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Pan T, Lee YM, Takimoto E, Ueda K, Liu PY, Shen HH. Inhibitory effects of naringenin on estrogen deficiency-induced obesity via regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and AMPK activation associated with white adipose tissue browning. Life Sci 2024; 340:122453. [PMID: 38272439 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Post-ovariectomy (OVX) changes in hormones induce obesity and white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation. Increased energy expenditure via WAT browning is a novel therapeutic strategy for treating obesity. Naringenin (NAR) reduces inflammation and lipogenesis in obesity and attenuates estrogen deficiency-associated metabolic disorders; however, its role in WAT browning remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated NAR ability to inhibit estrogen deficiency-associated obesity in vivo using a rat model and in vitro using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. KEY FINDINGS NAR significantly decreased the body weight and WAT mass of rats. O2 consumption, CO2 production, and energy expenditure were significantly lower in the OVX group than in the sham group, but NAR treatment reversed these effects of OVX. NAR treatment markedly improved glucose intolerance and lipid profiles as well as leptin, adiponectin, and irisin levels. NAR upregulated markers of browning and mitochondrial biogenesis in inguinal WAT. Moreover, it enhanced markers of mitochondrial fusion and inhibited fission via activating the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Similar results were observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, NAR-induced mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion were suppressed by dorsomorphin (an AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor). SIGNIFICANCE NAR alleviates obesity and metabolic dysfunction through the induction of WAT browning achieved via the modulation of AMP-activated protein kinase-regulated mitochondrial dynamics in WATs. NAR supplementation may therefore represent a potential intervention for preventing postmenopausal adipose tissue dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Pan
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Mei Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kazutaka Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pang-Yen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Hsueh Shen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jaquet M, Bengue M, Lambert K, Carnac G, Missé D, Bisbal C. Human muscle cells sensitivity to chikungunya virus infection relies on their glycolysis activity and differentiation stage. Biochimie 2024; 218:85-95. [PMID: 37716499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Changes to our environment have led to the emergence of human pathogens such as chikungunya virus. Chikungunya virus infection is today a major public health concern. It is a debilitating chronic disease impeding patients' mobility, affecting millions of people. Disease development relies on skeletal muscle infection. The importance of skeletal muscle in chikungunya virus infection led to the hypothesis that it could serve as a viral reservoir and could participate to virus persistence. Here we questioned the interconnection between skeletal muscle cells metabolism, their differentiation stage and the infectivity of the chikungunya virus. We infected human skeletal muscle stem cells at different stages of differentiation with chikungunya virus to study the impact of their metabolism on virus production and inversely the impact of virus on cell metabolism. We observed that chikungunya virus infectivity is cell differentiation and metabolism-dependent. Chikungunya virus interferes with the cellular metabolism in quiescent undifferentiated and proliferative muscle cells. Moreover, activation of chikungunya infected quiescent muscle stem cells, induces their proliferation, increases glycolysis and amplifies virus production. Therefore, our results showed that Chikungunya virus infectivity and the antiviral response of skeletal muscle cells relies on their energetic metabolism and their differentiation stage. Then, muscle stem cells could serve as viral reservoir producing virus after their activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jaquet
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France; MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - M Bengue
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - K Lambert
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - G Carnac
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - D Missé
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394, Montpellier, France.
| | - C Bisbal
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Huang Y, Cui D, Chen L, Tong H, Wu H, Muller GK, Qi Y, Wang S, Xu J, Gao X, Fifield KE, Wang L, Xia Z, Vanderluit JL, Liu S, Leng L, Sun G, McGuire J, Young LH, Bucala R, Qi D. A pref-1-controlled non-inflammatory mechanism of insulin resistance. iScience 2023; 26:106923. [PMID: 37283810 PMCID: PMC10239698 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While insulin resistance (IR) is associated with inflammation in white adipose tissue, we report a non-inflammatory adipose mechanism of high fat-induced IR mediated by loss of Pref-1. Pref-1, released from adipose Pref-1+ cells with characteristics of M2 macrophages, endothelial cells or progenitors, inhibits MIF release from both Pref-1+ cells and adipocytes by binding with integrin β1 and inhibiting the mobilization of p115. High palmitic acid induces PAR2 expression in Pref-1+ cells, downregulating Pref-1 expression and release in an AMPK-dependent manner. The loss of Pref-1 increases adipose MIF secretion contributing to non-inflammatory IR in obesity. Treatment with Pref-1 blunts the increase in circulating plasma MIF levels and subsequent IR induced by a high palmitic acid diet. Thus, high levels of fatty acids suppress Pref-1 expression and secretion, through increased activation of PAR2, resulting in an increase in MIF secretion and a non-inflammatory adipose mechanism of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Donghong Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liujun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Haibin Tong
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Grace K. Muller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yadan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjie Xu
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kathleen E. Fifield
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | | | - Jacqueline L. Vanderluit
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Suixin Liu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guang Sun
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - John McGuire
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence H. Young
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dake Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
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Tanriover C, Copur S, Gaipov A, Ozlusen B, Akcan RE, Kuwabara M, Hornum M, Van Raalte DH, Kanbay M. Metabolically healthy obesity: Misleading phrase or healthy phenotype? Eur J Intern Med 2023; 111:5-20. [PMID: 36890010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a heterogenous condition with multiple different phenotypes. Among these a particular subtype exists named as metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). MHO has multiple definitions and its prevalence varies according to study. The potential mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of MHO include the different types of adipose tissue and their distribution, the role of hormones, inflammation, diet, the intestinal microbiota and genetic factors. In contrast to the negative metabolic profile associated with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), MHO has relatively favorable metabolic characteristics. Nevertheless, MHO is still associated with many important chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease as well as certain types of cancer and has the risk of progression into the unhealthy phenotype. Therefore, it should not be considered as a benign condition. The major therapeutic alternatives include dietary modifications, exercise, bariatric surgery and certain medications including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and tirzepatide. In this review, we discuss the significance of MHO while comparing this phenotype with MUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Tanriover
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abduzhappar Gaipov
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan; Clinical Academic Department of Internal Medicine, CF "University Medical Center", Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Batu Ozlusen
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rustu E Akcan
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Mads Hornum
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel H Van Raalte
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Loaction VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey.
