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Lin C, Lu Y, Liu S, Wang Z, Yao L, Yin Y, Jiao L. Retrieving complete plastid genomes of endangered Guibourtia timber using hybridization capture for forensic identification and phylogenetic analysis. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2024; 69:103006. [PMID: 38171223 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2023.103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The high economic value and increased demand for timber have led to illegal logging and overexploitation, threatening wild populations. In this context, there is an urgent need to develop effective and accurate forensic tools for identifying endangered Guibourtia timber species to protect forest ecosystem resources and regulate their trade. In this study, a hybridization capture method was developed and applied to explore the feasibility of retrieving complete plastid genomes from Guibourtia sapwood and heartwood specimens stored in a xylarium (wood collection). We then carried out forensic identification and phylogenetic analyses of Guibourtia within the subfamily Detarioideae. This study is the first to successfully retrieve high-quality plastid genomes from xylarium specimens, with 76.95-99.97% coverage. The enrichment efficiency, sequence depth, and coverage of plastid genomes from sapwood were 16.73 times, 70.47 times and 1.14 times higher, respectively, than those from heartwood. Although the DNA capture efficiency of heartwood was lower than that of sapwood, the hybridization capture method used in this study is still suitable for heartwood DNA analysis. Based on the complete plastid genome, we identified six endangered or commonly traded Guibourtia woods at the species level. This technique also has the potential for geographical traceability, especially for Guibourtia demeusei and Guibourtia ehie. Meanwhile, Bayesian phylogenetic analysis suggested that these six Guibourtia species diverged from closely related species within the subfamily Detarioideae ca. 18 Ma during the Miocene. The DNA reference database established based on the xylarium specimens provides admissible evidence for diversity conservation and evolutionary analyses of endangered Guibourtia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyang Lin
- College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Wood Collection of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shoujia Liu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Wood Collection of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhaoshan Wang
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lihong Yao
- College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Yafang Yin
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Wood Collection of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lichao Jiao
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Wood Collection of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; China-Central Asia "the Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Research, Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation, Collaborative Research Centre for Archaeology of the Silk Roads, School of Culture Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
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Dev SA, Unnikrishnan R, Prathibha PS, Sijimol K, Sreekumar VB, AzharAli A, Anoop EV, Viswanath S. Artificial intelligence in timber forensics employing DNA barcode database. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:183. [PMID: 37193334 PMCID: PMC10182240 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extreme difficulties in species identification of illegally sourced wood with conventional tools have accelerated illicit logging activities, leading to the destruction of natural resources in India. In this regard, the study primarily focused on developing a DNA barcode database for 41 commercial timber tree species which are highly vulnerable to adulteration in south India. The developed DNA barcode database was validated using an integrated approach involving wood anatomical features of traded wood samples collected from south India. Traded wood samples were primarily identified using wood anatomical features using IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. Consortium of Barcode of Life (CBOL) recommended barcode gene regions (rbcL, matK & psbA-trnH) were employed for developing DNA barcode database. Secondly, we employed artificial intelligence (AI) analytical platform, Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) for analyzing DNA barcode sequence database which could append precision, speed, and accuracy for the entire identification process. Among the four classification algorithms implemented in the machine learning algorithm (WEKA), best performance was shown by SMO, which could clearly allocate individual samples to their respective sequence database of biological reference materials (BRM) with 100 % accuracy, indicating its efficiency in authenticating the traded timber species. Major advantage of AI is the ability to analyze huge data sets with more precision and also provides a large platform for rapid authentication of species, which subsequently reduces human labor and time. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03604-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Arun Dev
- Forest Genetic & Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653 India
| | - Remya Unnikrishnan
- Forest Genetic & Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653 India
- Cochin University of Science & Technology, Kochi, Kerala India
| | - P. S. Prathibha
- Forest Genetic & Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653 India
| | - K. Sijimol
- Forest Genetic & Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653 India
| | - V. B. Sreekumar
- Forest Genetic & Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653 India
| | - A. AzharAli
- Department of Forest Products and Utilization, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, Thrissur, Kerala 680654 India
| | - E. V. Anoop
- Department of Forest Products and Utilization, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, Thrissur, Kerala 680654 India
| | - Syam Viswanath
- Forest Genetic & Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653 India
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Schroeder H, Kersten B. A Small Set of Nuclear Markers for Reliable Differentiation of the Two Closely Related Oak Species Quercus Robur and Q. Petraea. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:566. [PMID: 36771649 PMCID: PMC9919172 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quercus robur and Q. petraea are, in addition to Fagus sylvatica, the main economically used deciduous tree species in Europe. Identification of these two species is crucial because they differ in their ecological demands. Because of a changing climate, foresters must know more than ever which species will perform better under given environmental conditions. The search for differentiating molecular markers between these two species has already lasted for decades. Until now, differentiation has only been possible in approaches with a combination of several molecular markers and a subsequent statistical analysis to calculate the probability of being one or the other species. Here, we used MiSeq Illumina data from pools of Q. robur and Q. petraea specimens and identified nuclear SNPs and small InDels versus the Q. robur reference genome. Selected sequence variants with 100% allele frequency difference between the two pools were further validated in an extended set of Q. robur and Q. petraea specimens, and then the number of markers was deliberately reduced to the smallest possible set for species differentiation. A combination of six markers from four nuclear regions is enough to identify Q. robur, Q. petraea or hybrids between these two species quite well and represents a marker set that is cost-efficient and useable in every laboratory.
