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Jakaria Al-Mujahidy SM, Kryukov K, Ikeo K, Saito K, Uddin ME, Ibn Sina AA. Functional genomic analysis of the isolated potential probiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus TY-11 and its comparison with other Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0347023. [PMID: 38771133 PMCID: PMC11218508 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03470-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics refer to living microorganisms that exert a variety of beneficial effects on human health. On the contrary, they also can cause infection, produce toxins within the body, and transfer antibiotic-resistant genes to the other microorganisms in the digestive tract necessitating a comprehensive safety assessment. This study aimed to conduct functional genomic analysis and some relevant biochemical tests to uncover the probiotic potentials of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus TY-11 isolated from native yogurt in Bangladesh. We also performed transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis, comparative genomic study as well as phylogenetic tree construction with 332 core genes from 262 genomes. The strain TY-11 was identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus, whose genome (1,916,674 bp) contained 1911 CDS, and no gene was identified for either antibiotic resistance or toxic metabolites. It carried genes for the degradation of toxic metabolites, treatment of lactose intolerance, toll-like receptor 2-dependent innate immune response, heat and cold shock, bile salts tolerance, and acidic pH tolerance. Genes were annotated for inhibiting pathogenic bacteria by inhibitory substances [bacteriocin: Helveticin-J (331 bp) and Enterolysin-A (275 bp), hydrogen peroxide, and acid]; blockage of adhesion sites; and competition for nutrients. The genes involved in its metabolic pathway were detected as suitable for digesting indigestible nutrients in the human gut. The TY-11 genome possessed an additional 37 core genes of subspecies indicus which were deficient in the core genome of the most popular subsp. bulgaricus. During the phenotypic testing, the isolate TY-11 demonstrated high antagonistic activity (inhibition zone of 21.33 ± 1.53 mm) against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and was not sensitive to any of the 10 tested antibiotics. This study was the first study to explore the molecular insights into probiotic roles, including antimicrobial activities and antibiotic sensitivity, of a representative strain (TY-11) of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus. IMPORTANCE This study aimed to conduct functional genomic analysis to uncover the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus TY-11 isolated from native yogurt in Bangladesh. We also performed transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis, comparative genomic study as well as phylogenetic tree construction with 332 core genes from 262 genomes. In our current investigation, we revealed a number of common and unique excellences of the probiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus TY-11 that are likely to be important to illustrate its intestinal residence and probiotic roles. This is the first study to explore the molecular insights into intestinal residence and probiotic roles, including antimicrobial activities and antibiotic sensitivity, of a representative strain (TY-11) of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk. Md. Jakaria Al-Mujahidy
- DNA Data Analysis Laboratory, Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kirill Kryukov
- Center for Genome Informatics, Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Bioinformation and DDBJ Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ikeo
- DNA Data Analysis Laboratory, Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Saito
- Laboratory of Physics and Cell Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Md. Ekhlas Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Martin OY, Hamby DK, Graham BH, Jacob SA. Pancytopenia, Hepatomegaly, and Neurologic Abnormalities in Two Pediatric Patients. Pediatr Rev 2023; 44:S29-S34. [PMID: 37777240 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2020-001016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olufunke Y Martin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Deborah K Hamby
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Seethal A Jacob
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN
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Fang W, Chen S, Jin X, Liu S, Cao X, Liu B. Metabolomics in aging research: aging markers from organs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1198794. [PMID: 37397261 PMCID: PMC10313136 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1198794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism plays an important role in regulating aging at several levels, and metabolic reprogramming is the main driving force of aging. Due to the different metabolic needs of different tissues, the change trend of metabolites during aging in different organs and the influence of different levels of metabolites on organ function are also different, which makes the relationship between the change of metabolite level and aging more complex. However, not all of these changes lead to aging. The development of metabonomics research has opened a door for people to understand the overall changes in the metabolic level in the aging process of organisms. The omics-based "aging clock" of organisms has been established at the level of gene, protein and epigenetic modifications, but there is still no systematic summary at the level of metabolism. Here, we reviewed the relevant research published in the last decade on aging and organ metabolomic changes, discussed several metabolites with high repetition rate, and explained their role in vivo, hoping to find a group of metabolites that can be used as metabolic markers of aging. This information should provide valuable information for future diagnosis or clinical intervention of aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Yu J, Zhou Q, Xu Y, Wang T, Du J, Zhao L, Li J, Wang H, Xu Q, Lai X, Guo Z. The Relationship Between Serum Folate Level and Residual Renal Function in CAPD Patients. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6977-6984. [PMID: 36082108 PMCID: PMC9447445 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s379594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between serum folate (FA) levels and residual renal function (RRF) in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Methods Clinical data were collected from 180 hospitalized patients who received CAPD regularly. Patients were divided into the FA deficiency group and the FA non-deficiency group according to serum FA level. Data on age, sex, PD vintage, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, serum FA, total Kt/V, residual kidney Kt/V, peritoneum Kt/V, creatinine clearance (Ccr), ultrafiltration volume, cystatin C (cytC), serum creatinine (Scr), urea nitrogen, retinol-binding protein and the primary disease were gathered from 2 groups. Statistical methods were used to analyze the relationship between serum FA level and RRF. Results Peritoneal Kt/V, cytC, Scr were higher, and residual kidney Kt/V was lower in FA deficiency group than in non-deficiency group. Univariate correlation showed the peritoneal Kt/V, cytC, Scr negatively correlated with serum FA while residual kidney Kt/V positively correlated with serum FA, and there was a simple linear regression relationship between serum FA and residual kidney Kt/V. Differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion There is a relationship between serum FA and RRF in CAPD patients. Prospective studies or trials should be performed to clarify the importance of FA supplementation on RRF during peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tieyun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueli Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xueli Lai; Zhiyong Guo, Email ;
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Yu Z, Wang A, Hu C, Yu T, Chen J. Type-1 Grade 2 Multi-Focal Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors Secondary to Chronic Autoimmune Gastritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:856125. [PMID: 35783638 PMCID: PMC9247202 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.856125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundChronic autoimmune gastritis (CAG) refers to chronic atrophic gastritis due to autoimmunity. Loss of gastric glands in CAG results in hypergastrinemia and achlorhydria leading to Vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperplasia of G cells and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells. Vitamin B12 deficiency could cause pernicious anemia and subacute combined degeneration, while G cells and ECL cells hyperplasia might develop gastric neuroendocrine tumor (G-NET).Case PresentationA 35-year-old Chinese female presented with multi-focal type-1 Grade 2 (G2) NETs with a 14-year history of pernicious anemia and subacute combined degeneration.ConclusionHere, we report a rare case of a Chinese patient presenting G-NET combined with pernicious anemia and subacute combined degeneration, which are secondary to chronic autoimmune gastritis. This case also illustrates the importance of routine gastroscopy in patients with Vitamin B12 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Yu
- Munich Medical Research School, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aiyao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Chong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianyong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Jianyong Chen,
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Ishtulin AF, Korotkova NV, Matveeva IV, Minaev IV, Polyakova PM. [Vitamin B12 is a diagnostic marker of decreased men reproductive function]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:228-231. [PMID: 35717587 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226803228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the relationship between the amount of vitamin B12 and the quality of sperm exists, but results are controversial and require several additional research. The objective of our study was to analyse the amount of vitamin B12 in the sperm samples from patients with chronic prostatitis and varicocele with accompanying asthenozoospermia, and to identify the relationship between the amount of vitamin B12 and asthenozoospermia. The research was carried out of men with chronic prostatitis and varicocele with accompanying asthenozoospermia and infertility at the age of 27±2 years. The material of the investigation was spermoplasm. A chemical microscopic examination of the ejaculate was carried out with a sperm analyzer and with the light microscopy. The amount of vitamin B12 in the spermoplasm was determined by the method of competitive ELISA. It was found that the level of vitamin B12 was 3.6 times lower in patients with chronic prostatitis III B and asthenozoospermia then in the control group. Among patients with varicocele of II and III grade and asthenozoospermia, the level of vitamin B12 was 4.4 times lower than in control group. A positive correlation relationship of average strength was revealed (r=0,683; p=0,001). Additionally, it was revealed that among patients with Chronic prostatitis III B and varicocele of II and III grades with accompanying asthenozoospermia, there was the positive correlation relationship of average strength (r=0,690; p=0,001) between the amount of vitamin B12 and sperm mobility. A decrease in vitamin B12 levels may serve as a marker of reproductive dysfunction in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Ishtulin
