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Elkhamary A, Gerner I, Bileck A, Oreff GL, Gerner C, Jenner F. Comparative proteomic profiling of the ovine and human PBMC inflammatory response. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14939. [PMID: 38942936 PMCID: PMC11213919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation requires robust animal models. Sheep are commonly used in immune-related studies, yet the validity of sheep as animal models for immune and inflammatory diseases remains to be established. This cross-species comparative study analyzed the in vitro inflammatory response of ovine (oPBMCs) and human PBMCs (hPBMCs) using mass spectrometry, profiling the proteome of the secretome and whole cell lysate. Of the entire cell lysate proteome (oPBMCs: 4217, hPBMCs: 4574 proteins) 47.8% and in the secretome proteome (oPBMCs: 1913, hPBMCs: 1375 proteins) 32.8% were orthologous between species, among them 32 orthologous CD antigens, indicating the presence of six immune cell subsets. Following inflammatory stimulation, 71 proteins in oPBMCs and 176 in hPBMCs showed differential abundance, with only 7 overlapping. Network and Gene Ontology analyses identified 16 shared inflammatory-related terms and 17 canonical pathways with similar activation/inhibition patterns in both species, demonstrating significant conservation in specific immune and inflammatory responses. However, ovine PMBCs also contained a unique WC1+γδ T-cell subset, not detected in hPBMCs. Furthermore, differences in the activation/inhibition trends of seven canonical pathways and the sets of DAPs between sheep and humans, emphasize the need to consider interspecies differences in translational studies and inflammation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elkhamary
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - I Gerner
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G L Oreff
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Jenner
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Herron CM, O’Connor A, Robb E, McCammick E, Hill C, Marks NJ, Robinson MW, Maule AG, McVeigh P. Developmental Regulation and Functional Prediction of microRNAs in an Expanded Fasciola hepatica miRNome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:811123. [PMID: 35223544 PMCID: PMC8867070 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.811123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, is a global burden on the wellbeing and productivity of farmed ruminants, and a zoonotic threat to human health. Despite the clear need for accelerated discovery of new drug and vaccine treatments for this pathogen, we still have a relatively limited understanding of liver fluke biology and host interactions. Noncoding RNAs, including micro (mi)RNAs, are key to transcriptional regulation in all eukaryotes, such that an understanding of miRNA biology can shed light on organismal function at a systems level. Four previous publications have reported up to 89 mature miRNA sequences from F. hepatica, but our data show that this does not represent a full account of this species miRNome. We have expanded on previous studies by sequencing, for the first time, miRNAs from multiple life stages (adult, newly excysted juvenile (NEJ), metacercariae and adult-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs)). These experiments detected an additional 61 high-confidence miRNAs, most of which have not been described in any other species, expanding the F. hepatica miRNome to 150 mature sequences. We used quantitative (q)PCR assays to provide the first developmental profile of miRNA expression across metacercariae, NEJ, adult and adult-derived Evs. The majority of miRNAs were expressed most highly in metacercariae, with at least six distinct expression clusters apparent across life stages. Intracellular miRNAs were functionally analyzed to identify target mRNAs with inversely correlated expression in F. hepatica tissue transcriptomes, highlighting regulatory interactions with key virulence transcripts including cathepsin proteases, and neuromuscular genes that control parasite growth, development and motility. We also linked 28 adult-derived EV miRNAs with downregulation of 397 host genes in F. hepatica-infected transcriptomes from ruminant lymph node, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and liver tissue transcriptomes. These included genes involved in signal transduction, immune and metabolic pathways, adding to the evidence for miRNA-based immunosuppression during fasciolosis. These data expand our understanding of the F. hepatica miRNome, provide the first data on developmental miRNA regulation in this species, and provide a set of testable hypotheses for functional genomics interrogations of liver fluke miRNA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul McVeigh
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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3
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Swan J, Sakthivel D, Beddoe T, Stear M, Piedrafita D, Preston S. Evaluation of the Role of Galectins in Parasite Immunity. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:475-515. [PMID: 35320542 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-11 (LGALS-11) and galectin-14 (LGALS-14) are ruminant specific galectins, first reported in sheep. Although their roles in parasite immunity are still being elucidated, it appears that they influence protection against parasites. In gastrointestinal infections with the nematode Haemonchus contortus, both galectin-11 and galectin-14 appear to be protective. However, in a chronic infection of liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, these galectins may aid parasite survival. To unravel the structural, functional, and ligand profile of galectin-11 and galectin-14, recombinant production of these proteins is vital. Here we present the recombinant production of soluble galectin-11 and galectin-14 from domestic sheep for in vitro and structural biology studies. These methods include parasite cultivation and infection, galectin staining of host and parasite tissue, surface staining of parasites with recombinant galectins, pull-down assays to identify endogenous galectin binding proteins, and in vitro assays to monitor the effect of galectins on parasite development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Swan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for Agri Bioscience (Agri Bio), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dhanasekaran Sakthivel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Travis Beddoe
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for Agri Bioscience (Agri Bio), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Stear
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for Agri Bioscience (Agri Bio), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Piedrafita
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Preston
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, VIC, Australia.