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Comparative analysis of two Korean irises (Iris ruthenica and I. uniflora, Iridaceae) based on plastome sequencing and micromorphology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9424. [PMID: 35676304 PMCID: PMC9177672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iris ruthenica Ker Gawl. and I. uniflora Pall. ex Link, which are rare and endangered species in Korea, possess considerable horticultural and medicinal value among Korean irises. However, discrimination of the species is hindered by extensive morphological similarity. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify discriminating features by comparing the species’ complete plastid genome (i.e., plastome) sequences and micromorphological features, including leaf margins, stomatal complex distribution (hypostomatic vs. amphistomatic leaves), anther stomata density, and tepal epidermal cell patterns. Plastome comparison revealed slightly divergent regions within intergenic spacer regions, and the most variable sequences, which were distributed in non-coding regions, could be used as molecular markers for the discrimination of I. ruthenica and I. uniflora. Phylogenetic analysis of the Iris species revealed that I. ruthenica and I. uniflora formed a well-supported clade. The comparison of plastomes and micromorphological features performed in this study provides useful information for elucidating taxonomic, phylogenetic, and evolutionary relationships in Iridaceae. Further studies, including those based on molecular cytogenetic approaches using species specific markers, will offer insights into species delimitation of the two closely related Iris species.
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Park I, Song JH, Yang S, Chae S, Moon BC. Plastid Phylogenomic Data Offers Novel Insights Into the Taxonomic Status of the Trichosanthes kirilowii Complex (Cucurbitaceae) in South Korea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:559511. [PMID: 34386020 PMCID: PMC8353159 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.559511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trichosanthes is a genus in Cucurbitaceae comprising 90-100 species. Trichosanthes species are valuable as herbaceous medicinal ingredients. The fruits, seeds, and roots of species such as T. kirilowii and T. rosthornii are used in Korean traditional herbal medicines. T. rosthornii is only found in China, whereas in South Korea two varieties, T. kirilowii var. kirilowii and T. kirilowii var. japonica, are distributed. T. kirilowii var. kirilowii and T. kirilowii var. japonica have different fruit and leaf shapes but are recognized as belonging to the same species. Furthermore, although its members have herbal medicine applications, genomic information of the genus is still limited. The broad goals of this study were (i) to evaluate the taxonomy of Trichosanthes using plastid phylogenomic data and (ii) provide molecular markers specific for T. kirilowii var. kirilowii and T. kirilowii var. japonica, as these have differences in their pharmacological effectiveness and thus should not be confused and adulterated. Comparison of five Trichosanthes plastid genomes revealed locally divergent regions, mainly within intergenic spacer regions (trnT-UGU-trnL-UAA: marker name Tri, rrn4.5-rrn5: TRr, trnE-UUC-trnT-GGU: TRtt). Using these three markers as DNA-barcodes for important herbal medicine species in Trichosanthes, the identity of Trichosanthes material in commercial medicinal products in South Korea could be successfully determined. Phylogenetic analysis of the five Trichosanthes species revealed that the species are clustered within tribe Sicyoeae. T. kirilowii var. kirilowii and T. rosthornii formed a clade with T. kirilowii var. japonica as their sister group. As T. kirilowii in its current circumscription is paraphyletic and as the two varieties can be readily distinguished morphologically (e.g., in leaf shape), T. kirilowii var. japonica should be treated (again) as an independent species, T. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyu Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, South Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Song
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, South Korea
| | - Sungyu Yang
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, South Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, South Korea
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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of glycosyltransferase gene family 1 in Quercus robur L. J Appl Genet 2021; 62:559-570. [PMID: 34241817 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferase gene family 1, also known as uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT), is the largest glycosyltransferase family in plants, playing a vital role in their growth and development. In this study, 244 UGT genes with conserved PSPG motifs were identified in the genome of Quercus robur L. The collinearity analysis results showed that tandem repeat was the main way of UGT genes expansion in Q. robur, with 21 groups of 55 tandem repeat genes. UGT genes were divided into 15 subgroups A-P; group K was lost, and the gene structure and conserved domain of the same subgroup were basically the same. Cis-element analysis showed that upstream 2,000 bp promoter sequence of UGT genes contained light response elements, plant hormone response elements, and stress-related cis-elements, which indicated that UGT genes of Q. robur might be regulated by various metabolic pathways. In particular, some UGTs in group L of Q. robur contained a conserved promoter structure. The expression pattern analysis results demonstrated that UGT genes of groups B, D, E, and I were differentially expressed under Tortrix viridana L. stress. The expression of UGTs in group E decreased under stress, the expression of group L increased, and that of genes in groups D and B were different. The functions of UGT genes in E and L groups are relatively conservative, and their functions may also conserve among species. The study results have a particular reference value for further research on the function of Q. robur UGT genes.
