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Sharma S, Anand A, Singh R, Singh RK, Verma S. Peptide-triggered IL-12 and IFN-γ mediated immune response in CD4 + T-cells against Leishmania donovani infection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4092-4095. [PMID: 38511970 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05946d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Leishmania donovani are intracellular, human blood parasites that cause visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been shown to modulate intracellular processes and cargo delivery, whereas host defense peptides (HDPs) promote proliferation of both naïve and antigen activated CD4+ T-cells. We report newly designed tripeptides that were able to trigger proinflammatory cytokine (IL-12 and IFN-γ) secretion by CD4+CD44+ T-cells in response to Leishmania donovani infection. These peptides can be used to induce antigen specific TH1 responses to combat obstacles of cytotoxicity and drug resistance associated with current anti-leishmanial drugs. Furthermore, these peptides can also be used as adjuvants to develop an effective immunoprophylactic approach for immunity restoration against visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Anshul Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Rajan Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
- Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
- Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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Kim D, Lee DW, Yoon G, Jeong EK, Choi MS, Lee HC, Park YS, Chung CP, Lee JY, Park YJ. Therapeutic Effect of HDAC5 Binding and Cell Penetrating Peptide for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:965-979. [PMID: 37589886 PMCID: PMC10519921 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an incurable disease that negatively influences the quality of life of patients. Current and emerging therapies target proinflammatory cytokines and/or receptors to downregulate proinflammatory responses, but insufficient remission requires other therapeutic agents. Herein, we report that the synthetic anti-inflammatory peptide 15 (SAP15) is capable of cell penetration and anti-inflammatory activity in human macrophages. METHODS SAP15 was labeled with fluorescence and administered to human leukemia monocytic cells (THP-1) cells for cell penetration analysis. Using biolayer interferometry analysis, the binding affinity of SAP15 with histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) was measured. SAP15-treated THP-1 cells were analyzed by protein phosphorylation assay, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, in vivo analysis of the therapeutic effect on IBD was observed in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced model. Samples from SAP15-treated mice were analyzed at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels using ELISA, myeloperoxidase (MPO) assays, and histological evaluations. RESULTS SAP15 was internalized within the cytosol and nucleus of THP-1 cells and bound to the HDAC5 protein. SAP15-treated macrophages were assessed for protein phosphorylation and showed inhibited phosphorylation of HDAC5 and other immune-related proteins, which led to increased M2-like macrophage markers and decreased M1-like macrophage markers and tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 cytokine levels. The SAP15 treatment on IBD model showed significant recovery of colon length. Further histological analysis of colon demonstrated the therapeutic effect of SAP15 on mucosal layer. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokine levels and MPO activity from the plasma show that SAP15 is effective in reduced proinflammatory responses. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that SAP15 is a novel peptide with a novel cell-penetrating peptide with anti-inflammatory property that can be used as a therapeutic agent for IBD and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deogil Kim
- Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Lee
- Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, 03127, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, #403 Biomaterial Research Building, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gookjin Yoon
- Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, #403 Biomaterial Research Building, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Kyun Jeong
- Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Sil Choi
- Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoo Cheol Lee
- Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Shin Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Pyung Chung
- Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Jue-Yeon Lee
- Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Park
- Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, 03127, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, #403 Biomaterial Research Building, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Lee WS, Nam KH, Kim JH, Kim WJ, Kim JE, Shin EC, Kim GR, Choi JM. Alleviating psoriatic skin inflammation through augmentation of Treg cells via CTLA-4 signaling peptide. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233514. [PMID: 37818377 PMCID: PMC10560854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by hyperplasia of keratinocytes and immune cell infiltration. The IL-17-producing T cells play a key role in psoriasis pathogenesis, while regulatory T (Treg) cells are diminished during psoriatic inflammation. Current psoriasis treatments largely focus on IL-17 and IL-23, however, few studies have explored therapeutic drugs targeting an increase of Treg cells to control immune homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the effects of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) signaling peptide (dNP2-ctCTLA-4) in Th17, Tc17, γδ T cells, Treg cells in vitro and a mouse model of psoriasis. Treatment with dNP2-ctCTLA-4 peptide showed a significant reduction of psoriatic skin inflammation with increased Treg cell proportion and reduced IL-17 production by T cells, indicating a potential role in modulating psoriatic skin disease. We compared dNP2-ctCTLA-4 with CTLA-4-Ig and found that only dNP2-ctCTLA-4 ameliorated the psoriasis progression, with increased Treg cells and inhibited IL-17 production from γδ T cells. In vitro experiments using a T cell-antigen presenting cell co-culture system demonstrated the distinct mechanisms of dNP2-ctCTLA-4 compared to CTLA-4-Ig in the induction of Treg cells. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of dNP2-ctCTLA-4 peptide in psoriasis by augmenting Treg/Teff ratio, offering a new approach to modulating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Sung Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Nam
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ju Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jeong Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Ran Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gori A, Lodigiani G, Colombarolli SG, Bergamaschi G, Vitali A. Cell Penetrating Peptides: Classification, Mechanisms, Methods of Study, and Applications. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300236. [PMID: 37389978 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) encompass a class of peptides that possess the remarkable ability to cross cell membranes and deliver various types of cargoes, including drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins, into cells. For this reason, CPPs are largely investigated in drug delivery applications in the context of many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and genetic disorders. While sharing this functionality and some common structural features, such as a high content of positively charged amino acids, CPPs represent an extremely diverse group of elements, which can differentiate under many aspects. In this review, we summarize the most common characteristics of CPPs, introduce their main distinctive features, mechanistic aspects that drive their function, and outline the most widely used techniques for their structural and functional studies. We highlight current gaps and future perspectives in this field, which have the potential to significantly impact the future field of drug delivery and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gori
- SCITEC - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Lodigiani
- SCITEC - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Stella G Colombarolli
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Greta Bergamaschi
- SCITEC - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Vitali
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy
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5
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Unleashing cell-penetrating peptide applications for immunotherapy. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:482-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
About 30 years ago, the discovery of CPP improved the therapeutic approach to treat diseases and extended the range of potential targets to intracellular molecules. There are potential drug candidates for FDA approval based on active studies in basic research, preclinical, and clinical trials. Various attempts by CPP application to control the diseases such as allergy, autoimmunity, cancer, and infection demonstrated a strategy to make a new drug pipeline for successful discovery of a biologic drug for immune modulation. However, there are still no CPP-based drug candidates for immune-related diseases in the clinical stage. To control immune responses successfully, not only increasing delivery efficiency of CPPs but also selecting potential target cells and cargoes could be important issues. In particular, as it becomes possible to control intracellular targets, efforts to find various novel potential target are being attempted. In this chapter, we focused on CPP-based approaches to treat diseases through modulation of immune responses and discussed for perspectives on future direction of the research for successful application of CPP technology to immune modulation and disease therapy in clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ju Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Hejtmánková A, Váňová J, Španielová H. Cell-penetrating peptides in the intracellular delivery of viral nanoparticles. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 117:47-76. [PMID: 34420585 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a promising tool for the intracellular delivery of cargo. Due to their ability to cross membranes while also cotransporting various cargoes, they offer great potential for biomedical applications. Several CPPs have been derived from viral proteins with natural roles in the viral replication cycle that require them to breach or fuse to cellular membranes. Additionally, the ability of viruses to cross membranes makes viruses and virus-based particles a convenient model for research on nanoparticle delivery and nanoparticle-mediated gene therapy. In this chapter, we aim to characterize CPPs derived from both structural and nonstructural viral proteins. Their function as enhancers of viral infection and transduction by viral nanoparticles as well as the main features of viral CPPs employed in intracellular cargo delivery are summarized to emphasize their potential use in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alžběta Hejtmánková