- Academician I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | - N V Korotkova
- Academician I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | - I V Matveeva
- Academician I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | - I V Minaev
- Academician I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | - P M Polyakova
- Academician I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
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Adelakun SA, Ukwenya VO, Akintunde OW. Vitamin B 12 ameliorate Tramadol-induced oxidative stress, endocrine imbalance, apoptosis and NO/iNOS/NF-κB expression in Sprague Dawley rats through regulatory mechanism in the pituitary-gonadal axis. Tissue Cell 2021; 74:101697. [PMID: 34923198 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at the effect of vitamin B12 (VB12) on tramadol (TRM) induced pituitary-gonadal Axis toxicity. Thirty-two (32) adult male rats were randomized into four groups of eight (n = 8) rats each. Group A served as control was given 1 mL normal saline, group B received 50 mg /kg bwt TRM, group C received 0.5 mg/kg bwt VB12 and group D received 50 mg /kg bwt TRM and 0.5 mg/kg bwt VB12 through gastric gavage daily for 8 weeks. Parameters tested include sperm parameter, male reproductive hormone, testicular histology, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphate (ACP), and alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity, steroidogenic protein, cytochrome P450 A1, nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-κB), oxidative and antioxidant makers. Tramadol significantly decreases sperm quality, hormone, steroidogenic protein, cytochrome P450 A1, ACP, ALP, and increases glucose, LDH, oxidative stress, mtTFA, and UCP2, p53 expression, NO, iNOS, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and caspase-3 activity. Degenerative alterations of the testes' and pituitary architecture and perturbation of spermatogenesis were observed in TRM-treated rats. The intervention of VB12 downregulated testicular oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, glucose, lactate, LDH, p53, caspase-3, mtTFA, and UCP2. And upregulate antioxidant, sperm quality, hormone, and spermatogenic cells. Vitamin B12 exhibited mitigation against TRM-induced testicular dysfunction via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Aderemi Adelakun
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Victor Okoliko Ukwenya
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olalekan Wasiu Akintunde
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
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Linhares D, Pimentel A, Garcia P, Rodrigues A. Deficiency of essential elements in volcanic soils: potential harmful health effects on grazing cattle. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:3883-3895. [PMID: 33712971 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several essential nutrients such as Fe, Co, Cu, I, Se, and Zn are vital to grazing cattle as they play a significant role in intracellular enzyme systems, with antioxidant and repair functions of DNA lesions. Feeds may supply most essential nutrients in adequate amounts. However, essential nutrient deficiencies are common and are mainly related to the geochemical characteristics of the soils, inherited from parent rocks. This study aims to assess the concentrations of the selected essential nutrients in topsoils and pasture grass from São Miguel Island (Azores) and discuss the possible effects of its deficiency in grazing cattle health. Sixty-eight samples of agricultural (pastures) topsoil and thirty samples of pasture grass were collected throughout São Miguel Island in areas with basaltic and trachytic parent rocks. Soil physicochemical properties and geochemical baselines of selected elements were determined on composite samples of soil and pasture grass in each site. Results indicate that the highest concentrations of the selected essential nutrients were observed in areas with basaltic soils, while the lowest values were found in areas with trachytic soils. These differences are considered of geogenic origin since they result from the weathering of volcanic parent rocks with different geochemical compositions. Data indicate a lack of some essential nutrients in topsoils (Co and Se) and/or pasture grass (Co, Cu, Se, and Zn) that can contribute to harmful health effects on grazing cattle. The uneven distribution of essential nutrients in topsoil and pasture grass and their deficiency can lead to several health problems in the cattle since these elements regulate physiological functions in biological systems. The identification of these deficit sites is important as it can help farmers to implement soil and/or animal supplementation programs to diminish possible health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Linhares
- IVAR, Research Institute for Volcanology and Risk Assessment, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal.