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Applying targeted genotyping by sequencing with a new set of nuclear and plastid SNP and indel loci for Quercus robur and Quercus petraea. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-021-01207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe used Double Digest Restriction site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) and Miseq to develop new geographically informative nuclear and plastid SNP and indel loci in Quercus robur and Q. petraea. Genotypes derived from sequence data of 95 individuals and two pools of 20 individuals each of Q. robur and Q. mongolica covering the distribution range of the species, were analysed to select geographically informative and polymorphic loci within Germany and Russia. We successfully screened a selected set of 431 nuclear single nucleotide polymorphism (nSNP), six nuclear Indel, six mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphism (mtSNP) and ten chloroplast single nucleotide polymorphism (cpSNP) loci with a SeqSNP genotyping platform on 100 individuals Quercus petraea from 10 locations in Germany, 100 individuals Quercus robur from ten locations in Germany and 100 individuals Quercus robur from ten locations in Russia. The newly developed loci are useful for species identification and genetic studies on the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of Quercus robur and Quercus petraea in Europe.
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Rossini BC, de Moraes MLT, Marino CL. Complete chloroplast genome of Myracrodruon urundeuva and its phylogenetics relationships in Anacardiaceae family. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:801-814. [PMID: 33967463 PMCID: PMC8055753 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Continuous exploratory use of tree species is threatening the existence of several plants in South America. One of these threatened species is Myracroduron urundeuva, highly exploited due to the high quality and durability of its wood. The chloroplast (cp) has been used for several evolutionary studies as well traceability of timber origin, based on its gene sequences and simple sequence repeats (SSR) variability. Cp genome organization is usually consisting of a large single copy and a small single copy region separated by two inverted repeats regions. We sequenced the complete cp genome from M. urundeuva based on Illumina next-generation sequencing. Our results show that the cp genome is 159,883 bp in size. The 36 SSR identified ranging from mono- to hexanucleotides. Positive selection analysis revealed nine genes related to photosystem, protein synthesis, and DNA replication, and protease are under positive selection. Genome comparison a other Anacardiaceae chloroplast genomes showed great variability in the family. The phylogenetic analysis using complete chloroplast genome sequences of other Anacardiaceae family members showed a close relationship with two other economically important genera, Pistacia and Rhus. These results will help future investigations of timber monitoring and population and evolutionary studies. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-00989-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cesar Rossini
- Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP CEP 18607-440 Brazil
- Department of Biochemical and Biological Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP CEP 18618-689 Brazil
| | | | - Celso Luis Marino
- Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP CEP 18607-440 Brazil
- Department of Biochemical and Biological Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP CEP 18618-689 Brazil
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Development and technical application of SSR-based individual identification system for Chamaecyparis taiwanensis against illegal logging convictions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22095. [PMID: 33328522 PMCID: PMC7744516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chamaecyparis taiwanensis is an endemic plant suffering illegal logging in Taiwan for its high economic value. Lack of direct evidence to correlate stump and timber remains a hurdle for law enforcement. In this report, 23 polymorphic Genomic Simple Sequence Repeat (gSSR) and 12 Expressed Sequence Tag (EST)-SSR markers were developed and their transferability was assessed. The individual identification system built from selected non-linkage 30 SSR markers has a combined probability of identity as 5.596 × 10–12 equivalents to identifying an individual in a population of up to 18 million C. taiwanensis with 99.99% confidence level. We also applied the system in an actual criminal case by selecting 19 of these markers to correlate illegally felled timbers and victim trees. Our data demonstrate that molecular signals from three timbers hit with three victim trees with confidence level more than 99.99%. This is the first example of successfully applying SSR in C. taiwanensis as a court evidence for law enforcement. The identification system adapted advanced molecular technology and exhibits its great potential for natural resource management on C. taiwanensis.
