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Andreani T, Cheng R, Elbadri K, Ferro C, Menezes T, Dos Santos MR, Pereira CM, Santos HA. Natural compounds-based nanomedicines for cancer treatment: Future directions and challenges. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01649-z. [PMID: 39003425 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Several efforts have been extensively accomplished for the amelioration of the cancer treatments using different types of new drugs and less invasives therapies in comparison with the traditional therapeutic modalities, which are widely associated with numerous drawbacks, such as drug resistance, non-selectivity and high costs, restraining their clinical response. The application of natural compounds for the prevention and treatment of different cancer cells has attracted significant attention from the pharmaceuticals and scientific communities over the past decades. Although the use of nanotechnology in cancer therapy is still in the preliminary stages, the application of nanotherapeutics has demonstrated to decrease the various limitations related to the use of natural compounds, such as physical/chemical instability, poor aqueous solubility, and low bioavailability. Despite the nanotechnology has emerged as a promise to improve the bioavailability of the natural compounds, there are still limited clinical trials performed for their application with various challenges required for the pre-clinical and clinical trials, such as production at an industrial level, assurance of nanotherapeutics long-term stability, physiological barriers and safety and regulatory issues. This review highlights the most recent advances in the nanocarriers for natural compounds secreted from plants, bacteria, fungi, and marine organisms, as well as their role on cell signaling pathways for anticancer treatments. Additionally, the clinical status and the main challenges regarding the natural compounds loaded in nanocarriers for clinical applications were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Andreani
- Chemistry Research Centre (CIQUP) and Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Inov4Agro, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ruoyu Cheng
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute Groningen (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Khalil Elbadri
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claudio Ferro
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.Ulisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Thacilla Menezes
- Chemistry Research Centre (CIQUP) and Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mayara R Dos Santos
- Chemistry Research Centre (CIQUP) and Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Pereira
- Chemistry Research Centre (CIQUP) and Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute Groningen (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Shah D, Bhattacharya S, Gupta GL, Hatware KV, Jain A, Manthalkar L, Phatak N, Sreelaya P. d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate surface scaffold polysarcosine based polymeric nanoparticles of enzalutamide for the treatment of colorectal cancer: In vitro, in vivo characterizations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25172. [PMID: 38333874 PMCID: PMC10850913 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, Enzalutamide (ENZ) loaded Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) nanoparticles coated with polysarcosine and d-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were prepared using a three-step modified nanoprecipitation method combined with self-assembly. A three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design was implemented with Design-Expert® software to evaluate the impact of three independent variables on particle size, zeta potential, and percent entrapment efficiency through a numeric optimization approach. The results were corroborated with ANOVA analysis, regression equations, and response surface plots. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope images revealed nanosized, spherical polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) with a size distribution ranging from 178.9 ± 2.3 to 212.8 ± 0.7 nm, a zeta potential of 12.6 ± 0.8 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 71.2 ± 0.7 %. The latter increased with higher polymer concentration. Increased polymer concentration and homogenization speed also enhanced drug entrapment efficiency. In vitro drug release was 85 ± 22.5 %, following the Higuchi model (R2 = 0.98) and Fickian diffusion (n < 0.5). In vitro cytotoxicity assessments, including Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Estimation, Apoptosis analysis, cell cycle analysis, Reactive oxygen species estimation, Wound healing assay, DNA fragmentation assay, and IC50 evaluation with Sulforhodamine B assay, indicated low toxicity and high efficacy of polymeric nanoparticles compared to the drug alone. In vivo studies demonstrated biocompatibility and target specificity. The findings suggest that TPGS surface-scaffolded polysarcosine-based polymer nanoparticles of ENZ could be a promising and safe delivery system with sustained release for colorectal cancer treatment, yielding improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Girdhari Lal Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Ketan Vinayakrao Hatware
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Jalan Jalil Perkasa 1, Bukit Jalil, 57700 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arinjay Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Laxmi Manthalkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Niraj Phatak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Putrevu Sreelaya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
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Parsaei M, Akhbari K, Tylianakis E, Froudakis GE. Effects of Fluorinated Functionalization of Linker on Quercetin Encapsulation, Release and Hela Cell Cytotoxicity of Cu-Based MOFs as Smart pH-Stimuli Nanocarriers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202301630. [PMID: 37581254 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Controlled delivery of target molecules is required in many medical and chemical applications. For such purposes, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which possess desirable features such as high porosity, large surface area, and adjustable functionalities, hold great potential as drug carriers. Herein, Quercetin (QU), as an anticancer drug, was loaded on Cu2 (BDC)2 (DABCO) and Cu2 (F4 BDC)2 )DABCO) MOFs (BDC=1,4-benzenedicarboxylate and DABCO=1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane). As these Cu-MOFs have a high surface area, an appropriate pore size, and biocompatible ingredients, they can be utilized to deliver QU. The loading efficiency of QU in these MOFs was 49.5 % and 41.3 %, respectively. The drug-loaded compounds displayed sustained drug release over 15 days, remarkably high drug loading capacities and pH-controlled release behavior. The prepared nanostructures were characterized by different characterization technics including FT-IR, PXRD, ZP, TEM, FE-SEM, UV-vis, and BET. In addition, MTT assays were carried out on the HEK-293 and HeLa cell lines to investigate cytotoxicity. Cellular apoptosis analysis was performed to investigate the cell death mechanisms. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to analyze the interactions between MOFs and QU. Moreover, the stability of MOFs was also investigated during and after the drug release process. Ultimately, kinetic models of drug release were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Parsaei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Akhbari
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emmanuel Tylianakis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Voutes Campus, University of Crete, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George E Froudakis
- Department of Chemistry, Voutes Campus, University of Crete, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Attar ES, Chaudhari VH, Deokar CG, Dyawanapelly S, Devarajan PV. Nano Drug Delivery Strategies for an Oral Bioenhanced Quercetin Formulation. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:495-514. [PMID: 37523008 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been credited with a wide spectrum of therapeutic properties. However, the oral use of quercetin is limited due to its poor water solubility, low bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and rapid plasma clearance. Quercetin has been studied extensively when used with various nanodelivery systems for enhancing quercetin bioavailability. To enhance its oral bioavailability and efficacy, various quercetin-loaded nanosystems such as nanosuspensions, polymer nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, emulsions, liposomes or phytosomes, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and other lipid-based nanoparticles have been investigated in in-vitro cells, in-vivo animal models, and humans. Among the aforementioned nanosystems, quercetin phytosomes are attracting more interest and are available on the market. The present review covers insights into the possibilities of harnessing quercetin for several therapeutic applications and a special focus on anticancer applications and the clinical benefits of nanoquercetin formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha S Attar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Vanashree H Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Chaitanya G Deokar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India.
