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Fan SM, Li ZQ, Zhang SZ, Chen LY, Wei XY, Liang J, Zhao XQ, Su C. Multi-integrated approach for unraveling small open reading frames potentially associated with secondary metabolism in Streptomyces. mSystems 2023; 8:e0024523. [PMID: 37712700 PMCID: PMC10654065 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00245-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Due to their small size and special chemical features, small open reading frame (smORF)-encoding peptides (SEPs) are often neglected. However, they may play critical roles in regulating gene expression, enzyme activity, and metabolite production. Studies on bacterial microproteins have mainly focused on pathogenic bacteria, which are importance to systematically investigate SEPs in streptomycetes and are rich sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. Our study is the first to perform a global identification of smORFs in streptomycetes. We established a peptidogenomic workflow for non-model microbial strains and identified multiple novel smORFs that are potentially linked to secondary metabolism in streptomycetes. Our multi-integrated approach in this study is meaningful to improve the quality and quantity of the detected smORFs. Ultimately, the workflow we established could be extended to other organisms and would benefit the genome mining of microproteins with critical functions for regulation and engineering useful microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ze-Qi Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shi-Zhe Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang-Yu Chen
- ProteinT (Tianjin) biotechnology Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Xi-Ying Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
- College of Biology and Geography, Yili Normal University, Yining, China
| | - Xin-Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Jiao, China
| | - Chun Su
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
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Li D, Wang X, Xu X, Gu J, Yang Y, Liu T, Wang S, Chen S, Li J. Duck Complement Factor H Binds to Outer Membrane Protein Omp24 of Riemerella anatipestifer. Avian Dis 2021; 65:261-268. [PMID: 34412457 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086-65.2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The resistance to serum complement-mediated killing is a vital virulence property of microbial pathogens. Complement factor H (FH) is a key negative regulator of the complement alternative pathway (AP) that prevents formation and accelerates the decay of AP C3 convertase and acts as a cofactor in the inactivation of C3b. Pathogens can recruit host FH through their surface proteins to escape the clearance of the complement system. Riemerella anatipestifer could also evade the complement system attack to achieve host infection, but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the R. anatipestifer proteins that could interact with FH in host serum were screened and analyzed, and the functions were determined. Affinity chromatography with a Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid Sefinose column and mass spectrometry identified three outer membrane proteins (Omp) of R. anatipestifer, Omp54, Omp53, and Omp24, as potential FH-binding proteins. We then successfully conducted the prokaryotic expression and polyclonal antibody preparation of three candidate proteins. Indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that three candidate proteins were all present in R. anatipestifer. The affinity blotting assay, anti-serum-inhibiting assay, and serum bactericidal assay presented evidence that Omp24 could bind FH. Moreover, FH bound to Omp24 was associated with resistance to the alternative pathway and functional for R. anatipestifer survival in the normal duck serum. These results suggested that R. anatipestifer Omp24 was a FH-binding protein and the interaction with FH blocked the alternative pathway. Recruitment of complement regulatory proteins may facilitate better R. anatipestifer resistance to this vital line of host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangli Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingsheng Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiulong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchuan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihuai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China, .,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China
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Biotechnological Transformation of Hydrocortisone into 16α-Hydroxyprednisolone by Coupling Arthrobacter simplex and Streptomyces roseochromogenes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214912. [PMID: 33114231 PMCID: PMC7660607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
16α-Hydroxyprednisolone, an anti-inflammatory drug, could be potentially obtained from hydrocortisone bioconversion by combining a 1,2-dehydrogenation reaction performed by Arthrobacter simplexATCC31652 with a 16α-hydroxylation reaction by Streptomyces roseochromogenes ATCC13400. In this study we tested, for the first time, potential approaches to couple the two reactions using similar pH and temperature conditions for hydrocortisone bioconversion by the two strains. The A. simplex capability to 1,2-dehydrogenate the 16α-hydroxyhydrocortisone, the product of S. roseochromogenes transformation of hydrocortisone, and vice versa the capability of S. roseochromogenes to 16α-hydroxylate the prednisolone were assessed. Bioconversions were studied in shake flasks and strain morphology changes were observed by SEM. Whole cell experiments were set up to perform the two reactions in a sequential mode in alternate order or contemporarily at diverse temperature conditions. A. simplex catalyzed either the dehydrogenation of hydrocortisone into prednisolone efficiently or of 16α-hydroxyhydrocortisone into 16α-hydroxyprednisolone in 24 h (up to 93.9%). Surprisingly S. roseochromogenes partially converted prednisolone back to hydrocortisone. A 68.8% maximum of 16α-hydroxyprednisolone was obtained in 120-h bioconversion by coupling whole cells of the two strains at pH 6.0 and 26 °C. High bioconversion of hydrocortisone into 16α-hydroxyprednisolone was obtained for the first time by coupling A. simplex and S. roseochromogenes.
