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Assini-Meytin LC, Giacomozzi AI, Priolo Filho SR, Lorandi JM, Laurinaitytė I. Adverse Childhood Experiences in Brazilian College Students: Examining Associations with Suicidal Ideation and Risky Behaviors. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2024; 17:495-505. [PMID: 38938942 PMCID: PMC11199450 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Background The association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and poor health outcomes is well-established in high-income countries. However, the evidence is limited for the association of ACEs, mental health, and risky behaviors for low- and middle-income countries. Moreover, studies often overlook prescription drug misuse and risky driving when examining the association of ACEs with risky behaviors. In our study, we examined the associations between ACEs, suicidal ideation, and risky behaviors (binge drinking, prescription drug misuse, and risky driving) among Brazilian college students. Methods Participants consisted of a convenience sample of students recruited from undergraduate courses primarily in two states in Southern Brazil (93%). Data were collected via an online survey between December 2020 and August 2021. The analytical sample comprised 503 participants, most were female (71%), and the mean age was 24 years. Survey instrument included questions on ten different ACE types, mental health, and risky behaviors. Statistical analyses included univariate descriptive analysis, binary and multivariable regression models. Results Across the ten ACE types assessed, only 14% of participants reported no ACEs, and 29% of participants experienced polyvictimization (i.e., four or more ACES). Multivariable models showed that, compared to those with no ACEs, participants who experienced polyvictimization had significantly increased odds of reporting suicide ideation (AOR = 6.21, p < .001), prescription drug misuse (AOR = 8.78, p < .01), and riding with an impaired driver (AOR = 3.58, p < .01). Conclusions Our findings support the need for psychological support and services available for college students with multiple ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana C. Assini-Meytin
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Andreia Isabel Giacomozzi
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brasil
| | - Sidnei R. Priolo Filho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa, Prevenção e Intervenção em Psicologia Forense, Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná – Rua Sydney Rangel Santos, Curitiba/PR, 238 Brasil
| | - Joana Milan Lorandi
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brasil
| | - Ilona Laurinaitytė
- Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Universiteto g. 9/1, Vilnius, 01513 Lithuania
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Altwaijri Y, Benjet C, Al-Habeeb A, Al-Subaie A, Akkad M, Alammar S, Bilal L, Naseem T. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:429-436. [PMID: 38382818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) constitute an escalating public health concern globally. Despite the growing burden of suicidal ideation, plan, and attempts, national information on the trends of STB is lacking in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Therefore, we aim to report on the prevalence, correlates, and treatment-seeking behaviors associated with STB in the country using nationally representative information from The Saudi National Mental Health Survey (SNMHS). METHODS The SNMHS is a national household survey of Saudi citizens aged 15-65 (n = 4004). The adapted Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 3.0 was administered to produce lifetime and 12-month prevalence and treatment estimates of STB in the KSA. Associated correlates were calculated using cross tabulations and logistic regressions. RESULTS Suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt had respective lifetime prevalence rates of 4.90 %, 1.78 %, and 1.46 %; 12-month prevalence rates of 1.82 %, 0.89 %, and 0.63 %. Significant correlates of STB include younger age, female gender, low education, urban rearing, and singe marital status. STB were also significantly associated with the presence of prior mental disorders, childhood adversities, and low treatment-seeking. CONCLUSIONS High unmet need and significant sociocultural and psychological risk factors have been identified in association with STB in the KSA. Given the community-based nature of the SNMHS and the limited national data on STB in the Middle East and North Africa region, our findings can extend to inform the necessary healthcare policies, treatment plans, and prevention strategies needed to alleviate the burdens of STB in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Altwaijri
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Research Department, King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Corina Benjet
- Center for Global Mental Health, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abdulhameed Al-Habeeb
- National Center for Mental Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Subaie
- SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Psychiatry, Edrak Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marya Akkad
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Research Department, King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alammar
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lisa Bilal
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Research Department, King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Naseem
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Research Department, King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Navarro-Mateu F, Salmerón D, Vilagut G, Husky M, Ballesta M, Chirlaque MD, Huerta JM, Martínez S, Navarro C, Alonso J, Nock M, Kessler RC. Childhood adversities and suicidal behavior in the general population. The cross-sectional PEGASUS-Murcia Project. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 17:11-18. [PMID: 33099026 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study is to estimate the lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts in a regional representative sample and the association of these outcomes with sociodemographic factors, prior mental disorders, and childhood adversities. MATERIAL AND METHODS The PEGASUS-Murcia project is a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of adults in Murcia that is part of the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) was administered face-to-face to 2621 participants (67.4% response rate). The main outcomes were suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts. Lifetime prevalence, age of onset, and risk factors (sociodemographic variables, mental disorders, and childhood adversities) were examined using multiple discrete-time survival models. RESULTS Lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans and attempts were 8.0% (standard error, SE: 1.1), 2.1% (SE: 0.3), and 1.2% (SE: 1.1), respectively. Prevalence of any childhood adversities was 22.1% (SE: 1.3) in the total sample and, even higher, among those with suicide related outcomes (ranging between 36.8% and 53.7%). Female sex, younger age, prior (to onset of the outcome) lifetime prevalence of mood disorders, number of mental disorders, and exposure to childhood adversity were associated with significantly increased odds of suicidal ideation and plans. CONCLUSIONS Lifetime prevalence estimates of suicidality are similar to those in community epidemiological surveys. Childhood adversities and mental disorders, especially mood disorders, are important risk factors for suicidality. Early detection of these adversities and disorders should be targeted in suicide prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Navarro-Mateu
- Unidad de Docencia, Investigación y Formación en Salud Mental (UDIF-SM), Servicio Murciano de Salud, Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Spain; IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Diego Salmerón
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Médiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mathilde Husky
- Laboratoire de Psychologie, Université de Bordeaux, Burdeos, France
| | - Mónica Ballesta
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Epidemiología, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Chirlaque
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Epidemiología, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Murcia, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Servicio de Epidemiología, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Navarro
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Epidemiología, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jordi Alonso
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Médiques, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Salud y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthew Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Correlates of suicidal behaviour among adults in Guyana. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2022.2075581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Peltzer
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Supa Pengpid
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
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Walker JH, Venta A, Bechelli J, Brewer TM, Boisvert D, Bick J, Lewis R, Wells J, Armstrong T. Testing the role of inflammation in the relation of childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation among young adults. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:2484-2496. [PMID: 35302245 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the prevalence of suicidal ideation among young adults has been on the rise, with childhood maltreatment thought to partially explain this disparity. Systemic inflammation-a product of over-activation of the body's stress response system-has been hypothesized to play a predictive role in the development of suicidal ideation. Enduring childhood maltreatment can lead to systemic inflammation, possibly accounting for suicidal ideation's increased prevalence among young adults who have a history of childhood maltreatment. METHODS The current study sought to investigate the importance of childhood maltreatment as a static risk factor for downstream suicidal ideation in young adulthood with the immunological response (i.e., systemic inflammation) to childhood maltreatment serving as a mediating factor. RESULTS Systemic inflammation was found to be positively associated with suicidal ideation, supporting the unique role systemic inflammation may play in the pathogenesis of suicidal ideation, though hypotheses regarding childhood maltreatment were not supported. CONCLUSION This study provides novel insight into a potential immunobiological model for suicidal ideation development in young adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse H Walker
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda Venta
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeremy Bechelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, USA
| | - Trisha M Brewer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, USA
| | - Danielle Boisvert
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, USA
| | - Johanna Bick
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard Lewis
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jessica Wells
- Department of Criminal Justice, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Todd Armstrong
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Martins MIS, Rocha HAL, Leite ÁJM, Rocha SGMO, Araújo DABS, Machado MMT, Campos JS, Sampaio EGM, Silva ACE, Correia LL. Prevalence and factors associated with adverse early childhood experiences: a population-based study in Ceará, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2022; 25:e220035. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720220035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and identify associated factors. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study comprised data from a sample of 3,200 households with 3,566 children under 6 years of age, representative of the state of Ceará, Brazil. A multistage sampling approach was used, with stratification among the state capital, Fortaleza, and the 28 countryside municipalities, in which 160 census tracts were randomly selected, each one with a cluster of 20 households. The outcome variable was structured based on adverse childhood experiences as suggested by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, according to the number of situations to which the child was exposed: 0–2, 3–5, and 6–9. Ordinal logistic regression multivariate model was applied to assess associations. Results: Among the 3,566 children studied, 89.7% (95%CI 88.7–90.7) were exposed to at least one adverse experience, of which the most prevalent were neglect, and emotional/physical abuse. The main factors associated were maternal advanced age and smoking, paternal absence, low education level of the head of the family, food insecurity and lack of a social support network. Conclusion: The study found a high occurrence of adverse early childhood experiences, particularly among preschool children born to mothers of older age, solo, who smoke and in a situation of social and economic vulnerability, including food insecurity, who should be target of control and prevention measures.