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5
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Lotfi N, Yousefi Z, Golabi M, Khalilian P, Ghezelbash B, Montazeri M, Shams MH, Baghbadorani PZ, Eskandari N. The potential anti-cancer effects of quercetin on blood, prostate and lung cancers: An update. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1077531. [PMID: 36926328 PMCID: PMC10011078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1077531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by abnormal proliferation of cells and aberrant recognition of the immune system. According to recent studies, natural products are most likely to be effective at preventing cancer without causing any noticeable complications. Among the bioactive flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables, quercetin is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This review aims to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of quercetin on some different types of cancers including blood, lung and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Lotfi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Yousefi
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Marjan Golabi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvin Khalilian
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ghezelbash
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Montazeri
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Shams
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Majumder D, Roychoudhry S, Kundu S, Dey SK, Saha C. Hydrophobic quercetin encapsulated hemoglobin nanoparticles: formulation and spectroscopic characterization. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:9860-9869. [PMID: 34096466 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1936181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Various natural proteins are finding application in drug delivery for their high biodegradability and biocompatibility. Albumins are well explored and now focus is shifting to other proteins like hemoglobin (Hb) with unique structural properties. In the present study Hb is allowed to denature at pH 5.0 and model hydrophobic drug quercetin (Q) is encapsulated via self-assembly and hydrophobic interactions. Fluorimetric titrations record highest binding between Hb and Q at pH 5.0, rendering significant structural changes in Hb as captured in CD spectra. A decrease in fluorescence life time of tryptophan residues from 3.31 ns in Hb to 2.89 ns in presence of Q at pH 5.0; surmises efficient binding of Q at the hydrophobic core housing tryptophan. Peak shifts in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra of Hb-Q compared to Hb evidence significant interactions between them at pH 5.0. Significant spectral changes in soret band region of Hb on addition of Q at pH 5.0 envisages unfolding of porphyrin ring and binding influence of Q. Efficient formation of Hb-Q nanoparticles (NPs) at pH 5.0 is established by DLS, SEM and TEM.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Majumder
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, Kolkata, India.,bDepartment of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, Kolkata, India
| | - Shaon Roychoudhry
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, Kolkata, India.,bDepartment of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, Kolkata, India
| | - Somashree Kundu
- UGC DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Kolkata, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Dey
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, Kolkata, India.,bDepartment of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, Kolkata, India
| | - Chabita Saha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, Kolkata, India.,bDepartment of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, Kolkata, India
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Osonga FJ, Eshun GB, Sadik OA. Ligand effect on controlling the synthesis of branched gold nanomaterials against fusarium wilt diseases. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31855-31868. [PMID: 36380935 PMCID: PMC9639171 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05478g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread wilt disease caused by Fusarium solani spp is a pressing problem affecting crop production and intensive farming. Strategic biocontrol of Fusarium solani spp using phytochemical mediated nano-materials is eco-friendly compared to harsh synthetic fungicides. The present study demonstrates the comparative dose effects of QPABA-derived branched gold nanomaterial (AuNF) and quercetin-mediated spherical gold nanoparticles (s-AuNPs) against Fusarium solani spp. Quercetin-para aminobenzoic acid (QPABA) was synthesized using reductive amination by reacting para-aminobenzoic acid with quercetin in an eco-friendly solvent at 25 °C. The structure elucidation was confirmed using 1H and 13C-NMR. TLC analysis showed that QPABA (R f = 0.628) was more polar in water than quercetin (R f = 0.714). The as-synthesized QPABA serves as a reducing and capping agent for the synthesis of gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) and gold nanostars (AuNSs). The UV-vis, XRD, and TEM confirmed the SPR peak of gold (550 nm) and gold element with a particle size distribution of 20-80 nm for the nanostars respectively. AuNFs exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) inhibitory effect against F. solani in a dose-dependent manner using Agar well diffusion. Nevertheless, spherical-AuNPs were not effective against F. solani. The inhibitory effect was influenced by the size, dose treatment, and particle shape. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of AuNFs was 125.7 ± 0.22 μg mL-1. Our results indicate that AuNFs show considerable antifungal activity against F. solani as compared to spherical AuNPs. This study shows a greener synthesis of gold anisotropic nanostructures using QPAB, which holds promise for the treatment of fungal pathogens impacting agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J Osonga
- BioSensor Materials for Advanced Research and Technology (The BioSMART Center), Chemistry and Environmental Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights 161 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Gaddi B Eshun
- BioSensor Materials for Advanced Research and Technology (The BioSMART Center), Chemistry and Environmental Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights 161 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Omowunmi A Sadik
