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García V, Lestón L, Parga A, García-Meniño I, Fernández J, Otero A, Olsen JE, Herrero-Fresno A, Mora A. Genomics, biofilm formation and infection of bladder epithelial cells in potentially uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) from animal sources and human urinary tract infections (UTIs) further support food-borne transmission. One Health 2023; 16:100558. [PMID: 37363240 PMCID: PMC10288081 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the main cause of urinary tract infections (UTI). While genomic comparison of specific clones recovered from animals, and human extraintestinal infections show high identity, studies demonstrating the uropathogenicity are lacking. In this study, comparative genomics combined with bladder-cell and biofilm formation assays, were performed for 31 E. coli of different origins: 7 from meat (poultry, beef, and pork); 2 from avian-farm environment; 12 from human uncomplicated UTI, uUTI; and 10 from human complicated UTI, cUTI. These isolates were selected based on their genetic uropathogenic (UPEC) status and phylogenetic background. In silico analysis revealed similar virulence-gene profiles, with flagella, type 1 and curli fimbriae, outer-membrane proteins (agn43, ompT, iha), and iron-uptake (iutA, entA, and fyuA) associated-traits as the most prevalent (>65%). In bladder-cell assays, moderate to strong values of association (83%, 60%, 77.8%) and invasion (0%, 70%, 55.5%) were exhibited by uUTI, cUTI, and animal-derived isolates, respectively. Of interest, uUTI isolates exhibited a significantly lower invasive capacity than cUTI isolates (p < 0.05). All isolates but one produced measurable biofilm. Notably, 1 turkey meat isolate O11:H6-F-ST457, and 2 cUTI isolates of the pandemic lineages O83:H42-F-ST1485-CC648 and O25b:H4-B2-ST131, showed strong association, invasion and biofilm formation. These isolates showed common carriage of type 1 fimbriae and csg operons, toxins (hlyF, tsh), iron uptake systems (iutA, entA, iroN), colicins, protectins (cvaC, iss, kpsM, traT), ompT, and malX. In summary, the similar in vitro behaviour found here for certain E. coli clones of animal origin would further reinforce the role of food-producing animals as a potential source of UPEC. Bladder-cell infection assays, combined with genomics, might be an alternative to in vivo virulence models to assess uropathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa García
- Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Dpto. de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo 27002, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago 15706, Spain
| | - Luz Lestón
- Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Dpto. de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Ana Parga
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía, Edificio CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Isidro García-Meniño
- Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Dpto. de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo 27002, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago 15706, Spain
- Department for Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Javier Fernández
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
- Grupo de Microbiología Traslacional, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
- Research & Innovation, Artificial Intelligence and Statistical Department, Pragmatech AI Solutions, Oviedo 33011, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Otero
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía, Edificio CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - John E. Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Ana Herrero-Fresno
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Azucena Mora
- Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Dpto. de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo 27002, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago 15706, Spain
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Ramezani M, Rezazadeh Zarandi E, Zainodini N, Bahramabadi R, Assar S. Effects of nisin on the expression of virulence genes of methicillin-resistant/sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Iran J Microbiol 2022; 14:874-880. [PMID: 36721439 PMCID: PMC9867616 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v14i6.11262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Few studies have considered potential benefits of probiotic bacteria and their derivatives on human and animal health. Nisin is an antimicrobial agent that is produced by lactobacilli and served as a preservative in foods. This study aims to investigate whether nisin suppresses or decreases the genes involved in the pathogenicity of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA). Materials and Methods MSSA and MRSA strains were cultured at the ¼, ½, and 1 × minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nisin. Next, RNA extraction was performed at the mid-exponential stage of growth, and cDNA was synthesized. The expression of virulence factors was measured by qPCR, and the data were analyzed by the ΔΔCt formula. Results Depending on the incubation times and the Lactobacillus species, the MIC of nisin on MRSA and MSSA observed in 800 and 1600 mg/l, respectively. The qPCR assay showed the expression level of the sea, agrA, and spa genes decreased and the level of the sae gene increased at the sub-MIC of nisin, and no antagonism was observed. Concerning MRSA, the maximum downregulation rate was observed in the sea gene (up to 5.9 folds) while in MSSA, the maximum downregulation rate was noticed in the agrA gene (up to 10 folds). Conclusion Due to the high inhibitory effect of the sub-MIC of nisin on the expression of virulence factor genes in MRSA and MSSA, this compound could potentially reduce the virulence of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ramezani
