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El-Sharkawy I, Ismail A, Darwish A, El Kayal W, Subramanian J, Sherif SM. Functional characterization of a gibberellin F-box protein, PslSLY1, during plum fruit development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:371-384. [PMID: 32945838 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fruit development is orchestrated by a complex network of interactions between hormone signaling pathways. The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) is known to regulate a diverse range of developmental processes; however, the mechanisms of GA action in perennial fruit species are yet to be elucidated. In the current study, a GA signaling gene PslSLY1, encoding a putative F-box protein that belongs to the SLY1 (SLEEPY1)/GID2 (gibberellin-insensitive dwarf2) gene family, was isolated from Japanese plum (Prunus salicina). PslSLY1 transcript abundance declined as fruit development progressed, along with potential negative feedback regulation of PslSLY1 by GA. Subcellular localization and protein-protein interaction assays suggested that PslSLY1 functions as an active GA signaling component that interacts with the ASK1 (Arabidopsis SKP1) subunit of an SCF-ubiquitin ligase complex and with PslDELLA repressors, in a GA-independent manner. By using a domain omission strategy, we illustrated that the F-box and C-terminal domains of PslSLY1 are essential for its interactions with the downstream GA signaling components. PslSLY1 overexpression in wild-type and Arabidopsissly1.10 mutant backgrounds resulted in a dramatic enhancement in overall plant growth, presumably due to triggered GA signaling. This includes germination characteristics, stem elongation, flower structure, and fertility. Overall, our findings shed new light on the GA strategy and signaling network in commercially important perennial crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam El-Sharkawy
- Florida A&M University, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Center for Viticulture & Small Fruit Research, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Damanhour University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Damanhour, Behera, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Darwish
- Florida A&M University, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Center for Viticulture & Small Fruit Research, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Minia University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Minia, Egypt
| | - Walid El Kayal
- Florida A&M University, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Center for Viticulture & Small Fruit Research, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- American University of Beirut, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Sherif M Sherif
- Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, AHS Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Winchester, VA, USA
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Bazhenov MS, Chernook AG, Goncharov NP, Chikida NN, Belousova MK, Karlov GI, Divashuk MG. The Allelic Diversity of the Gibberellin Signaling Pathway Genes in Aegilops tauschii Coss. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121696. [PMID: 33276632 PMCID: PMC7761575 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gibberellin-insensitive reduced height genes are widely spread in modern wheat varieties, making them resistant to lodging under conditions of intensive farming. However, the limited diversity of these genes present in wheat germplasm can limit the adaptability of newly created cultivars to the changing climate. The diversity of the gibberellin signaling pathway genes involved in plant height control- Reduced height 1 (Rht-D1), Gibberellin-insensitive dwarf 1 (Gid1‑D) and Gibberellin-insensitive dwarf 2 (Gid2-D)-was studied in the diploid wild goatgrass Aegilops tauschii Coss., one of the ancestral species of the bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the donor of its D subgenome, using high-throughput sequencing. The examination of 24 Ae. tauschii accessions of different geographical origins revealed a large number of new alleles (haplotypes) not found in bread wheat varieties. Some of the detected polymorphisms lead to changes in the amino acid sequence of proteins. Four isoforms (amino acid sequence variants) were found for the RHT-D1 protein, and two isoforms-for the GID1 and GID2 proteins, each. An analysis of the co-occurrence frequencies of various isoforms of the three proteins showed that their combinations were not random in Ae. tauschii, which may indicate the functional significance of their differences. New alleles of the Rht-D1, Gid1-D, and Gid2-D genes are promising for introgression into bread wheat and studying their effect on plant height and adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S. Bazhenov
- Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.C.); (G.I.K.); (M.G.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anastasiya G. Chernook
- Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.C.); (G.I.K.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Nikolay P. Goncharov
- Wheat Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademika Lavrentieva Avenue, 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Nadezhda N. Chikida
- Federal Research Center N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), 190000 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Mariya Kh. Belousova
- Dagestan Experimental Station—The Branch of the Federal Research Center N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Vavilovo Village, Derbent District, 368600 Dagestan, Russia;
| | - Gennady I. Karlov
- Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.C.); (G.I.K.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Mikhail G. Divashuk
- Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.C.); (G.I.K.); (M.G.D.)