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4
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Vassallo A, Palazzotto E, Renzone G, Botta L, Faddetta T, Scaloni A, Puglia AM, Gallo G. The Streptomyces coelicolor Small ORF trpM Stimulates Growth and Morphological Development and Exerts Opposite Effects on Actinorhodin and Calcium-Dependent Antibiotic Production. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:224. [PMID: 32140146 PMCID: PMC7042404 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In actinomycetes, antibiotic production is often associated with a morpho-physiological differentiation program that is regulated by complex molecular and metabolic networks. Many aspects of these regulatory circuits have been already elucidated and many others still deserve further investigations. In this regard, the possible role of many small open reading frames (smORFs) in actinomycete morpho-physiological differentiation is still elusive. In Streptomyces coelicolor, inactivation of the smORF trpM (SCO2038) – whose product modulates L-tryptophan biosynthesis – impairs production of antibiotics and morphological differentiation. Indeed, it was demonstrated that TrpM is able to interact with PepA (SCO2179), a putative cytosol aminopeptidase playing a key role in antibiotic production and sporulation. In this work, a S. coelicolor trpM knock-in (Sco-trpMKI) mutant strain was generated by cloning trpM into overexpressing vector to further investigate the role of trpM in actinomycete growth and morpho-physiological differentiation. Results highlighted that trpM: (i) stimulates growth and actinorhodin (ACT) production; (ii) decreases calcium-dependent antibiotic (CDA) production; (iii) has no effect on undecylprodigiosin production. Metabolic pathways influenced by trpM knock-in were investigated by combining two-difference in gel electrophoresis/nanoliquid chromatography coupled to electrospray linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (2D-DIGE/nanoLC-ESI-LIT-MS/MS) and by LC-ESI-MS/MS procedures, respectively. These analyses demonstrated that over-expression of trpM causes an over-representation of factors involved in protein synthesis and nucleotide metabolism as well as a down-representation of proteins involved in central carbon and amino acid metabolism. At the metabolic level, this corresponded to a differential accumulation pattern of different amino acids – including aromatic ones but tryptophan – and central carbon intermediates. PepA was also down-represented in Sco-trpMKI. The latter was produced as recombinant His-tagged protein and was originally proven having the predicted aminopeptidase activity. Altogether, these results highlight the stimulatory effect of trpM in S. coelicolor growth and ACT biosynthesis, which are elicited through the modulation of various metabolic pathways and PepA representation, further confirming the complexity of regulatory networks that control antibiotic production in actinomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vassallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, STEBICEF Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbial and Molecular Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Emilia Palazzotto
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomic and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Botta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Teresa Faddetta
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, STEBICEF Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomic and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Puglia
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, STEBICEF Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, STEBICEF Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Shao H, Chen M, Fei X, Zhang R, Zhong Y, Ni W, Tao X, He X, Zhang E, Yong B, Tan X. Complete Genome Sequence and Characterization of a Polyethylene Biodegradation Strain, Streptomyces Albogriseolus LBX-2. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100379. [PMID: 31546741 PMCID: PMC6843780 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A bacterial strain, Streptomyces albogriseolus LBX-2, was isolated from a soil sample in Chengdu, China. S. albogriseolus LBX-2 is an aerobic and Gram-positive microorganism that is capable of using the polyethylene as the sole carbon source. Results of scanning electron microscopy and tensile tests indicated that S. albogriseolus LBX-2 could cause the damages to polyethylene (PE). Suspension culture of LBX-2 resulted in the weight loss in the PE powder over a 15-day period. The bacterial growth curve assay clearly demonstrated the utilization of n-hexadecane and n-octadecane for the strain LBX-2. Phylogenetic analysis showed that it was grouped in the same clade as S. albogriseolus belonging to Streptomyces. The complete genome of strain LBX-2 consists of a chromosome of 7,210,477 bp