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Zyoud SH, Shakhshir M, Abushanab AS, Koni A, Shahwan M, Jairoun AA, Al-Jabi SW. Global research trends on the links between insulin resistance and obesity: a visualization analysis. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 7:18. [DOI: 10.1186/s41231-022-00124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundObesity increases the chance of developing insulin resistance. Numerous inflammatory markers have been linked to an increased risk of insulin resistance in obese individuals. Therefore, we performed a bibliometric analysis to determine global research activity and current trends in the field of obesity and insulin resistance.MethodsScopus was used between 2002 and 2021 to retrieve publications related to terms related to obesity and insulin resistance. Data were exported to Microsoft Excel. Additionally, we use VOSviewer software to create visualization maps that describe international collaborations and research hotspots.ResultsWe identified 6626 publications, including 5754 journal articles, 498 review articles, and 109 letters to the editor. The most productive countries were the United States (n = 995, 30.11%), followed by China (n = 650, 9.81%), Italy (n = 412, 6.22%) and Spain (n = 386, 5.83%). Previously to 2012, this field was mainly focused on ‘adipocyte dysfunctions that link obesity with insulin resistance”; and ‘relationship between obesity, insulin resistance, and risk of cardiovascular disease’. ‘Supplements improve insulin sensitivity‘, and ‘obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance’ were found more recently (after 2014), indicating that research in this field has acquired significant interest and emphasis in recent years.ConclusionsThis is the first bibliometric study to focus on publications related to insulin resistance and obesity at the global level. Our reporting of quantifiable knowledge in this field may be useful in providing evidence and direction for future research, clinical practice, and educational initiatives.
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Capozzi A, Saucier C, Bisbal C, Lambert K. Grape Polyphenols in the Treatment of Human Skeletal Muscle Damage Due to Inflammation and Oxidative Stress during Obesity and Aging: Early Outcomes and Promises. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196594. [PMID: 36235130 PMCID: PMC9573747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Today, inactivity and high-calorie diets contribute to the development of obesity and premature aging. In addition, the population of elderly people is growing due to improvements in healthcare management. Obesity and aging are together key risk factors for non-communicable diseases associated with several co-morbidities and increased mortality, with a major impact on skeletal muscle defect and/or poor muscle mass quality. Skeletal muscles contribute to multiple body functions and play a vital role throughout the day, in all our activities. In our society, limiting skeletal muscle deterioration, frailty and dependence is not only a major public health challenge but also a major socio-economic issue. Specific diet supplementation with natural chemical compounds such as grape polyphenols had shown to play a relevant and direct role in regulating metabolic and molecular pathways involved in the prevention and treatment of obesity and aging and their related muscle comorbidities in cell culture and animal studies. However, clinical studies aiming to restore skeletal muscle mass and function with nutritional grape polyphenols supplementation are still very scarce. There is an urgent need for clinical studies to validate the very encouraging results observed in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Capozzi
- PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34295 Montpellier, France
- SPO, INRAE, Institute Agro, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Saucier
- SPO, INRAE, Institute Agro, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Bisbal
- PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (K.L.); Tel.: +33-(0)4-1175-9891 (C.B. & K.L.)
| | - Karen Lambert
- PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (K.L.); Tel.: +33-(0)4-1175-9891 (C.B. & K.L.)
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7
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Pathogenesis, Murine Models, and Clinical Implications of Metabolically Healthy Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179614. [PMID: 36077011 PMCID: PMC9455655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although obesity is commonly associated with numerous cardiometabolic pathologies, some people with obesity are resistant to detrimental effects of excess body fat, which constitutes a condition called “metabolically healthy obesity” (MHO). Metabolic features of MHO that distinguish it from metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) include differences in the fat distribution, adipokine types, and levels of chronic inflammation. Murine models are available that mimic the phenotype of human MHO, with increased adiposity but preserved insulin sensitivity. Clinically, there is no established definition of MHO yet. Despite the lack of a uniform definition, most studies describe MHO as a particular case of obesity with no or only one metabolic syndrome components and lower levels of insulin resistance or inflammatory markers. Another clinical viewpoint is the dynamic and changing nature of MHO, which substantially impacts the clinical outcome. In this review, we explore the pathophysiology and some murine models of MHO. The definition, variability, and clinical implications of the MHO phenotype are also discussed. Understanding the characteristics that differentiate people with MHO from those with MUO can lead to new insights into the mechanisms behind obesity-related metabolic derangements and diseases.