- BioSensor Materials for Advanced Research and Technology (The BioSMART Center), Chemistry and Environmental Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights 161 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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Preparation, physicochemical characterization, and bioactivity evaluation of berberine-entrapped albumin nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17431. [PMID: 36261663 PMCID: PMC9581884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid with several clinical therapeutic applications. Its low water solubility, absorption, and cellular bioavailability diminish BBR's therapeutic efficacy. In this study, BBR was encapsulated into bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA NPs) core to reduce BBR limitations and enhance its clinical therapeutic properties. Several physicochemical characterization tools, such as Dynamic Light Scattering and Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopic measurements, field emission transmission electron microscopy surface morphology, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, thermal stability analysis, and releasing studies, were used to evaluate the BBR-BSA NPs. Compared to BBR, BBR-BSA nanoparticles demonstrated superior free radical scavenging and antioxidant capacities, anti-hemolytic and anticoagulant efficacies, and antimicrobial activities, as demonstrated by the findings of the in vitro studies. Furthermore, a stressed pancreatic rat model was induced using a high-fat, high-sucrose diet plus carbon tetrachloride injection. The in vivo results revealed that BBR-BSA NPs substantially restored peripheral glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Oral administration of BBR-BSA NPs also improved pancreatic β-cells homeostasis, upregulated pancreatic antioxidant mechanisms, inhibited oxidants generation, and attenuated oxidative injury in the stressed pancreatic tissues. In conclusion, our in vitro and in vivo results confirmed that BBR-BSA NPs demonstrated more potent antioxidant properties and restored pancreatic homeostasis compared to BBR.
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Krishnaswami V, Sugumaran A, Perumal V, Manavalan M, Kondeti DP, Basha SK, Ahmed MA, Kumar M, Vijayaraghavalu S. Nanoformulations - Insights Towards Characterization Techniques. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1330-1344. [PMID: 35996238 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220822094248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-loaded novel nanoformulations are gaining importance due to their versatile properties compared to conventional pharmaceutical formulations. Nanomaterials, apart from their multifactorial benefits, have a wider scope in the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of cancer. Understanding the chemistry of drug-loaded nano-formulations to elicit its behaviour both at molecular and systemic levels is critical in the present scenario. Drug-loaded nanoformulations are controlled by their size, shape, surface chemistry, and release behavior. The major pharmaceutical drug loaded nanocarriers reported for anticancer drug delivery for the treatment of various forms of cancers such as lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, etc include nanoparticles, nanospheres, nanodispersions, nanocapsules, nanomicelles, cubosomes, nanoemulsions, liposomes and niosomes. The major objectives in designing anticancer drug-loaded nanoformulations are to manage the particle size/morphology correlating with the drug release to fulfil the specific objectives. Hence, nano characterizations are very critical both at in vitro and in vivo levels. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this review paper is to summarise the major characterization techniques used for the characterization of drug-loaded nanoformulations. Even though information on characterization techniques of various nano-formulations is available in the literature, it is scattered. The proposed review will provide a comprehensive understanding of nanocharacterization techniques. CONCLUSION To conclude, the proposed review will provide insights towards the different nano characterization techniques along with their recent updates, such as particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in vitro release studies (chromatographic HPLC, HPTLC, and LC-MS/MS analysis), EPR analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermal analysis, rheometric, morphological analysis etc. Additionally, the challenges encountered by the nano characterization techniques will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateshwaran Krishnaswami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abimanyu Sugumaran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesan Perumal
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Murugan Manavalan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Noorul Islam Center for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Durga Prasad Kondeti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayana College of Pharmacy, Nellore 524003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shaik Kamil Basha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayana College of Pharmacy, Nellore 524003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammed Akmal Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayana College of Pharmacy, Nellore 524003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Munish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
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Kumar R, Dkhar DS, Kumari R, Supratim Mahapatra D, Srivastava A, Dubey VK, Chandra P. Ligand conjugated lipid-based nanocarriers for cancer theranostics. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:3022-3043. [PMID: 35950676 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major health-related issues affecting the population worldwide and subsequently accounts for the second-largest death. Genetic and epigenetic modifications in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes affect the regulatory systems that lead to the initiation and progression of cancer. Conventional methods, including chemotherapy/radiotherapy/appropriate combinational therapy and surgery, are being widely used for theranostics of cancer patients. Surgery is useful in treating localized tumors, but it is ineffective in treating metastatic tumors, which spread to other organs and result in a high recurrence rate and death. Also, the therapeutic application of free drugs is related to substantial issues such as poor absorption, solubility, bioavailability, high degradation rate, short shelf-life, and low therapeutic index. Therefore, these issues can be sorted out using nano lipid-based carriers (NLBCs) as promising drug delivery carriers. Still, at most, they fail to achieve site targeted drug delivery and detection. This can be achieved by selecting a specific ligand/antibody for its cognate receptor molecule expressed on the surface of cancer cell. In this review, we have mainly discussed the various types of ligands used to decorate NLBCs. A list of the ligands used to design nanocarriers to target malignant cells has been extensively undertaken. The approved ligand decorated lipid-based nanomedicines with their clinical status has been explained in tabulated form to provide a wider scope to the readers regarding ligand coupled NLBCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Daphika S Dkhar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Rohini Kumari
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Divya Supratim Mahapatra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ananya Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Vikash Kumar Dubey
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
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11