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Váňová
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Španielová
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Koo JH, Kim SH, Jeon SH, Kang MJ, Choi JM. Macrophage-preferable delivery of the leucine-rich repeat domain of NLRX1 ameliorates lethal sepsis by regulating NF-κB and inflammasome signaling activation. Biomaterials 2021; 274:120845. [PMID: 33971559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is an acute systemic inflammatory disease triggered by bacterial infection leading organ dysfunctions that macrophages are responsible for major triggering of systemic inflammation. Treatment options are limited to antibiotics and drugs to manage the symptoms of sepsis, but there are currently no molecular-targeted therapies. Here, we identified a novel macrophage-preferable delivery peptide, C10, which we conjugated to truncated domains of NLRX1 (leucine-rich repeat region (LRR), and nucleotide binding domain (NBD)) to obtain C10-LRR and C10-NBD. Leucine rich amino acid of C10 enables macrophage preferable moieties that efficiently deliver a cargo protein into macrophages in vitro and in vivo. C10-LRR but not C10-NBD significantly improved survival in an LPS-mediated lethal endotoxemia sepsis model. C10-LRR efficiently inhibited IL-6 production in peritoneal macrophages via prevention of IκB degradation and p65 phosphorylation. In addition, C10-LRR negatively regulated IL-1β production by preventing caspase-1 activation with a sustained mitochondrial MAVS level. Finally, co-treatment with anti-TNFα antibody and C10-LRR had a synergistic effect in an LPS-induced sepsis model. Collectively, these findings indicate that C10-LRR could be an effective therapeutic agent to treat systemic inflammation in sepsis by regulating both NF-κB and inflammasome signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Kim
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Soung-Hoo Jeon
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jong Kang
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Koo JH, Kim DH, Cha D, Kang MJ, Choi JM. LRR domain of NLRX1 protein delivery by dNP2 inhibits T cell functions and alleviates autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Theranostics 2020; 10:3138-3150. [PMID: 32194859 PMCID: PMC7053182 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which is a chronic progressive disease and is caused by uncontrolled activation of myelin antigen specific T cells. It has high unmet medical needs due to the difficulty of efficient drug delivery into the CNS to control tissue inflammation. In this study, we demonstrate that a fusion protein of NOD-like receptor family member X1 (NLRX1) and blood brain barrier (BBB)-permeable peptide, dNP2 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods: We purified recombinant LRR or NBD regions of NLRX1 protein conjugated with dNP2. To examine intracellular delivery efficiency of the recombinant protein, we incubated the proteins with Jurkat T cells or murine splenic T cells and their delivery efficiency was analyzed by flow cytometry. To investigate the therapeutic efficacy in an EAE model, we injected the recombinant protein into mice with 3 different treatment schemes e.g., prevention, semi-therapeutic, and therapeutic. To analyze their functional roles in T cells, we treated MACS-sorted naïve CD4 T cells with the proteins during their activation and differentiation into Th1, Th17, and Treg cells. Results: dNP2-LRR protein treatment showed significantly higher delivery efficiency than TAT-LRR or LRR alone in Jurkat T cells and mouse splenic T cells. In all three treatment schemes of EAE experiments, dNP2-LRR administration showed ameliorated tissue inflammation and disease severity with reduced number of infiltrating T cells producing inflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ. In addition, dNP2-LRR inhibited T cell activation, cytokine production, and Th1 differentiation. Conclusion: These results suggest that dNP2-LRR is a novel agent, which regulates effector T cell functions and could be a promising molecule for the treatment of CNS autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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10
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Lee HG, Kim LK, Choi JM. NFAT-Specific Inhibition by dNP2-VIVITAmeliorates Autoimmune Encephalomyelitisby Regulation of Th1 and Th17. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 16:32-41. [PMID: 31737742 PMCID: PMC6849366 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATs) is an important transcription factor for T cell activation and proliferation. Recent studies have highlighted the role of NFATs in regulating the differentiation of effector CD4 T helper (Th) subsets including Th1 and Th17 cells. Because controlling the effector T cell function is important for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, regulation of NFAT functions in T cells would be an important strategy to control the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here, we demonstrated that an NFAT inhibitory peptide, VIVIT conjugated to dNP2 (dNP2-VIVIT), a blood-brain barrier-permeable peptide, ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 cells, but not regulatory T (Treg) cells. dNP2-VIVIT negatively regulated spinal cord-infiltrating interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and interferon (IFN)-γ-producing CD4+ T cells without affecting the number of Foxp3+ CD4+ Treg cells, whereas dNP2-VEET or 11R-VIVIT could