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Stochero L, Moraes CL, Marques ES, Santos EBD, Pacheco DL, Reichenheim ME, Taquette SR. Prevalence and co-occurrence of Adverse Childhood Experiences: a school-based survey in Rio de Janeiro. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:4115-4127. [PMID: 34586264 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021269.07412020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of categories of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) among high school students in Rio de Janeiro, investigate the ACE co-occurrence profile, and examine the distribution of exposure to ACE according to individual, family, socioeconomic, and school characteristics. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 681 individuals selected using a complex random sampling design. Exposure to ACE categories was identified using a cross-culturally adapted version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and direct questions. We calculated prevalence and correlation between ACE pairs and determined the co-occurrence profile of childhood adversities. The findings reveal that the most common adversities were emotional abuse and neglect and biparental family dissolution. Seventy percent of the sample reported having been exposed to at least one ACE and 9% had been exposed to four or more. Around 20% of respondents reported exposure to abuse and neglect and 9% to the co-occurrence of abuse, neglect, and absence of at least one parent during childhood. The most vulnerable subgroups were girls and respondents who were born to teenage mothers, not living with both parents, studying at public schools, and from low-income families. The high prevalence and co-occurrence profile of ACE reveals the need for wide-ranging intersectoral policies designed to prevent adverse childhood experiences and provide victim support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Stochero
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 7º andar Bloco D, Maracanã. 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Claudia Leite Moraes
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 7º andar Bloco D, Maracanã. 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Emanuele Souza Marques
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 7º andar Bloco D, Maracanã. 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | | | - Deylaine Lourenço Pacheco
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 7º andar Bloco D, Maracanã. 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Michael Eduardo Reichenheim
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 7º andar Bloco D, Maracanã. 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Stella Regina Taquette
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil
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Association between childhood adversities and psychopathology onset throughout the lifespan: Findings from a large metropolitan population. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 135:8-14. [PMID: 33406459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversities (ECA) are deleterious experiences that can occur during individuals' development, which has been associated with several negative health outcomes. AIM Analyze the effect of ECA on the onset of DSM-IV disorders throughout life. METHOD The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used in a stratified, multistage area probability sample of 5037 individuals aged 18 or more to assess the presence of childhood adversities, 20 psychiatric disorders and their ages of onset. Discrete-time survival models were performed to estimate the odds of disorder onset. Data are from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey, the Brazilian branch of the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. FINDINGS 53.6% of the sample experienced at least one ECA, and parental death (16.1%) and physical abuse (16%) were the most reported occurrences. Parental mental illness (OR = 1.99 to 2.27) and family violence (OR = 1.55 to 1.99) were the adversities most consistently associated with psychopathology across all age groups, while economic adversities (OR = 2.71 to 3.30) and parent criminality (OR = 1.72 to 1.77) were associated with psychopathology in individuals whose onset of disorder occurred from age 13 years on. Parental mental disorders and economic adversities were the strongest and most consistent predictors of all four classes of psychopathologies examined in multivariate models controlled for the clustering of adversities. Physical abuse was associated with externalizing disorders, while sexual abuse with internalizing disorders. INTERPRETATION Childhood adversities were consistently associated with mental disorders. Economic adversities and parent mental disorders were predictive of psychopathology even if controlled for type (additive) and type and number of adversities (interactive models). Parental mental disorder and family violence were the main predictors of psychopathology onset across all age groups. Parental mental disorder was the only adversity that predicted all classes of disorders investigated.