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Lipid based nanocarriers: Production techniques, concepts, and commercialization aspect. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Nguyen‐Huu A, Le NTT, Yen PND, Ching YC, Nguyen DH. Self‐assembly of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐cholesterol micelles for controlled quercetin delivery with toxicity test in
Danio rerio
model. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anh‐Minh Nguyen‐Huu
- Institute of Applied Materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
- Department of Biotechnology International University‐Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Thuy Trang Le
- Institute of Applied Materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Ha Noi Vietnam
| | - Pham Nguyen Dong Yen
- Institute of Applied Materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
| | - Yern Chee Ching
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Dai Hai Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Ha Noi Vietnam
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Ferreira M, Costa D, Sousa Â. Flavonoids-Based Delivery Systems towards Cancer Therapies. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:197. [PMID: 35621475 PMCID: PMC9137930 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Cervical cancer, for instance, is considered a major scourge in low-income countries. Its development is mostly associated with the human papillomavirus persistent infection and despite the availability of preventive vaccines, they are only widely administered in more developed countries, thus leaving a large percentage of unvaccinated women highly susceptible to this type of cancer. Current treatments are based on invasive techniques, being far from effective. Therefore, the search for novel, advanced and personalized therapeutic approaches is imperative. Flavonoids belong to a group of natural polyphenolic compounds, well recognized for their great anticancer capacity, thus promising to be incorporated in cancer therapy protocols. However, their use is limited due to their low solubility, stability and bioavailability. To surpass these limitations, the encapsulation of flavonoids into delivery systems emerged as a valuable strategy to improve their stability and bioavailability. In this context, the aim of this review is to present the most reliable flavonoids-based delivery systems developed for anticancer therapies and the progress accomplished, with a special focus on cervical cancer therapy. The gathered information revealed the high therapeutic potential of flavonoids and highlights the relevance of delivery systems application, allowing a better understanding for future studies on effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI—Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI—Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
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Rathee J, Kaur A, Kanwar R, Kaushik D, Kumar R, Salunke DB, Mehta S. Polymeric Nanoparticles as a Promising Drug Delivery Platform for the Efficacious Delivery of Toll-Like Receptor 7/8 Agonists and IDO-Inhibitor. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Nguyen VT, Doan P, Nguyen DT, Doan VD, Dao TP, Plavskii V, Nguyen BT, Tran NQ. Effect of targeting ligand designation of self-assembly chitosan-poloxamer nanogels loaded Paclitacel on inhibiting MCF-7 cancer cell growth. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 33:426-442. [PMID: 34641768 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1992587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated two formulations of chitosan-Pluronic P123 with different folate ligand designation for targeted delivery of Paclitaxel (PTX), in which folic acid (FA) was directly conjugated to chitosan (FA-Cs-P123) or substituted onto P123 (Cs-P123-FA). The results showed that the FA content of Cs-P123-FA was determined at 0.71 wt/wt% which was significantly higher than that of FA-Cs-P123 (0.31 wt/wt%). Two copolymers were low critical gel concentrations (CGC). FA-Cs-P123 and Cs-P123-FA nanogels performed high PTX encapsulation efficiency reaching 95.57 ± 5.51 and 92.51 ± 6.68 wt/wt%, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential analysis indicated that the PTX-loaded nanogels were spherically formed around 60 nm in diameter along with positive charge. Furthermore, the PTX release profile was slow and it was controlled by the pH of the medium. In particular, in vitro biocompatibility assays indicated that both FA-Cs-P123 and Cs-P123-FA exhibited good biological compatibility with a human foreskin fibroblast cell line and well uptake efficiency into MCF-7 cancer cells. Cs-P123-FA nanogel significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of PTX in comparison with FA-Cs-P123. The result indicates that Cs-P123-FA nanogels with a higher decorated FA content perform a better targeting efficiency; therefore, they could have great potential application towards breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Toan Nguyen
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Natural Science, Duy Tan University, Da Nang city, Vietnam.,Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Doan
- Institute of Applied Materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, HCMC, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Trung Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, HCMC, Vietnam
| | - Van-Dat Doan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tan Phat Dao
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vitalii Plavskii
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Bich Tram Nguyen
- Department of Natural Science, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Quyen Tran
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Institute of Applied Materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, HCMC, Vietnam
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Parhi B, Bharatiya D, Swain SK. Application of quercetin flavonoid based hybrid nanocomposites: A review. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1719-1732. [PMID: 33424263 PMCID: PMC7783214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural bioflavonoids are an essential component of dietary supplements possessing antimicrobial properties. Many of the bioflavonoids have resulted in positive antitumor, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory properties, but the efficacy remains low due to toxicity at the molecular level whereas antiviral property limits to negative. The synergistic link between nanoscience and flavonoid chemistry enhances the epidemiological properties of flavonoid and also diminish the antimicrobial resistivity (AMR) by forming their hybrid nanocomposites. Nanochemistry uses various nanocomposite and nanomaterials for biosensing the flavonoids and their delivery as a drug. The quercetin flavonoid and its derivatives such as rutin, and myricetin are used for sensing and drug delivery. Quercetin with 15Carbon-5Hydroxyl chemical scaffold has been explored for a few decades for the development of hybrid nanocomposite and nanomaterial with metallic as well as organic nano co-composites. This quercetin flavonoid based hybrid nanocomposites seemed to show a significant effect on In vitro and some animal model processes along with attenuating lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation, and capillary permeability actions. This review mainly focused on the hybrid nanoscience of quercetin bioflavonoid and its application in numerous biological, material fields with a future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Parhi
