1
|
Mule SN, Saad JS, Sauter IP, Fernandes LR, de Oliveira GS, Quina D, Tano FT, Brandt-Almeida D, Padrón G, Stolf BS, Larsen MR, Cortez M, Palmisano G. The protein map of the protozoan parasite Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum during growth phase transition and temperature stress. J Proteomics 2024; 295:105088. [PMID: 38237666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Leishmania parasites cause a spectrum of diseases termed leishmaniasis, which manifests in two main clinical forms, cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Leishmania promastigotes transit from proliferative exponential to quiescent stationary phases inside the insect vector, a relevant step that recapitulates early molecular events of metacyclogenesis. During the insect blood meal of the mammalian hosts, the released parasites interact initially with the skin, an event marked by temperature changes. Deep knowledge on the molecular events activated during Leishmania-host interactions in each step is crucial to develop better therapies and to understand the pathogenesis. In this study, the proteomes of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis (La), Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (Lb), and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (syn L. L. chagasi) (Lc) were analyzed using quantitative proteomics to uncover the proteome modulation in three different conditions related to growth phases and temperature shifts: 1) exponential phase (Exp); 2) stationary phase (Sta25) and; 3) stationary phase subjected to heat stress (Sta34). Functional validations were performed using orthogonal techniques, focusing on α-tubulin, gp63 and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Species-specific and condition-specific modulation highlights the plasticity of the Leishmania proteome, showing that pathways related to metabolism and cytoskeleton are significantly modulated from exponential to stationary growth phases, while protein folding, unfolded protein binding, signaling and microtubule-based movement were differentially altered during temperature shifts. This study provides an in-depth proteome analysis of three Leishmania spp., and contributes compelling evidence of the molecular alterations of these parasites in conditions mimicking the interaction of the parasites with the insect vector and vertebrate hosts. SIGNIFICANCE: Leishmaniasis disease manifests in two main clinical forms according to the infecting Leishmania species and host immune responses, cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. In Brazil, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is associated with L. braziliensis and L. amazonensis, while visceral leishmaniasis, also called kala-azar, is caused by L. infantum. Leishmania parasites remodel their proteomes during growth phase transition and changes in their mileu imposed by the host, including temperature. In this study, we performed a quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to compare the proteome of three New world Leishmania species, L. amazonensis (La), L. braziliensis (Lb) and L. infantum (syn L. chagasi) (Lc) in three conditions: a) exponential phase at 25 °C (Exp); b) stationary phase at 25 °C (Sta25) and; c) stationary phase subjected to temperature stress at 34 °C (Sta34). This study provides an in-depth proteome analysis of three Leishmania spp. with varying pathophysiological outcomes, and contributes compelling evidence of the molecular alterations of these parasites in conditions mimicking the interaction of the parasites with the insect vector and vertebrate hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ngao Mule
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joyce Silva Saad
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ismael Pretto Sauter
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia Rosa Fernandes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Quina
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabia Tomie Tano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deborah Brandt-Almeida
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Padrón
- Center for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Beatriz Simonsen Stolf
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mauro Cortez
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Analytical Glycoimmunology Group, Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pilling OA, Reis-Cunha JL, Grace CA, Berry ASF, Mitchell MW, Yu JA, Malekshahi CR, Krespan E, Go CK, Lombana C, Song YS, Amorim CF, Lago AS, Carvalho LP, Carvalho EM, Brisson D, Scott P, Jeffares DC, Beiting DP. Selective whole-genome amplification reveals population genetics of Leishmania braziliensis directly from patient skin biopsies. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011230. [PMID: 36940219 PMCID: PMC10063166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, Leishmania braziliensis is the main causative agent of the neglected tropical disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). CL presents on a spectrum of disease severity with a high rate of treatment failure. Yet the parasite factors that contribute to disease presentation and treatment outcome are not well understood, in part because successfully isolating and culturing parasites from patient lesions remains a major technical challenge. Here we describe the development of selective whole genome amplification (SWGA) for Leishmania and show that this method enables culture-independent analysis of parasite genomes obtained directly from primary patient skin samples, allowing us to circumvent artifacts associated with adaptation to culture. We show that SWGA can be applied to multiple Leishmania species residing in different host species, suggesting that this method is broadly useful in both experimental infection models and clinical studies. SWGA carried out directly on skin biopsies collected from patients in Corte de Pedra, Bahia, Brazil, showed extensive genomic diversity. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated that SWGA data can be integrated with published whole genome data from cultured parasite isolates to identify variants unique to specific geographic regions in Brazil where treatment failure rates are known to be high. SWGA provides a relatively simple method to generate Leishmania genomes directly from patient samples, unlocking the potential to link parasite genetics with host clinical phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A. Pilling
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - João L. Reis-Cunha
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Cooper A. Grace
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander S. F. Berry
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Matthew W. Mitchell
- Department of Biology, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jane A. Yu
- Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Clara R. Malekshahi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elise Krespan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christina K. Go
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cláudia Lombana
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yun S. Song
- Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Camila F. Amorim
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alexsandro S. Lago
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lucas P. Carvalho
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz Bahia, Brazil
| | - Edgar M. Carvalho
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz Bahia, Brazil
| | - Dustin Brisson
- Department of Biology, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daniel C. Jeffares
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel P. Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Antonia AL, Barnes AB, Martin AT, Wang L, Ko DC. Variation in Leishmania chemokine suppression driven by diversification of the GP63 virulence factor. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009224. [PMID: 34710089 PMCID: PMC8577781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease with diverse outcomes ranging from self-healing lesions, to progressive non-healing lesions, to metastatic spread and destruction of mucous membranes. Although resolution of cutaneous leishmaniasis is a classic example of type-1 immunity leading to self-healing lesions, an excess of type-1 related inflammation can contribute to immunopathology and metastatic spread. Leishmania genetic diversity can contribute to variation in polarization and robustness of the immune response through differences in both pathogen sensing by the host and immune evasion by the parasite. In this study, we observed a difference in parasite chemokine suppression between the Leishmania (L.) subgenus and the Viannia (V.) subgenus, which is associated with severe immune-mediated pathology such as mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. While Leishmania (L.) subgenus parasites utilize the virulence factor and metalloprotease glycoprotein-63 (gp63) to suppress the type-1 associated host chemokine CXCL10, L. (V.) panamensis did not suppress CXCL10. To understand the molecular basis for the inter-species variation in chemokine suppression, we used in silico modeling to identify a putative CXCL10-binding site on GP63. The putative CXCL10 binding site is in a region of gp63 under significant positive selection, and it varies from the L. major wild-type sequence in all gp63 alleles identified in the L. (V.) panamensis reference genome. Mutating wild-type L. (L.) major gp63 to the L. (V.) panamensis sequence at the putative binding site impaired cleavage of CXCL10 but not a non-specific protease substrate. Notably, Viannia clinical isolates confirmed that L. (V.) panamensis primarily encodes non-CXCL10-cleaving gp63 alleles. In contrast, L. (V.) braziliensis has an intermediate level of activity, consistent with this species having more equal proportions of both alleles. Our results demonstrate how parasite genetic diversity can contribute to variation in immune responses to Leishmania spp. infection that may play critical roles in the outcome of infection. Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania parasites and spread by the bites of infected sand flies. Most cases of leishmaniasis present as self-healing sores that are resolved by a balanced immune response. Other cases of leishmaniasis involve spread to sites distant from the original bite, including damage of the inner surfaces of the mouth and nose. These cases of leishmaniasis involve an excessive immune response. Leishmania parasites produce virulence factor proteins, such as GP63, to trick the immune system into mounting a weaker response. GP63 specifically degrades signaling proteins that attract and activate certain immune cells. Here, we demonstrate that Leishmania parasite species have evolved to differ in their ability to degrade signaling proteins. In Leishmania species known to cause more immune-mediated tissue damage, the GP63 virulence factor has evolved to not degrade specific immune signaling proteins, thus attracting, and activating more immune cells. Our results demonstrate how diversity among Leishmania parasite species can contribute to variation in immune responses that may play critical roles in the outcome of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro L. Antonia