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In Vitro Model of Human Skeletal Muscle Tissue for the Study of Resident Macrophages and Stem Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060936. [PMID: 35741457 PMCID: PMC9219866 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The skeletal muscle of younger adults has a remarkable regenerative capacity, which substantially declines with age. Despite many interspecies differences, animals have been used to study new treatments to promote muscle regeneration in humans. This study reports a novel human experimental model using human skeletal muscle tissue of older adults that was extracted during surgical procedures. We describe an optimal procedure for maintaining human skeletal muscle tissue under experimental conditions for 11 days. This experimental model allows the investigation of resident macrophages and stem cells, which mediate muscle regeneration. Abstract Findings from studies of muscle regeneration can significantly contribute to the treatment of age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, which may predispose older adults to severe morbidities. We established a human experimental model using excised skeletal muscle tissues from reconstructive surgeries in eight older adults. Muscle samples from each participant were preserved immediately or maintained in agarose medium for the following 5, 9, or 11 days. Immunofluorescence analyses of the structural proteins, actin and desmin, confirmed the integrity of muscle fibers over 11 days of maintenance. Similarly, the numbers of CD80-positive M1 and CD163-positive M2 macrophages were stable over 11 days in vitro. However, the numbers of PAX7-positive satellite cells and MYOD-positive myoblasts changed in opposite ways, suggesting that satellite cells partially differentiated in vitro. Further experiments revealed that stimulation with unsaturated fatty acid C18[2]c (linoleic acid) increased resident M1 macrophages and satellite cells specifically. Thus, the use of human skeletal muscle tissue in vitro provides a direct experimental approach to study the regulation of muscle tissue regeneration by macrophages and stem cells and their responses to therapeutic compounds.
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Lemieux P, Birot O. Altitude, Exercise, and Skeletal Muscle Angio-Adaptive Responses to Hypoxia: A Complex Story. Front Physiol 2021; 12:735557. [PMID: 34552509 PMCID: PMC8450406 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.735557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, defined as a reduced oxygen availability, can be observed in many tissues in response to various physiological and pathological conditions. As a hallmark of the altitude environment, ambient hypoxia results from a drop in the oxygen pressure in the atmosphere with elevation. A hypoxic stress can also occur at the cellular level when the oxygen supply through the local microcirculation cannot match the cells’ metabolic needs. This has been suggested in contracting skeletal myofibers during physical exercise. Regardless of its origin, ambient or exercise-induced, muscle hypoxia triggers complex angio-adaptive responses in the skeletal muscle tissue. These can result in the expression of a plethora of angio-adaptive molecules, ultimately leading to the growth, stabilization, or regression of muscle capillaries. This remarkable plasticity of the capillary network is referred to as angio-adaptation. It can alter the capillary-to-myofiber interface, which represent an important determinant of skeletal muscle function. These angio-adaptive molecules can also be released in the circulation as myokines to act on distant tissues. This review addresses the respective and combined potency of ambient hypoxia and exercise to generate a cellular hypoxic stress in skeletal muscle. The major skeletal muscle angio-adaptive responses to hypoxia so far described in this context will be discussed, including existing controversies in the field. Finally, this review will highlight the molecular complexity of the skeletal muscle angio-adaptive response to hypoxia and identify current gaps of knowledges in this field of exercise and environmental physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lemieux
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olivier Birot
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Fuchs A, Samovski D, Smith GI, Cifarelli V, Farabi SS, Yoshino J, Pietka T, Chang SW, Ghosh S, Myckatyn TM, Klein S. Associations Among Adipose Tissue Immunology, Inflammation, Exosomes and Insulin Sensitivity in People With Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:968-981.e12. [PMID: 34004161 PMCID: PMC8900214 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Insulin resistance is a key factor in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We evaluated the importance of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) inflammation and both plasma and SAAT-derived exosomes in regulating insulin sensitivity in people with obesity and NAFLD. METHODS Adipose tissue inflammation (macrophage and T-cell content and expression of proinflammatory cytokines), liver and whole-body insulin sensitivity (assessed using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and glucose tracer infusion), and 24-hour serial plasma cytokine concentrations were evaluated in 3 groups stratified by adiposity and intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content: (1) lean with normal IHTG content (LEAN; N = 14); (2) obese with normal IHTG content (OB-NL; N = 28); and (3) obese with NAFLD (OB-NAFLD; N = 28). The effect of plasma and SAAT-derived exosomes on insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle myotubes and mouse primary hepatocytes was assessed in a subset of participants. RESULTS Proinflammatory macrophages, proinflammatory CD4 and CD8 T-cell populations, and gene expression of several cytokines in SAAT were greater in the OB-NAFLD than the OB-NL and LEAN groups. However, with the exception of PAI-1, which was greater in the OB-NAFLD than the LEAN and OB-NL groups, 24-hour plasma cytokine concentration areas-under-the-curve were not different between groups. The percentage of proinflammatory macrophages and plasma PAI-1 concentration areas-under-the-curve were inversely correlated with both hepatic and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Compared with exosomes from OB-NL participants, plasma and SAAT-derived exosomes from the OB-NAFLD group decreased insulin signaling in myotubes and hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Systemic insulin resistance in people with obesity and NAFLD is associated with increased plasma PAI-1 concentrations and both plasma and SAAT-derived exosomes. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT02706262 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02706262).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Fuchs
