Miquel
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
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Ramanarayanan V, Tilsen S, Proctor M, Töger J, Goldstein L, Nayak KS, Narayanan S. Analysis of speech production real-time MRI. COMPUT SPEECH LANG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csl.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Lim Y, Lingala SG, Narayanan SS, Nayak KS. Dynamic off-resonance correction for spiral real-time MRI of speech. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:234-246. [PMID: 30058147 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve the depiction and tracking of vocal tract articulators in spiral real-time MRI (RT-MRI) of speech production by estimating and correcting for dynamic changes in off-resonance. METHODS The proposed method computes a dynamic field map from the phase of single-TE dynamic images after a coil phase compensation where complex coil sensitivity maps are estimated from the single-TE dynamic scan itself. This method is tested using simulations and in vivo data. The depiction of air-tissue boundaries is evaluated quantitatively using a sharpness metric and visual inspection. RESULTS Simulations demonstrate that the proposed method provides robust off-resonance correction for spiral readout durations up to 5 ms at 1.5T. In -vivo experiments during human speech production demonstrate that image sharpness is improved in a majority of data sets at air-tissue boundaries including the upper lip, hard palate, soft palate, and tongue boundaries, whereas the lower lip shows little improvement in the edge sharpness after correction. CONCLUSION Dynamic off-resonance correction is feasible from single-TE spiral RT-MRI data, and provides a practical performance improvement in articulator sharpness when applied to speech production imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwan Lim
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sajan Goud Lingala
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shrikanth S Narayanan
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Krishna S Nayak
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Freitas AC, Ruthven M, Boubertakh R, Miquel ME. Real-time speech MRI: Commercial Cartesian and non-Cartesian sequences at 3T and feasibility of offline TGV reconstruction to visualise velopharyngeal motion. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Töger J, Sorensen T, Somandepalli K, Toutios A, Lingala SG, Narayanan S, Nayak K. Test-retest repeatability of human speech biomarkers from static and real-time dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 141:3323. [PMID: 28599561 PMCID: PMC5436977 DOI: 10.1121/1.4983081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Static anatomical and real-time dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (RT-MRI) of the upper airway is a valuable method for studying speech production in research and clinical settings. The test-retest repeatability of quantitative imaging biomarkers is an important parameter, since it limits the effect sizes and intragroup differences that can be studied. Therefore, this study aims to present a framework for determining the test-retest repeatability of quantitative speech biomarkers from static MRI and RT-MRI, and apply the framework to healthy volunteers. Subjects (n = 8, 4 females, 4 males) are imaged in two scans on the same day, including static images and dynamic RT-MRI of speech tasks. The inter-study agreement is quantified using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and mean within-subject standard deviation (σe). Inter-study agreement is strong to very strong for static measures (ICC: min/median/max 0.71/0.89/0.98, σe: 0.90/2.20/6.72 mm), poor to strong for dynamic RT-MRI measures of articulator motion range (ICC: 0.26/0.75/0.90, σe: 1.6/2.5/3.6 mm), and poor to very strong for velocities (ICC: 0.21/0.56/0.93, σe: 2.2/4.4/16.7 cm/s). In conclusion, this study characterizes repeatability of static and dynamic MRI-derived speech biomarkers using state-of-the-art imaging. The introduced framework can be used to guide future development of speech biomarkers. Test-retest MRI data are provided free for research use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Töger
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3740 McClintock Avenue, EEB 400, Los Angeles, California 90089-2560, USA
| | - Tanner Sorensen
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3740 McClintock Avenue, EEB 400, Los Angeles, California 90089-2560, USA
| | - Krishna Somandepalli
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3740 McClintock Avenue, EEB 400, Los Angeles, California 90089-2560, USA
| | - Asterios Toutios
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3740 McClintock Avenue, EEB 400, Los Angeles, California 90089-2560, USA
| | - Sajan Goud Lingala
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3740 McClintock Avenue, EEB 400, Los Angeles, California 90089-2560, USA
| | - Shrikanth Narayanan
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3740 McClintock Avenue, EEB 400, Los Angeles, California 90089-2560, USA
| | - Krishna Nayak
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3740 McClintock Avenue, EEB 400, Los Angeles, California 90089-2560, USA
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Lingala SG, Zhu Y, Lim Y, Toutios A, Ji Y, Lo WC, Seiberlich N, Narayanan S, Nayak KS. Feasibility of through-time spiral generalized autocalibrating partial parallel acquisition for low latency accelerated real-time MRI of speech. Magn Reson Med 2017; 78:2275-2282. [PMID: 28185301 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of through-time spiral generalized autocalibrating partial parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) for low-latency accelerated real-time MRI of speech. METHODS Through-time spiral GRAPPA (spiral GRAPPA), a fast linear reconstruction method, is applied to spiral (k-t) data acquired from an eight-channel custom upper-airway coil. Fully sampled data were retrospectively down-sampled to evaluate spiral GRAPPA at undersampling factors R = 2 to 6. Pseudo-golden-angle spiral acquisitions were used for prospective studies. Three subjects were imaged while performing a range of speech tasks that involved rapid articulator movements, including fluent speech and beat-boxing. Spiral GRAPPA was compared with view sharing, and a parallel imaging and compressed sensing (PI-CS) method. RESULTS Spiral GRAPPA captured spatiotemporal dynamics of vocal tract articulators at undersampling factors ≤4. Spiral GRAPPA at 18 ms/frame and 2.4 mm2 /pixel outperformed view sharing in depicting rapidly moving articulators. Spiral GRAPPA and PI-CS provided equivalent temporal fidelity. Reconstruction latency per frame was 14 ms for view sharing and 116 ms for spiral GRAPPA, using a single processor. Spiral GRAPPA kept up with the MRI data rate of 18ms/frame with eight processors. PI-CS required 17 minutes to reconstruct 5 seconds of dynamic data. CONCLUSION Spiral GRAPPA enabled 4-fold accelerated real-time MRI of speech with a low reconstruction latency. This approach is applicable to wide range of speech RT-MRI experiments that benefit from real-time feedback while visualizing rapid articulator movement. Magn Reson Med 78:2275-2282, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajan Goud Lingala
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yinghua Zhu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yongwan Lim
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Asterios Toutios
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yunhua Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wei-Ching Lo
- Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole Seiberlich
- Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shrikanth Narayanan
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Krishna S Nayak
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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