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4
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Niedziela DA, Naranjo-Lucena A, Molina-Hernández V, Browne JA, Martínez-Moreno Á, Pérez J, MacHugh DE, Mulcahy G. Timing of Transcriptomic Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Responses of Sheep to Fasciola hepatica Infection Differs From Those of Cattle, Reflecting Different Disease Phenotypes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729217. [PMID: 34616397 PMCID: PMC8488161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with the zoonotic trematode Fasciola hepatica, common in many regions with a temperate climate, leads to delayed growth and loss of productivity in cattle, while infection in sheep can have more severe effects, potentially leading to death. Previous transcriptomic analyses revealed upregulation of TGFB1, cell death and Toll-like receptor signalling, T-cell activation, and inhibition of nitric oxide production in macrophages in response to infection. However, the differences between ovine and bovine responses have not yet been explored. The objective of this study was to further investigate the transcriptomic response of ovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to F. hepatica infection, and to elucidate the differences between ovine and bovine PBMC responses. Sixteen male Merino sheep were randomly assigned to infected or control groups (n = 8 per group) and orally infected with 120 F. hepatica metacercariae. Transcriptomic data was generated from PBMC at 0, 2 and 16 weeks post-infection (wpi), and analysed for differentially expressed (DE) genes between infected and control animals at each time point (analysis 1), and for each group relative to time 0 (analysis 2). Analysis 2 was then compared to a similar study performed previously on bovine PBMC. A total of 453 DE genes were found at 2 wpi, and 2 DE genes at 16 wpi (FDR < 0.1, analysis 1). Significantly overrepresented biological pathways at 2 wpi included role of PKR in interferon induction and anti-viral response, death receptor signalling and RIG-I-like receptor signalling, which suggested that an activation of innate response to intracellular nucleic acids and inhibition of cellular apoptosis were taking place. Comparison of analysis 2 with the previous bovine transcriptomic study revealed that anti-inflammatory response pathways which were significantly overrepresented in the acute phase in cattle, including IL-10 signalling, Th2 pathway, and Th1 and Th2 activation were upregulated only in the chronic phase in sheep. We propose that the earlier activation of anti-inflammatory responses in cattle, as compared with sheep, may be related to the general absence of acute clinical signs in cattle. These findings offer scope for "smart vaccination" strategies for this important livestock parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Verónica Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - John A. Browne
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Pérez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - David E. MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Mulcahy
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Naranjo-Lucena A, Correia CN, Molina-Hernández V, Martínez-Moreno Á, Browne JA, Pérez J, MacHugh DE, Mulcahy G. Transcriptomic Analysis of Ovine Hepatic Lymph Node Following Fasciola hepatica Infection - Inhibition of NK Cell and IgE-Mediated Signaling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687579. [PMID: 34122452 PMCID: PMC8194261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a trematode parasite responsible for major economic losses in livestock production, and is also a food-borne zoonotic agent in developing rural regions. For years, the immunoregulatory mechanisms employed by the parasite have hampered efforts to develop a successful vaccine candidate. Given that a comprehensive understanding of the immune response to infection is needed, we investigated the gene expression changes in ovine hepatic lymph nodes after experimental infection with F. hepatica. Lymph nodes from uninfected and infected animals were processed for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) at 16 weeks post-infection. Comparison of groups revealed 5,132 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs). An inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways, which has previously been described during fasciolosis, was evident in our data. However, other signals previously identified in ruminant peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or liver tissue, such as activation of TGF-β or apoptosis-related pathways were not detected. We found inhibition of some key immunological pathways, including natural killer (NK) cell activity and IgE-mediated signaling. These may point to additional some as yet unrecognized mechanisms employed by the parasite to evade the host immune response. Understanding these, and leveraging information from this and other omics studies, will be important for the development of future vaccine prototypes against this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina N Correia
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Verónica Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - John A Browne
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - José Pérez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Mulcahy
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Ricafrente A, Nguyen H, Tran N, Donnelly S. An Evaluation of the Fasciola hepatica miRnome Predicts a Targeted Regulation of Mammalian Innate Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 11:608686. [PMID: 33584684 PMCID: PMC7878377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms by which parasitic worms (helminths) control their hosts’ immune responses is critical to the development of effective new disease interventions. Fasciola hepatica, a global scourge of humans and their livestock, suppresses host innate immune responses within hours of infection, ensuring that host protective responses are quickly incapacitated. This allows the parasite to freely migrate from the intestine, through the liver to ultimately reside in the bile duct, where the parasite establishes a chronic infection that is largely tolerated by the host. The recent identification of micro(mi)RNA, small RNAs that regulate gene expression, within the extracellular vesicles secreted by helminths suggest that these non-coding RNAs may have a role in the parasite-host interplay. To date, 77 miRNAs have been identified in F. hepatica comprising primarily of ancient conserved species of miRNAs. We hypothesized that many of these miRNAs are utilized by the parasite to regulate host immune signaling pathways. To test this theory, we first compiled all of the known published F. hepatica miRNAs and critically curated their sequences and annotations. Then with a focus on the miRNAs expressed by the juvenile worms, we predicted gene targets within human innate immune cells. This approach revealed the existence of targets within every immune cell, providing evidence for the universal management of host immunology by this parasite. Notably, there was a high degree of redundancy in the potential for the parasite to regulate the activation of dendritic cells, eosinophils and neutrophils, with multiple miRNAs predicted to act on singular gene targets within these cells. This original exploration of the Fasciola miRnome offers the first molecular insight into mechanisms by which F. hepatica can regulate the host protective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Ricafrente
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Hieu Nguyen
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Nham Tran
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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7