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Dmitri Samovski
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Gordon I. Smith
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Vincenza Cifarelli
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah S. Farabi
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Terri Pietka
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shin-Wen Chang
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarbani Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Terence M. Myckatyn
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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Ogon I, Iba K, Takashima H, Yoshimoto M, Morita T, Oshigiri T, Terashima Y, Emori M, Teramoto A, Takebayashi T, Yamashita T. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Analysis of Multifidus Muscle Lipid Contents and Association with Nociceptive Pain in Chronic Low Back Pain. Asian Spine J 2020; 15:441-446. [PMID: 33108847 PMCID: PMC8377217 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2020.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Design Cross-sectional study. Purpose This study aimed to analyze the differences in the lipid contents in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients with nociceptive pain (NocP) and neuropathic pain (NeP) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the multifidus muscle (Mm). Overview of Literature Early identification of the pain characteristics with CLBP is important because specific treatment approaches are required, depending on NocP and NeP. Methods The participants were 50 patients with CLBP (23 men and 27 women; mean age, 63.1±17.8 years; range, 41–79 years). We compared the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, intramyocellular lipids (IMCLs) and extramyocellular lipids (EMCLs) of the Mm in NocP and NeP groups, as evaluated with the Japanese NeP screening questionnaire. Results The patients were categorized into the NocP (n=32) and NeP (n=18) groups. The mean VAS score of the NocP group was 59.3±3.1 mm and that of the NeP group was 73.6±4.6 mm. The mean VAS score was significantly higher in the NeP group as compared to that in the NocP group (p<0.01). As per the analysis of covariance for the VAS score, the mean IMCL levels of the Mm in the NocP and NeP groups were 722.3 mmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI], 611.4–833.1) and 484.8 mmol/L (95% CI, 381.1–588.5), respectively. The mean IMCL level was significantly higher in the NocP group than in the NeP group (p<0.05). The mean EMCL levels of the Mm for the NocP and NeP groups were 6,022.9 mmol/L (95% CI, 4,510.6–7,535.2) and 5,558.1 mmol/L (95% CI, 4,298.3–6,817.9), respectively; however, the difference was not significant (p=0.72). Conclusions The results indicated an association between the IMCL level of the Mm and NocP. Our results suggest that MRS of the Mm might be beneficial for the assessment of CLBP as well as appropriate targeted analgesic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaya Ogon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kouske Iba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yoshimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Morita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Oshigiri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Terashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Emori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Teramoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Takebayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Maruyama Orthopaedic Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamashita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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12
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Smith GI, Mittendorfer B, Klein S. Metabolically healthy obesity: facts and fantasies. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:3978-3989. [PMID: 31524630 DOI: 10.1172/jci129186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although obesity is typically associated with metabolic dysfunction and cardiometabolic diseases, some people with obesity are protected from many of the adverse metabolic effects of excess body fat and are considered "metabolically healthy." However, there is no universally accepted definition of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). Most studies define MHO as having either 0, 1, or 2 metabolic syndrome components, whereas many others define MHO using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Therefore, numerous people reported as having MHO are not metabolically healthy, but simply have fewer metabolic abnormalities than those with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Nonetheless, a small subset of people with obesity have a normal HOMA-IR and no metabolic syndrome components. The mechanism(s) responsible for the divergent effects of obesity on metabolic health is not clear, but studies conducted in rodent models suggest that differences in adipose tissue biology in response to weight gain can cause or prevent systemic metabolic dysfunction. In this article, we review the definition, stability over time, and clinical outcomes of MHO, and discuss the potential factors that could explain differences in metabolic health in people with MHO and MUO - specifically, modifiable lifestyle factors and adipose tissue biology. Better understanding of the factors that distinguish people with MHO and MUO can produce new insights into mechanism(s) responsible for obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and disease.