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Rezazadeh Zarandi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Nahid Zainodini
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Bahramabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Shokrollah Assar
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran,Corresponding author: Shokrollah Assar, Ph.D, Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Tel: +98-3431315021 Fax: +3431315003
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Okada N, Ooi HK, Taira K. Detection of larvae of Toxocara cati and T. tanuki from the muscles of free-ranging layer farm chickens. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1737-41. [PMID: 33740118 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although raw or undercooked livestock meat or viscera has been suggested to be a source of human toxocariasis, there have been few reports on the prevalence of Toxocara larvae in the tissue of livestock animals. To investigate the presence of Toxocara larvae in chickens, we examined 50 culled chickens from a commercial layer farm. The liver, breast meat, and thigh meat were separated individually and artificially digested to examine for the presence of larvae. Nematode larvae were detected in 2 out of 50 chickens. One larva was detected from the breast meat, and it was molecularly identified as Toxocara tanuki. The other from the thigh meat of another chicken was molecularly identified as Toxocara cati. The present study demonstrated for the first time that T. tanuki larvae do infect chickens in the natural environment. The fact that Toxocara spp. larvae were found in muscles of farm chickens suggests that consumption of raw or undercooked chicken meat may present a risk for human toxocariasis.
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Li L, Liu X, Zhou B, Zhang S, Wang G, Ma G, Chen R, Zou Y, Cao W, Li T. Multiple food-borne trematodiases with profound systemic involvement: a case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:526. [PMID: 31200659 PMCID: PMC6570942 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food-borne trematodiases are an important group of neglected global diseases. Affected patients in regions with low prevalence usually experience delayed diagnosis, especially when presenting with atypical clinical symptoms. Here, we presented a rare case of a Chinese patient infected with three food-borne trematodiases. CASE PRESENTATION A 42-year-old man presented with diarrhea, lower extremity edema, and symptoms of cardiac dysfunction. He had a history of intermittent consumption of raw freshwater fishes for 6-7 years. Upon evaluation, he had eosinophilia, anemia, intrahepatic bile duct dilatation and a growing space-occupying lesion in the left atrium. The patient underwent a cardiac surgery which revealed an endocardial hematoma due to mechanical injuries. Imaging investigations also revealed intracranial and pulmonary lesions. A total of three trematodiases were diagnosed based upon microscopic stool examination, from which eggs of Clonorchis sinensis, Heterophyidae and Echinostomatidae were identified. Deposition of Clonorchis sinensis eggs was also observed from ileocecal squash slides. The patient was successfully treated with three cycles of praziquantel. CONCLUSIONS Food-borne trematodiases may present with systemic involvement. Patients with dietary history of high risk or atypical ingestions should be evaluated for parasitic infection, even in non-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinchao Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Baotong Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Guotao Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ruxuan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Beijing Institute of Tropical Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Research on Prevention and Treatment of Tropical Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Taisheng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
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Olsen A, Berg R, Tagel M, Must K, Deksne G, Enemark HL, Alban L, Johansen MV, Nielsen HV, Sandberg M, Lundén A, Stensvold CR, Pires SM, Jokelainen P. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic pigs, sheep, cattle, wild boars, and moose in the Nordic-Baltic region: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2019; 5:e00100. [PMID: 30906889 PMCID: PMC6411595 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxoplasma gondii is an important foodborne zoonotic parasite. Meat of infected animals is presumed to constitute a major source of human infection and may be a driver of geographical variation in the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in humans, which is substantial in the Nordic-Baltic region in northern Europe. However, data on seroprevalence of T. gondii in different animal species used for human consumption are scattered. Methods We conducted a systematic review of seroprevalence studies and meta-analysis to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in five animal species that are raised or hunted for human consumption in the Nordic-Baltic region: domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus), sheep (Ovis aries), cattle (Bos taurus), wild boars (Sus scrofa), and moose (Alces alces). We searched for studies that were conducted between January 1990 and June 2018, and reported in articles, theses, conference abstracts and proceedings, and manuscripts. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify variables influencing the seroprevalence. Findings From a total of 271 studies identified in the systematic review, 32 were included in the meta-analysis. These comprised of 13 studies on domestic pigs, six on sheep, three on cattle, six on wild boars, and four on moose. The estimated pooled seroprevalence of T. gondii was 6% in domestic pigs (CI95%: 3–10%), 23% in sheep (CI95%: 12–36%), 7% in cattle (CI95%: 1–21%), 33% in wild boars (CI95%: 26–41%), and 16% in moose (CI95%: 10–23%). High heterogeneity was observed in the seroprevalence data within each species. In all host species except wild boars, the pooled seroprevalence estimates were significantly higher in animals >1 year of age than in younger animals. Not all studies provided information on animal age, sensitivity and specificity of the serological method employed, and the cut-off values used for defining an animal seropositive. Conclusions A substantial proportion of animals raised or hunted for human consumption in the region had tested positive for T. gondii. This indicates widespread exposure to T. gondii among animals raised or hunted for human consumption in the region. Large variations were observed in the seroprevalence estimates between the studies in the region; however, studies were too few to identify spatial patterns at country-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey Olsen
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Department of Food Safety, Veterinary Issues & Risk Analysis, Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Axelborg, Axeltorv 3, DK-1609 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Berg
- Section for Organismal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maarja Tagel
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kärt Must
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gunita Deksne
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes Str. 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia.,Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str. 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Heidi Larsen Enemark
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, P.O. Box 750, Sentrum, NO-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lis Alban
- Department of Food Safety, Veterinary Issues & Risk Analysis, Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Axelborg, Axeltorv 3, DK-1609 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Vang Johansen
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vedel Nielsen
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Marianne Sandberg
- Department of Food Safety, Veterinary Issues & Risk Analysis, Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Axelborg, Axeltorv 3, DK-1609 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Lundén
- National Veterinary Institute, Department of Microbiology, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Sara M Pires
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 201, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Cwiklinski K, Donnelly S, Drysdale O, Jewhurst H, Smith D, De Marco Verissimo C, Pritsch IC, O'Neill S, Dalton JP, Robinson MW. The cathepsin-like cysteine peptidases of trematodes of the genus Fasciola. Adv Parasitol 2019; 104:113-164. [PMID: 31030768 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis caused by trematode parasites of the genus Fasciola is a global disease of livestock, particularly cattle, sheep, water buffalo and goats. It is also a major human zoonosis with reports suggesting that 2.4-17 million people are infected worldwide, and 91.1 million people currently living at risk of infection. A unique feature of these worms is their reliance on a family of developmentally-regulated papain-like cysteine peptidases, termed cathepsins. These proteolytic enzymes play central roles in virulence, infection, tissue migration and modulation of host innate and adaptive immune responses. The availability of a Fasciola hepatica genome, and the exploitation of transcriptomic and proteomic technologies to probe parasite growth and development, has enlightened our understanding of the cathepsin-like cysteine peptidases. Here, we clarify the structure of the cathepsin-like cysteine peptidase families and, in this context, review the phylogenetics, structure, biochemistry and function of these enzymes in the host-parasite relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Cwiklinski
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Orla Drysdale
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Jewhurst
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Izanara C Pritsch
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sandra O'Neill
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - John P Dalton