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González-Miguel J, Becerro-Recio D, Siles-Lucas M. Insights into Fasciola hepatica Juveniles: Crossing the Fasciolosis Rubicon. Trends Parasitol 2020; 37:35-47. [PMID: 33067132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unraveling the molecular interactions governing the first contact between parasite and host tissues is of paramount importance to the development of effective control strategies against parasites. In fasciolosis, a foodborne trematodiasis caused mainly by Fasciola hepatica, these early interactions occur between the juvenile worm and the host intestinal wall a few hours after ingestion of metacercariae, the infectious stage of the parasite. However, research on these early events is still scarce and the majority of studies have focused on the adult worm. Here, we review current knowledge on the biology and biochemistry of F. hepatica juveniles and their molecular relationships with the host tissues and identify the research needs and gaps to be covered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier González-Miguel
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), C/Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - David Becerro-Recio
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), C/Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mar Siles-Lucas
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), C/Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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8
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Ruiz-Campillo MT, Molina-Hernández V, Bautista MJ, Pacheco IL, Zafra R, Buffoni L, Martínez-Moreno FJ, Martínez-Moreno A, Pérez J. Characterization of dendritic cells and follicular dendritic cells in the hepatic lymph nodes and liver of sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Vet Res 2020; 51:33. [PMID: 32131896 PMCID: PMC7055113 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica has been shown to have a high capacity for immunomodulation of the host response, making the development of protective vaccines extremely difficult. One of these immunomodulation mechanisms is the impairment of dendritic cells (DC) maturation and, therefore, suppression of antigenic presentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathological changes as well as the characterization of two antigen presenting cells, DC (CD1b, CD83 and MHC-II positive) and follicular dendritic cells (FDC) (CNA.42, S100 and CD83 positive) by immunohistochemistry in the hepatic lymph nodes (HLN) and livers of sheep during the early stages of infection with F. hepatica [9 and 18 days post-infection (dpi)], compared with an uninfected group (UC) as a control. The results revealed a marked hyperplasia of HLN germinal centres at 9 and, in particular, 18 dpi, with respect to the UC group, with coincidental increased expression of CNA.42 in FDC of lymphoid follicles and CD1b in the DC of paracortical areas at 18 dpi. However, the expression of MHC-II and CD83 decreased at 9 and, particularly, at 18 dpi in HLN compared with that in the UC group. Since both markers are related to active presentation of antigens by DC and FDC, the results of the present study suggest that, despite the marked hyperplasia of HLN and increase in DC and FDC numbers during early stages of infection, the DC and FDC antigenic presentation capacity, as suggested by the expression of the markers MHC-II and CD83, is suppressed by the parasite. This suppression was not observed in the liver, probably because of the low number of DC. This is the first study of the immunophenotype of DCs and FDC in sheep infected with F. hepatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Ruiz-Campillo
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Verónica Molina-Hernández
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - María José Bautista
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isabel L Pacheco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Zafra
- Department of Animal Health (Parasitology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Leandro Buffoni
- Department of Animal Health (Parasitology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Martínez-Moreno
- Department of Animal Health (Parasitology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alvaro Martínez-Moreno
- Department of Animal Health (Parasitology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Pérez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
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Swan J, Sakthivel D, Cameron TC, Faou P, Downs R, Rajapaksha H, Piedrafita D, Beddoe T. Proteomic identification of galectin-11 and -14 ligands from Fasciola hepatica. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:921-932. [PMID: 31560927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a globally distributed zoonotic trematode that causes fasciolosis in livestock, wildlife, ruminants and humans. Fasciolosis causes a significant economic impact on the agricultural sector and affects human health. Due to the increasing prevalence of triclabendazole resistance in F. hepatica, alternative treatment methods are required. Many protein antigens have been trialled as vaccine candidates with low success, however, the tegument of F. hepatica is highly glycosylated and the parasite-derived glycoconjugate molecules have been identified as an important mediator in host-parasite interactions and as prime targets for the host immune system. Galectin-11 (LGALS-11) and galectin-14 (LGALS-14) are two ruminant-specific glycan-binding proteins, showing upregulation in the bile duct of sheep infected with F. hepatica, which are believed to mediate host-parasite interaction and innate immunity against internal parasites. For the first known time, this study presents the ligand profile of whole worm and tegument extracts of F. hepatica that interacted with immobilised LGALS-11 and LGALS-14. LGALS-14 interacted with a total of 255 F. hepatica proteins. The protein which had the greatest interaction was identified as an uncharacterised protein which contained a C-type lectin domain. Many of the other proteins identified were previously trialled vaccine candidates including glutathione S-transferase, paramyosin, cathepsin L, cathepsin B, fatty acid binding protein and leucine aminopeptidase. In comparison to LGALS-14, LGALS-11 interacted with only 49 F. hepatica proteins and it appears to have a much smaller number of binding partners in F. hepatica. This is, to our knowledge, the first time host-specific lectins have been used for the enrichment of F. hepatica glycoproteins and this study has identified a number of glycoproteins that play critical roles in host-parasite interactions which have the potential to be novel vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Swan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for AgriBioscience (AgriBio), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia; Centre for Livestock Interactions with Pathogens (CLiP), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Dhanasekaran Sakthivel
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for AgriBioscience (AgriBio), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Timothy C Cameron
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for AgriBioscience (AgriBio), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia; Centre for Livestock Interactions with Pathogens (CLiP), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Pierre Faou
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Rachael Downs
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Harinda Rajapaksha
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - David Piedrafita
- School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Victoria 3842, Australia
| | - Travis Beddoe
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for AgriBioscience (AgriBio), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia; Centre for Livestock Interactions with Pathogens (CLiP), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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10