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Park I, Yang S, Song JH, Moon BC. Dissection for Floral Micromorphology and Plastid Genome of Valuable Medicinal Borages Arnebia and Lithospermum (Boraginaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:606463. [PMID: 33343605 PMCID: PMC7746654 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.606463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The genera Arnebia and Lithospermum (Lithospermeae-Boraginaceae) comprise 25-30 and 50-60 species, respectively. Some of them are economically valuable, as their roots frequently contain a purple-red dye used in the cosmetic industry. Furthermore, dried roots of Arnebia euchroma, A. guttata, and Lithospermum erythrorhizon, which have been designated Lithospermi Radix, are used as traditional Korean herbal medicine. This study is the first report on the floral micromorphology and complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences of A. guttata (including A. tibetana), A. euchroma, and L. erythrorhizon. We reveal great diversity in floral epidermal cell patterns, gynoecium, and structure of trichomes. The cp genomes were 149,361-150,465 bp in length, with conserved quadripartite structures. In total, 112 genes were identified, including 78 protein-coding regions, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Gene order, content, and orientation were highly conserved and were consistent with the general structure of angiosperm cp genomes. Comparison of the four cp genomes revealed locally divergent regions, mainly within intergenic spacer regions (atpH-atpI, petN-psbM, rbcL-psaI, ycf4-cemA, ndhF-rpl32, and ndhC-trnV-UAC). To facilitate species identification, we developed molecular markers psaA- ycf3 (PSY), trnI-CAU- ycf2 (TCY), and ndhC-trnV-UAC (NCTV) based on divergence hotspots. High-resolution phylogenetic analysis revealed clear clustering and a close relationship of Arnebia to its Lithospermum sister group, which was supported by strong bootstrap values and posterior probabilities. Overall, gynoecium characteristics and genetic distance of cp genomes suggest that A. tibetana, might be recognized as an independent species rather than a synonym of A. guttata. The present morphological and cp genomic results provide useful information for future studies, such as taxonomic, phylogenetic, and evolutionary analysis of Boraginaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun-Ho Song
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, South Korea
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, South Korea
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Abstract
Oak wood was highly appreciated and widely used for construction in past centuries. As population sizes expanded in some regions of Europe, local forests were depleted of high-quality timber. Therefore, regions of soaring economies were importing timber initially from the European market and eventually from other continents. Origin of archaeological or historical timber is usually identified by means of dendroprovenancing, i.e. statistical matching of tree-ring-width (TRW) series of timber of unknown origin with TRW reference datasets. However, this method has pitfalls and limitations and therefore alternative techniques are needed. Here, we used three different DNA analysis methods to investigate the potential of using ancient (a)DNA, extracted from oak timber derived from historical buildings and shipwrecks from a variety of countries. All the material had also been analysed dendrochronologically, so its dating and provenance is demonstrated. We included heartwood samples in this analysis, for which DNA extraction is especially challenging as it contains chemicals that inhibit DNA amplification. We succeeded in amplifying DNA for at least one marker from 56% of samples (including heartwood samples), yielding crucial information that allowed us to identify the potential source area of centuries old timber buildings in Latvia and Denmark and of 750-year-old shipwreck material from Germany. Our results prove the strong potential of DNA analyses for identifying timber origin to the regional scale, but by combining these with the dendrochronological results, we can control the exactitude of the aDNA approach and demonstrate a more nuanced examination of the timber sources for these historic structures.