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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Gunasegaran T, Rathinam X, Kasi M, Sathasivam K, Sreenivasan S, Subramaniam S. Isolation and identification of salmonella from curry samples and its sensitivity to commercial antibiotics and aqueous extracts of Camelia sinensis (L.) and Trachyspermum ammi (L.). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011; 1:266-9. [PMID: 23569772 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To isolate Salmonella from curry samples and to evaluate the drug sensitivity of the food-borne Salmonella and its susceptibility to specific plant extracts. METHODS Salmonella was isolated from the curry samples by standard microbiological methods and was confirmed by biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted by disc diffusion method using commercially available antibiotics such as ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and penicillin. In addition, the susceptibility of the food-borne Salmonella was also evaluated against the aqueous extracts of Camelia sinensis (L.) Theaceae (tea leaves) and the Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Apiaceae ( ajwain or omum seeds). RESULTS Out of fifty curry samples, only seven samples were identified to have Salmonella contamination. The Salmonella isolates showed a significant drug resistance pattern except for kanamycin. The plant extracts showed a considerable antibacterial activity against the isolates, indicating the presence of antimicrobial principle which can be exploited after complete pharmacological investigations. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates the occurrence of Salmonella in the curry samples, and shows significant drug resistance against most of the commercially available antibiotics, except kanamycin. Antimicrobial effect of the plant extracts against the food-bone Salmonella suggests that dietary including medicinal herbs would be one strategy to manage food borne pathogens.
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Guo Z, Huang J, Shi G, Su CH, Niu JJ. A food-borne outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus GII in a university located in Xiamen City, China. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 28:101-6. [PMID: 25263502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated a diarrhea outbreak that occurred at a university in China to identify the etiological agent of the outbreak, source of infection, mode of transmission, and risk factors. METHODS In this case-control study, we compared the food sources and examined the food and water items consumed between the probable and confirmed cases and the asymptomatic control students, who were selected randomly and frequency-matched by class and age at a ratio of 1:2. RESULTS Out of 7141 students (excluding teachers), 87 (1.2%) developed an illness. Thirty-three of 44 (75%) cases and 11 of 88 (13%) control students had consumed bread products supplied by an unlicensed small bakery (odds ratio 21, 95% confidence interval 8-60). Norovirus GII was detected in seven patients and in a food handler at the bread workshop and his 8-month-old son. CONCLUSIONS The outbreak of gastroenteritis was caused mainly by bread products contaminated with norovirus GII. A food handler with an asymptomatic norovirus GII infection was the possible source of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Guo
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Huang
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Shi
- Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-hao Su
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Jun Niu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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Pavlovic M, Mewes A, Maggipinto M, Schmidt W, Messelhäußer U, Balsliemke J, Hörmansdorfer S, Busch U, Huber I. MALDI-TOF MS based identification of food-borne yeast isolates. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 106:123-128. [PMID: 25193440 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, food-borne yeast isolates (n=96), comprising at least 33 species, were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and conventional methods (API ID 32 C and Phoenix Yeast ID). Discrepancies of both methods were resolved by sequencing the ITS1-5.8S-rRNA-ITS2 region. For ten isolates, mainly classified to Rhodotorula and Trichosporon species, no clear final species identification was possible. 62 isolates were correctly identified to species level using either MALDI-TOF MS or conventional tests. 15 isolates were misidentified when applying conventional assays. In contrary, no species misidentifications were observed after MALDI-TOF MS based classification. In return, 16 isolates were not identifiable after matching their protein fingerprints against MALDI Biotyper 4.0.0.1 library. MALDI TOF MS in-house database update clearly improved the identification. In conclusion, the presented data suggest that MALDI-TOF MS is an appropriate platform for reliable classification and identification of food-borne yeast isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Pavlovic
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - Anne Mewes
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Marzena Maggipinto
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Ute Messelhäußer
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Joachim Balsliemke
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Eggenreuther Weg 43, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hörmansdorfer
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Busch
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Ingrid Huber
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