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Garcia-Campos A, Correia CN, Naranjo-Lucena A, Garza-Cuartero L, Farries G, Browne JA, MacHugh DE, Mulcahy G. Fasciola hepatica Infection in Cattle: Analyzing Responses of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) Using a Transcriptomics Approach. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2081. [PMID: 31555289 PMCID: PMC6727689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasitic helminth Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) causes economic loss to the livestock industry globally and also causes zoonotic disease. New control strategies such as vaccines are urgently needed, due to the rise of drug resistance in parasite populations. Vaccine development requires a comprehensive understanding of the immunological events during infection. Previous in vivo studies by our group have investigated global differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in response to both acute and chronic F. hepatica infection. This work demonstrated that pathways involved in the pathogenesis of ovine fasciolosis included fibrosis, inhibition of macrophage nitric oxide production, and antibody isotype switching, among others. Transcriptomic changes in PBMC populations following F. hepatica infection in cattle, in which the disease phenotype is quite different, have not yet been examined. Using RNA sequencing we investigated gene expression changes in PBMC isolated from 9 non-infected and 11 F. hepatica-experimentally-infected calves immediately before infection, at 1 and at 14 weeks post-infection. Longitudinal time-course comparisons between groups revealed 21 and 1,624 DEGs driven exclusively by F. hepatica infection in cattle at acute and chronic stages, respectively. These results show that fewer DEGs at the acute stage of infection can be identified in cattle, as compared with sheep. In addition, the log2 fold-changes of these DEGs were relatively low (−1 to 3) reflecting the different clinical presentation of F. hepatica infection in cattle. Gene pathways for hepatic fibrosis and hepatic cholestasis along with apoptosis of antigen-presenting cells were enriched at chronic stages. Our results reflect the major differences in the disease phenotype between cattle and sheep and may indicate pathways to target in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina N Correia
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Gabriella Farries
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John A Browne
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Mulcahy
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Zhang FK, Hu RS, Elsheikha HM, Sheng ZA, Zhang WY, Zheng WB, Zhu XQ, He JJ. Global serum proteomic changes in water buffaloes infected with Fasciola gigantica. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:281. [PMID: 31159882 PMCID: PMC6547537 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver fluke Fasciola gigantica modulates several signaling pathways in infected buffaloes to facilitate its survival and establishment of persistent infection. In response to the parasite invasion, buffaloes activate innate and adaptive immune responses to counter the parasite infection. To detect new proteins that might be involved in the interaction between F. gigantica and the buffaloes, and that also might serve as biomarkers for fasciolosis, we used proteomic techniques to study the serum proteome of buffaloes during F. gigantica infection. Here, we used an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic approach to identify serum proteins that are differentially expressed in infected buffaloes compared to uninfected control buffaloes. Additionally, we applied a parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assay to validate specific proteins identified by the iTRAQ method. RESULTS A total of 313, 459 and 399 proteins were identified at 3, 42 and 70 days post-infection, respectively; of these 92, 93 and 138 were differentially abundant proteins. Some of the identified differentially abundant proteins, including complement factor H related 5, complement component C6, complement component C7, amine oxidase, plasma serine protease inhibitor and lysozyme, are known to be involved in complement system activation, blood coagulation, platelet activation, lymphocyte's adhesion and lysozyme hydrolysis. Analysis of data for all three time points after infection identified six significantly upregulated proteins in infected serum that separated infected and uninfected buffaloes into distinct clusters. Further PRM analysis confirmed the expression of five proteins, namely MHC class I antigen, Beta-2-microglobulin, NID2 protein, Fetuin-B and Fibrinogen gamma-B chain. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide novel insights into the serum proteomics signature of buffaloes during F. gigantica infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Si Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Zhao-An Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Twomey AJ, Berry DP, Evans RD, Doherty ML, Graham DA, Purfield DC. Genome-wide association study of endo-parasite phenotypes using imputed whole-genome sequence data in dairy and beef cattle. Genet Sel Evol 2019; 51:15. [PMID: 30999842 PMCID: PMC6471778 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-019-0457-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative genetic studies suggest the existence of variation at the genome level that affects the ability of cattle to resist to parasitic diseases. The objective of the current study was to identify regions of the bovine genome that are associated with resistance to endo-parasites. METHODS Individual cattle records were available for Fasciola hepatica-damaged liver from 18 abattoirs. Deregressed estimated breeding values (EBV) for F. hepatica-damaged liver were generated for genotyped animals with a record for F. hepatica-damaged liver and for genotyped sires with a least one progeny record for F. hepatica-damaged liver; 3702 animals were available. In addition, individual cow records for antibody response to F. hepatica on 6388 genotyped dairy cows, antibody response to Ostertagia ostertagi on 8334 genotyped dairy cows and antibody response to Neospora caninum on 4597 genotyped dairy cows were adjusted for non-genetic effects. Genotypes were imputed to whole-sequence; after edits, 14,190,141 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 16,603,644 SNPs were available for cattle with deregressed EBV for F. hepatica-damaged liver and cows with an antibody response to a parasitic disease, respectively. Association analyses were undertaken using linear regression on one SNP at a time, in which a genomic relationship matrix accounted for the relationships between animals. RESULTS Genomic regions for F. hepatica-damaged liver were located on Bos taurus autosomes (BTA) 1, 8, 11, 16, 17 and 18; each region included at least one SNP with a p value lower than 10-6. Five SNPs were identified as significant (q value < 0.05) for antibody response to N. caninum and were located on BTA21 or 25. For antibody response to F. hepatica and O. ostertagi, six and nine quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions that included at least one SNP with a p value lower than 10-6 were identified, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed a significant association between functional annotations related to the olfactory system and QTL that were suggestively associated with endo-parasite phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS A number of novel genomic regions were suggestively associated with endo-parasite phenotypes across the bovine genome and two genomic regions on BTA21 and 25 were associated with antibody response to N. caninum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Twomey
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Donagh P Berry
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Ross D Evans