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Mader M, Schroeder H, Schott T, Schöning-Stierand K, Leite Montalvão AP, Liesebach H, Liesebach M, Fussi B, Kersten B. Mitochondrial Genome of Fagus sylvatica L. as a Source for Taxonomic Marker Development in the Fagales. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1274. [PMID: 32992588 PMCID: PMC7650814 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
European beech, Fagus sylvatica L., is one of the most important and widespread deciduous tree species in Central Europe and is widely managed for its hard wood. The complete DNA sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Fagus sylvatica L. was assembled and annotated based on Illumina MiSeq reads and validated using long reads from nanopore MinION sequencing. The genome assembled into a single DNA sequence of 504,715 bp in length containing 58 genes with predicted function, including 35 protein-coding, 20 tRNA and three rRNA genes. Additionally, 23 putative protein-coding genes were predicted supported by RNA-Seq data. Aiming at the development of taxon-specific mitochondrial genetic markers, the tool SNPtax was developed and applied to select genic SNPs potentially specific for different taxa within the Fagales. Further validation of a small SNP set resulted in the development of four CAPS markers specific for Fagus, Fagaceae, or Fagales, respectively, when considering over 100 individuals from a total of 69 species of deciduous trees and conifers from up to 15 families included in the marker validation. The CAPS marker set is suitable to identify the genus Fagus in DNA samples from tree tissues or wood products, including wood composite products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Mader
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany; (M.M.); (H.S.); (T.S.); (K.S.-S.); (A.P.L.M.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Hilke Schroeder
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany; (M.M.); (H.S.); (T.S.); (K.S.-S.); (A.P.L.M.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Thomas Schott
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany; (M.M.); (H.S.); (T.S.); (K.S.-S.); (A.P.L.M.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Katrin Schöning-Stierand
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany; (M.M.); (H.S.); (T.S.); (K.S.-S.); (A.P.L.M.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
- Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ana Paula Leite Montalvão
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany; (M.M.); (H.S.); (T.S.); (K.S.-S.); (A.P.L.M.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Heike Liesebach
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany; (M.M.); (H.S.); (T.S.); (K.S.-S.); (A.P.L.M.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mirko Liesebach
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany; (M.M.); (H.S.); (T.S.); (K.S.-S.); (A.P.L.M.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Barbara Fussi
- Bavarian Office for Forest Genetics, 83317 Teisendorf, Germany;
| | - Birgit Kersten
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany; (M.M.); (H.S.); (T.S.); (K.S.-S.); (A.P.L.M.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
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Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Quercus bawanglingensis Huang, Li et Xing, a Vulnerable Oak Tree in China. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10070587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Quercus bawanglingensis Huang, Li et Xing, an endemic evergreen oak of the genus Quercus (Fagaceae) in China, is currently listed in the Red List of Chinese Plants as a vulnerable (VU) plant. No chloroplast (cp) genome information is currently available for Q. bawanglingensis, which would be essential for the establishment of guidelines for its conservation and breeding. In the present study, the cp genome of Q. bawanglingensis was sequenced and assembled into double-stranded circular DNA with a length of 161,394 bp. Two inverted repeats (IRs) with a total of 51,730 bp were identified, and the rest of the sequence was separated into two single-copy regions, namely, a large single-copy (LSC) region (90,628 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC) region (19,036 bp). The genome of Q. bawanglingensis contains 134 genes (86 protein-coding genes, 40 tRNAs and eight rRNAs). More forward (29) than inverted long repeats (21) are distributed in the cp genome. A simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis showed that the genome contains 82 SSR loci, involving 84.15% A/T mononucleotides. Sequence comparisons among the nine complete cp genomes, including the genomes of Q. bawanglingensis, Q. tarokoensis Hayata (NC036370), Q. aliena var. acutiserrata Maxim. ex Wenz. (KU240009), Q. baronii Skan (KT963087), Q. aquifolioides Rehd. et Wils. (KX911971), Q. variabilis Bl. (KU240009), Fagus engleriana Seem. (KX852398), Lithocarpus balansae (Drake) A. Camus (KP299291) and Castanea mollissima Bl. (HQ336406), demonstrated that the diversity of SC regions was higher than that of IR regions, which might facilitate identification of the relationships within this extremely complex family. A phylogenetic analysis showed that Fagus engleriana and Trigonobalanus doichangensis form the basis of the produced evolutionary tree. Q. bawanglingensis and Q. tarokoensis, which belong to the group Ilex, share the closest relationship. The analysis of the cp genome of Q. bawanglingensis provides crucial genetic information for further studies of this vulnerable species and the taxonomy, phylogenetics and evolution of Quercus.