and a linear plasmid of 336,677 bp. Compared with other strains of Streptomyces, the genome size of S. albogriseolus LBX-2 was smaller than the average but its guanine and cytosine content (72.47%) was higher than the others. The Non-Redundant Protein Database (NR), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), SwissProt, Gene Ontology (GO) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) annotations provided information on the specific functions of encoded proteins. A total of 21 monooxygenase and 22 dioxygenase genes were found in its genome. Synteny comparison with the genome of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) revealed a low overall genetic diversity between them. This study provides valuable information to reveal the underlying mechanisms on PE degradation by S. albogriseolus LBX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China.
| | - Meiju Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China.
| | - Xueting Fei
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China.
| | - Ronglin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China.
| | - Yue Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China.
| | - Weimin Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China.
| | - Xiang Tao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China.
| | - XinYi He
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China.
| | - Erliang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China.
| | - Bin Yong
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China.
| | - Xuemei Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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6
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Faddetta T, Abbate L, Renzone G, Palumbo Piccionello A, Maggio A, Oddo E, Scaloni A, Puglia AM, Gallo G, Carimi F, Fatta Del Bosco S, Mercati F. An integrated proteomic and metabolomic study to evaluate the effect of nucleus-cytoplasm interaction in a diploid citrus cybrid between sweet orange and lemon. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 98:407-425. [PMID: 30341661 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Our results provide a comprehensive overview how the alloplasmic condition might lead to a significant improvement in citrus plant breeding, developing varieties more adaptable to a wide range of conditions. Citrus cybrids resulting from somatic hybridization hold great potential in plant improvement. They represent effective products resulting from the transfer of organelle-encoded traits into cultivated varieties. In these cases, the plant coordinated array of physiological, biochemical, and molecular functions remains the result of integration among different signals, which derive from the compartmentalized genomes of nucleus, plastids and mitochondria. To dissect the effects of genome rearrangement into cybrids, a multidisciplinary study was conducted on a diploid cybrid (C2N), resulting from a breeding program aimed to improve interesting agronomical traits for lemon, the parental cultivars 'Valencia' sweet orange (V) and 'femminello' lemon (F), and the corresponding somatic allotetraploid hybrid (V + F). In particular, a differential proteomic analysis, based on 2D-DIGE and MS procedures, was carried out on leaf proteomes of C2N, V, F and V + F, using the C2N proteome as pivotal condition. This investigation revealed differentially represented protein patterns that can be associated with genome rearrangement and cell compartment interplay. Interestingly, most of the up-regulated proteins in the cybrid are involved in crucial biological processes such as photosynthesis, energy production and stress tolerance response. The cybrid differential proteome pattern was concomitant with a general increase of leaf gas exchange and content of volatile organic compounds, highlighting a stimulation of specific pathways that can be related to observed plant performances. Our results contribute to a better understanding how the alloplasmic condition might lead to a substantial improvement in plant breeding, opening new opportunities to develop varieties more adaptable to a wide range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Faddetta
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Advanced Technologies Network (ATeN) Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Loredana Abbate
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Maggio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Oddo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Puglia
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gallo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Advanced Technologies Network (ATeN) Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Carimi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Fatta Del Bosco
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Mercati
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy.