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Zhang J, Tang BW, Liu MW, Yuan S, Yu HJ, Zhang R, Huang XC, Nzala SH, Chikoya M, Wang PG, He QQ. Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences with Health Risk Behaviors Among College Students in Zambia. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:400-405. [PMID: 32096097 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to long-term health outcomes, while the impact of such experience has not been investigated among Zambian youth. This study examined the associations of ACEs with individual and clusters of health risk behavior among college students in Zambia. METHOD A total of 624 college students participated in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on their ACEs and health risk behaviors. RESULTS There were 58.3% (364) reporting some forms of ACEs, with 27.6% (172), 16.3% (102), and 14.4% (90) being exposed to 1, 2, and ≥ 3 ACEs, respectively. The prevalence of health risk behaviors ranged from 6.0 to 34.2%. Overall, ACEs were associated with increased risk of smoking, binge drinking, suicide attempt, risky sexual behaviors, and illicit drug use. Logistic regression suggested that participants with ≥ 3 ACEs (OR, 3.62; 95% CI, 2.14-6.13) were more likely to engage in the unhealthy cluster, characterized by the presence of any health risk behavior, than those without ACE. CONCLUSION ACEs were associated with individual and clustering of health risk behaviors among Zambia college students. Our study suggests that early intervention is needed to prevent long-term adverse health consequences in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Wen Tang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Wei Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jie Yu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chang Huang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Mpundu Chikoya
- School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Pei-Gang Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Qiang He
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Auersperg F, Vlasak T, Ponocny I, Barth A. Long-term effects of parental divorce on mental health - A meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 119:107-115. [PMID: 31622869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the long-term effects of parental divorce on their offspring's mental health as well as substance-based addiction. We performed a systematic literature search on PubMed, Medline, PsyINFO, PsyARTICLES and PsycNET for the time period from 1990 until March 2018 in English language. In total 54 studies were included in the meta-analysis resulting in 117 effect sizes as well as a total sample of 506,299 participants. A significant association between parental divorce and every aspect of mental health was found with the following pooled ORs (95% CIs): Depression 1.29 (1.23-1.35), anxiety 1.12 (1.04-1.12), suicide attempt 1.35 (1.26-1.44), suicidal ideation 1.48 (1.43-1.54), distress 1.48 (1.37-1.6), alcohol 1.43 (1.34-1.53), smoking 1.64 (1.57-1.72) and drugs 1.45 (1.44-1.46) could be estimated. There was significant association between the effect sizes and the publication date specifically for distress (r = -0.995, p = .005). The results of the meta-analysis show a consistent direction of influence regarding the long-term effect of parental divorce on their children. Individuals affected by parental divorce have a higher risk of developing a variety of mental health conditions, although the effect sizes decreased from 1990 to 2017. Further research should focus on developing programmes to promote the resilience of children affected by divorce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Auersperg
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, 1020, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thomas Vlasak
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University Linz, 4020, Linz, Austria.
| | - Ivo Ponocny
- Department for Sustainability, Governance, and Methods, MODUL University Vienna, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alfred Barth
- Head of the Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University Linz, 4020, Linz, Austria.
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D’Eça Júnior A, Rodrigues LDS, Meneses Filho EP, Costa LDLN, Rêgo ADS, Costa LC, Batista RFL. Mortalidade por suicídio na população brasileira, 1996-2015: qual é a tendência predominante? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1414-462x201900010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo Introdução O suicídio é uma das três causas de morte mais frequentes no mundo e varia conforme o sexo e a idade. Objetivo Analisar a tendência da mortalidade por suicídio nas regiões brasileiras no período de 1996 a 2015 e sua associação com o sexo e a faixa etária. Método Estudo ecológico de série temporal, utilizando os óbitos por suicídio analisados por regiões no período de 1996 a 2015 contidos no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Para avaliação da tendência da mortalidade por suicídio, foi considerado o modelo de regressão de Prais-Winsten. Para comparar os percentuais de mortalidade por sexo e faixa etária, foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado. Resultados Observou-se tendência crescente de óbitos por suicídio nas regiões Norte (1,73%, Coef = 0,007; p-valor < 0,001), Nordeste (2,30%, Coef = 0,010; p-valor = 0,006) e Sudeste (1,41%, Coef = 0,006; p-valor < 0,001) e decrescente no Sul (-0,57%, Coef = -0,002; p-valor = 0,001), além de predomínio de homens no percentual de óbitos (p < 0,001). Conclusão O suicídio é considerado importante problema de saúde pública, necessitando de ações para divulgação dos riscos e programas de prevenção.