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Pakull B, Ekué MRM, Bouka Dipelet UG, Doumenge C, McKey DB, Loumeto JJ, Opuni-Frimpong E, Yorou SN, Nacoulma BMY, Guelly KA, Ramamonjisoa L, Thomas D, Guichoux E, Loo J, Degen B. Genetic diversity and differentiation among the species of African mahogany (Khaya spp.) based on a large SNP array. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Brenner WG, Mader M, Müller NA, Hoenicka H, Schroeder H, Zorn I, Fladung M, Kersten B. High Level of Conservation of Mitochondrial RNA Editing Sites Among Four Populus Species. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:709-717. [PMID: 30617214 PMCID: PMC6404595 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
RNA editing occurs in the endosymbiont organelles of higher plants as C-to-U conversions of defined nucleotides. The availability of large quantities of RNA sequencing data makes it possible to identify RNA editing sites and to quantify their editing extent. We have investigated RNA editing in 34 protein-coding mitochondrial transcripts of four Populus species, a genus noteworthy for its remarkably small number of RNA editing sites compared to other angiosperms. 27 of these transcripts were subject to RNA editing in at least one species. In total, 355 RNA editing sites were identified with high confidence, their editing extents ranging from 10 to 100%. The most heavily edited transcripts were ccmB with the highest density of RNA editing sites (53.7 sites / kb) and ccmFn with the highest number of sites (39 sites). Most of the editing events are at position 1 or 2 of the codons, usually altering the encoded amino acid, and are highly conserved among the species, also with regard to their editing extent. However, one SNP was found in the newly sequenced and annotated mitochondrial genome of P. alba resulting in the loss of an RNA editing site compared to P. tremula and P. davidiana This SNP causes a C-to-T transition and an amino acid exchange from Ser to Phe, highlighting the widely discussed role of RNA editing in compensating mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malte Mader
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | | | - Hans Hoenicka
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Hilke Schroeder
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Zorn
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Fladung
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Kersten
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
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16
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Tang K, Ren J, Cronn R, Erickson DL, Milligan BG, Parker-Forney M, Spouge JL, Sun F. Alignment-free genome comparison enables accurate geographic sourcing of white oak DNA. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:896. [PMID: 30526482 PMCID: PMC6288960 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The application of genomic data and bioinformatics for the identification of restricted or illegally-sourced natural products is urgently needed. The taxonomic identity and geographic provenance of raw and processed materials have implications in sustainable-use commercial practices, and relevance to the enforcement of laws that regulate or restrict illegally harvested materials, such as timber. Improvements in genomics make it possible to capture and sequence partial-to-complete genomes from challenging tissues, such as wood and wood products. Results In this paper, we report the success of an alignment-free genome comparison method, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ {d}_2^{\ast }, $$\end{document}d2∗, that differentiates different geographic sources of white oak (Quercus) species with a high level of accuracy with very small amount of genomic data. The method is robust to sequencing errors, different sequencing laboratories and sequencing platforms. Conclusions This method offers an approach based on genome-scale data, rather than panels of pre-selected markers for specific taxa. The method provides a generalizable platform for the identification and sourcing of materials using a unified next generation sequencing and analysis framework. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5253-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kujin Tang
- Quantitative and Computational Biology Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Jie Ren
- Quantitative and Computational Biology Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Richard Cronn
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - David L Erickson
- DNA4 Technologies LLC, bwtech@UMBC Research & Technology Park, Baltimore, MD, 21227, USA
| | - Brook G Milligan
- Conservation Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | | | - John L Spouge
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Fengzhu Sun
- Quantitative and Computational Biology Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. .,Centre for Computational Systems Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Chaves CL, Degen B, Pakull B, Mader M, Honorio E, Ruas P, Tysklind N, Sebbenn AM. Assessing the Ability of Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Gene Markers to Verify the Geographic Origin of Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.) Timber. J Hered 2018; 109:543-552. [PMID: 29668954 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deforestation-reinforced by illegal logging-is a serious problem in many tropical regions and causes pervasive environmental and economic damage. Existing laws that intend to reduce illegal logging need efficient, fraud resistant control methods. We developed a genetic reference database for Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril), an important, high value timber species from the Neotropics. The data set can be used for controls on declarations of wood origin. Samples from 308 Hymenaea trees from 12 locations in Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, and French Guiana have been collected and genotyped on 10 nuclear microsatellites (nSSRs), 13 chloroplast SNPs (cpSNP), and 1 chloroplast indel marker. The chloroplast gene markers have been developed using Illumina DNA sequencing. Bayesian cluster analysis divided the individuals based on the nSSRs into 8 genetic groups. Using self-assignment tests, the power of the genetic reference database to judge on declarations on the location has been tested for 3 different assignment methods. We observed a strong genetic differentiation among locations leading to high and reliable self-assignment rates for the locations between 50% to 100% (average of 88%). Although all 3 assignment methods came up with similar mean self-assignment rates, there were differences for some locations linked to the level of genetic diversity, differentiation, and heterozygosity. Our results show that the nuclear and chloroplast gene markers are effective to be used for a genetic certification system and can provide national and international authorities with a robust tool to confirm legality of timber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila L Chaves
- State University of Londrina, Agronomy Department, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Bernd Degen
- Thünen Institut für Forstgenetik, Sieker Landstrasse, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Birte Pakull
- Thünen Institut für Forstgenetik, Sieker Landstrasse, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Malte Mader
- Thünen Institut für Forstgenetik, Sieker Landstrasse, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Euridice Honorio
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Iquitos, Peru
| | - Paulo Ruas
- State University of Londrina, Department of Biology, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Niklas Tysklind
- INRA - UMR 0745 ECOFOG "Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane" Campus agronomique, KOUROU Cedex, French Guiana
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Lendvay B, Hartmann M, Brodbeck S, Nievergelt D, Reinig F, Zoller S, Parducci L, Gugerli F, Büntgen U, Sperisen C. Improved recovery of ancient DNA from subfossil wood - application to the world's oldest Late Glacial pine forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:1737-1748. [PMID: 29243821 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ancient DNA from historical and subfossil wood has a great potential to provide new insights into the history of tree populations. However, its extraction and analysis have not become routine, mainly because contamination of the wood with modern plant material can complicate the verification of genetic information. Here, we used sapwood tissue from 22 subfossil pines that were growing c. 13 000 yr bp in Zurich, Switzerland. We developed and evaluated protocols to eliminate surface contamination, and we tested ancient DNA authenticity based on plastid DNA metabarcoding and the assessment of post-mortem DNA damage. A novel approach using laser irradiation coupled with bleaching and surface removal was most efficient in eliminating contaminating DNA. DNA metabarcoding confirmed which ancient DNA samples repeatedly amplified pine DNA and were free of exogenous plant taxa. Pine DNA sequences of these samples showed a high degree of cytosine to thymine mismatches, typical of post-mortem damage. Stringent decontamination of wood surfaces combined with DNA metabarcoding and assessment of post-mortem DNA damage allowed us to authenticate ancient DNA retrieved from the oldest Late Glacial pine forest. These techniques can be applied to any subfossil wood and are likely to improve the accessibility of relict wood for genome-scale ancient DNA studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertalan Lendvay
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Brodbeck
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Nievergelt
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Frederick Reinig
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Zoller
- Genetic Diversity Centre, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Parducci
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Felix Gugerli
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK
- Global Change Research Centre, Masaryk University, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christoph Sperisen
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences of Four Meliaceae Species and Comparative Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030701. [PMID: 29494509 PMCID: PMC5877562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Meliaceae family mainly consists of trees and shrubs with a pantropical distribution. In this study, the complete chloroplast genomes of four Meliaceae species were sequenced and compared with each other and with the previously published Azadirachta indica plastome. The five plastomes are circular and exhibit a quadripartite structure with high conservation of gene content and order. They include 130 genes encoding 85 proteins, 37 tRNAs and 8 rRNAs. Inverted repeat expansion resulted in a duplication of rps19 in the five Meliaceae species, which is consistent with that in many other Sapindales, but different from many other rosids. Compared to Azadirachta indica, the four newly sequenced Meliaceae individuals share several large deletions, which mainly contribute to the decreased genome sizes. A whole-plastome phylogeny supports previous findings that the four species form a monophyletic sister clade to Azadirachta indica within the Meliaceae. SNPs and indels identified in all complete Meliaceae plastomes might be suitable targets for the future development of genetic markers at different taxonomic levels. The extended analysis of SNPs in the matK gene led to the identification of four potential Meliaceae-specific SNPs as a basis for future validation and marker development.