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Highfield House, Bandon, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael L Doherty
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David A Graham
- Animal Health Ireland, Carrick on Shannon, Co. Leitrim, Ireland
| | - Deirdre C Purfield
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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13
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Cwiklinski K, Donnelly S, Drysdale O, Jewhurst H, Smith D, De Marco Verissimo C, Pritsch IC, O'Neill S, Dalton JP, Robinson MW. The cathepsin-like cysteine peptidases of trematodes of the genus Fasciola. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2019; 104:113-164. [PMID: 31030768 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis caused by trematode parasites of the genus Fasciola is a global disease of livestock, particularly cattle, sheep, water buffalo and goats. It is also a major human zoonosis with reports suggesting that 2.4-17 million people are infected worldwide, and 91.1 million people currently living at risk of infection. A unique feature of these worms is their reliance on a family of developmentally-regulated papain-like cysteine peptidases, termed cathepsins. These proteolytic enzymes play central roles in virulence, infection, tissue migration and modulation of host innate and adaptive immune responses. The availability of a Fasciola hepatica genome, and the exploitation of transcriptomic and proteomic technologies to probe parasite growth and development, has enlightened our understanding of the cathepsin-like cysteine peptidases. Here, we clarify the structure of the cathepsin-like cysteine peptidase families and, in this context, review the phylogenetics, structure, biochemistry and function of these enzymes in the host-parasite relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Cwiklinski
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Orla Drysdale
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Jewhurst
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Izanara C Pritsch
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sandra O'Neill
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - John P Dalton
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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14
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Pérez-Caballero R, Javier Martínez-Moreno F, Zafra R, Molina-Hernández V, Pacheco IL, Teresa Ruiz-Campillo M, Escamilla A, Pérez J, Martínez-Moreno Á, Buffoni L. Comparative dynamics of peritoneal cell immunophenotypes in sheep during the early and late stages of the infection with Fasciola hepatica by flow cytometric analysis. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:640. [PMID: 30547823 PMCID: PMC6295066 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The peritoneal cell populations (PCP) are thought to play a crucial role during the early immune response in Fasciola hepatica infection while newly excysted juveniles (NEJ) are migrating in the peritoneal cavity (PC) towards the liver. In this study, we aimed to determine the immunophenotypes of the PCP and to analyse the dynamics of the recruitment of the PCP during the early and late stage of the infection in sheep infected with F. hepatica. Methods Thirty-seven sheep were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 20) and 2 (n = 10) were challenged with F. hepatica, Group 3 (n = 7) was not infected and remained as uninfected control (UC). After the slaughtering, peritoneal lavages were carried out to isolate peritoneal cell populations at 1, 3, 9 and 18 days post-infection (dpi) for Group 1 and at 14 weeks post-infection (wpi) for Group 2 and 3. Flow cytometry was conducted to assess the dynamics of peritoneal cavity cell populations. Results TCD4 cells showed a significant decrease at 1 and 18 dpi when compared to UC; no statistical differences were detected for TCD8 and WC1+γδ during the early stage of the infection with respect to the UC. CD14 cells exhibited a decreasing trend, with a significant decrease at 9 and 18 dpi when compared to the UC. The dynamics of MHCII and CD83 cells showed a similar increasing pattern from 3 to 18 dpi. During the chronic stage, both TCD4 and TCD8 cells showed no significant differences when compared to the UC, although a slight but statistically significant higher level of WC1+γδ cells was observed. A lower percentage of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) was detected with respect to the UC. Conclusions The recruitment of the lymphocytes subsets did not show a significant increase during the course of the infection and only WC1+γδ cells displayed a significant increase at the chronic stage. For the CD14, a decreasing trend was observed during the early stage, which was statistically significant at the chronic stage of the infection. Peritoneal CD83 and MHCII cells developed an increasing trend during the early stage of infection, and showed a significant decrease at the late stage of the infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3250-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Pérez-Caballero
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - F Javier Martínez-Moreno
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Zafra
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Verónica Molina-Hernández
- Anatomy and Comparative Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isabel L Pacheco
- Anatomy and Comparative Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Teresa Ruiz-Campillo
- Anatomy and Comparative Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Escamilla
- Anatomy and Comparative Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Pérez
- Anatomy and Comparative Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Moreno
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Leandro Buffoni
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
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15
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El-Ashram S, Li C, Abouhajer F, Mehmood R, Al Nasr I, Zhang Y, Lu T, Yili D, Suo X, Haoji Z, Li Z, Huang S. An ex vivo abomasal ovine model to study the immediate immune response in the context of Haemonchus contortus larval-stage. Vet Parasitol 2018; 254:105-113. [PMID: 29656994 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have set up an ex vivo ovine abomasal model, which can mimic the multicellular process to explore the early steps in haemonchine nematode infection using RNA-seq technology. Ovine abomasal explants were collected for histological and transcriptional analysis and supernatants collected to quantitate lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes. Atotal of 233 were substantially induced genes between L4-inoculated and uninoculated-control tissues, respectively. However, a total of 14 were considerably down-regulated genes between the 51 aforementioned tissues. Fifteen pathways were annotated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes, and Genomes pathway analysis accounted for the significant percentage in immediate response to larval-stage of H. contortus. Key genes upregulated in response to the addition of L4-inoculum of H. contortus were IL-6, IL-8, C1q, Atypical chemokine receptor-3, chemokine ligand-2, manganese superoxide dismutase, integrin alpha-7, -8, -9, integrin subunit beta-1, integrin subunit beta 6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and actin alpha-1. This study shows for the first time that galectin-1 is up-regulated in an ex vivo abomasal segment model exposed to L4-inoculum of H. contortus following 6 h of incubation. The abomasal segment model has been shown to be a suitable tool to study the haemonchine larval-stage effects on the ovine abomasal tissues prior to in vivo assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Faculty of Science, Kafr ElSheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt.