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alyson B. Barnes
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amelia T. Martin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Liuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dennis C. Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anti-Leishmania braziliensis activity of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione and its Cu(II) and Ag(I) complexes. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3273-3285. [PMID: 34363115 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, included in the priority list of the WHO, remains as a neglected disease caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus. There is no vaccine available for human leishmaniasis, and the current treatment is based on old drugs that cause serious side effects. Herein, we initially studied the cellular distribution of the virulence factor gp63, the major metallopeptidase, in a virulent strain of Leishmania braziliensis, and then we measured the inhibitory effects of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione), and its metal complexes, [Cu(phendione)3](ClO4)2.4H2O and [Ag(phendione)2]ClO4, on both cellular and extracellular metallopeptidases produced by promastigotes. The action of the three compounds on parasite viability and on parasite-macrophage interaction was also determined. Gp63 molecules were detected in several parasite compartments, including the cytoplasm, the membrane lining the cell body and flagellum, and in the flagellar pocket, which explains the presence of gp63 in the culture medium. The test compounds inhibited parasite metallopeptidases in a typical dose-dependent manner, and they also caused a significant and irreversible inhibition of parasite motility. Moreover, the pre-treatment of promastigotes with the test compounds induced a decrease in the association index with macrophages. Collectively, phendione and its Cu(II) and Ag(I) complexes are excellent prototypes for the development of new anti-L. braziliensis drugs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Dong G, Wagner V, Minguez-Menendez A, Fernandez-Prada C, Olivier M. Extracellular vesicles and leishmaniasis: Current knowledge and promising avenues for future development. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:73-83. [PMID: 33873096 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-bound "delivery trucks" that are present in the extracellular environment, including biological fluids. EVs are capable of inducing changes in the physiological status of neighboring cells through the transfer of key macromolecules, and are thought to play a role in a number of pathological processes. Leishmaniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania, is an important example. The biology of Leishmania EVs has been studied in detail, and findings point to their role in exacerbation of disease and potential involvement in the perpetuation of drug resistance. Furthermore, the use of EVs for development of vaccines has been explored, as well as their potential use in a number of fields as biomarkers of disease and drug resistance. Here we discuss the latest findings on EVs, with a particular focus on Leishmania, as well as potential avenues for their future development and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Dong
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health Program (IDIGH), The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Victoria Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada; The Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Christopher Fernandez-Prada
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada; The Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Martin Olivier
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health Program (IDIGH), The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Elmahallawy EK, Alkhaldi AAM. Insights into Leishmania Molecules and Their Potential Contribution to the Virulence of the Parasite. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8020033. [PMID: 33672776 PMCID: PMC7924612 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected parasitic diseases affect millions of people worldwide, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Among other parasitic diseases, leishmaniasis remains an important public health problem caused by the protozoa of the genus Leishmania, transmitted by the bite of the female sand fly. The disease has also been linked to tropical and subtropical regions, in addition to being an endemic disease in many areas around the world, including the Mediterranean basin and South America. Although recent years have witnessed marked advances in Leishmania-related research in various directions, many issues have yet to be elucidated. The intention of the present review is to give an overview of the major virulence factors contributing to the pathogenicity of the parasite. We aimed to provide a concise picture of the factors influencing the reaction of the parasite in its host that might help to develop novel chemotherapeutic and vaccine strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.K.E.); (A.A.M.A.)