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Orliaguet L, Dalmas E, Drareni K, Venteclef N, Alzaid F. Mechanisms of Macrophage Polarization in Insulin Signaling and Sensitivity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:62. [PMID: 32140136 PMCID: PMC7042402 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease of two etiologies: metabolic and inflammatory. At the cross-section of these etiologies lays the phenomenon of metabolic inflammation. Whilst metabolic inflammation is characterized as systemic, a common starting point is the tissue-resident macrophage, who's successful physiological or aberrant pathological adaptation to its microenvironment determines disease course and severity. This review will highlight the key mechanisms in macrophage polarization, inflammatory and non-inflammatory signaling that dictates the development and progression of insulin resistance and T2D. We first describe the known homeostatic functions of tissue macrophages in insulin secreting and major insulin sensitive tissues. Importantly we highlight the known mechanisms of aberrant macrophage activation in these tissues and the ways in which this leads to impairment of insulin sensitivity/secretion and the development of T2D. We next describe the cellular mechanisms that are known to dictate macrophage polarization. We review recent progress in macrophage bio-energetics, an emerging field of research that places cellular metabolism at the center of immune-effector function. Importantly, following the advent of the metabolically-activated macrophage, we cover the known transcriptional and epigenetic factors that canonically and non-canonically dictate macrophage differentiation and inflammatory polarization. In closing perspectives, we discuss emerging research themes and highlight novel non-inflammatory or non-immune roles that tissue macrophages have in maintaining microenvironmental and systemic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Orliaguet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Elise Dalmas
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Karima Drareni
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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14
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Ryan AJ, Ciaraldi TP, Henry RR. Myokine Regulation of Insulin Secretion: Impact of Inflammation and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1608. [PMID: 32038288 PMCID: PMC6987462 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SkM) secretes protein factors (myokines) that can exert multiple actions. To study the control of myokine regulation of β-cell function, SkM biopsies were taken from non-diabetic (ND) and Type 2 diabetic (T2D) subjects and satellite cells cultured to myotubes (MT). MT were also treated with lipopolysaccharide (infectious inflammation – II) or a combination of glucose (10 mM), insulin (120 pM), and palmitate (0.4 mM) (metabolic inflammation – MI) to model the inflammatory and metabolic conditions seen in vivo with T2D. Conditioned media (CM) was collected from MT after 24 h and used to treat INS-1 cells for 24 h. Cell viability, total insulin content, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and maximal (IBMX-stimulated) IS (ISmax) were monitored. Under baseline conditions, CM from ND and T2D MT had no effects on INS-1 cell viability, insulin content, GSIS, or ISmax. After exposure to II, CM from ND-MT augmented GSIS in INS-1 cells by 100 ± 25% over control (p < 0.05); T2D-CM had no effect. After exposure to MI, T2D-CM suppressed GSIS by 35 ± 5% (p < 0.05); ND-CM was without effect. Under either of these conditions cell viability, total insulin content and ISmax were unaffected. Effects of CM on GSIS were lost after CM was boiled. Both augmentation of GSIS by ND-CM from II-treated MT, and suppression by T2D-CM from MI-treated MT, were inhibited by wortmannin, Ro 31-8220, and SB203580. In summary: (1) ND-MT are able to augment GSIS when stressed, (2) T2D-MT responding to a diabetic-like environment secrete myokines that suppress GSIS, (3) Unknown protein factors exert effects specifically on GSIS, possibly through PI-3K, PKC, and/or p38 MAPK. In T2D, both insulin resistance and a suppression of adaptive increased insulin secretion are intrinsic properties of SkM that can contribute to the full T2D phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Ryan
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, LA Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Theodore P Ciaraldi
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, LA Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Robert R Henry
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, LA Jolla, CA, United States
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15
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Ogon I, Takebayashi T, Takashima H, Morita T, Yoshimoto M, Terashima Y, Yamashita T. Quantitative Analysis Concerning Atrophy and Fat Infiltration of the Multifidus Muscle with Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Chronic Low Back Pain. Spine Surg Relat Res 2019; 3:163-170. [PMID: 31435570 PMCID: PMC6690088 DOI: 10.22603/ssrr.2018-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) enables detailed analysis of the composition of muscular fat tissues such as intramyocellular lipids (IMCLs) and extramyocellular lipids (EMCLs). The aim of this study was to analyze the EMCL and IMCL of the multifidus muscle (Mm) using MRS in chronic low-back pain (CLBP) patients and identify their possible correlations with age, body mass index (BMI), low-back pain (LBP) visual analog scale (VAS) score, cross-sectional area (CSA), and fat infiltration of the Mm. METHODS Eighty patients (32 men and 48 women; mean age, 64.7 ± 1.3 years; range, 22-83 years) with VAS scores >30 mm for CLBP were included. We analyzed the gender difference and the possible correlations of age, BMI, LBP VAS, CSA, and fat infiltration of the Mm with the IMCL and EMCL of the Mm. The subjects were divided into five groups as per their age range: < 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, and 80s. We also analyzed the EMCL and IMCL of the Mm as per the fat infiltration classification. RESULTS CSA was larger in the male group, EMCL was higher in the female group, and there was no significant difference in IMCL between the female and male groups. There was a significant positive correlation of EMCL with age (r = 0.33, p < 0.01) and BMI (r = 0.42, p < 0.01) and a significant negative correlation of EMCL with CSA (r = -0.61, p < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between IMCL and VAS (r = 0.43, p < 0.01). The EMCL and CSA of the Mm decreased with age, whereas fat infiltration increased with age. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that EMCL could indicate Mm degeneration associated with aging, and IMCL could be an effective objective indicator of CLBP. The EMCL and IMCL of the Mm may be useful prognostic markers in rehabilitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaya Ogon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Takebayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Maruyama Orthopaedic Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Morita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yoshimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Terashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamashita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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16