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7
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Talà A, Damiano F, Gallo G, Pinatel E, Calcagnile M, Testini M, Fico D, Rizzo D, Sutera A, Renzone G, Scaloni A, De Bellis G, Siculella L, De Benedetto GE, Puglia AM, Peano C, Alifano P. Pirin: A novel redox-sensitive modulator of primary and secondary metabolism in Streptomyces. Metab Eng 2018; 48:254-268. [PMID: 29944936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pirins are evolutionarily conserved iron-containing proteins that are found in all kingdoms of life, and have been implicated in diverse molecular processes, mostly associated with cellular stress. In the present study, we started from the evidence that the insertional inactivation of pirin-like gene SAM23877_RS18305 (pirA) by ΦC31 Att/Int system-based vectors in spiramycin-producing strain Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC 23877 resulted in marked effects on central carbon and energy metabolism gene expression, high sensitivity to oxidative injury and repression of polyketide antibiotic production. By using integrated transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolite profiling, together with genetic complementation, we here show that most of these effects could be traced to the inability of the pirA-defective strain to modulate beta-oxidation pathway, leading to an unbalanced supply of precursor monomers for polyketide biosynthesis. Indeed, in silico protein-protein interaction modeling and in vitro experimental validation allowed us to demonstrate that PirA is a novel redox-sensitive negative modulator of very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the first committed step of the beta-oxidation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelfia Talà
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Damiano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gallo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Advanced Technologies Network (ATeN) Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Eva Pinatel
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy
| | - Matteo Calcagnile
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mariangela Testini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniela Fico
- Laboratory of Analytical and Isotopic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniela Rizzo
- Laboratory of Analytical and Isotopic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alberto Sutera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Advanced Technologies Network (ATeN) Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca De Bellis
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy
| | - Luisa Siculella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Egidio De Benedetto
- Laboratory of Analytical and Isotopic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Puglia
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Clelia Peano
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy; Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS Milan, National Research Council, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Alifano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
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Janssen RH, Lakemond CMM, Fogliano V, Renzone G, Scaloni A, Vincken JP. Involvement of phenoloxidase in browning during grinding of Tenebrio molitor larvae. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189685. [PMID: 29244828 PMCID: PMC5731683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects are investigated as alternative protein source to meet the increasing demand for proteins in the future. Enzymatic browning occurring during grinding of insect and subsequent extraction of proteins can influence the proteins' properties, but it is unclear which enzymes are responsible for this phenomenon. This study was performed on larvae of three commonly used insect species, namely Tenebrio molitor, Alphitobius diaperinus and Hermetia illucens. Oxygen consumption measurements on protein extracts showed activity on L-tyrosine, L-3,4-di-hydroxy-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) and L-dopamine, indicating phenoloxidase as a key player in browning. Furthermore, no reaction on 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) was observed, ruling out an important contribution of laccase to browning. The browning reaction was most prominent at pH 6 for T. molitor and A. diaperinus, and 7 for H. illucens. As the enzyme activity of H. illucens was the lowest with the darkest color formation, this was likely caused by another factor. The activity of phenoloxidase was confirmed for T. molitor and A. diaperinus by activity measurements after fractionation by anion-exchange chromatography. Color measurements showed the presence of activity on both L-DOPA and L-tyrosine in the same fractions. Both substrates were converted into dopachrome after incubation with enzyme-enriched fractions. No DOPA-decarboxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase and peroxidase activities were observed. By using native PAGE with L-DOPA as staining-solution, active T. molitor protein bands were resolved and characterized, identifying a tyrosinase/phenoloxidase as the active enzyme species. All together, these data confirmed that tyrosinase is an important enzyme in causing enzymatic browning in T. molitor and likely in A. diaperinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske H. Janssen