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Coêlho BM, Santana GL, Duarte-Guerra LS, Viana MC, Neto FL, Andrade LH, Wang YP. The role of gender in the structure of networks of childhood adversity. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:348-356. [PMID: 30293013 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of present study is to investigate the relationship between different childhood adversities. The potential impact of early adversity on prevention programs is discussed. Data on twelve childhood adversities was collected from a representative sample of 5037 members of the general population living in a large metropolitan area. Data were analyzed through network analysis, to estimate and compare network connectivity and centrality measures by gender. Over half the respondents had been exposed to at least one adversity during their earlier developmental stage. Among adversity-exposed persons, 48.4% presented simultaneous adversities, most of which were related to 'family dysfunction' and 'maltreatment' (mean = 2.9 adversities). Women reported more adversities than men (59.0% vs. 47.6%). Although the 'global' network connectivity across adversities was similar in both genders, 'regional' distinctions in the network structure were found. While 'neglect' and 'parental death' were more important for women than men, 'parental mental disorders' was more important for men. Gender-related childhood adversities were clustered experiences. Adversities related to 'early family dysfunction' and 'maltreatment' were prominent features in the networks of both boys and girls. Differential preventive and intervention programs should take into account gender-related patterns of exposure and reporting patterns of early adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Mendonça Coêlho
- Nucleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiatrica (LIM-23), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Geilson Lima Santana
- Nucleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiatrica (LIM-23), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leorides Severo Duarte-Guerra
- Nucleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiatrica (LIM-23), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Carmen Viana
- Department of Social Medicine Post-Graduate Program in Public Health, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Francisco Lotufo Neto
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Helena Andrade
- Nucleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiatrica (LIM-23), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yuan-Pang Wang
- Nucleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiatrica (LIM-23), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Coêlho BM, Santana GL, Viana MC, Andrade LH, Wang YP. Gender-related dimensions of childhood adversities in the general population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 40:394-402. [PMID: 29898193 PMCID: PMC6899381 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Childhood adversities (CAs) comprise a group of negative experiences individuals may suffer in their lifetimes. The goal of the present study was to investigate the cluster discrimination of CAs through psychometric determination of the common attributes of such experiences for men and women. Methods: Parental mental illness, substance misuse, criminality, death, divorce, other parental loss, family violence, physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, physical illness, and economic adversity were assessed in a general-population sample (n=5,037). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis determined gender-related dimensions of CA. The contribution of each individual adversity was explored through Rasch analysis. Results: Adversities were reported by 53.6% of the sample. A three-factor model of CA dimensions fit the data better for men, and a two-factor model for women. For both genders, the dimension of family maladjustment – encompassing physical abuse, neglect, parental mental disorders, and family violence – was the core cluster of CAs. Women endorsed more CAs than men. Rasch analysis found that sexual abuse, physical illness, parental criminal behavior, parental divorce, and economic adversity were difficult to report in face-to-face interviews. Conclusion: CAs embrace sensitive personal information, clustering of which differed by gender. Acknowledging CAs may have an impact on medical and psychiatric outcomes in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Coêlho
- Núcleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiátrica (LIM-23), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Geilson L Santana
- Núcleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiátrica (LIM-23), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C Viana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Departamento de Medicina Social, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Laura H Andrade
- Núcleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiátrica (LIM-23), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yuan-Pang Wang
- Núcleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiátrica (LIM-23), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Behr Gomes Jardim G, Novelo M, Spanemberg L, von Gunten A, Engroff P, Nogueira EL, Cataldo Neto A. Influence of childhood abuse and neglect subtypes on late-life suicide risk beyond depression. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 80:249-256. [PMID: 29631256 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The association of childhood maltreatment and suicide has been extensively examined within the population. Depression figures as a main cause for the elevated suicide rate in advanced ages and is often related to childhood maltreatment. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment subtypes and suicide risk, testing geriatric depression as a moderator. This is a cross-sectional study looking at a sample of 449 individuals 60 year s old or older from the Multidimensional Study of the Elderly of Porto Alegre Family Health Strategy, Brazil (EMI-SUS/POA). Childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), geriatric depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale), and suicide risk (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) were assessed. The subtypes of childhood abuse and neglect were significantly associated with suicide risk. In the multivariate analysis, controlling for age, gender, income, marital status, ethnicity, smoking, and geriatric depression symptoms, all trauma subtypes remained associated with suicide risk with the exception of physical neglect (EA = 3.65; PA = 3.16; SA = 5.1; EN = 2.43; PN = 1.76). The present study showed that childhood maltreatment subtypes predicted suicide risk, and geriatric depression does not directly mediate this relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Behr Gomes Jardim
- Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia - IGG, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil.