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Rodriguez-Manzano J, Hundesa A, Calgua B, Carratala A, Maluquer de Motes C, Rusiñol M, Moresco V, Ramos AP, Martínez-Marca F, Calvo M, Monte Barardi CR, Girones R, Bofill-Mas S. Adenovirus and Norovirus Contaminants in Commercially Distributed Shellfish. Food Environ Virol 2014; 6:31-41. [PMID: 24293153 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-013-9133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Shellfish complying with European Regulations based on quantification of fecal bacterial indicators (FIB) are introduced into markets; however, information on viruses, more stable than FIB, is not available in the literature. To assess the presence of noroviruses (NoVs) GI and GII and human adenoviruses (HAdV) in domestic and imported mussels and clams (n = 151) their presence was analyzed during winter seasons (2004-2008) in north-west Spanish markets through a routine surveillance system. All samples tested negative for NoV GI and 13 % were positive for NoV GII. The role of HAdV as viral indicator was evaluated in 20 negative and 10 positive NoV GII samples showing an estimated sensitivity and specificity of HAdV to predict the presence of NoV GII of 100 and 74 % (cut-off 0.5). The levels of HAdV and NoVs and the efficiency of decontamination in shellfish depuration plants (SDP) were evaluated analyzing pre- and post-depurated mussels collected in May-June 2010 from three different SDP. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence and quantification of HAdV between pre- and post-depurated shellfish and between seawater entering and leaving the depuration systems. Moreover, infectious HAdV were detected in depurated mussels. These results confirm previous studies showing that current controls and depuration treatments limiting the number of FIB do not guarantee the absence of viruses in shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Ave., 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ayalkibet Hundesa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Ave., 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Byron Calgua
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Ave., 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Carratala
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Ave., 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Maluquer de Motes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Ave., 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Rusiñol
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Ave., 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Moresco
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Microbiology, Inmunology and Parasitology, CCB, Federal Santa Catarina University (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Microbiology, Inmunology and Parasitology, CCB, Federal Santa Catarina University (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Miquel Calvo
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Regina Monte Barardi
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Microbiology, Inmunology and Parasitology, CCB, Federal Santa Catarina University (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rosina Girones
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Ave., 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sílvia Bofill-Mas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Ave., 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Maluta RP, Fairbrother JM, Stella AE, Rigobelo EC, Martinez R, de Ávila FA. Potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli in healthy, pasture-raised sheep on farms and at the abattoir in Brazil. Vet Microbiol 2013; 169:89-95. [PMID: 24438985 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sheep harbor pathogenic Escherichia coli, which may cause severe disease in humans. In this study, the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) was examined in sheep feces and carcasses on three farms and at an abattoir in Brazil. The isolates were further characterized for the presence of markers recently associated with disease in humans, to investigate their possible origin and role as food-borne pathogens. At the abattoir, 99 carcass samples yielded two STEC and 10 EPEC isolates while 101 fecal samples yielded five EPEC and eight STEC isolates. On the other hand, on the farms, 202 samples yielded 44 STEC and eight EPEC isolates. The 77 isolates were typed by PFGE. Isolates with the same PFGE pattern and also those that were not restricted with XbaI were termed as "clones" (n=49). The isolates of any one clone mostly originated from the same sampling site. In addition, seven isolates encoded for novel Stx2 variants and five for Stx2e, the subtype related to porcine edema disease, which was for the first time isolated from sheep feces and carcasses. Also, three stx2-only isolates harbored genes of predicted Stx2 variants that were formed by A and B subunits of different types including Stx2a and Stx2d. The EPEC isolates were heterogeneous, 21 (91.3%) of them possessing efa1, ehxA, lpfAO113 or paa genes associated with diarrhea in humans. Thus, using markers recently associated with disease, we have demonstrated that E. coli similar to those pathogenic for humans are present in the sheep intestinal microflora, particularly at the abattoir, underlining the potential for food-borne transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Pariz Maluta
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - John Morris Fairbrother
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli (EcL), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| | - Ariel Eurides Stella
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, GO, Brazil
| | - Everlon Cid Rigobelo
- Unidade Diferenciada de Dracena, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Martinez
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Antonio de Ávila
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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