| | - Adriano Pimentel
- IVAR, Research Institute for Volcanology and Risk Assessment, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
- CIVISA, Centre for Information and Seismovolcanic Surveillance of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- InBIO Associate Laboratory, CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Pole of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Garcia
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- CE3C, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, and Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Armindo Rodrigues
- IVAR, Research Institute for Volcanology and Risk Assessment, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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Loedin AK, Speijer D. Is There a Carcinogenic Risk Attached to Vitamin B 12 Deficient Diets and What Should We Do About It? Reviewing the Facts. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000945. [PMID: 33548097 PMCID: PMC8126961 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The number of individuals partaking in veganism has increased sharply in the last decade. Therefore, it is critical to look at the implications of vegan diets for public health. Although there are multiple health benefits of a vegan diet, studies have also linked the diet with deficiencies in various micronutrients. This study focuses on vitamin B12, because of its critical role in DNA synthesis and methylation. In light of these connections, a critical review of recent scientific literature is conducted to understand the effects of a B12 deficient diet on the genome and epigenome, and whether it can give rise to cancer. It is observed that a B12 deficiency leads to increased uracil misincorporation, leading to impaired DNA synthesis and genomic instability. The deficiency also leads to global hypomethylation of DNA, a hallmark of early carcinogenesis. The findings of this study highlight the need for increased awareness among vegans to ensure adequate B12 intake through supplementation or consumption of fortified products as a preventative measure. Additionally, the biofortification of staple crops and an improved version of fermented products with increased B12 content can be developed when inadequate intake seems otherwise inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dave Speijer
- Amsterdam UMC, Medical BiochemistryUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Chakraborty J, Stover PJ. Deoxyuracil in DNA in health and disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2020; 23:247-252. [PMID: 32398439 PMCID: PMC7347158 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Genome instability has long been implicated as a primary causal factor in cancer and diseases of aging. The genome is constantly under attack from extrinsic and intrinsic damaging agents. Uracil misincorporation in DNA and its repair is an intrinsic factor resulting in genomic instability and DNA mutations. Additionally, the presence of uracil in DNA can modify gene expression by interfering with promoter binding and transcription inhibition or upregulation of apoptotic proteins. In immune cells, uracil in DNA drives beneficial genomic diversity for antigen-driven immunity. This review addresses diseases that are linked to uracil accumulation in DNA, its causes, consequences, and the associated biomarkers of risk factors. RECENT FINDINGS Elevated genomic uracil is associated with megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, and retroviral immunity. Current evidence supporting causal mechanisms and nutritional interventions that rescue impaired pathways associated with uracil accumulation in DNA are summarized in this review. SUMMARY Nutritional deficiencies in B vitamins can cause uracil misincorporation into DNA leading to genome instability and associated diseases. Nutritional approaches to preventing uracil accumulation in DNA show some promise to address its associated diseases, but additional randomized controlled trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick J. Stover
- All correspondence must be addressed to: Patrick J. Stover: Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, 600 John Kimbrough Blvd, Suite 510, 2142 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843; 979-862-4384