| | - Abdulsalam A. M. Alkhaldi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 2014, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (E.K.E.); (A.A.M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cardoso T, Bezerra C, Medina LS, Ramasawmy R, Scheriefer A, Bacellar O, de Carvalho EM. Leishmania braziliensis isolated from disseminated leishmaniasis patients downmodulate neutrophil function. Parasite Immunol 2020; 41:e12620. [PMID: 30815888 PMCID: PMC6519172 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aims The polymorphism observed in Leishmania braziliensis is associated with different clinical forms of leishmaniasis. Neutrophils (PMNs) participate in the pathogenesis of leishmania infection, and here, we evaluate neutrophil function after infection with isolates of L. braziliensis from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) or disseminated leishmaniasis (DL) patients. Methods and results Neutrophils from 30 healthy subjects (HS) were infected with isolates of L. (V.) braziliensis obtained from three CL and three DL patients. They were infected at the ratio of 3:1 parasites per neutrophil, and leishmania uptake was evaluated by microscopy. The neutrophil activation markers and oxidative burst by expression of dihidrorhodamine (DHR) were evaluated by flow cytometry and cytokine production by ELISA. The frequency of infected cells and the number of amastigotes were higher in neutrophils infected with CL isolates compared to DL isolates (P < 0.05). The DHR and CD66b expression after infection with DL isolate was lower than with CL isolates. There was no difference regarding chemokine production. Conclusion The L. (V.) braziliensis isolates of DL induced lower respiratory burst and neutrophils activation markers compared with CL isolates which may contribute to parasite survival and dissemination in DL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Cardoso
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas (LAPEC) do Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - Fiocruz, Bahia, Brazil.,Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Caroline Bezerra
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Lilian Silva Medina
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rajendranath Ramasawmy
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Albert Scheriefer
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,The National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases (INCT-CNPq), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Olívia Bacellar
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,The National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases (INCT-CNPq), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Edgar M de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas (LAPEC) do Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - Fiocruz, Bahia, Brazil.,Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,The National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases (INCT-CNPq), Salvador, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
da Silva Vieira T, Arango Duque G, Ory K, Gontijo CM, Soares RP, Descoteaux A. Leishmania braziliensis: Strain-Specific Modulation of Phagosome Maturation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:319. [PMID: 31555609 PMCID: PMC6743224 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is responsible for the largest number of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in Brazil. ATL can present several clinical forms including typical (TL) and atypical (AL) cutaneous and mucocutaneous (ML) lesions. To identify parasite and host factors potentially associated with these diverse clinical manifestations, we first surveyed the expression of two virulence-associated glycoconjugates, lipophosphoglycan (LPG) and the metalloprotease GP63 by a panel of promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis (L. braziliensis) strains isolated from patients with different clinical manifestations of ATL and from the sand fly vector. We observed a diversity of expression patterns for both LPG and GP63, which may be related to strain-specific polymorphisms. Interestingly, we noted that GP63 activity varies from strain to strain, including the ability to cleave host cell molecules. We next evaluated the ability of promastigotes from these L. braziliensis strains to modulate phagolysosome biogenesis in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM), by assessing phagosomal recruitment of the lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) and intraphagosomal acidification. Whereas, three out of six L. braziliensis strains impaired the phagosomal recruitment of LAMP-1, only the ML strain inhibited phagosome acidification to the same extent as the L. donovani strain that was used as a positive control. While decreased phagosomal recruitment of LAMP-1 correlated with higher LPG levels, decreased phagosomal acidification correlated with higher GP63 levels. Finally, we observed that the ability to infect and replicate within host cells did not fully correlate with the inhibition of phagosome maturation. Collectively, our results revealed a diversity of strain-specific phenotypes among L. braziliensis isolates, consistent with the high genetic diversity within Leishmania populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara da Silva Vieira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Guillermo Arango Duque
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Kévin Ory
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada.,Université de Rennes 1, CHU Rennes, INSERM, Rennes, France
| | - Celia Maria Gontijo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pedro Soares