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Yu M, Jiao L, Guo J, Wiedenhoeft AC, He T, Jiang X, Yin Y. DNA barcoding of vouchered xylarium wood specimens of nine endangered Dalbergia species. PLANTA 2017; 246:1165-1176. [PMID: 28825134 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ITS2+ trnH - psbA was the best combination of DNA barcode to resolve the Dalbergia wood species studied. We demonstrate the feasibility of building a DNA barcode reference database using xylarium wood specimens. The increase in illegal logging and timber trade of CITES-listed tropical species necessitates the development of unambiguous identification methods at the species level. For these methods to be fully functional and deployable for law enforcement, they must work using wood or wood products. DNA barcoding of wood has been promoted as a promising tool for species identification; however, the main barrier to extensive application of DNA barcoding to wood is the lack of a comprehensive and reliable DNA reference library of barcodes from wood. In this study, xylarium wood specimens of nine Dalbergia species were selected from the Wood Collection of the Chinese Academy of Forestry and DNA was then extracted from them for further PCR amplification of eight potential DNA barcode sequences (ITS2, matK, trnL, trnH-psbA, trnV-trnM1, trnV-trnM2, trnC-petN, and trnS-trnG). The barcodes were tested singly and in combination for species-level discrimination ability by tree-based [neighbor-joining (NJ)] and distance-based (TaxonDNA) methods. We found that the discrimination ability of DNA barcodes in combination was higher than any single DNA marker among the Dalbergia species studied, with the best two-marker combination of ITS2+trnH-psbA analyzed with NJ trees performing the best (100% accuracy). These barcodes are relatively short regions (<350 bp) and amplification reactions were performed with high success (≥90%) using wood as the source material, a necessary factor to apply DNA barcoding to timber trade. The present results demonstrate the feasibility of using vouchered xylarium specimens to build DNA barcoding reference databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Chinese Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Wood Collections (WOODPEDIA), Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lichao Jiao
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Chinese Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Wood Collections (WOODPEDIA), Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Chinese Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Wood Collections (WOODPEDIA), Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Alex C Wiedenhoeft
- Center for Wood Anatomy Research, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Univesidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tuo He
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Chinese Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Wood Collections (WOODPEDIA), Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiaomei Jiang
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Chinese Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Wood Collections (WOODPEDIA), Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yafang Yin
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Chinese Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Wood Collections (WOODPEDIA), Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Pham KK, Hipp AL, Manos PS, Cronn RC. A time and a place for everything: phylogenetic history and geography as joint predictors of oak plastome phylogeny. Genome 2017; 60:720-732. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2016-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Owing to high rates of introgressive hybridization, the plastid genome is poorly suited to fine-scale DNA barcoding and phylogenetic studies of the oak genus (Quercus, Fagaceae). At the tips of the oak plastome phylogeny, recent gene migration and reticulation generally cause topology to reflect geographic structure, while deeper branches reflect lineage divergence. In this study, we quantify the simple and partial effects of geographic proximity and nucleome-inferred phylogenetic history on oak plastome phylogeny at different evolutionary scales. Our study compares pairwise phylogenetic distances based on complete plastome sequences, pairwise phylogenetic distances from nuclear restriction site-associated DNA sequences (RADseq), and pairwise geographic distances for 34 individuals of the white oak clade representing 24 North American and Eurasian species. Within the North American white oak clade alone, phylogenetic history has essentially no effect on plastome variation, while geography explains 11%–21% of plastome phylogenetic variance. However, across multiple continents and clades, phylogeny predicts 30%–41% of plastome variation, geography 3%–41%. Tipwise attenuation of phylogenetic informativeness in the plastome means that in practical terms, plastome data has little use in solving phylogenetic questions, but can still be a useful barcoding or phylogenetic marker for resolving questions among major clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey K. Pham
- The Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Route 53, Lisle, IL 60532-1293, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312, USA
| | - Andrew L. Hipp
- The Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Route 53, Lisle, IL 60532-1293, USA
- The Field Museum, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Paul S. Manos
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA
| | - Richard C. Cronn
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-4401, USA
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