not significantly inhibit EAE. In comparison with cyclosporin A (CsA), dNP2-VIVIT selectively inhibited Th1 and Th17 differentiation, whereas CsA inhibited the differentiation of all T cell subsets including that of Th2 and Treg cells. Collectively, this study demonstrated the role of dNP2-VIVIT as a novel agent for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis by regulating the functions of Th1 and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Li-Kyung Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lim S, Kirkiles-Smith NC, Pober JS, Bothwell ALM, Choi JM. Regulation of human T cell responses by dNP2-ctCTLA-4 inhibits human skin and microvessel graft rejection. Biomaterials 2018; 183:128-138. [PMID: 30165256 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of human T cell functioning by delivery of macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, or protein is limited, unless the human T cells have been stimulated or electropermeabilized. To achieve successful adaptation and survival of a grafted organ, the alloreactive T cells that induce graft rejection must be regulated. Corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and mTOR inhibitors, which are systemic immunosuppressants, are currently used for transplantation, with significant side effects. In this study, we demonstrated that a cell-permeable peptide (CPP), dNP2, could efficiently deliver proteins into human CD4 and CD8 T cells. We confirmed regulatory functioning of the cytoplasmic domain of CTLA-4 conjugated with dNP2 (dNP2-ctCTLA-4) in human T cell activation, proliferation, and chemokine receptor expression. We utilized a human skin allograft system in SCID/beige mice to examine whether dNP2-ctCTLA-4 could inhibit allograft rejection by controlling T cell responses. The grafted skin tissue inflammation, allogeneic T cell infiltration, and blood cytokine level was markedly reduced by dNP2-ctCTLA-4, resulting in successful transplantation. In addition, it also inhibited T cell alloresponses against microvessels formed form Bcl-2-transduced human umbilical vein endothelial cells implanted into Balb/c Rag1-/-/IL-2Rγ-/- double knockout (DKO) mice, assessed as reduced T cell infiltration and granzyme B expression. These results collectively suggest that dNP2 peptide conjugation offers a valuable tool for delivering macromolecules like proteins into human T cells, and dNP2-ctCTLA-4 is a novel agent that shows potential in controlling human T cell responses to allow successful adaptation of grafted tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Lim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Nancy C Kirkiles-Smith
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jordan S Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Alfred L M Bothwell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
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12
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Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites Function as Immunometabolic Hubs that Orchestrate the Rapid Recall Response of Memory CD8 + T Cells. Immunity 2018. [PMID: 29523440 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis is linked to the rapid response of memory CD8+ T cells, but the molecular and subcellular structural elements enabling enhanced glucose metabolism in nascent activated memory CD8+ T cells are unknown. We found that rapid activation of protein kinase B (PKB or AKT) by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) led to inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) at mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) junctions. This enabled recruitment of hexokinase I (HK-I) to the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) on mitochondria. Binding of HK-I to VDAC promoted respiration by facilitating metabolite flux into mitochondria. Glucose tracing pinpointed pyruvate oxidation in mitochondria, which was the metabolic requirement for rapid generation of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in memory T cells. Subcellular organization of mTORC2-AKT-GSK3β at mitochondria-ER contact sites, promoting HK-I recruitment to VDAC, thus underpins the metabolic reprogramming needed for memory CD8+ T cells to rapidly acquire effector function.
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Mechanistic insights into the efficacy of cell penetrating peptide-based cancer vaccines. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2887-2896. [PMID: 29508006 PMCID: PMC6061156 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies are increasingly used to treat cancer, with some outstanding results. Immunotherapy modalities include therapeutic vaccination to eliminate cancer cells through the activation of patient’s immune system against tumor-derived antigens. Nevertheless, the full potential of therapeutic vaccination has yet to be demonstrated clinically because many early generation vaccines elicited low-level immune responses targeting only few tumor antigens. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are highly promising tools to advance the field towards clinical success. CPPs efficiently penetrate cell membranes, even when linked to antigenic cargos, which can induce both CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses. Pre-clinical studies demonstrated that targeting multiple tumor antigens, even those considered to be poorly immunogenic, led to tumor regression. Therefore, CPP-based cancer vaccines represent a flexible and powerful means to extend therapeutic vaccination to many cancer indications. Here, we review recent findings in CPP development and discuss their use in next generation immunotherapies.