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur 768018, India
| | - Debasrita Bharatiya
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur 768018, India
| | - Sarat K Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur 768018, India
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17
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Abstract
Quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is a naturally derived flavonoid that is commonly found in fruits and vegetables. There is mounting evidence to suggest that quercetin has potential anticancer effects and appears to interact synergistically when used in combination with approved chemotherapeutic agents such as irinotecan and cisplatin. Unfortunately, quercetin has shown limited clinical utility, partly due to low bioavailability related to its poor aqueous solutions (< 10 μg/mL). In this study, liposomal formulations of quercetin were developed by exploiting quercetin's ability to bind copper. Quercetin powder was added directly to pre-formed copper-containing liposomes (2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) and cholesterol (CHOL) (55:45 M ratio)). As a function of time and temperature, the formation of copper-quercetin was measured. Using this methodology, a final quercetin-to-lipid (mol:mol) ratio of 0.2 was achievable and solutions containing quercetin at concentrations of > 5 mg/mL were attained, representing at least a > 100-fold increase in apparent solubility. The resulting formulation was suitable for intravenous dosing with no overt toxicities when administered at doses of 50 mg/kg in mice. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the copper-quercetin formulations had an AUC0-24H of 8382.1 μg h/mL when administered to mice at 50 mg/kg. These studies suggested that quercetin (not copper-quercetin) dissociates from the liposomes after administration. The resulting formulation is suitable for further development and also serves as a proof-of-concept for formulating other flavonoids and flavonoid-like compounds. Given that quercetin exhibits an IC50 of >10 μM when tested against cancer cell lines, we believe that the utility of this novel quercetin formulation for cancer indications will ultimately be as a component of a combination product.
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Nguyen DD, Luo LJ, Lai JY. Effects of shell thickness of hollow poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles on sustained drug delivery for pharmacological treatment of glaucoma. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:302-315. [PMID: 32428681 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Structural designing of carriers with extended drug release profiles is critically important for achieving long-acting drug delivery systems toward efficient managements of chronic diseases. Here, we present a strategy to exploit the effects of the shell thickness of hollow poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles (HPLA NPs) in sustained glaucoma therapy. Formulations based on pilocarpine-loaded HPLA NPs with tailorable shell thickness ranging from 10 to 100 nm were shown to be highly compatible with human lens epithelial cells in vitro and with rabbit eyes in vivo. Specifically, shell thickness regulated the release of pilocarpine, with thick shells (~70 to 100 nm) providing sustained drug release performance but limited drug-loading efficiency, whereas ultrathin shells (~10 nm) induced the opposite effects. Remarkably, moderately thick shells (~40 nm) showed the most effective release profile of pilocarpine (above the therapeutic levels of ~10 µg/mL for over 56 days). In a rabbit model of glaucoma, single intracameral administration of an HPLA NP-based formulation with shell thickness of ~40 nm sustainably alleviated ocular hypertension for over 56 days, consequently protecting the structural integrity of the corneal endothelium, preserving the electrophysiological functions of the retina, and attenuating retinal and optic nerve degeneration in progressively glaucomatous eyes. The findings therefore implied a promising use of shell thickness effects in the development of long-acting drug delivery systems for pharmacological treatment of chronic ocular diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Owing to their large surface areas and modifiable structures, nanoparticles have been considered as a promising platform for drug delivery; however, achieving drug nanocarrier systems with reduced burst release and sustained therapeutic efficacy remains challenges. This work presents the first report on rational design of hollow poly(lactic acid) nanocarriers for tailoring the structure-property-function relationships toward effective treatment of glaucoma. The shell thickness of the hollow nanocarriers is demonstrated to have influential impacts on pilocarpine encapsulation efficiency and release profile, indicating that the most sustained delivery performance (maintaining the release of pilocarpine above therapeutic level over 56 days) can be obtained for the polymeric nanoparticles with moderate shell thickness of ~40 nm.
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19
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Shim H, Sah H. Assessment of Residual Solvent and Drug in PLGA Microspheres by Derivative Thermogravimetry. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070626. [PMID: 32635484 PMCID: PMC7407183 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermogravimetry does not give specific information on residual organic solvents in polymeric matrices unless it is hyphenated with the so-called evolved gas analysis. The purpose of this study was to apply, for the first time, derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) to characterize a residual solvent and a drug in poly-d,l-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microspheres. Ethyl formate, an ICH class 3 solvent, was used to encapsulate progesterone into microspheres. DTG provided a distinct peak, displaying the onset and end temperatures at which ethyl formate started to evolve from to where it completely escaped out of the microspheres. DTG also gave the area and height of the solvent peak, as well as the temperature of the highest mass change rate of the microspheres. These derivative parameters allowed for the measurement of the amount of residual ethyl formate in the microspheres. Interestingly, progesterone affected not only the residual solvent amount but also these derivative parameters. Another intriguing finding was that there was a linear relationship between progesterone content and the peak height of ethyl formate. The residual solvent data calculated by DTG were quite comparable to those measured by gas chromatography. In summary, DTG could be an efficient and practical quality control tool to evaluate residual solvents and drugs in various polymeric matrices.