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Differential Proteomics Based on 2D-Difference In-Gel Electrophoresis and Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Elucidation of Biological Processes in Antibiotic-Producer Bacterial Strains. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 29222758 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7528-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Proteomics based on 2D-Difference In Gel Electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) procedures can be considered a "gold standard" to determine quantitatively and comparatively protein abundances in cell extracts from different biological sources/conditions according to a gel-based approach. In particular, 2D-DIGE is used for protein specie separation, detection, and relative quantification, whenever tandem MS is used to obtain peptide sequence information that is managed according to bioinformatic procedures to identify the differentially represented protein species. The proteomic results consist of a dynamic portray of over- and down-represented protein species that, with the integration of gene ontology resources, allow obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the complex network of molecular signaling, regulatory circuits, and biochemical reactions occurring in cellular contexts. For this reason, proteomics has been widely used for studying molecular physiology of Gram-positive bacterial strains producing bioactive metabolites and belonging to actinomycete family. This highlighted the complex relationships linking overall regulatory processes and metabolic pathways to the biosynthesis of interesting bioactive molecules. In this chapter, we provide a detailed description of the procedures adopted to perform a differential proteomic analysis of the actinomycete Microbispora ATCC-PTA-5024, producing the promising NAI-107 lantibiotic. Although each experimental proteomic procedure has to be optimized to face the specific molecular characteristics of the organism under investigation, the protocols here described have also been used with minor modifications for proteomic studies on other bacterial strains, including the actinomycetes Streptomyces coelicolor, S. ambofaciens, Amycolatopsis balhimycina, and the Gram-negative proteobacteria Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.
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10
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Scaffaro R, Lopresti F, Sutera A, Botta L, Fontana RM, Gallo G. Plasma modified PLA electrospun membranes for actinorhodin production intensification in Streptomyces coelicolor immobilized-cell cultivations. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 157:233-241. [PMID: 28599184 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Most of industrially relevant bioproducts are produced by submerged cultivations of actinomycetes. The immobilization of these Gram-positive filamentous bacteria on suitable porous supports may prevent mycelial cell-cell aggregation and pellet formation which usually negatively affect actinomycete submerged cultivations, thus, resulting in an improved biosynthetic capability. In this work, electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) membranes, subjected or not to O2-plasma treatment (PLA-plasma), were used as support for immobilized-cell submerged cultivations of Streptomyces coelicolor M145. This strain produces different bioactive compounds, including the blue-pigmented actinorhodin (ACT) and red-pigmented undecylprodigiosin (RED), and constitutes a model for the study of antibiotic-producing actinomycetes. Wet contact angles and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the increased wettability of PLA-plasma due to the formation of polar functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl moieties. Scanning electron microscope observations, carried out at different incubation times, revealed that S. coelicolor immobilized-cells created a dense "biofilm-like" mycelial network on both kinds of PLA membranes. Cultures of S. coelicolor immobilized-cells on PLA or PLA-plasma membranes produced higher biomass (between 1.5 and 2 fold) as well as higher levels of RED and ACT than planktonic cultures. In particular, cultures of immobilized-cells on PLA and PLA-plasma produced comparable levels of RED that were approximatively 4 and 5 fold higher than those produced by planktonic cultures, respectively. In contrast, levels of ACT produced by immobilized-cell cultures on PLA and PLA-plasma were different, being 5 and 10 fold higher than those of planktonic cultures, respectively. Therefore, this is study demonstrated the positive influence of PLA membrane on growth and secondary metabolite production in S. coelicolor and also revealed that O2-plasma treated PLA membranes specifically promoted higher ACT production than not treated membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scaffaro
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, RU INSTM, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, RU INSTM, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Sutera
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Botta
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, RU INSTM, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Fontana
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gallo
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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