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Mesozoic origin of coleoid cephalopods and their abrupt shifts of diversification patterns. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 166:107331. [PMID: 34687843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coleoids are the most diverse group of cephalopod mollusks. While their origin is date during the Mesozoic, the diversification pattern is unknown. However, two hypotheses have been proposed. The first suggests an increasing diversification rate after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event (K-Pg) as consequence of empty habitats left by the ammonites and belemnites. The second hypothesis proposes a mid-Cenozoic increase in diversification rate related to distributional changes during ice ages and biotic interactions. To test these hypotheses, we estimated a lineage through time (LTT) and the gamma-statistic along with model-based diversification rates. These analyses were conducted on a dated molecular phylogeny for coleoids that we reconstructed using five molecular markers (cytochrome b, 16S rRNA, cytochrome oxidase I, rhodopsin, and PAX-6). Our divergence time estimation suggests that coleoids originated in the Mesozoic Era (Middle Triassic) and that both main clades (Decapodiformes and Octopodiformes) diverged in the Cretaceous/Jurassic Period. The LTT, gamma statistic, and diversification rates inferred with the Bayesian Analysis of Macro-evolutionary Mixtures (BAMM), indicate an acceleration in diversification rate over time since the origin of coleoids. Additionally, BAMM allowed us to detect abrupt increases in diversification rate before and after the K-Pg boundary. Our results partially support both hypotheses as all analyses indicate that the coleoid diversification rate was increasing during the Cenozoic. However, our results also indicate increasing diversification rates before the K-Pg boundary. We propose that the radiation of coleoids has been shaped by an acceleration in diversification rate over time, including exceptional episodes of abrupt increases before and after the K-Pg boundary.
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Costa TAS, Sales JBL, Markaida U, Granados-Amores J, Gales SM, Sampaio I, Vallinoto M, Rodrigues-Filho LFS, Ready JS. Revisiting the phylogeny of the genus Lolliguncula Steenstrup 1881 improves understanding of their biogeography and proves the validity of Lolliguncula argus Brakoniecki & Roper, 1985. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 154:106968. [PMID: 33031931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The biogeography of American loliginid squids has been improved in recent years, but certain key taxa have been missing. Given that the most accurate phylogenies and estimates of divergence times of common ancestors depend heavily on good taxonomic coverage we have reanalyzed the genus Lolliguncula in light of new samples that increase the geographic and taxonomic coverage. New sequences were produced using standard methods to update an existing dataset for COI, 16S and Rhodopsin markers. Data was analyzed using various species delimitation methods, rigorous phylogenetic analyses and estimates of divergence times between clades. Within Lolliguncula we recover five monophyletic lineages that relate to the known species L. argus, L. diomedeae, L. panamensis, L. brevis North Atlantic and L. brevis South Atlantic. Except when using low divergence thresholds in ABGD, species delimitation methods only identify four of these lineages as distinct species, grouping L. argus and L. diomedeae as a single species. However, considering the reciprocal monophyly, recent divergence time estimate and morphological diagnoses we refrain from synonymizing L. argus within L. diomedeae, considering them very recently diverged species. The biogeography of the American loliginids is discussed, wherein basal cladogenesis in both Lolliguncula and Doryteuthis occur between the Atlantic and Pacific about 45 mya, with subsequent speciation around 20 mya associated with seafloor changes during the formation of the Caribbean. The recent speciation between L. argus and L. diomedeae is associated to oceanic environmental changes associated with glaciation, deep sea cooling and tropical upwelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarcisio A S Costa
- Federal University of Pará, Faculty for Biological Sciences, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, 68600-000 Bragança, PA, Brazil; Federal University of Pará, Aquatic Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Advanced Biodiversity Studies (CEABIO), Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, PCT-Guamá, Lot 11, 66075-750 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - João B L Sales
- Federal University of Pará, Aquatic Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Advanced Biodiversity Studies (CEABIO), Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, PCT-Guamá, Lot 11, 66075-750 Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Unai Markaida
- Línea de Pesquerías Artesanales, EL Colegio da la Frontera Sur, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Jasmin Granados-Amores
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit-Escuela Nacional de Ingeniería Pesquera, San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Suellen M Gales
- Federal University of Pará, Aquatic Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Advanced Biodiversity Studies (CEABIO), Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, PCT-Guamá, Lot 11, 66075-750 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Federal University of Pará, Faculty for Biological Sciences, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, 68600-000 Bragança, PA, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vallinoto
- Federal University of Pará, Faculty for Biological Sciences, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, 68600-000 Bragança, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Jonathan S Ready
- Federal University of Pará, Aquatic Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Advanced Biodiversity Studies (CEABIO), Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, PCT-Guamá, Lot 11, 66075-750 Belém, PA, Brazil
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Pardo-Gandarillas MC, Torres FI, Fuchs D, Ibáñez CM. Updated molecular phylogeny of the squid family Ommastrephidae: Insights into the evolution of spawning strategies. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 120:212-217. [PMID: 29248625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two types of spawning strategy have been described for ommastrephid squids: coastal and oceanic. It has been suggested that ancestral ommastrephids inhabited coastal waters and expanded their distribution into the open ocean during global changes in ocean circulation in the Oligocene. This hypothesis could explain the different reproductive strategies in oceanic squids, but has never been tested in a phylogenetic context. In the present study, we assess the coastal-to-open-ocean hypothesis through inferring the evolution of reproductive traits (spawning type) of ommastrephid squids using the phylogenetic comparative method to estimate ancestral states and divergence times. This analysis was performed using a robust molecular phylogeny with three mitochondrial genes (COI, CYTB and 16S) and two nuclear genes (RHO and 18S) for nearly all species of ommastrephid squid. Our results support dividing the Ommastrephidae into the three traditional subfamilies, plus the monotypic subfamily Todaropsinae as proposed previously. Divergence times were found to be older than those suggested. Our analyses strongly suggest that early ommastrephid squids spawned in coastal areas, with some species subsequently switching to spawn in oceanic areas, supporting previous non-tested hypotheses. We found evidence of gradual evolution change of spawning type in ommastrephid squids estimated to have occurred since the Cretaceous.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cecilia Pardo-Gandarillas
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe I Torres
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dirk Fuchs
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Christian M Ibáñez
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile.
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