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El-Ansary A, Al-Onazi M, Alhowikan AM, Alghamdi MA, Al-Ayadhi L. Assessment of a combination of plasma anti-histone autoantibodies and PLA2/PE ratio as potential biomarkers to clinically predict autism spectrum disorders. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13359. [PMID: 35922658 PMCID: PMC9349315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficiencies in social interaction and repetitive behaviors. Multiple studies have reported abnormal cell membrane composition and autoimmunity as known mechanisms associated with the etiopathogenesis of ASD. In this study, multiple regression and combined receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve as statistic tools were done to clarify the relationship between phospholipase A2 and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ratio (PLA2/PE) as marker of lipid metabolism and membrane fluidity, and antihistone-autoantibodies as marker of autoimmunity in the etiopathology of ASD. Furthermore, the study intended to define the linear combination that maximizes the partial area under an ROC curve for a panel of markers. Forty five children with ASD and forty age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in the study. Using ELISA, the levels of antihistone-autoantibodies, and PLA2 were measured in the plasma of both groups. PE was measured using HPLC. Statistical analyses using ROC curves and multiple and logistic regression models were performed. A notable rise in the area under the curve was detected using combined ROC curve models. Additionally, higher specificity and sensitivity of the combined markers were documented. The present study indicates that the measurement of the predictive value of selected biomarkers related to autoimmunity and lipid metabolism in children with ASD using a ROC curve analysis should lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of ASD and its link with metabolism. This information may enable the early diagnosis and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Research Laboratory, Female Center for Medical Studies and Scientific Section, King Saud University, P.O Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box. 90950, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mona Al-Onazi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mashael A Alghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box. 90950, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Al-Ayadhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Maity A. Meet Our Associate Editorial Board Member. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/138955752110210319142646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Maity
- School of Pharmaceutical Technology, Adamas University Kolkata,India
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Khatri S, Hansen J, Mendes AC, Chronakis IS, Hung SC, Mellins ED, Astakhova K. Citrullinated Peptide Epitope Targets Therapeutic Nanoparticles to Human Neutrophils. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2584-2593. [PMID: 31524379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiple drugs have been proposed for reducing harsh symptoms of human rheumatic diseases. However, a targeted therapy with mild to no side effects is still missing. In this study, we have prepared and tested a series of therapeutic nanoparticles for specific targeting of human neutrophils associated with rheumatoid arthritis. In doing this, a series of citrullinated peptide epitopes derived from human proteins, fibrinogen, vimentin, and histone 3, were screened with regard to specific recognition of neutrophils. The most potent epitope proved to be a mutated fragment of an alpha chain in human fibrinogen. Next, a straightforward synthetic strategy was developed for nanoparticles decorated with this citrullinated peptide epitope and an antisense oligonucleotide targeting disease associated microRNA miR-125b-5p. Our study shows that the nanoparticles specifically recognize neutrophils and knock down miR-125b-5p, with no apparent toxicity to human cells. In contrast to organic dendrimers, chitosan-hyaluronic acid formulations do not activate human innate immune response. Our data proves that the strategy we report herein is effective in developing peptide epitopes for decorating delivery vehicles bearing biological drugs, targeted to a specific cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Khatri
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Region Hovedstaden 2800 , Denmark
| | - Jonas Hansen
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Region Hovedstaden 2800 , Denmark.,Institute of Molecular Medicine , Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Ana C Mendes
- DTU Food , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Region Hovedstaden 2800 , Denmark
| | - Ioannis S Chronakis
- DTU Food , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Region Hovedstaden 2800 , Denmark
| | - Shu-Chen Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States of America
| | - Elizabeth D Mellins
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States of America
| | - Kira Astakhova
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Region Hovedstaden 2800 , Denmark
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