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Kwan DN, Rocha JTQ, Niero-Melo L, Domingues MAC, Oliveira CC. p53 and p21 expression in bone marrow clots of megaloblastic anemia patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:1829-1833. [PMID: 32782711 PMCID: PMC7414457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of megaloblastic hemopathies (MH) is centered on the deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid with interruption of erythrocyte maturation. This study researched the participation of p53 and p21 in the pathophysiology of the disease. A retrospective study enrolled 95 patients with histopathologic diagnosis by biopsy or bone marrow clot (BMB/BMC), with clinical review and immunohistochemical study in tissue microarray (TMA) for p53 and p21, detailing their marking location. All patients had BMC and only 11 had BMB. The CMO was a differential of this study and it allowed an expanded sample. In the TMA, 63.7% (58/91) of the samples were immunopositive for p53; and 35.2% (31/88) were immunopositive for p21. Nuclear staining, divergent from the literature, was observed in 17.3% (10/58) among those p53+ and in 38.7% (12/31) among those p21+. The pattern of immunostaining showed non-significant differences (P=0.474) regarding morphologic and clinical aspects. The positivity for both may indicate an effective balance between apoptosis and anti-apoptotic action. Excessive inhibition of apoptosis would contribute to high global cellularity, but without functional maturation effectiveness. In conclusion, there is p21 and/or p53 immunoexpression in most cases of this study and there is no clear association between immunoexpression pattern and patient outcome. Unlike the literature, we also found a percentage of nuclear immunostaining, but the finding was not statistically significant. Combination of p21 and p53 results created different possibilities of pathologic interpretation for MH, reinforcing the importance of studies similar to this one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Nicolas Kwan
- Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (FMB UNESP)Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Thalita Queiróz Rocha
- Salomão & Zoppi/DASA and Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (FMB UNESP)Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ligia Niero-Melo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (FMB UNESP)Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiano Claudino Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (FMB UNESP) and Departament of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital São Luiz/D’São Paulo, Brazil
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Amanatidou AI, Nastou KC, Tsitsilonis OE, Iconomidou VA. Visualization and analysis of the interaction network of proteins associated with blood-cell targeting autoimmune diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Datta M, Aroli S, Karmakar K, Dutta S, Chakravortty D, Varshney U. Development of mCherry tagged UdgX as a highly sensitive molecular probe for specific detection of uracils in DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:38-43. [PMID: 31402116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Uracil is not always a mistakenly occurring base in DNA. Uracils in DNA genomes are known to be important in the life cycles of Bacillus subtilis phages (PBS1/2) and the malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum; and have been implicated in the development of fruit fly and antibody maturation in B-lymphocytes. Availability of a sensitive, specific and robust technique for the detection uracils in genes/genomes is essential to understand its varied biological roles. Mycobacterium smegmatis UdgX (MsmUdgX), identified and characterised in our laboratory, forms covalent complexes with the uracil sites in DNA in a specific manner. MsmUdgX cleaves the glycosidic bond between uracil and the deoxyribose sugar in DNA to produce uracilate and oxocarbenium ions. The oxocarbenium ion is then captured into a covalent complex by the nucleophilic attack of a histidine side chain of MsmUdgX. Here, we describe the use of a fusion protein, mCherry tagged MsmUdgX (mChUdgX), which combines the property of MsmUdgX to covalently and specifically bind the uracil sites in the genome, with the sensitivity of fluorescent detection of mCherry as a reporter. We show that both the purified mChUdgX and the Escherichia coli cell-extracts overexpressing mChUdgX provide high sensitivity and specificity of detecting uracils in DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Datta
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Shashanka Aroli
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Kapudeep Karmakar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Somnath Dutta
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Umesh Varshney
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, 560064, India.