| | - Cuiping Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fathi Abouhajer
- Faculty of Education, Asmarya University for Islamic Sciences, Zliten, Libya
| | - Rashid Mehmood
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Kotli, AJ&K Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim Al Nasr
- College of Science and Arts in Unaizah, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia; College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University (Northern Campus), Shishan, Naihai district of Foshan City, Guangdong Province 528231, China
| | - Tang Lu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University (Northern Campus), Shishan, Naihai district of Foshan City, Guangdong Province 528231, China
| | - Ding Yili
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xun Suo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhang Haoji
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhili Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shujian Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China.
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16
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Cwiklinski K, Dalton JP. Advances in Fasciola hepatica research using 'omics' technologies. Int J Parasitol 2018; 48:321-331. [PMID: 29476869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The liver fluke Fasciola hepatica is an economically important pathogen of livestock worldwide, as well as being an important neglected zoonosis. Parasite control is reliant on the use of drugs, particularly triclabendazole, which is effective against multiple parasite stages. However, the spread of parasites resistant to triclabendazole has intensified the pursuit for novel control strategies. Emerging 'omics' technologies are helping advance our understanding of liver fluke biology, specifically the molecules that act at the host-parasite interface and are central to infection, virulence and long-term survival within the definitive host. This review discusses the technological sequencing advances that have facilitated the unbiased analysis of liver fluke biology, resulting in an extensive range of 'omics' datasets. In addition, we highlight the 'omics' studies of host responses to F. hepatica infection that, when combined with the parasite datasets, provide the opportunity for integrated analyses of host-parasite interactions. These extensive datasets will form the foundation for future in-depth analysis of F. hepatica biology and development, and the search for new drug or vaccine interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Cwiklinski
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - John P Dalton
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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17
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Abouhajer F, El-Ashram S, Karama M, Huang S, Liu JF. An ex vivo ruminal ovine model to study the immediate immune response in the context of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 18:277-285. [PMID: 29429072 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have set up an ex vivo ovine ruminal model, which can mimic the multicellular process to explore the early steps in Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation using RNA-seq technology. Ovine ruminal explants were collected for histological and transcriptional analysis and supernatants collected to quantitate lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes. A total of 8 and 523 genes were significantly over-expressed between LPS-treated and control tissues at 6 and 12 h, respectively. However, six and seven hundred and thirteen genes were substantially repressed between the aforementioned tissues, correspondingly. Key genes up-regulated in response to the addition of LPS were tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interlukin (IL)-1 beta(b), IL-6, IL-8, IL-17B, IL-19, MMP-1, MMP-3, and integrin alpha 2 (ITGA8, 9). This study shows for the first time that galectin-1 is up-regulated in an ex vivo ruminal segment model exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide following 6 h of incubation. The ruminal segment model has been shown to be a suitable tool to study the bacterial lipopolysaccharide effects on the ovine ruminal tissues prior to in vivo assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathi Abouhajer
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Faculty of Education, Asmarya University for Islamic Sciences, Zliten, Libya
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- College of life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China.
- Faculty of Science, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Musafiri Karama
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shujian Huang
- College of life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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18
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Cwiklinski K, Jewhurst H, McVeigh P, Barbour T, Maule AG, Tort J, O'Neill SM, Robinson MW, Donnelly S, Dalton JP. Infection by the Helminth Parasite Fasciola hepatica Requires Rapid Regulation of Metabolic, Virulence, and Invasive Factors to Adjust to Its Mammalian Host. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:792-809. [PMID: 29321187 PMCID: PMC5880117 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasite Fasciola hepatica infects a broad range of mammals with
impunity. Following ingestion of parasites (metacercariae) by the host, newly
excysted juveniles (NEJ) emerge from their cysts, rapidly penetrate the duodenal wall
and migrate to the liver. Successful infection takes just a few hours and involves
negotiating hurdles presented by host macromolecules, tissues and micro-environments,
as well as the immune system. Here, transcriptome and proteome analysis of ex
vivo F. hepatica metacercariae and NEJ reveal the rapidity and multitude
of metabolic and developmental alterations that take place in order for the parasite
to establish infection. We found that metacercariae despite being encased in a cyst
are metabolically active, and primed for infection. Following excystment, NEJ expend
vital energy stores and rapidly adjust their metabolic pathways to cope with their
new and increasingly anaerobic environment. Temperature increases induce neoblast
proliferation and the remarkable up-regulation of genes associated with growth and
development. Cysteine proteases synthesized by gastrodermal cells are secreted to
facilitate invasion and tissue degradation, and tegumental transporters, such as
aquaporins, are varied to deal with osmotic/salinity changes. Major proteins of the
total NEJ secretome include proteases, protease inhibitors and anti-oxidants, and an
array of immunomodulators that likely disarm host innate immune effector cells. Thus,
the challenges of infection by F. hepatica parasites are met by
rapid metabolic and physiological adjustments that expedite tissue invasion and
immune evasion; these changes facilitate parasite growth, development and maturation.