| | - Marta Novelo
- Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia - IGG, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Spanemberg
- Nucleo Especifico de Formacao em Psiquiatria, Escola de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Brazil.
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Age Avance - SUPAA, University of Lausanne - UNIL, Switzerland.
| | - Paula Engroff
- Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia - IGG, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Lopes Nogueira
- Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia - IGG, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil; Nucleo Especifico de Formacao em Psiquiatria, Escola de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Alfredo Cataldo Neto
- Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia - IGG, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil; Nucleo Especifico de Formacao em Psiquiatria, Escola de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Merrill LC, Jones CW, Drury SS, Theall KP. The differential impact of oxytocin receptor gene in violence-exposed boys and girls. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 59:60-67. [PMID: 28341538 PMCID: PMC5507059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood violence exposure is a prevalent public health problem. Understanding the lasting impact of violence requires an enhanced appreciation for the complex effects of violence across behavioral, physiologic, and molecular outcomes. This subject matched, cross-sectional study of 80 children explored the impact of violence exposure across behavioral, physiologic, and cellular outcomes. Externalizing behavior, diurnal cortisol rhythm, and telomere length (TL) were examined in a community recruited cohort of Black youth. Given evidence that genetic variation contributes to individual differences in response to the environment, we further tested whether a polymorphism in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR rs53576) moderated associations between violence and youth outcomes. Exposure to violence was directly associated with increased externalizing behavior, but no direct association of violence was found with cortisol or TL. Oxytocin genotype, however, moderated the association between violence and both cortisol and TL, suggesting that pathways linked to oxytocin may contribute to individual differences in the physiologic and molecular consequences of violence exposure. Sex differences with OXTR in cortisol and TL outcomes were also detected. Taken together, these findings suggest that there are complex pathways through which violence exposure impacts children, and that these pathways differ by both genetic variation and the sex of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia C Merrill
- Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
| | - Christopher W Jones
- Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
| | - Stacy S Drury
- Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
| | - Katherine P Theall
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal St., New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
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Estefan LF, Ports KA, Hipp T. Unaccompanied Children Migrating from Central America: Public Health Implications for Violence Prevention and Intervention. CURRENT TRAUMA REPORTS 2017; 3:97-103. [PMID: 29456924 PMCID: PMC5812021 DOI: 10.1007/s40719-017-0082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Unaccompanied children (UC) migrating to the USA from the Central American countries of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras are an underserved population at high risk for health, academic, and social problems. These children experience trauma, violence, and other risk factors that are shared among several types of interpersonal violence. RECENT FINDINGS The trauma and violence experienced by many unaccompanied children, and the subsequent implications for their healthy development into adulthood, indicate the critical need for a public health approach to prevention and intervention. SUMMARY This paper provides an overview of the violence experienced by unaccompanied children along their migration journey, the implications of violence and trauma for the health and well-being of the children across their lifespan, prevention and intervention approaches for UC resettled in the USA, and suggestions for adapted interventions to best address the unique needs of this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne Fuino Estefan
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-63, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katie A Ports
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-63, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tracy Hipp
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-63, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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