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Linhares D, Pimentel A, Borges C, Cruz JV, Garcia P, Dos Santos Rodrigues A. Cobalt distribution in the soils of São Miguel Island (Azores): From volcanoes to health effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 684:715-721. [PMID: 31174099 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Volcanic soils cover only approximately 1% of the Earth's surface, yet they support 10% of the world's population due to their inherent fertility. However, deep magmatic processes may lead to depletion of certain elements in volcanic rocks. The imbalance of essential elements, such as cobalt, in soil parent materials can affect the health of plants and grazing animals and, thus, humans. Within the particular geological context of the Azores, the present study aims to assess cobalt concentration in volcanic soils to predict the risk of cobalt deficiency in animals and humans. Samples from agricultural topsoils and pasture grass were collected in six volcanic regions of São Miguel Island, and their physicochemical properties were measured, including selected transition metal element contents, such as iron, manganese and cobalt. The soil cobalt concentration was below 5 mg/kg in Povoação< Furnas/Congro< Sete Cidades< Fogo and was higher than 10 mg/kg in Picos< Nordeste. Cobalt concentrations were very low in pasture grass. Values below 0.1 mg/kg were observed in Furnas/Congro<Povoação<Fogo<Picos<Sete Cidades, and only the volcanic region of Nordeste had adequate values of cobalt (0.34 ± 0.19 mg/kg) in pasture grass to fulfill animal needs. The concentrations of iron and manganese were also significantly higher in the two latter volcanic regions. These differences result from the pedogenesis of volcanic rocks with distinct geochemical compositions related to different degrees of magmatic evolution. The results show that there is a significant lack of cobalt in agricultural soils on São Miguel and that it is important to predict the risk of cobalt deprivation due to its significant biological value. Soils deficient in cobalt can reduce plant growth, result in the impairment of vitamin B12 formation in animals, and consequently affect animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Linhares
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; IVAR, Institute of Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Adriano Pimentel
- IVAR, Institute of Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; CIVISA, Centre for Information and Seismovolcanic Surveillance of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Borges
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - José Virgílio Cruz
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; IVAR, Institute of Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Garcia
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Armindo Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; IVAR, Institute of Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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15
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Chon J, Field MS, Stover PJ. Deoxyuracil in DNA and disease: Genomic signal or managed situation? DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 77:36-44. [PMID: 30875637 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability is implicated in the etiology of several deleterious health outcomes including megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, and neurodegeneration. Uracil misincorporation and its repair are known to cause genomic instability by inducing DNA strand breaks leading to apoptosis, but there is emerging evidence that uracil incorporation may also result in broader modifications of gene expression, including: changes in transcriptional stalling, strand break-mediated transcriptional upregulation, and direct promoter inhibition. The factors that influence uracil levels in DNA are cytosine deamination, de novo thymidylate (dTMP) biosynthesis, salvage dTMP biosynthesis, dUTPase, and DNA repair. There is evidence that the nuclear localization of the enzymes in these pathways in mammalian cells may modify and/or control the levels of uracil accumulation into nuclear DNA. Uracil sequencing technologies demonstrate that uracil in DNA is not distributed stochastically across the genome, but instead shows patterns of enrichment. Nuclear localization of the enzymes that modify uracil in DNA may serve to change these patterns of enrichment in a tissue-specific manner, and thereby signal the genome in response to metabolic and/or nutritional state of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chon
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Martha S Field
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 127 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Patrick J Stover
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 127 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Mann A, Portnoy E, Han H, Inbar D, Blatch D, Shmuel M, Ben-Hur T, Eyal S, Ekstein D. Folate homeostasis in epileptic rats. Epilepsy Res 2018; 142:64-72. [PMID: 29571151 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Folate is involved in metabolic processes and it has been implicated in both aggravation and amelioration of seizures. The aim of the current work was to study the effect of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) on the plasma and brain concentrations of folate and on its uptake carriers in the brain - the reduced folate carrier (RFC), folate receptor α (FRα) and proton coupled folate transporter (PCFT). We utilized the rat lithium pilocarpine model for TLE. Approximately two months following status epilepticus, rats with spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) were sacrificed for brain and plasma folate concentration analyses and folate uptake carrier expression studies. RT-PCR and western blot analyses were utilized for quantification of folate carriers' mRNAs and proteins, respectively. The distribution of folate carriers in the brain was studied using immunohistochemistry. In the SRS rats we found lower plasma concentrations (10 ± 0.9 in control vs. 6.6 ± 1.6 ng/ml in SRS, P < 0.05), but preserved cortical and increased hippocampal levels of folate (0.5 ± 0.1 in control vs. 0.9 ± 0.2 ng/mg in SRS, P = 0.055). Hippocampus - to - plasma ratio of folate concentration was 3-fold higher in the SRS group, compared with the controls (0.13 ± 0.03 vs. 0.04 ± 0.02, respectively; P < 0.01). mRNA and protein levels of the folate uptake carriers did not differ between SRS rats and controls. However, immunofluorescent staining quantification revealed that the emission intensity of both RFC and FRα was elevated 8-fold and 4-fold, respectively, in hippocampal CA1 neurons of SRS rats, compared to controls (P < 0.01). PCFT was unquantifiable. If corroborated by complementary research in humans, the findings of this study may be utilized clinically for supplemental therapy planning, in imaging the epileptic focus, and for drug delivery into the epileptic brain. Further studies are required for better elucidating the clinical and mechanistic significance of altered folate balances in the epileptic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniv Mann
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120 Israel.