Our molecular analysis of the critical processes involved in host invasion has
identified key targets for future drug and vaccine strategies directed at preventing
parasite infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Cwiklinski
- From the ‡School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK;
| | - Heather Jewhurst
- From the ‡School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paul McVeigh
- From the ‡School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.,§Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tara Barbour
- From the ‡School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Aaron G Maule
- From the ‡School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.,§Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jose Tort
- ¶Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | | | - Mark W Robinson
- From the ‡School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.,§Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- **The i3 Institute and School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - John P Dalton
- From the ‡School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.,§Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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19
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Zhang FK, Hou JL, Guo AJ, Tian AL, Sheng ZA, Zheng WB, Huang WY, Elsheikha HM, Zhu XQ. Expression profiles of genes involved in TLRs and NLRs signaling pathways of water buffaloes infected with Fasciola gigantica. Mol Immunol 2017; 94:18-26. [PMID: 29241030 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Infection of ruminants and humans with Fasciola gigantica is attracting increasing attention due to its economic impact and public health significance. However, little is known of innate immune responses during F. gigantica infection. Here, we investigated the expression profiles of genes involved in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) signaling pathways in buffaloes infected with 500F. gigantica metacercariae. Serum, liver and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were collected from infected and control buffaloes at 3, 10, 28, and 70days post infection (dpi). Then, the levels of 12 cytokines in serum samples were evaluated by ELISA. Also, the levels of expression of 42 genes, related to TLRs and NLRs signaling, in liver and PBMCs were determined using custom RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays. At 3 dpi, modest activation of TLR4 and TLR8 and the adaptor protein (TICAM1) was detected. At 10 dpi, NF-κB1 and Interferon Regulatory Factor signaling pathways were upregulated along with activation of TLR1, TLR2, TLR6, TLR10, TRAF6, IRF3, TBK1, CASP1, CD80, and IFNA1 in the liver, and inflammatory response with activated TLR4, TLR9, TICAM1, NF-κB1, NLRP3, CD86, IL-1B, IL-6, and IL-8 in PBMCs. At 28 dpi, there was increase in the levels of cytokines along with induction of NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes-dependent immune responses in the liver and PBMCs. At 70 dpi, F. gigantica activated TLRs and NLRs, and their downstream interacting molecules. The activation of TLR7/9 signaling (perhaps due to increased B-cell maturation and activation) and upregulation of NLRP3 gene were also detected. These findings indicate that F. gigantica alters the expression of TLRs and NLRs genes to evade host immune defenses. Elucidation of the roles of the downstream effectors interacting with these genes may aid in the development of new interventions to control disease caused by F. gigantica infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China.
| | - Jun-Ling Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Ai-Jiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Ai-Ling Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Zhao-An Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530005, PR China
| | - Wen-Bin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Wei-Yi Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530005, PR China
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China.
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Ruiz-Campillo MT, Molina Hernandez V, Escamilla A, Stevenson M, Perez J, Martinez-Moreno A, Donnelly S, Dalton JP, Cwiklinski K. Immune signatures of pathogenesis in the peritoneal compartment during early infection of sheep with Fasciola hepatica. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2782. [PMID: 28584245 PMCID: PMC5459796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune signatures of sheep acutely-infected with Fasciola hepatica, an important pathogen of livestock and humans were analysed within the peritoneal compartment to investigate early infection. Within the peritoneum, F. hepatica antibodies coincided with an intense innate and adaptive cellular immune response, with infiltrating leukocytes and a marked eosinophilia (49%). However, while cytokine qPCR analysis revealed IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-23 and TGFβ were elevated, these were not statistically different at 18 days post-infection compared to uninfected animals indicating that the immune response is muted and not yet skewed to a Th2 type response that is associated with chronic disease. Proteomic analysis of the peritoneal fluid identified infection-related proteins, including several structural proteins derived from the liver extracellular matrix, connective tissue and epithelium, and proteins related to the immune system. Periostin and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), molecules that mediate leukocyte infiltration and are associated with inflammatory disorders involving marked eosinophilia (e.g. asthma), were particularly elevated in the peritoneum. Immuno-histochemical studies indicated that the source of periostin and VCAM-1 was the inflamed sheep liver tissue. This study has revealed previously unknown aspects of the immunology and pathogenesis associated with acute fascioliasis in the peritoneum and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronica Molina Hernandez
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Michael Stevenson
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jose Perez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Sheila Donnelly
- The i3 Institute & School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - John P Dalton
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Krystyna Cwiklinski
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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21
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Early and late gene expression profiles of the ovine mucosa in response to Haemonchus contortus infection employing Illumina RNA-seq technology. Parasitol Int 2017; 66:681-692. [PMID: 28552633 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We conducted herein transcriptome sequencing of the ovine abomasal tissues using the Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform to segregate early and late H. contortus-infected sheep (7 and 50days post-infected groups, respectively) from the control naive ones. A total of 548, 357 and 7 were substantially induced genes in 7days post-infection versus uninfected-control group, 50days post-infection versus 7days post-infection (7dpi), and 50days post-infection (50dpi) versus uninfected-control group, respectively. However, a total of 301, 355 and 11 were significantly repressed genes between 7dpi versus uninfected-control group, 50dpi versus 7dpi, and 50dpi versus uninfected-control group, correspondingly. This indicates that H. contortus infection induced a more potent activation of abomasal gene expression in the early stage of infection as compared to the late stage. Seven pathways were annotated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes, and Genomes pathway analysis accounted for the significant percentage in early H. contortus infection. This study shows for the first time that both galectin-11 and matricellular protein osteopontin are up-regulated in abomasal tissue after chronic H. contortus infection, while galectin-4 is specifically down-regulated in the early infection. Additionally, our results showed that the induction or repression of these molecules is likely to determine the infection progression.