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20
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Salehi B, Machin L, Monzote L, Sharifi-Rad J, Ezzat SM, Salem MA, Merghany RM, El Mahdy NM, Kılıç CS, Sytar O, Sharifi-Rad M, Sharopov F, Martins N, Martorell M, Cho WC. Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin: New Insights and Perspectives for Human Health. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11849-11872. [PMID: 32478277 PMCID: PMC7254783 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin (Que) and its derivatives are naturally occurring phytochemicals with promising bioactive effects. The antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-Alzheimer's, antiarthritic, cardiovascular, and wound-healing effects of Que have been extensively investigated, as well as its anticancer activity against different cancer cell lines has been recently reported. Que and its derivatives are found predominantly in the Western diet, and people might benefit from their protective effect just by taking them via diets or as a food supplement. Bioavailability-related drug-delivery systems of Que have also been markedly exploited, and Que nanoparticles appear as a promising platform to enhance their bioavailability. The present review aims to provide a brief overview of the therapeutic effects, new insights, and upcoming perspectives of Que.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student
Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran
| | - Laura Machin
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Parasitology
Department, Institute of Medicine Tropical
Pedro Kourí, Havana, Cuba
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry
Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran
| | - Shahira M. Ezzat
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo
University, Kasr El-Aini
Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October
University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th October 12566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Salem
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia
University, Gamal Abd
El Nasr st., Shibin Elkom, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Rana M. Merghany
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Nihal M. El Mahdy
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October 12566, Egypt
| | - Ceyda Sibel Kılıç
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska str., 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak
University of Agriculture, Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra 94976, Slovak Republic
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department
of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University
of Porto, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
- Institute
for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy,
and Centre
for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad
de Desarrollo Tecnológico,
UDT, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - William C. Cho
- Department
of Clinical Oncology, Queen
Elizabeth Hospital, 30
Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong
Kong
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21
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LHRH-conjugated, PEGylated, poly-lactide-co-glycolide nanocapsules for targeted delivery of combinational chemotherapeutic drugs Docetaxel and Quercetin for prostate cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 114:111035. [PMID: 32994029 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in effective cancer chemotherapy is the severe systemic cytotoxicities of anticancer drugs on healthy tissues. The present study reports chemically modified polymeric nanocapsules (NCs) encapsulating combination of chemotherapeutic drugs Docetaxel (DTX) and Quercetin (QU) for its active targeting to prostate cancer (PCa). The active targeting was achieved by conjugating Luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) ligand to poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a spacer. The structure of the conjugates was characterized and confirmed using 1H NMR and ATR-FTIR. The drug encapsulated NCs showed a homogenous size distribution with their size ranging between 120 and 150 nm, and exhibited a negative zeta potential in the range of -20 to -40 mV. The in vitro release studies highlighted the sustained drug release pattern from the respective NCs; while the PEG coating to polymeric NCs provided serum stability to the NCs. The in vitro biological evaluation of the NCs was conducted using PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines. The results of the cellular uptake studies showed a significantly higher untake of the LHRH targeted NCs, while the LHRH-targeted-PEGylated DTX: QU NCs exhibited higher caspase-3 activity. The cell viability assay results showed the enhanced cell inhibition activity of the combinatorial DTX: QU when compared to individual DTX. Further, higher cell cytotoxicity was achieved by LHRH-targeted DTX: QU NCs as compared to their free-form or non-targeted NCs. Finally, the results of in vivo tumor localization and in vivo antitumor activity studies complimented and upheld the in vitro results, demonstrating the beneficial role of PLGA-PEG-LHRH NCs encapsulating combination of DTX and QU in combating prostate cancer (PCa).