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Breuker C, Amouzou C, Fabre O, Lambert K, Seyer P, Bourret A, Salehzada T, Mercier J, Sultan A, Bisbal C. Decreased RNF41 expression leads to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of obese women. Metabolism 2018; 83:81-91. [PMID: 29410345 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation contributes to obesity-associated insulin resistance in skeletal muscles (SM). TLR4 signaling involves two pathways: the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) leading to inflammatory cytokines production and the toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon (IFN) I (TRIF)-dependent pathways leading to type 1 interferon (IFNI) and interferon stimulated genes (ISG) expression. The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF41 allows the preferential activation of the TRIF-IFNI pathway; however, its role in insulin response has not been reported. METHODS We measured RNF41 level and IFNI pathway activation (ISG expression) in SM biopsies of obese insulin sensitive (OIS) and obese insulin resistant (OIR) women. Then we isolated and differentiated in myotubes, primary human SM cell progenitors from OIS and OIR SM biopsies. We modulated RNF41 and ISG expression in these myotubes and investigated their effects on insulin response. RESULTS RNF41 expression is down-regulated in vivo in OIR SM and myotubes compared to OIS SM and myotubes. TLR4 activation with palmitate induces TRIF-IFNI pathway and ISG in OIS myotubes but not in OIR myotubes. Inhibition of RNF41 expression with siRNF41 in OIS myotubes treated with palmitate attenuates insulin response, IFNI pathway activation and ISG induction, mimicking OIR phenotype. Further, overexpression of RNF41 in OIR myotubes increases insulin response and ISG expression. Exposure to IFNI or to its inducer polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, restores ISG expression and insulin sensitivity in OIR myotubes and OIS myotubes transfected with siRNF41. CONCLUSION Our results identify RNF41 as essential to IFNI pathway activation in order to maintain muscle insulin sensitivity during human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Breuker
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Cacylde Amouzou
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Odile Fabre
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Karen Lambert
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Pascal Seyer
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Annick Bourret
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Tamim Salehzada
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Jacques Mercier
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Ariane Sultan
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Bisbal
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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17
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No Additive Effects of Polyphenol Supplementation and Exercise Training on White Adiposity Determinants of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Insulin-Resistant Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7406946. [PMID: 29849911 PMCID: PMC5924968 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7406946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the major insulin resistance instigators is excessive adiposity and visceral fat depots. Individually, exercise training and polyphenol intake are known to exert health benefits as improving insulin sensitivity. However, their combined curative effects on established obesity and insulin resistance need further investigation particularly on white adipose tissue alterations. Therefore, we compared the effects on different white adipose tissue depot alterations of a combination of exercise and grape polyphenol supplementation in obese insulin-resistant rats fed a high-fat diet to the effects of a high-fat diet alone or a nutritional supplementation of grape polyphenols (50 mg/kg/day) or exercise training (1 hr/day to 5 days/wk consisting of treadmill running at 32 m/min for a 10% slope), for a total duration of 8 weeks. Separately, polyphenol supplementation and exercise decreased the quantity of all adipose tissue depots and mesenteric inflammation. Exercise reduced adipocytes' size in all fat stores. Interestingly, combining exercise to polyphenol intake presents no more cumulative benefit on adipose tissue alterations than exercise alone. Insulin sensitivity was improved at systemic, epididymal, and inguinal adipose tissues levels in trained rats thus indicating that despite their effects on adipocyte morphological/metabolic changes, polyphenols at nutritional doses remain less effective than exercise in fighting insulin resistance.
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18
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Kokosar M, Benrick A, Perfilyev A, Nilsson E, Källman T, Ohlsson C, Ling C, Stener-Victorin E. A Single Bout of Electroacupuncture Remodels Epigenetic and Transcriptional Changes in Adipose Tissue in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1878. [PMID: 29382850 PMCID: PMC5790004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A single bout of electroacupuncture results in muscle contractions and increased whole body glucose uptake in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women with PCOS have transcriptional and epigenetic alterations in the adipose tissue and we hypothesized that electroacupuncture induces epigenetic and transcriptional changes to restore metabolic alterations. Twenty-one women with PCOS received a single bout of electroacupuncture, which increased the whole body glucose uptake. In subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies, we identified treatment-induced expression changes of 2369 genes (Q < 0.05) and DNA methylation changes of 7055 individual genes (Q = 0.11). The largest increase in expression was observed for FOSB (2405%), and the largest decrease for LOC100128899 (54%). The most enriched pathways included Acute phase response signaling and LXR/RXR activation. The DNA methylation changes ranged from 1-16%, and 407 methylation sites correlated with gene expression. Among genes known to be differentially expressed in PCOS, electroacupuncture reversed the expression of 80 genes, including PPARγ and ADIPOR2. Changes in the expression of Nr4a2 and Junb are reversed by adrenergic blockers in rats demonstrating that changes in gene expression, in part, is due to activation of the sympathetic nervous system. In conclusion, low-frequency electroacupuncture with muscle contractions remodels epigenetic and transcriptional changes that elicit metabolic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milana Kokosar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Benrick
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Alexander Perfilyev
- Epigenetics and Diabetes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Epigenetics and Diabetes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thomas Källman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, NBIS - National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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19
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Takashima H, Takebayashi T, Ogon I, Yoshimoto M, Morita T, Imamura R, Nakanishi M, Nagahama H, Terashima Y, Yamashita T. Analysis of intra and extramyocellular lipids in the multifidus muscle in patients with chronic low back pain using MR spectroscopy. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20170536. [PMID: 29227152 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the intra- (IMCL) and extramyocellular lipids (EMCL) concentration in the multifidus muscle (Mm) using MR spectroscopy (MRS) in patients with low back pain (LBP), and to evaluate the correlation between those lipid concentrations and age, obesity, atrophy of the Mm and LBP intensity. METHODS 60 LBP patients underwent routine diagnostic MRI of the lumbar spine before undergoing imaging for the study. Body mass index, as an indicator of obesity and visual analogue scale, as an indicator of LBP were also measured. Proton MRS was acquired with a single-voxel point-resolved spectroscopy sequence. Furthermore, the MRS volume of interest for measuring the IMCL and EMCL concentration at L4/5 for the right Mm was determined, and we measured the cross-sectional area of Mm as an indicator of muscle atrophy. RESULTS Age showed correlation with EMCL concentration (r = 0.314, p = 0.008). The body mass index showed correlation with EMCL concentration (r = 0.358, p = 0.005). The cross-sectional area of Mm showed correlation with EMCL concentration (r = -0.543, p < 0.001). Moreover, the LBP visual analogue scale showed correlation with IMCL concentration (r = 0.367, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION There were correlations between age, obesity, muscle atrophy, and EMCL concentration in Mm. IMCL concentration in Mm showed a correlation with LBP intensity. This may suggest that IMCL concentration could become an effective objective indicator of chronic LBP intensity. Advances in knowledge: We investigated the characteristics of fat content in Mm with LBP patients. This study was demonstrated the association of the IMCL and EMCL concentration in Mm with various patient parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takashima