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Fu Y, Browne JA, Killick K, Mulcahy G. Network Analysis of the Systemic Response to Fasciola hepatica Infection in Sheep Reveals Changes in Fibrosis, Apoptosis, Toll-Like Receptors 3/4, and B Cell Function. Front Immunol 2017; 8:485. [PMID: 28487699 PMCID: PMC5403899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Trematode Fasciola hepatica is an important cause of disease in livestock and in man. Modulation of immunity is a critical strategy used by this parasite to facilitate its long-term survival in the host. Understanding the underlying mechanisms at a system level is important for the development of novel control strategies, such as vaccination, as well as for increasing general understanding of helminth-mediated immunoregulation and its consequences. Our previous RNA sequencing work identified a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEG) from ovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at acute and chronic stages of F. hepatica infection, and yielded important information on host–parasite interaction, with particular reference to the immune response. To extend our understanding of the immunoregulatory effects of this parasite, we employed InnateDB to further analyze the DEG dataset and identified 2,458 and 224 molecular interactions in the context of innate immunity from the acute and chronic stages of infection, respectively. Notably, 458 interactions at the acute stage of infection were manually curated from studies involving PBMC-related cell-types, which guaranteed confident hypothesis generation. NetworkAnalyst was subsequently used to construct and visualize molecular networks. Two complementary strategies (function-first and connection-first) were conducted to interpret the networks. The function-first approach highlighted subnetworks implicated in regulation of Toll-like receptor 3/4 signaling in both acute and chronic infections. The connection-first approach highlighted regulation of intrinsic apoptosis and B-cell receptor-signaling during acute and chronic infections, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first system level analysis of the regulation of host innate immunity during F. hepatica infection. It provides insights into the profound changes induced by F. hepatica infection that not only favors parasite survival into chronic infection but also impedes the host’s immune response to other pathogens, and render vaccination against fasciolosis a difficult challenge. The information provided will be useful in the design of specific vaccine protocols to overcome parasite-mediated immunoregulation and in furthering general understanding of the interplay between helminth infection and host immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John A Browne
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kate Killick
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Mulcahy
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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23
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Zhang FK, Zhang XX, Elsheikha HM, He JJ, Sheng ZA, Zheng WB, Ma JG, Huang WY, Guo AJ, Zhu XQ. Transcriptomic responses of water buffalo liver to infection with the digenetic fluke Fasciola gigantica. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:56. [PMID: 28143561 PMCID: PMC5286860 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-1990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fasciola gigantica, the tropical liver fluke, infects buffaloes in Asian and African countries and causes significant economic losses and poses public health threat in these countries. However, little is known of the transcriptional response of buffaloes to infection with F. gigantica. The objective of the present study was to perform the first transcriptomic analysis of buffalo liver infected by F. gigantica. Understanding the mechanisms that underpin F. gigantica infection in buffaloes will contribute to our ability to control this parasite. Methods We challenged buffaloes with 500 viable F. gigantica metacercariae and collected liver samples through a time course at 3, 42 and 70 days post-infection (dpi). Then, we performed gene expression analysis on liver samples using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) Illumina technology and confirmed the RNA-Seq data by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Results Totals of 496, 880 and 441 differentially expressed transcripts were identified in the infected livers at 3, 42 and 70 dpi, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that transcriptional changes in the liver of infected buffaloes evolve over the course of infection. The predominant response of buffaloes to infection was mediated by certain pathways, such as MHC antigen processing and presentation, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and the cytochrome P450. Hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and bile secretion were also affected. Conclusions Fasciola gigantica can induce statistically significant and biologically plausible differences in the hepatic gene expression of infected buffaloes. These findings provide new insights into the response of buffaloes to F. gigantica over the course of infection, which may be useful in determining pathways that can modulate host-parasite interaction and thus potentially important for clearance of the parasite. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-1990-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jun-Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-An Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Gang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yi Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Jiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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Fu Y, Chryssafidis AL, Browne JA, O'Sullivan J, McGettigan PA, Mulcahy G. Transcriptomic Study on Ovine Immune Responses to Fasciola hepatica Infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005015. [PMID: 27661612 PMCID: PMC5035020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasciola hepatica is not only responsible for major economic losses in livestock farming, but is also a major food-borne zoonotic agent, with 180 million people being at risk of infection worldwide. This parasite is sophisticated in manipulating the hosts' immune system to benefit its own survival. A better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning this immunomodulation is crucial for the development of control strategies such as vaccines. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS This in vivo study investigated the global gene expression changes of ovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) response to both acute & chronic infection of F. hepatica, and revealed 6490 and 2364 differential expressed genes (DEGS), respectively. Several transcriptional regulators were predicted to be significantly inhibited (e.g. IL12 and IL18) or activated (e.g. miR155-5p) in PBMC during infection. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis highlighted a series of immune-associated pathways involved in the response to infection, including 'Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) signaling', 'Production of Nitric Oxide in Macrophages', 'Toll-like Receptor (TLRs) Signaling', 'Death Receptor Signaling' and 'IL17 Signaling'. We hypothesize that activation of pathways relevant to fibrosis in ovine chronic infection, may differ from those seen in cattle. Potential mechanisms behind immunomodulation in F. hepatica infection are a discussed. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, the present study performed global transcriptomic analysis of ovine PBMC, the primary innate/adaptive immune cells, in response to infection with F. hepatica, using deep-sequencing (RNAseq). This dataset provides novel information pertinent to understanding of the pathological processes in fasciolosis, as well as a base from which to further refine development of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
| | | | - John A. Browne
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jack O'Sullivan
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul A. McGettigan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Mulcahy
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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