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Albert Descoteaux
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tallon E, Dreisbach C. Using Data Science to Understand Complexity and Quantify Heterogeneity in the Onset and Progression of Chronic Disease. Biol Res Nurs 2019; 21:449-457. [PMID: 31345047 DOI: 10.1177/1099800419863161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel discoveries in genomics and other omics sciences are rapidly redefining our understanding of health and disease as well as advancing the development of targeted therapeutics for improving health outcomes. The scale of these findings, fueled by vast increases in computing power and new techniques in data analytics, easily supersedes that of phenomena observed using more traditional research approaches. Until recently, the classification and diagnosis of disease has involved rather subjective processes, whereby signs and late symptom patterns are linked with clinical outcomes. However, symptom patterns, disease trajectories, and health outcomes are complex entities characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations and progression patterns. The burgeoning fields of data science and bioinformatics are opening opportunities for nurse scientists to quantify disease heterogeneity by defining and categorizing disease phenotypes and endotypes. Nurse scientists and clinicians can play a critical role in engaging patients and the larger scientific community in these efforts. The purpose of this article is to provide an introduction to concepts critical to understanding and quantifying heterogeneity in the onset and progression of chronic disease. To present and exemplify key concepts, we (1) discuss evidence for heterogeneity in the onset and progression of Type 1 diabetes, (2) link emerging research approaches in data science with principles in network science and systems biology to lay the groundwork for stratifying subclinical and advanced chronic disease, thus expanding the purview of symptom science, and (3) describe the computational skills needed to engage in these analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Tallon
- 1 MU Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,2 University of Missouri Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Caitlin Dreisbach
- 3 School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Castro Neto AL, Brito ANALM, Rezende AM, Magalhães FB, de Melo Neto OP. In silico characterization of multiple genes encoding the GP63 virulence protein from Leishmania braziliensis: identification of sources of variation and putative roles in immune evasion. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:118. [PMID: 30732584 PMCID: PMC6367770 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The leishmaniasis are parasitic diseases caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania, highly divergent eukaryotes, characterized by unique biological features. To survive in both the mammalian hosts and insect vectors, these pathogens make use of a number of mechanisms, many of which are associated with parasite specific proteases. The metalloprotease GP63, the major Leishmania surface antigen, has been found to have multiple functions required for the parasite’s survival. GP63 is encoded by multiple genes and their copy numbers vary considerably between different species and are increased in those from the subgenus Viannia, including L. braziliensis. Results By comparing multiple sequences from Leishmania and related organisms this study sought to characterize paralogs in silico, evaluating their differences and similarities and the implications for the GP63 function. The Leishmania GP63 genes are encoded on chromosomes 10, 28 and 31, with the genes from the latter two chromosomes more related to genes found in insect or plant parasites. Those from chromosome 10 have experienced independent expansions in numbers in Leishmania, especially in L. braziliensis. These could be clustered in three groups associated with different mRNA 3′ untranslated regions as well as distinct C-terminal ends for the encoded proteins, with presumably distinct expression patterns and subcellular localizations. Sequence variations between the chromosome 10 genes were linked to intragenic recombination events, mapped to the external surface of the proteins and predicted to be immunogenic, implying a role against the host immune response. Conclusions Our results suggest a greater role for the sequence variation found among the chromosome 10 GP63 genes, possibly related to the pathogenesis of L. braziliensis and closely related species within the mammalian host. They also indicate different functions associated to genes mapped to different chromosomes. For the chromosome 10 genes, variable subcellular localizations were found to be most likely associated with multiple functions and target substrates for this versatile protease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5465-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur L Castro Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-Pernambuco), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Adriana N A L M Brito
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-Pernambuco), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Antonio M Rezende
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-Pernambuco), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Franklin B Magalhães
- Centro Universitário Tabosa de Almeida - ASCES/UNITA, Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo P de Melo Neto
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-Pernambuco), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|