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Kim DH, Park HJ, Lim S, Koo JH, Lee HG, Choi JO, Oh JH, Ha SJ, Kang MJ, Lee CM, Lee CG, Elias JA, Choi JM. Regulation of chitinase-3-like-1 in T cell elicits Th1 and cytotoxic responses to inhibit lung metastasis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:503. [PMID: 29403003 PMCID: PMC5799380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like-1 (Chi3l1) is known to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Type 2 inflammation and cancer. However, the function of Chi3l1 in T cell and its clinical implications are largely unknown. Here we show that Chi3l1 expression was increased in activated T cells, especially in Th2 cells. In addition, Chi3l1-deficient T cells are hyper-responsive to TcR stimulation and are prone to differentiating into Th1 cells. Chi3l1-deficient Th1 cells show increased expression of anti-tumor immunity genes and decreased Th1 negative regulators. Deletion of Chi3l1 in T cells in mice show reduced melanoma lung metastasis with increased IFNγ and TNFα-producing T cells in the lung. Furthermore, silencing of Chi3l1 expression in the lung using peptide-siRNA complex (dNP2-siChi3l1) efficiently inhibit lung metastasis with enhanced Th1 and CTL responses. Collectively, this study demonstrates Chi3l1 is a regulator of Th1 and CTL which could be a therapeutic target to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Chitinase-3-like-1 (Chi3l1) has been involved in inflammation and pulmonary metastasis. Here the authors show that Chi3l1 inhibits the T cell response by negatively regulating their activation and that, in a mouse model of melanoma, T cell-targeted silencing of Chi3l1 results in reduced lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Hong-Jai Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Sangho Lim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Hong-Gyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Jin Ouk Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Min-Jong Kang
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Jack A Elias
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Division of Medical and Biological Sciences, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea. .,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea. .,Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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dNP2-ctCTLA-4 inhibits German cockroach extract-induced allergic airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness via inhibition of Th2 responses. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e362. [PMID: 28775364 PMCID: PMC5579505 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
German cockroaches are major household allergens that can trigger allergic airway inflammatory diseases with sensitive T-cell responses. Although the use of immune modulatory biologics, such as antibodies, to mediate allergic responses has recently been examined, only systemic administration is available because of the size limitations on intranasal administration. Here we utilized a cell-permeable peptide, dNP2, to deliver the cytoplasmic domain of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (ctCTLA-4) through the airway epithelium to modulate Th2 responses in a German cockroach extract (GCE)-induced allergic airway inflammation model. The intranasal delivery efficiency of the dNP2-dTomato protein to the lungs was higher in GCE-induced asthmatic lung parenchymal cells compared to the sham cells. Intranasal administration of the dNP2-ctCTLA-4 protein inhibited airway hyper-responsiveness and reduced airway inflammation and remodeling, including goblet cell metaplasia and collagen deposition around the bronchi. The number of infiltrated cells, including eosinophils, and the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-γ in the lungs were significantly reduced, presumably owing to inhibition of Th2 differentiation. However, intranasal administration of CTLA4-Ig did not inhibit airway inflammation. These results collectively suggest that dNP2-ctCTLA-4 is an efficient intranasally applicable candidate biologic for treating allergic asthma.
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Kim WJ, Koo JH, Cho HJ, Lee JU, Kim JY, Lee HG, Lee S, Kim JH, Oh MS, Suh M, Shin EC, Ko JY, Sohn MH, Choi JM. Protein tyrosine phosphatase conjugated with a novel transdermal delivery peptide, astrotactin 1-derived peptide recombinant protein tyrosine phosphatase (AP-rPTP), alleviates both atopic dermatitis-like and psoriasis-like dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:137-151. [PMID: 28456618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are the 2 most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases. There is an unmet medical need to overcome limitations for transcutaneous drug development posed by the skin barrier. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify a novel transdermal delivery peptide and to develop a transcutaneously applicable immunomodulatory protein for treating AD and psoriasis. METHODS We identified and generated reporter proteins conjugated to astrotactin 1-derived peptide (AP), a novel transdermal delivery peptide of human origin, and analyzed the intracellular delivery efficiency of these proteins in mouse and human skin cells and tissues using multiphoton confocal microscopy. We also generated a recombinant therapeutic protein, AP-recombinant protein tyrosine phosphatase (rPTP), consisting of the phosphatase domain of the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase conjugated to AP. The immunomodulatory function of AP-rPTP was confirmed in splenocytes on cytokine stimulation and T-cell receptor stimulation. Finally, we confirmed the in vivo efficacy of AP-rPTP transdermal delivery in patients with oxazolone-induced contact hypersensitivity, ovalbumin-induced AD-like, and imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation models. RESULTS AP-conjugated reporter proteins exhibited significant intracellular transduction efficacy in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and immune cells. In addition, transcutaneous administration of AP-dTomato resulted in significant localization into the dermis and epidermis in both mouse and human skin. AP-rPTP inhibited phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1, STAT3, and STAT6 in splenocytes and also regulated T-cell activation and proliferation. Transcutaneous administration of AP-rPTP through the paper-patch technique significantly ameliorated skin tissue thickening, inflammation, and cytokine expression in both AD-like and psoriasis-like dermatitis models. CONCLUSION We identified a 9-amino-acid novel transdermal delivery peptide, AP, and demonstrated its feasibility for transcutaneous biologic drug development. Moreover, AP-rPTP is a novel immunomodulatory drug candidate for human dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ju Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Cho
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Ung Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Gyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohee Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mi Seon Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minah Suh
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea; Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Ko
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Korea.
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