- Kurchatov Genomics Center–ARRIAB, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
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Singh H, Kaur K, Singh M, Kaur G, Singh P. Plant Cyclophilins: Multifaceted Proteins With Versatile Roles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:585212. [PMID: 33193535 PMCID: PMC7641896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.585212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilins constitute a family of ubiquitous proteins that bind cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressant drug. Several of these proteins possess peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of the peptide bond preceding a proline residue, essential for correct folding of the proteins. Compared to prokaryotes and other eukaryotes studied until now, the cyclophilin gene families in plants exhibit considerable expansion. With few exceptions, the role of the majority of these proteins in plants is still a matter of conjecture. However, recent studies suggest that cyclophilins are highly versatile proteins with multiple functionalities, and regulate a plethora of growth and development processes in plants, ranging from hormone signaling to the stress response. The present review discusses the implications of cyclophilins in different facets of cellular processes, particularly in the context of plants, and provides a glimpse into the molecular mechanisms by which these proteins fine-tune the diverse physiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hans Raj Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Mangaljeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Gundeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- William Harvey Heart Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prabhjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Xue J, Li T, Wang S, Xue Y, Liu X, Zhang X. Defoliation and gibberellin synergistically induce tree peony flowering with non-structural carbohydrates as intermedia. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 233:31-41. [PMID: 30580057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the natural florescence of the tree peony is short, it can be lengthened by forcing culture. In this study, both defoliation or gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment individually induced tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa 'Luo Yang Hong') flowering under forcing culture, and their combination (D + G) accelerated flowering with a GA3-overdose-like phenomenon, indicating that synergism between defoliation and GA3 treatment may occur. Both defoliation and GA3 treatment induced a GA response, including (i) increased GA3 production, (ii) increased PsCPS and PsGA3ox expression, and (iii) decreased PsGA2ox, PsGID1c, and PsGID2 expression; both treatments also positively influenced non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation. According to the expression of five PsSWEETs, PsSWEET2 and PsSWEET17 may redundantly exercise the crosstalk of defoliation and GA3 treatment by NSC distribution, whereas PsSWEET12 may act by GA modulation; no synergism resulting from the D + G treatment was detected. Tissue-specific analysis indicated that, in sepals, PsSWEET2 and PsSWET7 are both induced by defoliation and GA3 treatment, whereas PsSWEET2 expression showed synergism with the D + G treatment. In summary, defoliation and GA3 treatment synergistically induce tree peony flowering under forcing culture, and NSCs are suggested as key intermedia. Moreover, sepals may play key roles in their synergism, although more direct evidence is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Xue
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Shunli Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqian Xue
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xianwu Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiuxin Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
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Mo Y, Pearce S, Dubcovsky J. Phenotypic and transcriptomic characterization of a wheat tall mutant carrying an induced mutation in the C-terminal PFYRE motif of RHT-B1b. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:253. [PMID: 30348083 PMCID: PMC6196432 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As central regulators of the gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathway in plants, DELLA proteins function as growth repressors and affect diverse biological processes. The wheat RHT-B1b and RHT-D1b semi-dwarfing alleles, which encode GA-insensitive DELLA proteins, have been widely adopted in modern wheat varieties to improve lodging tolerance and harvest index. However, the molecular mechanisms by which DELLA modulates these responses in wheat remain largely unknown. RESULTS We identified a tall tetraploid wheat mutant line carrying an induced missense mutation (E529K) in the PFYRE motif of RHT-B1b that partially suppressed the semi-dwarf phenotype. The height-increasing effect of RHT-B1bE529K relative to RHT-B1b (19 cm or 21% increase) was significantly smaller than the effect of RHT-B1a (33 cm or 34% increase) relative to RHT-B1b in the same field experiment. The RHT-B1bE529K mutation was also associated with length increases in coleoptiles, seedling shoots, and stem internodes relative to the RHT-B1b allele. We detected no significant differences in germination rate, seedling root length, tiller number, flag leaf size, spike length, or yield components. Using RNA-seq, we compared gene expression profiles of plants encoding RHT-B1b and RHT-B1bE529K in coleoptile, first leaf, and elongating peduncles. We detected limited overlap among tissues of the genes differentially regulated by the two genotypes, and more genes upregulated (77%) than downregulated (23%) in RHT-B1bE529K relative to RHT-B1b. These results suggest that the wheat DELLA protein affects the transcriptome in a tissue-specific manner and that the mutation mainly eliminates or reduces repression functions of the RHT-B1 protein. Our study identified distinct sets of potential DELLA direct or indirect target genes involved in cell wall and carbohydrate metabolisms, cell cycle/division, and hormone pathways. CONCLUSIONS We identified the hypomorphic RHT-B1bE529K allele that confers an intermediate plant height and coleoptile elongation. This allele can be useful in rain-fed wheat breeding programs where the strong reduction in height and biomass associated with RHT-B1b has detrimental effects. Transcriptomic characterization of different tissues from the plants encoding RHT-B1bE529K and RHT-B1b provided valuable information for identifying DELLA downstream GA response genes in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Mo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365 South Korea