- 1 Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan.,2 Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital , Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Tsuneo Takebayashi
- 3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Maruyama Orthopaedic Hospital , Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Izaya Ogon
- 1 Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yoshimoto
- 1 Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Tomonori Morita
- 1 Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Rui Imamura
- 2 Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital , Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakanishi
- 2 Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital , Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagahama
- 2 Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital , Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Yoshinori Terashima
- 1 Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamashita
- 1 Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan
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20
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Sultan A. [Insulinoresistancy in Man: from mechanisms to nutritional interference]. Biol Aujourdhui 2017; 211:189-196. [PMID: 29236670 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2017026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is presently regarded as the "the first non-infectious epidemic outbreak" in the history of Humanity. It is a multifactorial pathology, that contributes to the emergence of insulinoresistancy. Some obese individuals display an obesity qualified as metabolically sound, i.e., non-associated with metabolical anomalies. The present paper reviews the different possible mechanisms responsible for insulin-resistancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Sultan
- Équipe Nutrition-Diabète, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France - PHYMEDEXP INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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21
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Liu D, Morales FE, IglayReger HB, Treutelaar MK, Rothberg AE, Hubal MJ, Nadler EP, Robidoux J, Barakat H, Horowitz JF, Hoffman EP, Burant CF, Gordon PM. Expression of macrophage genes within skeletal muscle correlates inversely with adiposity and insulin resistance in humans. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 43:187-193. [PMID: 29035695 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Local inflammation in obese adipose tissue has been shown to contribute to insulin resistance; however, the role of macrophage infiltration within skeletal muscle is still debatable. This study aimed to evaluate the association of skeletal muscle macrophage gene expression with adiposity levels and insulin sensitivity in obese patients. Twenty-two nondiabetic obese patients and 23 healthy lean controls were included. Obese patients underwent a 3-month weight loss intervention. Macrophage gene expression in skeletal muscle (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and insulin sensitivity (homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) and oral glucose tolerance test) were compared between groups and their associations were analyzed. To validate skeletal muscle findings, we repeated the analyses with macrophage gene expression in adipose tissue. Expression levels of macrophage genes (CD68, CD11b, CD206, CD16, CD40, and CD163) were lower in skeletal muscle tissue of obese versus lean participants. Macrophage gene expression was also found to be inversely associated with adiposity, fasting insulin, and HOMA (r = -0.4 ∼ -0.6, p < 0.05), as well as positively associated with insulin sensitivity (r = 0.4 ∼ 0.8, p < 0.05). On the other hand, adipose tissue macrophage gene expression showed higher levels in obese versus lean participants, presenting a positive association with adiposity levels. Macrophage gene expression, in both skeletal and adipose tissue samples, was only minimally affected by the weight loss intervention. In contrast with the established positive relationship between adiposity and macrophage gene expression, an unexpected inverse correlation between these 2 variables was observed in skeletal muscle tissue. Additionally, muscle macrophage gene expression was inversely correlated with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Liu
- a Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.,b School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sports, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Flor Elisa Morales
- c Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Heidi B IglayReger
- a Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.,d Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Mary K Treutelaar
- d Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Amy E Rothberg
- d Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Monica J Hubal
- e Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Evan P Nadler
- e Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Jacques Robidoux
- f Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Hisham Barakat
- f Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Jeffrey F Horowitz
- g School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- e Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Charles F Burant
- d Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Paul M Gordon
- a Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.,c Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
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22
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The Contribution of Singlet Oxygen to Insulin Resistance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8765972. [PMID: 29081894 PMCID: PMC5610878 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8765972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance contributes to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular dysfunctions. Recent studies showed that elevated singlet oxygen-mediated lipid peroxidation precedes and predicts diet-induced insulin resistance (IR), and neutrophils were suggested to be responsible for such singlet oxygen production. This review highlights literature suggesting that insulin-responsive cells such as endothelial cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes also produce singlet oxygen, which contributes to insulin resistance, for example, by generating bioactive aldehydes, inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and modifying mitochondrial DNA. In these cells, nutrient overload leads to the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 and other receptors, leading to the production of both peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide, which react to produce singlet oxygen. Cytochrome P450 2E1 and cytochrome c also contribute to singlet oxygen formation in the ER and mitochondria, respectively. Endothelial cell-derived singlet oxygen is suggested to mediate the formation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein which perpetuates IR, partly through neutrophil recruitment to adipose tissue. New singlet oxygen-involving pathways for the formation of IR-inducing bioactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroperoxy-(or hydroxy or oxo)-2-nonenal, malondialdehyde, and cholesterol secosterol A are proposed. Strategies against IR should target the singlet oxygen-producing pathways, singlet oxygen quenching, and singlet oxygen-induced cellular responses.