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Das A, Konyak PM, Das A, Dey SK, Saha C. Physicochemical characterization of dual action liposomal formulations: anticancer and antimicrobial. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02372. [PMID: 31497672 PMCID: PMC6722287 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer till date remains one of the world's most life threatening disease accompanied by risk of secondary infections. Therefore formulations carrying anticancer drugs which can also decrease the risk of secondary infection are inevitable. Chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin along with flavonoids quercetin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is simultaneously loaded on liposomal formulation exploiting the amphiphilic property of the liposomes. Results Atomic force microscope imaging reveal the size of liposomal formulation loaded with doxorubicin, quercetin and EGCG to be greater than void liposome confirming the presence of drugs. Liposomal stability is improved by PEGylation; adding to the drug release time in vitro. The charge of phosphatidylcholine is rendered positive by coating the formulation with histone. The average size of the formulation is 342 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin, quercetin and EGCG is found to be 65.8%, 96.8% and 98% respectively. The above formulation demonstrated both anticancer and antimicrobial activity. Conclusion The formulation will provide dual anticancer and antimicrobial therapy thereby evading secondary infection in cancer patients along with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, NH-12, Simhat, Haringhata, Nadia- 741249 and BF-142, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700 064, India
| | - Pangwan M Konyak
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, NH-12, Simhat, Haringhata, Nadia- 741249 and BF-142, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700 064, India
| | - Argha Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, NH-12, Simhat, Haringhata, Nadia- 741249 and BF-142, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700 064, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, NH-12, Simhat, Haringhata, Nadia- 741249 and BF-142, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700 064, India
| | - Chabita Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, NH-12, Simhat, Haringhata, Nadia- 741249 and BF-142, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700 064, India
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Aderibigbe B, Mhlwatika Z, Nwamadi M, Balogun M, Matshe W. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro analysis of polymer-based conjugates containing dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tao X, Tao T, Wen Y, Yi J, He L, Huang Z, Nie Y, Yao X, Wang Y, He C, Yang X. Novel Delivery of Mitoxantrone with Hydrophobically Modified Pullulan Nanoparticles to Inhibit Bladder Cancer Cell and the Effect of Nano-drug Size on Inhibition Efficiency. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:345. [PMID: 30377872 PMCID: PMC6207605 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the dosage of chemotherapeutic drugs via enhancing the delivery efficiency using novel nanoparticles has great potential for cancer treatment. Here, we focused on improving mitoxantrone delivery by using cholesterol-substituted pullulan polymers (CHPs) and selected a suitable nano-drug size to inhibit the growth of bladder cancer cells. We synthesized three kinds of CHPs, named CHP-1, CHP-2, CHP-3. Their chemical structures were identified by NMR, and the degree of cholesterol substitution was 6.82%, 5.78%, and 2.74%, respectively. Their diameters were 86.4, 162.30, and 222.28 nm. We tested the release rate of mitoxantrone in phosphate-buffered saline for 48 h: the release rate was 38.73%, 42.35%, and 58.89% for the three CHPs. The hydrophobic substitution degree in the polymer was associated with the self-assembly process of the nanoparticles, which affected their size and therefore drug release rate. The release of the three drug-loaded nanoparticles was significantly accelerated in acid release media. The larger the nanoparticle, the greater the drug release velocity. At 24 h, the IC50 value was 0.25 M, for the best inhibition of mitoxantrone on bladder cancer cells.3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) experiments demonstrated that drug-loaded CHP-3 nanoparticles with the largest size were the most toxic to bladder cancer cells. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry revealed that drug-loaded CHP-3 nanoparticles with the largest size had the strongest effect on promoting apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. Also, the three drug-loaded nanoparticles could all inhibit the migration of MB49 cells, with large-size CHP-3 nanoparticles having the most powerful inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province and Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Ting Tao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province and Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Yi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province and Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Jiajin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province and Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Lihua He
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province and Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Zixuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province and Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Yu Nie
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province and Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Xiaoyan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province and Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province and Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Chunlian He
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province and Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province and Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013 China
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Piorecka K, Kurjata J, Stanczyk M, Stanczyk WA. Synthetic routes to nanomaterials containing anthracyclines: noncovalent systems. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2552-2565. [PMID: 30140825 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00739j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy still constitutes a basic treatment for various types of cancer. Anthracyclines are effective antineoplastic drugs that are widely used in clinical practice. Unfortunately, they are characterized by high systemic toxicity and lack of tumour selectivity. A promising way to enhance treatment effectiveness and reduce toxicity is the synthesis of systems containing anthracyclines either in the form of complexes for the encapsulation of active drugs or their covalent conjugates with inert carriers. In this respect nanotechnology offers an extensive spectrum of possible solutions. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the development of anthracycline prodrugs based on nanocarriers such as copolymers, lipids, DNA, and inorganic systems. The review focuses on the chemical architecture of the noncovalent nanocarrier-drug systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Piorecka
- Department of Engineering of Polymer Materials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