| | - Stephen Pearce
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Jorge Dubcovsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA
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Giunta F, De Vita P, Mastrangelo AM, Sanna G, Motzo R. Environmental and Genetic Variation for Yield-Related Traits of Durum Wheat as Affected by Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:8. [PMID: 29403518 PMCID: PMC5778143 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenology has a profound effect on adaptation and productivity of crops. The impact of phenology on tillering and fertility traits of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum Desf.) was evaluated with the aim of specifying which group of flowering genes (Vrn, Ppd, or eps) was involved in their control. A recombinant inbred line population was grown under four contrasting conditions of vernalization and daylength. Phenotyping was carried out according to robust phenological models dissecting both phenological and yield related traits. Whole-genome profiling was performed using the DArT-Seq technology. The genetic variability for tillering was mainly related to the genetic variability for vernalization sensitivity, as shown by the many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identified in non-vernalized plants associated to both tillering and phenological traits. No effects of photoperiod sensitivity on spikelet number were detected in short-day-grown plants, apparently because of limited genetic variability in photoperiod sensitivity of the population. Earliness per se was involved in control of spikelet number via final leaf number, with these traits genetically correlated and sharing some QTLs. Chaff weight and number of kernels per g chaff were negatively associated and related to anthesis date under most conditions. QTL mapping uncovered novel loci involved in phenological control of tillering and fertility traits, and confirmed the presence of several well-established loci. Phenotyping of both phenology and kernel number according to a robust physiological model amplified the possibility of identifying genetic factors underlying their variations. Also, isolating known flowering gene cues by manipulation of environmental conditions provided the opportunity for each group of genes to be expressed without confounding effects of the others. This information helps to predict the consequences of either genetic manipulation of flowering genes and changes in environmental conditions on the potential yield of durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giunta
- Sez. Agronomia, Coltivazioni erbacee e Genetica, Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L'analisi Dell'economia Agraria-Centro Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna M. Mastrangelo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L'analisi Dell'economia Agraria-Centro Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L'analisi Dell'economia Agraria-Centro Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali (CREA-CI), Bergamo, Italy
| | - Gavino Sanna
- Sez. Agronomia, Coltivazioni erbacee e Genetica, Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosella Motzo
- Sez. Agronomia, Coltivazioni erbacee e Genetica, Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Tuan PA, Kumar R, Rehal PK, Toora PK, Ayele BT. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Abscisic Acid/Gibberellin Balance in the Control of Seed Dormancy and Germination in Cereals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:668. [PMID: 29875780 PMCID: PMC5974119 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait that does not allow the germination of an intact viable seed under favorable environmental conditions. Non-dormant seeds or seeds with low level of dormancy can germinate readily under optimal environmental conditions, and such a trait leads to preharvest sprouting, germination of seeds on the mother plant prior to harvest, which significantly reduces the yield and quality of cereal crops. High level of dormancy, on the other hand, may lead to non-uniform germination and seedling establishment. Therefore, intermediate dormancy is considered to be a desirable trait as it prevents the problems of sprouting and allows uniformity of postharvest germination of seeds. Induction, maintenance, and release of seed dormancy are complex physiological processes that are influenced by a wide range of endogenous and environmental factors. Plant hormones, mainly abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA), are the major endogenous factors that act antagonistically in the control of seed dormancy and germination; ABA positively regulates the induction and maintenance of dormancy, while GA enhances germination. Significant progress has been made in recent years in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms regulating ABA/GA balance and thereby dormancy and germination in cereal seeds, and this review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the topic.
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