| | - Emma Portnoy
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120 Israel.
| | - Hadas Han
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120 Israel.
| | - Dorrit Inbar
- Department of Neurology, Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
| | - Dana Blatch
- Department of Neurology, Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
| | - Miriam Shmuel
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120 Israel.
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Department of Neurology, Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
| | - Sara Eyal
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120 Israel.
| | - Dana Ekstein
- Department of Neurology, Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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17
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Yadav MK, Manoli NM, Vimalraj S, Madhunapantula SV. Unmethylated promoter DNA correlates with p53 expression and apoptotic levels only in Vitamin B9 and B12 deficient megaloblastic anemia but not in non-megaloblastic anemia controls. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 109:76-84. [PMID: 29246873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12, VB12) and Folic acid (Vitamin B9, VB9) deficiency leads to anemia in women. We have recently shown low VB12 and VB9 levels in the serum of megaloblastic anemia (MBA) patients. Further, our study demonstrated elevated homocysteine and p53, respectively, in the serum and bone marrow aspirates of MBA patients but not in non-MBA subjects. However, it is unknown whether any gender specific variation in VB12 and VB9 level exists in MBA and non-MBA patients? In addition, it is unclear whether low VB12 and VB9 has a role in the regulation of p53 expression in MBA patients? And whether elevated p53 is functionally active? If so, does bone marrow aspirates of MBA patients show elevated apoptosis. Hence, we have analyzed VB12 and VB9 levels in MBA patients and compared with non-MBA subjects. Next, methylation status of p53 promoter was determined and correlated with p53 expression. Furthermore, the level of apoptosis in bone marrow aspirate paraffin blocks was estimated using TUNEL staining. In conclusion, low VB12 and VB9 in male and female patients directly correlate with p53 promoter unmethylation status, but, inversely correlate with p53 protein expression and its activity, only in MBA cases but not in non-MBA controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Yadav
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University (Accredited "A" Grade by NAAC and Ranked 45 by National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF)-2016, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandini M Manoli
- Department of Pathology, JSS Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University (Accredited "A" Grade by NAAC and Ranked 45 by National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF)-2016, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT campus, Anna University, Chennai, 600044, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University (Accredited "A" Grade by NAAC and Ranked 45 by National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF)-2016, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India.
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18
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Banihani SA. Vitamin B 12 and Semen Quality. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7020042. [PMID: 28598359 PMCID: PMC5485731 DOI: 10.3390/biom7020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies have revealed the effects of vitamin B12, also named cobalamin, on semen quality and sperm physiology; however, these studies collectively are still unsummarized. Here, we systematically discuss and summarize the currently understood role of vitamin B12 on semen quality and sperm physiology. We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases for only English language articles or abstracts from September 1961 to March 2017 (inclusive) using the key words “vitamin B12” and “cobalamin” versus “sperm”. Certain relevant references were included to support the empirical as well as the mechanistic discussions. In conclusion, the mainstream published work demonstrates the positive effects of vitamin B12 on semen quality: first, by increasing sperm count, and by enhancing sperm motility and reducing sperm DNA damage, though there are a few in vivo system studies that have deliberated some adverse effects. The beneficial effects of vitamin B12 on semen quality may be due to increased functionality of reproductive organs, decreased homocysteine toxicity, reduced amounts of generated nitric oxide, decreased levels of oxidative damage to sperm, reduced amount of energy produced by spermatozoa, decreased inflammation-induced semen impairment, and control of nuclear factor-κB activation. However, additional research, mainly clinical, is still needed to confirm these positive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ali Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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