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Down‐regulation of intracellular anti‐apoptotic proteins, particularly c‐FLIP by therapeutic agents; the novel view to overcome resistance to TRAIL. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6470-6485. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Liu K, Chen W, Yang T, Wen B, Ding D, Keidar M, Tang J, Zhang W. Paclitaxel and quercetin nanoparticles co-loaded in microspheres to prolong retention time for pulmonary drug delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:8239-8255. [PMID: 29180863 PMCID: PMC5691910 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s147028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High drug resistance, poor water solubility, short half-life, and low local drug concentration are obstacles for successful delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs for lung cancer. A new method involving the use of nanoparticles (NPs) for pulmonary delivery is proposed. However, use of NPs is limited by the particle size range for pulmonary drug delivery considering that NPs cannot be deposited directly into the lungs. NPs polymerized into microspheres (polymeric microspheres, PMs) will result in suitable particle sizes and retain the advantages of nanodrugs after redispersion when applied in pulmonary delivery. We report the development of novel NPs in the form of PMs loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) and quercetin (QUE) double drugs based on the synthesis of oleic acid-conjugated chitosan (OA-CTS) for pulmonary delivery. This approach is aimed toward prolonging PTX retention time in the presence of QUE and bypassing P-glycoprotein drug efflux pumps. NPs loaded with PTX or QUE were prepared with 11% substitution degree using OA-CTS as the carrier by ionic cross-linking method, which NPs loaded with PTX or QUE were used in the preparation of PMs by spray-drying. The diameters of the PMs ranged from 1 to 5 μm which had uniform size range. Scanning electron microscopy showed that PMs were polymers formed by a large number of NPs and readily redispersed (after redispersion, size of NPs ranged between 250 and 350 nm) in water within 1 h. PMs displayed slow-release characteristics at pH 4.5 and 7.4. The in vivo pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies suggested that PMs exhibit prolonged circulation time and a markedly high accumulation in the lung. The obtained results indicate that PMs can serve as a promising pulmonary delivery system for combined pharmacotherapy using hydrophobic anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang
| | - Weijuan Chen
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Shouguang, Shouguang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang
| | - Baofang Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang
| | - Dejun Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang
| | - Michael Keidar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jinbao Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang
| | - Weifen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang
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Kavithaa K, Sumathi S, Padma PR. Intracellular Uptake of PEG-Funtionalized Baicalein Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Regulates Apoptotic Genes in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells: Mitochondrial Pathway Targeted Therapy for Breast Cancer. J CLUST SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-017-1204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sudha T, Bharali DJ, Yalcin M, Darwish NHE, Coskun MD, Keating KA, Lin HY, Davis PJ, Mousa SA. Targeted delivery of cisplatin to tumor xenografts via the nanoparticle component of nano-diamino-tetrac. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:195-205. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Nano-diamino-tetrac (NDAT) targets a receptor on integrin αvβ3; αvβ3 is generously expressed by cancer cells and dividing endothelial cells and to a small extent by nonmalignant cells. The tetrac (tetraiodothyroacetic acid) of NDAT is covalently bound to a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle that encapsulates anticancer drugs. We report NDAT delivery efficiency of cisplatin to agent-susceptible urinary bladder cancer xenografts. Materials & methods: Cisplatin-loaded NDAT (NDAT-cisplatin) was administered to xenograft-bearing nude mice. Tumor size response and drug content were measured. Results: Intratumoral drug concentration was up to fivefold higher (p < 0.001) in NDAT-cisplatin-exposed lesions than with conventional systemic administration. Tumor volume reduction achieved was NDAT-cisplatin > NDAT without cisplatin > cisplatin alone. Conclusion: NDAT markedly enhances cisplatin delivery to urinary bladder cancer xenografts and increases drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangirala Sudha
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Dhruba J Bharali
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Murat Yalcin
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Noureldien HE Darwish
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
- Clinical Pathology Department, Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahliya 35516, Egypt
| | - Melis Debreli Coskun
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Uludag University, Gorukle, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Kelly A Keating
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science & Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Paul J Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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Agarwal M, Sahoo AK, Bose B. Receptor-Mediated Enhanced Cellular Delivery of Nanoparticles Using Recombinant Receptor-Binding Domain of Diphtheria Toxin. Mol Pharm 2016; 14:23-30. [PMID: 27959571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies and peptides are often used to home nanoparticles (NPs) to specific cells. Here in this work, we have used recombinant receptor-binding domain of diphtheria toxin (RDT) as a homing molecule for NPs. Diphtheria toxin binds to heparin binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) through its receptor-binding domain. HB-EGF is often overexpressed as cell surface molecule in various types of cancer. We have prepared monodispersed, spherical PLGA NPs and coated these NPs with RDT. These NPs are characterized by FESEM and FT-IR spectroscopy. Using flow cytometry and fluorescence spectroscopy, we show that coating with RDT increases cellular uptake of PLGA NPs. We further show that RDT-coated nanoparticles are internalized through clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis that can be reduced by specific inhibitor. These RDT-coated nanoparticles (RDT-NP) were further used for preferential delivery of Irinotecan, a chemotherapeutic agent, to cells overexpressing HB-EGF. We show that receptor-mediated enhanced uptake of RDT-NPs increases the potency of irinotecan in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Agarwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Amaresh Kumar Sahoo
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Biplab Bose
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, India
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Gad A, Kydd J, Piel B, Rai P. Targeting Cancer using Polymeric Nanoparticle mediated Combination Chemotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2. [PMID: 28042613 PMCID: PMC5193385 DOI: 10.16966/2470-3206.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer forms exhibiting poor prognosis have been extensively researched for therapeutic solutions. One of the conventional modes of treatment, chemotherapy shows inadequacy in its methodology due to imminent side-effects and acquired drug-resistance by cancer cells. However, advancements in nanotechnology have opened new frontiers to significantly alleviate collateral damage caused by current treatments via innovative delivery techniques, eliminating pitfalls encountered in conventional treatments. Properties like reduced drug-clearance and increased dose efficacy by the enhanced permeability and retention effect deem nanoparticles suitable for this application. Optimization of size, surface charge and surface modifications have provided nanoparticles with stealth properties capable of evading immune responses, thus deeming them as excellent carriers of chemotherapeutic agents. Biocompatible and biodegradable forms of polymers enhance the bioavailability of chemotherapeutic agents, and permit a sustained and time-dependent release of drugs which is a characteristic of their composition, thereby providing a controlled therapeutic approach. Studies conducted in vitro and animal models have also demonstrated a synergism in cytotoxicity given the mechanism of action of anticancer drugs when administered in combination providing promising results. Combination therapy has also shown implications in overcoming multiple-drug resistance, which can however be subdued by the adaptable nature of tumor microenvironment. Surface modifications with targeting moieties can therefore feasibly increase nanoparticle uptake by specific receptor-ligand interactions, increasing dose efficacy which can seemingly overcome drug-resistance. This article reviews recent trends and investigations in employing polymeric nanoparticles for effectively delivering combination chemotherapy, and modifications in delivery parameters enhancing dose efficacy, thus validating the potential in this approach for anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Gad
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA
| | - Janel Kydd
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA
| | - Brandon Piel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell-1 University Ave, USA
| | - Prakash Rai
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell-1 University Ave, USA
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