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23
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Mannerkorpi K, Landin-Wilhelmsen K, Larsson A, Cider Å, Arodell O, Bjersing JL. Acute effects of physical exercise on the serum insulin-like growth factor system in women with fibromyalgia. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:37. [PMID: 28122522 PMCID: PMC5264319 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (S-IGF-1) has been noted after physical activity in healthy subjects, while the acute release of S-IGF-1 in relation to exercise has not previously been studied in women with fibromyalgia (FM). S-IGF-1 and its binding protein (S-IGFBP-3) are mediated by growth hormone and have anabolic effects on the skeletal muscle. Aim of the study was to investigate acute release of IGF-1 after aerobic exercise in women with FM. METHODS The acute effect of physical exercise on S-IGF-1 and S-IGFBP-3 were studied in 22 women with FM and in 27 healthy controls during moderate and high-intensity cycling (i.e. ratings 12-13 and 15-17, on Borg's perceived exertion scale (RPE), respectively). Self-reported pain and fatigue were recorded. Differences within and between the two groups were analyzed. RESULTS After 15 min of bicycling, S-IGF-1 and S-IGFBP-3 increased both within the group with FM and in the healthy controls (p < 0.01). The increases in S-IGF-1 did not significantly differ between the women with FM and the healthy control group (mean increase 11 ± 10 vs. 11 ± 15 ng/ml and 13 ± 10 vs. 19 ± 22 ng/ml) when bicycling at moderate or high intensity, respectively. Self-reported pain and fatigue during exercise, irrespective of intensity, were higher in women with FM compared with healthy controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Fifteen minutes bicycling at moderate intensity was sufficient to acutely mobilise S-IGF-1 in women with FM similarly to healthy controls in spite of higher score of fatigue and pain in women with FM. Hence, patients with FM were able to activate their skeletal muscle metabolism during a short, moderate bout of exercise and were not resistant to training effects. The result is important for encouraging clinical rehabilitation of patients with FM who commonly exercise at a moderate, rather than at a high-intensity level. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.govNCT01592916 , May 4, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Mannerkorpi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Health and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Physiotherapy and Occupational therapy, Göteborg, Sweden. .,Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10, Box 480, 40530, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Kerstin Landin-Wilhelmsen
- Section of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institution of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anette Larsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Health and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Cider
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Health and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olivia Arodell
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10, Box 480, 40530, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jan L Bjersing
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10, Box 480, 40530, Göteborg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Rheumatology, Göteborg, Sweden
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Morgan A, Mooney K, Mc Auley M. Obesity and the dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism: implications for healthy aging. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2016; 11:501-510. [PMID: 30058918 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2016.1245141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The population of the world is aging. In 2010, an estimated 524 million people were aged 65 years or older representing eight percent of the global population. By 2050, this number is expected to nearly triple to approximately 1.5 billion, 16 percent of the world's population. Although people are living longer, the quality of their lives are often compromised due to ill-health. Areas covered: Of the conditions which compromise health as we age, obesity is at the forefront. Over half of the global older population were overweight or obese in 2010, significantly increasing the risk of a range of metabolic diseases. Although, it is well recognised excessive calorie intake is a fundamental driver of adipose tissue dysfunction, the relationship between obesity; intrinsic aging; and fat metabolism is less understood. In this review we discuss the intersection between obesity, aging and the factors which contribute to the dysregulation of whole-body fat metabolism. Expert commentary: Being obese disrupts an array of physiological systems and there is significant crosstalk among these. Moreover it is imperative to acknowledge the contribution intrinsic aging makes to the dysregulation of these systems and the onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Morgan
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Chester, Thornton Science Park , Chester , UK
| | - Kathleen Mooney
- b Faculty of Health and Social Care , Edge Hill University , Lancashire , UK
| | - Mark Mc Auley
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Chester, Thornton Science Park , Chester , UK
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25
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Altered Myokine Secretion Is an Intrinsic Property of Skeletal Muscle in Type 2 Diabetes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158209. [PMID: 27453994 PMCID: PMC4959771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle secretes factors, termed myokines. We employed differentiated human skeletal muscle cells (hSMC) cultured from Type 2 diabetic (T2D) and non-diabetic (ND) subjects to investigate the impact of T2D on myokine secretion. Following 24 hours of culture concentrations of selected myokines were determined to range over 4 orders of magnitude. T2D hSMC released increased amounts of IL6, IL8, IL15, TNFa, Growth Related Oncogene (GRO)a, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and follistatin compared to ND myotubes. T2D and ND hSMC secreted similar levels of IL1ß and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Treatment with the inflammatory agents lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or palmitate augmented the secretion of many myokines including: GROa, IL6, IL8, IL15, and TNFa, but did not consistently alter the protein content and/or phosphorylation of IkBa, p44/42 MAPK, p38 MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-kB, nor lead to consistent changes in basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake or free fatty acid oxidation. Conversely, treatment with pioglitazone or oleate resulted in modest reductions in the secretion of several myokines. Our results demonstrate that altered secretion of a number of myokines is an intrinsic property of skeletal muscle in T2D, suggesting a putative role of myokines in the response of skeletal muscle to T2D.
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